Cu 37: Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi 3 axit cacboxylic

(phn t ch c nhm -COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit

khng no (c ng phn hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon ton
5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo
bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh (ktc) v khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt
khc, nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi
lng ca este khng no trong X l:
A. . 38,76%. B. 40,82%. C. 34,01%. D. 29,25%.

Cu 37: Chn C
Phn tch: i vi cc dng bi ton ny, ta c cch tnh t di tnh ln. Ta s xut pht t ancol Y.
V cc este u n chc nn khi thy phn ta cng thu c ancol Y n chc.
0,896
Xt ancol Y c dng R OH, nH 2 0, 04
22, 4
1
R OH Na R ONa H2
2
0,08 0,08 0,08 0,04
Ta c khi lng bnh tng mY mH 2 2, 48 mY 2, 48 0, 04.2 2,56 g

2,56
MY 32 Y : CH 3OH
0, 08
neste nY 0,08 nO X 0,16 mO 2,56

3,96
nH 2O 0, 22
18
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng trong X ta c:
2,88
mC mX mO mH 5,88 2,56 0, 22.2 2,88 g nCO2 nC 0, 24 mol
12
Ta c khi t chy este no, n chc th s mol CO2 bng s mol nc, khi t chy este khng no c
1 lin kt C=C th
neste khng no nCO2 nH 2O 0, 24 0, 22 0, 02 neste no 0, 08 0, 02 0, 06

nCO2 0, 24
C 3
nX 0, 08
 2 este no l HCOOCH3 (a mol) v CH3COOCH3 (b mol),
cn este khng no l CnH2n2O2 0,02 mol
p dng nh lut bo ton C ta c:
2a 3b 0, 02n 0, 24 v a b 0, 06 b 0, 02n 0,12 n 6
axit khng no c ng phn hnh hc th s C trong axit khng no t nht phi bng 4.
Vy trong este ca axit vi CH3OH s C t nht l 5 vy n=5
Vi n 5 b 0, 02, a 0, 04 mHCOOCH3 mCH3COOCH3 3,88 g

meste khng no 5,88 3,88 2 g %meste khng no 2 5,88 . 100% 34, 01%

Cu 37: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c, no n chc, mch h (cha C, H, O) tc dng

va vi 20ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c mt mui v mt ancol. un nng lng ancol
thu c vi axit H2SO4 c 170C thu c 0,015 mol anken (l cht kh iu kin
thng). Nu t chy lng X nh trn ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng CaO d th khi
lng bnh tng 7,75 gam. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Khi lng ca cht c phn t khi ln hn trong X l 2,55 gam.
B. Tng phn t khi ca hai cht trong X l 164.
C. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong X l 49,5% v 50,5%.
D. Mt cht trong X c 3 cng thc cu to ph hp vi iu kin bi ton.

Cu 37: Chn C.
- Khi t chy X c nCO2 nH2O
44nCO2 18nH 2O mbnh t ng 44a 18a 7,75 a 0,125mol
- Xt qu trnh X tc dng vi NaOH :
+ Nhn thy rng, nNaOH nanken , trong trong X cha 1 este v 1 axit. Khi dehirat ha ancol
th :
neste(A) nanken 0,015mol naxit(B) nX neste 0,025mol
- Gi CA v CB ln lt l s nguyn t C ca este A v axit B (vi CA 3, CB 1)

nA .CA nB.CB nCO2 0,015CA 0,025CB 0,125 CA 5 v CB 2(tha)

Vy (A) l C5H10O2 v (B) l C2H4O2
A. Sai, chnh lch khi lng gia A v B l: m 102nA 60nB 0,03(g)
B. Sai, Tng khi lng phn t khi ca A v B l 162.
102nA
C. ng, %mA .100% 50,5 %mB 49,5
102nA 60nB
D. Sai, Este A c 7 ng phn tng ng l: CH3COO-C3H7 (2 ng phn) ; HCOO-C4H9 (4
ng phn) ; C2H5COOC2H5 (1 ng phn) v axit B ch c 1 ng phn l CH3COOH.
Cu 29: Cho 0,05 mol hn hp 2 este n chc X v Y phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH
thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z. t chy hon ton Z thu c 0,12 mol CO2 v 0,03
mol Na2CO3 .Nu lm bay hi hn hp Z thu c m gam cht rn khan .Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,48 B. 2,34 C. 4,56 D. 5,64
Cu 29: Chn C.
n
- Nhn thy rng 1 NaOH 2 , nn trong hn hp este c cha este c to thnh t phenol
neste
(hoc ng ng). Gi 2 este l A v B (vi CA 2 v CB 7)
nA nB 0,05 nA 0,04mol
- Este tc dng vi NaOH th :
nA 2nB nNaOH 0,06 nB 0,01mol
- Khi t hn hp Z th :
BT:C CA 2(HCOOCH 3)
nA .CA nB.CB nNa2CO3 nCO2 0,04CA 0,01CB 0,15
CB 7(HCOOC6 H 5)
mmui 68nHCOONa 116nC6H 5ONa 4,56(g)
Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3),
thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y.
C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. . 10,56 B. 7,20 C. 8,88 D. 6,66
Cu 2: Chn C
Gi cng thc ca X l CnH2n+22kO2 (k < 2)
3n 1 k
Cn H 2 n 2 2 k O2 O2 nCO2 n 1 k H 2O
2
nO2 1 k 1 k
1,5 7/ 6 1/ 3
nCO2 2n 2n

Trong X c nhm COOH c 1 lin kt ri nn ta ch thay

k=1 hoc 2
k=1 suy ra n=3 ( nhn )
k=2 suy ra n=4,5 (loi)
Do CTPT l C3H6O2 , CT este duy nht l CH3COOCH3
CH3COOCH3 + KOH CH3COOK + CH3OH
Gi s mol KOH phn ng l x mol
nCH3COOK nCH3OH nKOH p = x mol
nKOH 0,14, nKOH d = 0,14 x
mc cn = (0,14 x). 56 + 98x = 12,88 x = 0,12.
Vy khi lng este l: 0,12.74=8,88g
Cu 5: Mt cht bo c cng thc: CH2(OCOC17H33) -CH(OCOC15H31)CH2(OCOC17H29 ). S
mol H2 cn hiro ho hon ton 1 mol cht bo l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 1
Cu 5: Chn A
Phn tch : Ta nhn thy ngay mch C17H33 c cha 1 lin kt pi , mch C15H31 l mch C no v mch
C17H29 cha 3 lin kt pi . M H2 ch cng vo mch C cha no ca cht bo nn s mol H2 cn
hidroha 1 mol cht bo l 4mol
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic T (hai chc, mch h), hai ancol n chc cng dy
ng ng v mt este hai chc to bi T v hai ancol . t chy hon ton agam X, thu c
8,36gam CO2. Mt khc un nng a gam X vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thm tip 20 ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ho lng NaOH d, thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam mui khan v 0,05 mol hn hp hai ancol c phn t khi trung
bnh nh hn 46. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,09 B. 5,92 C. 6,53 D. 5,36
Cu 9: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X
vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H =
1, C =12, O = 16, Na = 23):
A. CH3COOC2H5. B. HCOOCH(CH3)2 C. C2H5COOCH3 . D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3
Cu 10: Este hai chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H8O4 v khng tham gia phn ng
trng bc. X c to thnh t ancol Y v axit cacboxyl Z. Y khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu
kin thng; khi un Y vi H2SO4 c 170C khng to ra anken. Nhn xt no sau y ng?
A. Trong X c ba nhm CH3
B. Cht Z khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom.
C. Cht Y l ancol etylic.
D. Phn t cht Z c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nguyn t oxi.
Cu 9: Chn A
Phn tch: X l este no, n chc c t khi i vi CH4 l 5,5 nn MX = 88.
Gi cng thc ca este X l RCOOR1 .
Ta c: R +44 + R1 = 88 R +R1 = 44
Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2,05g mui.
2, 2 2, 05
nmui nX 0, 025 mol Mmui 82
88 0, 025
R 44 23 82 R 15 R1 29.
Vy cng thc cu to thu gn ca X: CH3COOC2H5
Cu 10: Chn B
Phn tch: Este 2 chc mch h C6H8O4(k = 3) nn X l este khng no, hai chc .
TH1: X to bi 2 ancol n chc v 1 axit 2 chc
Ta c th phn tch ngc bi ton t di ln, t Y ta c: Y l ancol khi un nng Y vi H2SO4 c
1700C khng to ra anken nn Y c cng thc l CH3OH loi p n C
Vy ancol khng no th 2 l: CH2 = CH CH2 OH
Vy axit no hai chc phi l (COOH)2 khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. chn p n B
Vy CT ca X l CH2 = CH CH2 OOC COOCH3
TH2: X to bi 1 ancol 2 chc v 2 axit n chc
Nu X to bi ancol hai chc (Y) v hai axit n chc.
+ Y khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng n 3.
Nu n =3, cng thc phn t C3H6(OH)2 (ancol no, hai chc), hai axit HCOOH v CH3COOH (axit
no, n chc). Khng ph hp v este c phn ng trng gng v tha 2 nguyn t H. Nu n = 4,
Cng thc phn t C4H6(OH)2 (ancol khng no, hai chc), axit HCOOH (axit no, n chc). Khng
ph hp v este c phn ng trng gng
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi 3 axit cacboxylic
(phn t ch c nhm -COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit
khng no (c ng phn hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon ton
5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo
bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh (ktc) v khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt
khc, nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi
lng ca este khng no trong X l:
A. . 38,76%. B. 40,82%. C. 34,01%. D. 29,25%.
Cu 37: Chn C
Phn tch: i vi cc dng bi ton ny, ta c cch tnh t di tnh ln. Ta s xut pht t ancol Y.
V cc este u n chc nn khi thy phn ta cng thu c ancol Y n chc.
0,896
Xt ancol Y c dng R OH, nH 2 0, 04
22, 4
1
R OH Na R ONa H2
2
0,08 0,08 0,08 0,04
Ta c khi lng bnh tng mY mH 2 2, 48 mY 2, 48 0, 04.2 2,56 g

2,56
MY 32 Y : CH 3OH
0, 08
neste nY 0,08 nO X 0,16 mO 2,56

3,96
nH 2O 0, 22
18
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng trong X ta c:
2,88
mC mX mO mH 5,88 2,56 0, 22.2 2,88 g nCO2 nC 0, 24 mol
12
Ta c khi t chy este no, n chc th s mol CO2 bng s mol nc, khi t chy este khng no c
1 lin kt C=C th
neste khng no nCO2 nH 2O 0, 24 0, 22 0, 02 neste no 0, 08 0, 02 0, 06

nCO2 0, 24
C 3
nX 0, 08
2 este no l HCOOCH3 (a mol) v CH3COOCH3 (b mol),
cn este khng no l CnH2n2O2 0,02 mol
p dng nh lut bo ton C ta c:
2a 3b 0, 02n 0, 24 v a b 0, 06 b 0, 02n 0,12 n 6
axit khng no c ng phn hnh hc th s C trong axit khng no t nht phi bng 4.
Vy trong este ca axit vi CH3OH s C t nht l 5 vy n=5
Vi n 5 b 0, 02, a 0, 04 mHCOOCH3 mCH3COOCH3 3,88 g

meste khng no 5,88 3,88 2 g %meste khng no 2 5,88 . 100% 34, 01%