Smart Grid Reliability and Security Alarm Integrated with

PIR Sensor and Android APK File

Rose Antonette De Pedro, Ma. Katrina Beatriz Morales, Jeffrey Victorino #
School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering
Mapua University
Manila, Philippines
#
jeff3o@live.com

Abstract This paper aims to provide an efficient
security system that involves maximization of
electricity with the use of smart grid network,
integrated with Bluetooth module as a medium in
sending notification through the APK file in the
android smartphone of the homeowner. A smart
grid is built up with grids used for power that
involves renewable and non- renewable sources of
energy. A PIR is capable of detecting any motion
within its range, which ensures security around
the owners place. As soon as the passive infrared
sensor detects any unnecessary movement, a
notification will be send in the application stating
that a suspicious motion is detected. This paper
was made to innovate the current home security
system and helped make the home monitoring
more efficient and portable.
Keywords Smart Grid, Bluetooth Module, PIR
Sensor, Security System, APK file
I. INTRODUCTION
There are places in the Philippines that
does not obtain enough amount of electricity, since
there is a limit in the capacity of the nature to provide
electricity. There are only a few of the billions of
families in the Philippines could afford a smart
monitoring system for their household. With the
number of theft and burglary happening for the past
years, the demand for security systems inside their
houses is increasing. As for the year 2016, it has been
reported that the number of crimes and law breakers
have decreased up to 13% [1]. According to Kyodo
News, the number of crimes committed in 2015
dropped from 675,816 to 584,809 in 2016. Even so,
only a few percent of this 13% is categorized as
home burglary. Filipinos have learned to install
security cameras around their area for safety
monitoring but these camera only captures the images
of real-time videos. These cameras could easily be
tampered and destroyed before the homeowner could
even watch the whole video.
In 2014, an IoT based home security
monitoring system has been introduced. Nest Labs
sold the smart home to Google for $3.2 billion[2].
This smart home included the smart thermostat and
smoke alarms. Soon, Microsoft started to invest in
more than 10 smart home startups. In the following
year, Apple launched an iOS-based devices that could
connect to devices with similar OS inside the
household [2]. Also, Samsung was able to launch
similar protocols called SmartThings. Within 5 years,
the technologys market sales have gone up and is
expected to reach up to $71 billion as it reaches the
year 2018 [2].
The objective of this study is to create a
smart grid reliable arduino-based home security
system. Also, to create an android APK file wherein
the data from the security system will be sent to
notify the user about the intrusion. Another objective
is to create a wireless connection between the
Arduino and the smart phone to be used for the APK
file.
II. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A. How does PIR Sensor Works
PIR sensor is made of a special material that is very
sensitive to infrared. This PIR sensor has two slots on
it and as a motion is detected in one half of the
sensor, this generates a positive differential change
between the two slots. As this motion leaves the area,
it will cause the sensor to generate a negative
differential change. These changes are the ones
detected and recorded.

Figure 1. PIR Sensor graphical representation [3]
Figure 2. Simple Schematic Diagram of a PIR
Sensor
B. Motion Detector Using Arduino, PIR Sensor
and LCD
A few years ago, a researcher created a
prototype wherein the arduino and the PIR sensor is
used. As the PIR Sensor detects a motion, it will then
cause the LCD to display the status of the motion and
the buzzer installed on the arduino will activate, as
well as the LED.
Figure 3. Motion Detector Using Arduino, PIR
Sensor and LCD Prototype
C. How does a Bluetooth module work
The Bluetooth protocol operates at 2.4GHz in the
same unlicensed ISM frequency band where RF
protocols like ZigBee and WiFi also exist. There is a
standardized set of rules and specifications that
differentiates it from other protocols. [4]
For this paper, HC-05 Bluetooth module was used.
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP
(Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup.
Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified
Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps
Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver
and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04-External
single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology
and with AFH(Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Feature). It has the footprint as small as
12.7mmx27mm. [5]
Figure 4. HC-05 Bluetooth Module
D. What are APK files
If you want to install an application on
Windows, we have an .exe file for that. For Mac OS
X, we have .dmg files. Those of you who come from
Symbian and Java phones background must be
knowing about the .sis, .sisx and .jar files. In the
same way way, have a specific file format for
Android smartphones that is used to install
application on it and it is called an APK file (because
it has the extension of .apk) [6]
E. How does a Smart grid works
Smart Grid undergoes a unique type of
network which is isolated to the process of
 power lines. Smart grid is a network that serves
as the supply of electricity, which basically uses Start
technology to interact with different types if
power generating sources. For it involving
renewable and non-renewable sources of energy
Determine the functions of
makes it more efficient to use. It uses solar panel each pins of the components Build the prototype
to transform the solar energy into a form suitable
for electricity.
No
The smart grid is integrated with a GSM Is the prototype well-
module that has the capacity to detect functioning?
unnecessary movements and errors, and also
self-healing. The GSM module makes it possible Yes
for interactions in the system. With the aid of the
Data Gathering and
GSM module as the medium of communication,
Conclusion Interpretation
the network is compatible.

End Figure 6. Methodology process

IV. TESTING
III. METHODOLOGY
The systems output will be channeled
A. Block Diagram
through the use of an android application, the
Input Process Output
data sent is merely a notice of motion detection
and prior notice if the motion detected is
Data sent to
Moving Object
Microcontroller Notification from rampant for a considerable amount of time
the APK file to the before the pir sensor conclude that the motion
homeowner
Detection by detected is an intruder. If the motion sense is low
Sends the data to
PIR Sensor the APK file via the pir sensor will not detect anything hence the
Bluetooth data sent is motion undetected.
Figure 5. System Process
As soon as the PIR sensor activates using a
_V for its power supply, it will continuously scan the
area for moving objects. The moving object that will
be detected by the sensor will then serve as the input
of the system and the data will be sent to the
microcontroller for further processing. The
processing part is composed of a microcontroller
which will read the data sent from the sensor and it
will be sent immediately to the APK file fo the smart
phone of the homeowner via Bluetooth. The APK file
Figure 7. Decision Tree of the System
will then notify the homeowner that there was an
Though the pir sensor should work
intruder inside his home and this will serve as the
accordingly to the code programmed in the
output of the system.
Arduino, some minimal inconsistency is
B. General Flow of Arduino-based Home experienced by the system, as the pir sensor
Security System Using PIR Sensor sometimes sense incoherent movements that
creates discrepancy to the sensors data. For at
times the sensor sent notice on which is untrue
of the certain scenario. The data from trials are
shown in figure 8.
Figure 8. Trial Chart
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To inform the owner that a person or any
warm bodied living thing is in the range of the sensor,
the Bluetooth module will be connected to the
android smartphone and will send a notification
through the APK application that an object is
detected or moving. The notification received is
shown in figure 9.
Figure 9. Notifications from the APK File
VI. CONCLUSION
The finish product concludes that the
integration of smart grid network particularly with
the use of solar panel as the main device for
renewable source of energy together with PIR sensor,
Arduino, Gizduino and Bluetooth module results to
an advance method of security for people who most
of the time leaves their homes. The growing
technology demands further advancement, and for the
efficiency of the electricity supply, the smart grid
network is ideal. Instead of depending only to the
power yielded in sockets, the solar panel is capable
of producing its own electricity by simply converting
the solar energy into electricity. The design was
stable, for different period of times; It continuously
detects motions and sends notification to the owner
as soon as possible. As soon as the Arduino receives
the data, it will instruct the Bluetooth module to send
a notification to the APK application of the android
smartphone of the homeowner. The produced product
was capable to meet the expected results. The product
senses unnecessary movement and notifies the owner
as soon the movement happen, and as a result, its
easier to protect properties and places. With the aid of
the PIR sensor it is possible to prevent any unwanted
incidents whenever the owner is not around. In the
Philippines, only a few rich people owns a smart
home security system. These days, burglary has been
one of the crimes seen in the country. This security
system is made to be affordable and cheap for those
who cannot afford a security system for their home.
Also, this prototype is user-friendly and is easy to
operate. The researchers created this prototype for
safety purposes only and to help lessen theft and
burglary in the country.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like the express our deepest
gratitude to our parents. Without their unending
support, we wont be able to accomplish such project.
Second, we would like to thank our very supportive
colleagues who willingly lent us some components
that were used in this project.
Third, we would also like to express our gratitude to
Ms. Salvador, our professor in this course. We
wouldnt accomplish this project without the help of
her shared knowledge in the course.
Lastly, but definitely not the least, we would like the
extend our deepest gratitude to God for all the
blessings and guidance he has been giving all of us
for a lifetime.

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