eee were eS NP RON ONS pap We WD «pop We xpop W+ Ad ApCAPYOLO) ApSp PEO) = Ap(Ap“O4O) APCP WS ApOxpagnt+ WW) ApCxpAr+ “TAD xp Ap’ WW) yA AT 4AD xpiAp“jal+ yr é (pOxep*"qnl+ Wi) Apt a AI p(xp*“W+ nie) 3 = xpap W+ “{Al+ xp(xp “A+ AD z= g Ap(Ap’ ) ; ‘4 D) kphp" O40 58 s g co xgKx, Ax k ; ee 3s = Ap(xp Dax | MEEN+ TAD) «= ApCxp’j~Ar+ z= ) a6 z 7 ( I =. TAD xp kp“BS+ YA 2 , 5 rf xp “AI+ TAD APUXP + AN) Apc xp *"qAy4 AAD wd re 2 we By W+ ®) xpoxp Wie Rd 2 sin(ot +a) Sit dung dinh ly cong déi véi ham sin ta c6 y(t) = A; sin@tcosa, + A, cosatsina, +A, sinwtcosa, +A; cosat sina, = (A, cosa, + Az cosa, )sinat +(A, sina, + A, sing, Jcosat Néu ta dua vao cdc ky hiéu Acosa = A, cosa + A> cosa Asina = A, sina, + A sina, -thi bigu thifc trén cé dang (2) = Asin otcosa + Acosotsina = Asin(mt + a) (1.13) Nhu thé téng hop hai dao dong diéu hoa cing phuong va cing tin s6 li dao déng diéu hod vai An s6 1 tén s6 cba céc dao dong diéu hoa thinh phan, bién do A va g6c pha ban déu a duge xdc dinh bdi cdc hé thie sau A= (A, cosa, +A cosa,)? +(Aj sina, +A2 sina,)” =y A? +A +2A,A,cos(a, ~a,) (1.14)Chung 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 9 A, sina +A, sine @ = arctg == (1.15) Ay cosa, +A, coxa A,sina, + A> sina A Néu sit dung cach biéu dién phite dao dong diéu hoa, thi hai dao dong diéu hoa thanh phiin cé dang heae @ = aresin C116) Z, = Aye, 7 = Ageilorr? Tir dé dao dong t6ng hgp cé dang Z=2) + 2p =(Aje! + Age? jel" =(K, + Xz )ei" = Keio" (17) Trongds A=A,+A, (1.18) Céng thie (1.18) duge biéu dién én mat phang sé nhu hinh 1.4. Sir dung cong thttc Euler, tir (1.17) ta sé tim duge cdc céng thie xdée dinh bién dé va pha ban dav cua dao déng téng hop nhu cdc cong thite (1.14) va (1.15). Khi cdc pha ban dau 0, = a, = 0 thi ta cd A=A,+Az Hai dao dong diéu hoa y,{t) va y.(t) cé cing phuong, cing tin s cing bién d6 duge goi 18 cdc dao déng déng bé. Mic dit rang cdc bién do A, va A; cla ching 6 thé biéu dién cdc dai lvong vat ly khdc nhau. Thi du nhw y,(t) biéu dién luc thay déi diéu hoa, yo(t) biéu dién bién dang din héi do luc dé gay ra. Ching tao Hinh 1.4 nén mot qud trinh dién bién déng bd. 2. DAO DONG TUAN HOAN 2.1 Cae tham s6 dong hoc cua dao déng tudn hoan Mot ham sé y(t) duoc goi 1a ham tudn hoan, néu tén tai mot hing s6 T > 0, sao cho V6i moi t ta ¢6 he thie y+ T= yo (2.1) Mot qua tinh dao dong duge mé ta vé mat dong hoc béi mét him tudn hodn y(t) duoc goi 14 dao déng tudin hoan. Hing s6 T nho nhat dé cho hé thite (2.1) duge10 DAO PONG KY THUAT thoa min goi i chu ky dao dong. Hinh vé 1.5 biéu dién mot qua tinh dién bign theo thdi gian cua mot dao déng tuan hoan. Chi ¥ rang néu him s6 y(t) c6 chu ky T thi ham s6 u(t) = y(at) co chu ky 1a T/a. Thue vay uct +2) 2 ytacr + Dy) = yeat + T) = ylat) = ue) a a Hinh 1.5 Dai lugng nghich dao ctia chu ky dao dong 1 f= 2.2 T (2.2) duce goi 1a tin s6 dao dong. Nhu thé tin sé dao dong f 1a s6 dao dong thuc hién trong mot don vi thoi gian, Néu chu ky dao déng T tinh bing giay (s) thi tan s6 dao dong f tinh bing s' hoc Hz (Hertz). Trong ky thuat ngudi ta hay sit dung khdi niém tan sé vong © o = 2nf (2.3) Khai niém tan s6 vang w duge ding nhiéu nén d6i khi ngudi ta hay goi tat né 1a tin s6 dao dong. Can chi y dén céch goi tat nay dé khoi nhdm lan véi khai niém tin so dao dong f. Thti nguyén ctia @ 1a rad/s hoae I/s. Bién dé A cita dao dong tudn hoan y(t) duge dinh nghia béi hé thite sau A lmax y(t) — min y(t] (24)Chuong 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG i DOi vGi dao dong tudn hodn, ngodi céc tham sé dong hoc dac trimg nhu chu ky, tin s6, bien dO ngudi ta cdn si? dung cdc tham sO gid tri trung binh theo thoi gian cita ham y(t) trong mot chu ky. Ba Joai gid Ur trung binh hay duge sit dung 1a gid tri trung binh tuyén tinh t 2 13 yur e [pcos (2.5) git ui rung binh higu dung Yad = = r fv (dt (2.6) wT A tri trang binh hiéu chinh a 1 Yoo op ycuyfdt Qn Nia Trong cic cong thie (2.5), (2.6) va (2.7) khoang lay tich phan {-T/2, T/2] 6 thé thay bing khodng fy, tytT]} 2.2 Téng hdp hai dao déng diéu hoa cé cing phugng khac tan s6 vdi ty lé gitra hai tan sd 1a sé hau ty Cho hai dao dong digu hod thanh phan y,(t) = Aj sin(@ (+05); yo(t)= Aq sin(@rt+ a2) , o, T voi (p.q =1,2,3--). (2.8) Tong ciia hai dao dong diéu hod trén duge xac dinh béi ham yD = y¥ (+ y2 (t= Ay sin(@ t+ a, }+ A, sin(w yt + a2) (2.9) Chu ky cita dao dong thanb phan y,(t) 14 T, = 2n/o,, ca dao dong thanh phan yO la T, = 2n/o,. Ti cong thite (2.8) ta suy ra chu k¥ cla dao dong tong hop y(t) 1212 DAO BONG K¥ THUAT T=pT, =qT, (2.10) tong hop hai dao dong diéu hoa cing phurong khdc tin s6 véi ty lé gitta hai tin =p:q Li mot dao dong tuan hodn chu ky T= pT, = qT. Neu rat la phan st v6 gidn thi T la béi sé chung nho nhat cua T, va T, . Hinh 1.6 14 dé thi dao dong téng hgp cua hai dao dong diéu hoh voi Ay: A, = 2: | oO): @ | I _ zt | T Hinh 1.6 Néu str dung cae vée to phite ta o6 thé viet mot céch hinh thite nhu sau ie" +[2\e" iw QD Trong dé (2.12) = JAP +A} +2A,A; colo, — 0, +02 - a4] 4+ |Zytsin w yet) = aresin 220 + Paisin v2 (2.13) Ay Sin(@ |t + @,)+ A> sin(@,t+ Gq) = avesin 1 eeeChuang 1, MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 13 Bay gid ta xét mot truéng hop riéng quan trong. Dd [A trudng hgp hiéu @,-@. nhd va bién d6 cdc dao dong diéu hod thanh phan bang nhau A,= A) = A. Chit y dén he thite Luong gidc 2cos*« = 1+ cos2u, tit céng thie (2.12) ta suy ra [2] = Ay2{t+cosl(w ~ 0, t +a ~o,}} 4) = 2Afcas{(wy =e, t+ az ~ 4, 1/2 aly cabo zy, Hinh 1.7 Chi ¥ dén hé thie luong gide sina + sinB =2sin cos ta cé thé bien a+B a-B 2 2 déi biéu thitc (2.13) vé dang don gian hon > iy 2seneren WM —@,)L+ Ga, — a 2eos | 2 1 2 ‘| 2 = ffl, sean a, +04) (2.15) Dé viet cho gon ta dura vio ky hiéu att) = 2Acoss OKs Aa al 2.16) Chi y¥ dén (2.14), (2.15), (2.16) tir cong thitc (2.11) ta suy ra14 DAO DONG KY THUAT y(t) = Im(Z) @) —@H+; —-Ab MO, +O "+a, +a = rn coglf2 =O Hs i jg NOs POOL Ms al [(, +, t+ az +0,] 2 QT = a(t)sin Vay khi «, khi gain @, va bien do A, = Aj, dao déng tong hop (2.17) 1a dao dong hinh sin véi tin sé vdng @ = («@, +03)/2 va bién do dao dong a(t) Wa ham thay doi cham theo thdi gian, Tan sé vong ctia bién do alt) 1 (>, - 02/2. Qué trinh dao dong nhw thé duge goi 1 hiéa tugng phich. Hinh 1.8 12 mot thi du minh hoa vé dao dong téng hop ctia hai dao dong digu b s6 kha gan nhau. Hinh 1.8 2.3 Phan tich Fourier cac ham tuan hoan Trong thuc té ta it gap cdc dao dong diéu hoa thudn tuy cic dao déng phitc tap biéu dién bang him wan hoan. Mot hudng hay gap am tudn hoan chu ky 2m. ee ew eye ~ p nae - T = — voi mét sé gia thiét ma trong thuc té luén chap nhan duge c6 thé phan tich o thinh chuéi Fourier YH) =a + Yay coskat + by sin kot) (2.18) kel Trong d6 ay, a, b, duge goi 14 cic hé s6 Fourier vi duge xie dinh bdi cdc cong thitcChudng 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINIT DAG BONG 15 T 1 w= focat 6 7 by 3p Jtosinkorat, keh255 (2.19) 2% ay = Jpimeoskordt, kel2s+ Chudi Fourier (2.18) e6 thé viet dudi dang chuiin cia dao dong 2 yt) = ag + (Ay sin(koot + ay) (2.20) kel ae 7 by véi Ay =yag tbe. a, =arctg— (2.21) ay Viée phan tich mot ham tuan hodn thanh chudi Fourier duge goi 14 phan tich diéu hoa. Hing s6 a, duoc goi 14 gid tri trung binh ciza dao dong, sé hang A,sin(ot + «,) duge gai 1a dao déng co ban, s6 hang A,sin(kot + o,) duge goi 1a dao dong bac k-t (v6i k > 1) hay goi 1h cdc diéu hoa. Néu mot chuéi Fourier hoi tu déu thi né sé hgi tu dén gid tri cia ham y(t). Déi v6i chudj Fourier hoi tu déu thi ta cé thé tich phan, vi phan timg s6 hang cia chudi. Chi ¥ ring mét chuéi Fourier nao dé héi tu, nhung chudi cdc dao him céc thinh phan cita né 66 thé khong hoi tu. Thi du 1.] + Phan tich Fourier ham ring cua nhw hin 1.9a. Biét rang y h gid tri cua ham 6 cdc vi tri nhdy 4 TY A bing khong, 43 hos ' : : t Loi gidi : Trong khoing 0 <1 < T T a ham rang cua tuan theo quy lat ke - | 2 . y= h(-14+ = Hinh 1.9a Tr Vay y(t) Kham Ie, y(-) = -y(0). Do dé céc he sé Fourier a, = 0. Theo céng thie (2.19) ta cd16 DAO DONG KY THUAT b= ah tis 1+ + Mn 2 Jap = 28 kn Tir dé suy ra chudi Fourier cua ham rang cua cé dang vit) = 2h in 2kxt Theo tiéu chudn hoi ta Abel chudi trén hdi tu. Ta xét cdc téng bé phn ciia chudi trén hel. 2knt Yn(t)=-— ssin mak Trén hinh 1.9b 1a d6 thj cita dudng cong y,(t) (n = 1,2,3) cla chudi trong nira chi ky. Khi n cing tng thi y,(t) cing gan gidng y(t). Trong nhiéu bai todn thuc té ham y(t) thudng cho dudi dang dé thi hodc bans s6. Khi dé dé xac dinh cdc hé s6 Fourier ay, a, by ta khong thé sir dung cae cons thvéc tich phan (2.19). Dé phan tich diéu ho’ gan ding, ngudi ta thay chudi Fourie (2.18) cla ham y(t) bing mét da thitc luong giée (2.22) . 2krt +b, sin x) ~ 2knt Ya(t) =a + Y{a. cos kel Hinh 1.9b Dé xc dinh cdc hé s6 Fourier ap, ay, b, nguéi ta chia khodng tich phan (0, T) than m phan bing nhau (m > 2n+1) va xéc dinh gid tri cia ham y(t) tai cdc diém t,Chuang 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 17 2,¢+,m) (2.23) Cac cong thie (2.19) duge thay boi cdc cong thite sau 12 Dye) min ag fy Roe Jeos{ 2H kin | (2.24) +(k =1,2,--+ |e db, = 2S ye, psn AEE i=l 2.4 Biéu dién cac ham tuan hoan trong mién tan sé Ta chon hé toa d6 vudng géc, truc hoanh bigu dién tain s6 @ (hoac tan sé f), truc tung biéu dién dé Idn cdc bién do A clia cde diéu hoa. Viée biéu dién cae bién do A, ting véi tan s6 @, = ke cia diéu hod thit k trong chudi Fourier cla ham tudn hotn y(t) trong mat phang (,A) goi 14 biéu dién ham tudn hoan y(t) trong mién tin sé. Tap hop cdc bién d6 A, trong khai trién Fourier (2.20) cla ham tudn hoan y(t) durge goi 1a pho cita ham tudn hoan y(t), Trén hinh 1,10 biéu dién phé cla ham ring eva trong thi du 1.1. Dao déng co ban 1.6203 4 ~«6. Dao déng bac cao | 234 «5 6 Bac diéu hoa @; 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, © Hinh 1.10 Phé cia ham rang cua Viée cho biét cic bién do A, cilia cdc diéu hod chua dii cdc thong tin vé hant y(t), béi vi ta chua biét duge cdc pha ban dau cia cée diéu hoa dé6.Tuy nhién tir biéu dé bién dd - tin 86 ta cling c6 thé giai quyét duge kha nhiéu van dé cita bai todn dao déng can nghién citu. Tw két qua do dao d6ng, cdc may phan tich tan sé don gian cling c6 thé xdc dinh duge bién d6 cila dao dong co bin va cdc dao dong bac cao. Viée xitc dinh cdc pha ban dau dai hdi cdc thiét bi do tuong déi phic tap. 2-23018 DAO PONG KY THUAT Néu muén biéu dién diy dit tain 6, ta str dung hai biéu dé, m b,. Khi dé bien dé vi pha ban diu cba c (2.21). hong tin vé mét ham tudn hoan trong mién jc hé s6 Fourier a,, mot dé vé cdc hé s6 ¢ digu hod sé duge xde dinh bai cong thic 2.5 Biéu dién déng thdi hai dai lugng dao déng diéu hoa theo hai phudng vudng géc vdi nhau 4. Hai dao doug diéu hoa cé cing tan so Gia sit cho hai dao dong diéu hoa cing tin s6 thyc hién chuyén dong déng théi theo hai phuong vudng géc voi nhau x(t)= Asin(@t+a,); y(t) = Bsin(@t +a.) (2.25) Tit hai phuong trinh (2.25) khir bién thai gian t di ta sé cé phuong trinh quy dao. Truséc hét ta viét lai phuong trinh (2.25) dudi dang sau = sin @tcosa, + sina, cosa@t (2.26) wl< bl x =sin@tcosa, + sind, cos ot (2.27) Nhan phuong trinh (2.26) véi -cosa,, phuong trinh (2.27) vai cosa, réi céng lai ta duge ~ eos, + Foose = coseotsin(a., ~ a) (2.28) Nhan phuong trinh (2.26) v6i vai sina, phuong trinh (2.27) véi -sina., réi cong vé voi ve Ko Yo . —sind&, —sina, =sinatsin(a, -& 2.29) A 2-5 ' 27%) ¢ Binh phuiong hai vé cia cdc phuong trinh (2.28), (2.29) rdi céng lai ta duge phuong tinh xy pone 81) iN? (a ~ a) (2.30) Phuong trinh (2.30) 1a phuong trinh dudng cong bac hai vdi x, y theo (2.27) cé gid tri gidi nOi. Vay (2.30) 1a phuong trinh cia duéng elip. Dang cia elip nay phu thudc vao cic bién do dao déng diéu hod A, B va vao hiéu céc géc pha Ac. = cts - @). Ta xét mot sé trudng hop dic biét sau dayChuong 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 19 1} Truong hop Ac = a, - a, = 0. Phuong tinh (2.30) c6 dang 2 (£- x) =0 > y- By 2.31) Phuong trinh elip suy bién thanh phuong trinh dudng thing. Quy dao 14 mot doan thing CA y=-Bx (2.32) Phuong trinh elip suy bién thanh phuong trinh dung thing. Quy dao 1a mot doan thing -A A x Ax LA x s) Oy G=t3a/4 bla = 2.4142 Hinh 1.12 b. Hai dao déng diéu hod khac tan s6 voi ty lé giita hai tan s6 la so hitu ty Cho hai dao déng diéu hoa thuc hién chuyén d6ng doc theo hai truc toa do vuong géc vGi nhau cé dang x(t)= Asin ;t+a,); y(t) = Bsin(@,t+a,) (2.35) v6i 1D LP (pg=t23-). o TT 4 Trong truéng hop nay qui dao 1a nhing duéng cong phitc tap néi tiép trong mot hinh chit nhat canh 1a 2A va 2B va duge goi 1A cdc dudng cong Lissajou. HinhChuong 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO PONG 21 dang cia chting phn thudc vio ty sé @,/o, va hiéu s6 cia cac pha Aa = Gy - G4. Trén hinh [.13 la duémg cong Lissajou khi @,:032 = 2:3 va Aa = a, - a, = 0. Ngudi ta chiing minh duge x rang ty sO ,/a; bing ty 36 cuc dai cic mii cla duéng Lissajou doc theo cée trac ox va oy. Trén hinh 1.14 1a dé thi cic dudng Lissajou x vai Aa = 0, T/T; lan luot 1 1/2, 2/3 va 3/4. Hinh 1.13 y y y x x x Hol nT? N38 T, 2 yh 3 T, 4 Hinh 1.14 Dua vao hinh dang cdc dung Lisajou ta 6 thé xdc dinh duge chu ky cia mot dao dong thanh phan khi biét chu k¥ dao déng cita thanh phan kia, Cac dudng cong Lissajou duoc sit dung nhiéu trong k¥ thuat do dao déng. 2.6 Biéu dién dao déng tudn hoan trén mat phang pha Gia sit y(t) 14 mot dai luong dao dong. Khi dé dao ham cha y(t) theo théi gian, ky higu 1a 9(t), cing la mt dai lugng dao déng. Ta cd thé xem y(t), y(t) 1a cach biéu dién dang tham s6 cua ham jy). Ta chon hé truc toa dQ vudng géc voi truc22 DAO DONG KY THUAT hoanh {8 y, truc tung la ¥. Dé thi cha ham Y(y) trong hé toa do vuéng géc dé duge goi 14 quy dao pha hay dutmng cong pha. Mat phing (y,y) duge goi 1A mat phang pha. Trong mat phang pha, dae dong dugc mé ta boi su di chuyén cia diém anh Py, ¥ ). Biéu dién trén mat phing pha ta khong thay duoc qua winh tién trién ctla dao dong theo thdi gian. Dé khic phuc nhuge diém nay, ngudi ta gin vae vi tri ctia céc diém anh trén quy dao pha mot théng tin phu vé thdi gian (hinh 1.15). Diém anh Ply.) cho biét gid tri we thdi cla dai lugng dao déng y va dao ham cia né theo oy f thdi gian ¥ & thdi diém t. Uu diém cua sur biéu tb 4 dién dao dong wén mit phing pha 1a tir dang ‘ty hinh hoc ctia quy dao pha ta c6 thé rit ra nhiing ket ludn qoan trong vé tinh chat cua dai luong i dao d6ng. Néu dai luong dao dong 1a tudn hoan thi quy dao pha 1h duémg cong kin. ° ‘Truong hep don gidn ctia dao dong tudn y hoan lA dao déng diéu hoa. Tit phuong trinh : dao dong digu hoa © Hinh 1.45 y = Asin(at + a) y =GAcos(wt + a) ¥ y Oln +0 (| > “A +A Y -A Ay “oA a) b) -A Hinh 1.16 Cac qui dao pha cila dao déng diéu hoa Khir t ta duoc phuong trinh quy dao pha dao déng diéu hoa y 2 ( y 2 = —| =) 36) (A) Ga) a2 Phuong trinh (2.36) biéu dién trén mat phing pha mét elip vai cdc ban truc 1a A va @A (hinh 1.16a). Néu chon ty 1é xich trén cdc truc hoanh va truc tung mét edch thich hgp thi quy dao pha cita dao dong diéu hoa [a dudng tron (hinh 1.16b).Chuong 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 23 D6i v6i mot s6 qua trinh dao dong tudn hodn ta rat khd biéu dién phuong tinh quy dao pha y = f(y) dudi dang giai tich. Trong trudng hop dé ta phai vé quy dao pha bing cach tinh cae tri sé y(t) va (ty) voi k = 0,1,2,..4n. Ngay nay voi su phat trign cilia tin hoc viée vé cac guy dao pha kha thudn tién va don gidn. Dé lam thi du ta vé qu¥ dao pha dao dong, ring cua trong thi du 1.1 véi cite gin ding n= 1, 2,3. Tirthidu 1.1 tacé ‘ 2h 1. 2knt 4h 2knt nit) = —sin 5 ¥,(D=-— cos ya) a To Ya T 2 Tir dé ta vé duge cée quy dao pha voi i = 1, 2, 3 nhu én hinh 1.17. Véin =I tacé qu¥ dao pha dao dong diéu hod. Véi n = 2 va n = 3 ta c6 quy dao pha dao dong twan hoan. Cha ¥ ring & nua trén cia mat phang pha do y > Onén ham y tang. Cac diém anh chuyén dong trén quy dao pha tir tri sang phai. O nda dusi mat phing pha do y O cho trude bé tuy ¥ tén tai mot hang s6 T# ma [y(t + T*)- y(0)| ©, mat dO phé roi rac xc dinh boi hé thite (2.19) thay bang mat dé phé lién tuc xdc dinh bi (3.7). Tuy nhién trong (2.19) cae dai lrong a, va b, la cde bidn do cua céc thanh phan cosin va sin ting v6i tan s6 @, = ko cia diéu hoa thit k. Don vi cha ching tring v6i don vi cua dai Iuong dao dong y(t). Trong (3.7) cde ham aw) va b() 1A cdc thanh phan bién dé ting véi dai tan s6 v6 cing bé de. Cac ham a(o), b(@) duge goi 1a mat dd phd, hay goi tat 14 mat dé. Don vi cha ching bang don vi cua dai luong dao dong y(t) nhan véi don vj thdt gian. Biéu thite A(@) = Ya" a) + b?(@) (3.8) duge goi 1d phé mat dé bién do hay goi ta d6 bién d6 1a mat do bién 49. Binh phutong cia mat A? (@) =a7(@) +b? (o) B9 duge goi 1a phé mat do cong suat hay goi tat JA mat do cong suai. Chit ¥ rang cdch goi nay trong mot s6 tai liéu khong duoc théng nhat. C6 tai ligu goi A(@) va Ao) 1a phé bién do va phd cong suat. Cach goi dy that ra khong dugc chinh xéc. Néu y(b 1a ham chdn hoac ham le, thi biéu dién 1ich phan Fourier cia y(t) sé don gidin hon nhiéu. Néu y(t) 14 ham chan, do y(t) = y(t) nén b(@) = 0 va a() = Jy oosordt (3.10) x oO Bigu thie (3.8) 06 dang Ala) = a(o)| B.D Néu y(t) 1 ham 1g, y(-t) = -y(t), tacé a(n) = 0 vaChuang 1. MO TA DONG HOC CAC QUA TRINH DAO DONG 29 boy = fy@sinorde B12) z oO Tird6 suy ra A(o) = |b(o)| (3.13) Trong nhiéu bai todn ding dung ngwdi ta cing hay sit dung cdch bigu dién tich phan Fourier dang phic. Tu hé thi 1 Tae | iwaedge 1 Piety. | ~iot yas fa [ yme aces fe"'do foe de G.14) ee oe ta suy ra y= FA(oye'*do BAS) Trong dé Ato) = Jycde ae on 3.16) =a(o)- ib(@) =[A(a)fe"! = A@)e Dai lugng A(c) goi ta phé mat dé bién do phifc, Aco) nhu én da goi 1a mat do bién do thu, p(@) = aretg[b(w)/a(c}] 1a phd pha. Thi dy 1.3: Cho y() ta ham va cham y(t) ly tuéng, duge biéu dién béi phuong trinb sau (hinh 1.194) ce khilt! C=C) +) xy LI zy a) b) Hinh 2.9 Hinh 2.10 Néu hé c6.n 18 xo mc song song, tinh todn tuong ty ta c6