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Qip-Ice-20-In-Cylinder Fluid Motion PDF
Qip-Ice-20-In-Cylinder Fluid Motion PDF
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Two-stroke Engines
Turbulence is detrimental in the
scavenging process of two-stroke cycle
engines. This is because, the incoming air
mixes more with the exhaust gases, and a
greater exhaust residual will remain within
the cylinder.
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Swirl
The rotational motion of the fluid mass within
the cylinder is called swirl. Swirl greatly
enhances the mixing of air and fuel to give a
homogeneous mixture within a short time. It is
also a main mechanism for very rapid spreading
of flame front during the combustion process.
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Swirl Theory
Swirl can be simply modelled as solid body
rotation, i.e., cylinder of gas rotates at an angular
velocity, .
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The figure shows
how swirl ratio
changes through a
cycle of the engine.
During intake, it is
high, decreasing after
BDC in the
compression stroke
due to viscous drag
with the cylinder walls.
Combustion expands the gases and increases
swirl to another maximum part way into the
power stroke. Expansion of the gases and viscous
drag quickly reduce this again before blowdown
occurs. Maximum swirl ratio as defined by
equation (1) can be on the order of 5 to 10 for
modern engine.
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Paddle-wheel Model
The volume within the cylinder is idealized to
contain an imaginary paddle wheel that has no
mass. As the wheel runs, gas between the blade
turn with it with the result that all the gas rotate at
one angular velocity.
The mass moment of inertia (I) of cylinder gas is:
2
1 2 1 B mB 2
I = mr = m =
2 2 2 8
where , m = mass of the gas,
and B = bore = diameter of rotating mass
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Tumble
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Squish and Tumble
Squish
Tumble
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Crevice Flow
Within the engine combustion chamber, there are
tiny crevices which get filled with air, fuel and
exhaust gas during the cycle. These crevices
include:
clearance between the piston and the
cylinder walls (80 % of total)
imperfect fit in the threads of spark plug
or fuel injector (5 %)
gaps in the gasket between head and
block (10-15 %)
un-rounded corners at the edges of
combustion chamber and edges of valve
faces.
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Crevice Flow
Although this crevice volume is of the order
of 1-3 % of the total clearance volume, the flow
into and out of it greatly affects the engine
performance.
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Piston Rings
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Summary
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Summary
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References
1. Crouse WH, and Anglin DL, DL (1985), Automotive Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Eastop TD, and McConkey A, (1993), Applied Thermodynamics for Engg.
Technologists, Addison Wisley.
3. Fergusan CR, and Kirkpatrick AT, (2001), Internal Combustion Engines, John
Wiley & Sons.
4. Ganesan V, (2003), Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Gill PW, Smith JH, and Ziurys EJ, (1959), Fundamentals of I. C. Engines, Oxford
and IBH Pub Ltd.
6. Heisler H, (1999), Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold Publishers.
7. Heywood JB, (1989), Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill.
8. Heywood JB, and Sher E, (1999), The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine, Taylor & Francis.
9. Joel R, (1996), Basic Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley.
10. Mathur ML, and Sharma RP, (1994), A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.
11. Pulkrabek WW, (1997), Engineering Fundamentals of the I. C. Engine, Prentice Hall.
12. Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR, YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison
Wisley.
13. Srinivasan S, (2001), Automotive Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
14. Stone R, (1992), Internal Combustion Engines, The Macmillan Press Limited, London.
15. Taylor CF, (1985), The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol.1 & 2,
The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Web Resources
1. http://www.mne.psu.edu/simpson/courses
2. http://me.queensu.ca/courses
3. http://www.eng.fsu.edu
4. http://www.personal.utulsa.edu
5. http://www.glenroseffa.org/
6. http://www.howstuffworks.com
7. http://www.me.psu.edu
8. http://www.uic.edu/classes/me/ me429/lecture-air-cyc-web%5B1%5D.ppt
9. http://www.osti.gov/fcvt/HETE2004/Stable.pdf
10. http://www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid457.php
11. http://www.tpub.com/content/engine/14081/css
12. http://webpages.csus.edu
13. http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ ppt/6-12
14. http://netlogo.modelingcomplexity.org/Small_engines.ppt
15. http://www.ku.edu/~kunrotc/academics/180/Lesson%2008%20Diesel.ppt
16. http://navsci.berkeley.edu/NS10/PPT/
17. http://www.career-center.org/ secondary/powerpoint/sge-parts.ppt
18. http://mcdetflw.tecom.usmc.mil
19. http://ferl.becta.org.uk/display.cfm
20. http://www.eng.fsu.edu/ME_senior_design/2002/folder14/ccd/Combustion
21. http://www.me.udel.edu
22. http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys140
23. http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ME200/ME200-8.ppt -
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