a bet Finck the vate of reaction defied as el O vend Gc. 2 “seco mPof tank: Evelvate term= E-% oe Vea, OF 7 Volume of- \treatment tants / O Used (200 PY eeig Saga KoRB) COAG mano? hoe “Thos the rate of reackon Zor mel Or/day i) Shetek t = BTS wel/tn?- coy } BAT H18* were Find ag end =" + evaluate berms Crotty Crete Sdo0akg _ cae ar | flee of catalyst Way = 50600 ke | eat = [20028 42619 | Teas = O-2OZ YoYo Feet = (Go00m/day (400 bg/u?) = 5400000 keg (day mw), “Vo, 6) = 13% wl veactel//, \~ @282. arsed) (aalgeaade/ Thos the vate of cieappeatarce of GoHys. c er) = 0,002] wel/keg cok) { = 2% woVfrent.« 321 Withovt experimental data we cannot avewer this question, “Me order of reactuin need wot matel. the ctorcnometyy, ames efter doesidt 263 Why choold the way you wie the cbiichomety affect the vake, of reaction? The vate expession remams unchanged. as 2 —% =- 25 tRe ee esos 5 er T= 4 =the 278) We are quer 72 42 amAr sue Cerny? Balancing dimensiems we find R= 266 C@iny ar)! a) \y For an ideal ges eV= RT or eG RT thos ~ as = 2.6664 ~ bewmes ~ oe = 3.66 8T) ~ Cr = [266 (atmy' te Jar Ct 8 ee es new rate constant = fa! oa 15 i Ce \ _ Gate\Qa4e) 64 ony _ =! “I where f'= 306 Geis (eigen C4oa"ke) = 120 (lr) "Con J or 249 From Eq, BS we write Eyl - 1b ise oe ous _ 300 000 (de Sel) =e oF \te 78 ) Se34965 3.4602 3.384 3.36% Ge 33220 58 — 3420 sh DalSpeed) “+ E= (5420) (8-314) = 45062 ae S45 kT 50 “Lk Sane bas ase () 242 22-0 3390 eT aay 3394 aS ~43 262 3.340 1% 2H3 3.364 18 Bhi 3.yoo 90 227 3.382 8H In(Rate) “ slope = - “= -3392 E = (3392) (8-314) #s = 2820) 3 334 336 333 340 = 28.2 kT/mo)C QNT Guess that - tq EQS Ce” 3 fa fe = Where ave % unkuowusek,a ard b ee But we have 2 aquotuis a oS Sb 48 5O= ks! ---a> - 32 = kayrGu” AB =k(S)* GH? -- Dyinde Gd by & ges Gel a] oe Divide > bys gues b= 4s pee R= SAS Regia and b mds gives Ko | . and tet us Fct dts At Be aes rake expression, 2,\4a) Consider the mechamsy MA ZEE wee, Fir reactant A: -tya ki (AT - Q[ATI(AT -----t st state Fir mhemadate : re © ki (AT kafa"](4] - feLat] fo tte fom ohn far]s WO LaT Hy, -—-) Replacing (i) WG) soas to elmmate the unmeasurable AY awes "4 ~ r og = fbolal lees OO And when ky(A | ds ae ab fA] --. or fast oder rx gq a ) Now at low enough Cy we may reach condshons where $,(A }«k,. In such a situation” €q, (i) will reduce to m= RLAT? = or 24 order kinetics Hence lower Cy more and move, This mechanism predicts thet Q pomt wil be reached where the reaction order will shat vising from vne, and wil approach and eventual become two. 4 by22 223 cs Hy Po, +H > X* 4 Ht Hypothese: fe - where X* is an unstable intermediate. X* +O = HgPOs Then as in the xample, pq 19, we write, “aro, = Rb" Lox] = 4, [HsPon | tree Lone Ve = [iat |[H]-4,014 -& be'TLod + by [Hse06] £0 hes Gye mao] rhaleo] 4, [4°] + Fy Lond oo Aesommg chy =0 (and we are cartaialy free to do this ence this is ov model, our brainchild ), replacwig wy in diy then ques = bike [hgeoy']LH*] Loe] © 4 be] elo] Now when bloxl>4fHt] te high ovidiser concentration, £4. ques ey HeP Os, Yaaro, = PiltsPon [LH] ~~ = === On the other hand when ta[H*] >, [Ox] -— ine, tow a Ea.ti) quves a) ae ae fis [igpog] foe] oo ” Sys (Ww) & (v1 fib the endence hone the hypothesized model pin M-M assume that the vevese Teerctions of GD approach YK — RHE @ + equrldoriom quickly , of Ate aK --® eX ok ® tot, ee) K AE @ B-H assume thet quickly Mac =O ®foc MM For B-4 (continued), ore Fom ® eo Cao bax © roe 6 From ©) ie ky X= AF 7 +0 =k AE-(atksX% Elum ate i with i. X= fb AEX) Lee or AE X= Varke, © Eq@ »@ gues tes bs AES : Kates: > a er eo 2) his wealiel the Melaet’s vesult 2 coustauh Cy By careful analysis of careful exgenments Chance, J Gia, Chem, 151 S52 C1442 favors the Brggs— Haldane mechaniom, hater endence removers. His choice, Thus we end vp today with the s0 caked Mehaetis~ Merten equattian’ which it m fact the BH modFication of te M-M equatwin3.1 3.3 oo eal Since the reachin order, hence concentrahion dependency, is not Rnown we are not given enough information te fird the rate F reackén at the higher concentration —¢—————— For the 24 order Asappeavance ofa angle reactant Et, oy 4 ques Xa fe g, a) : o --- dog (SS Non for 50% conserson: ty? FE ey = Sin For IS cowersim: tos (ak) Ee = 1S min ho tthe extra hme needed Is 10 minukes —q— Swce the fractional disappearance is independent of mital Concentration we have a first order rate , or de. Co ae ie he Ave = he ~~ where C= monomer We also can find the rate constant, thus replacing valves dn Se = RAHM) = or ee TEES scabs tenn! Hence the rate of cisappearance of monomer iS given by Ic -TeH a = (0.00687 ain )C << Mogoos betting halbits, and his losses, can be described by dE hg oe In Bete here $= money at hen Now at ao $2180 } fon Uhh we can fad his ‘pasgocity" constant eetde be odd = orn te= 3.7 After his ratse we have tro -- =? | fy i fone (Contnved) eat Ses) : For echanged betting halos An be = (omey(a) --- ov $= 208 Hence his rake ig 208-180 -- o $28 ———_______ B.% For @ fist order reversible reaction Aft e {ewnesmatt a Cen = 0 the thtegrated conversion equatién in a batch reactor (constant Arolume because iris a Juquid) Is quen by - x, =dn (i= #) = (brkat Replacng values we then fd \ on (\- z \ xfs) Bwin sb BE = o0sttas ws! gs Xpe = 0.667 Now from thermodynamics we Bow that Cee . & poe de Ke ee - af Cre & osxls or eaesioar Thos 222. : w BES - 0 o2eBIS Solog @ Say quvet [A> 2988 Vey: 0.057750 This the rate expressuin forthe duappearance of A -™|% = 0.05775 Cy ~ 0.020815 Ca ——___—— \ c ot saan C. 4 neti Drow” Csciea eX From the table ef data at Cy =500 t= l00mm Thos ot t=Shre+loomn = 400m Cys 200 ML. or Xq =O6 Let A= SPP. Then by ths game. one -(B)-be Let Bxclukearluck then by this game atone (44) H (iy a 7 . ey ty ‘ : ab (48) (43) Ge Playrig A&B smaltanesusly ea “ '; (byte) 6 From the problem stakement we can fird & Promdr, “Ry from (i), We then use these in (ji) To see how Vong he can play both gemes simultaneously, This is oer strategy Inkegeahig Ga we get mbit rr finbe ard with the data gquew dys tn wee Ow) Stenilarty oath @ tg=d dna a Were Gj oe wlbgiBy)é ner te phy In Be 2 a 7% ar and with (vy & wy) \ tha 1900 B98 TAes << Bann Note: This is simply a case of two lf order reactions’ iw parallel, See 42.Co) S15 We cam test the fit of the Michoelis- Menten type equation wh many ways, inteyal or differential We will ake these dfferent colstions in torn. But Pst let us transform the MoM equation vito the folowing usefol fore = Peo “qe Ceo = _feaCy ~- where a a eh Cy | ae a af ™ Case this form Integral _n method Integrating ra) ques fio. 6 See dnelte 4, at a ” Py Cro— Ca BT Gene | nteneagt = bg Wn crol | Goh eA Plot he dato ) 5 a the | ‘on the newt: gage: # oo eet 7 Regn AT measured ~ | From foetna o+—_— . £ interagt (5.0824 A fM=o,1a7 From this Mgore the constants in Eq. ty ave kaa l@7bem! | ART EnCEo_ M =0197 reine! { ONVT + Cy thusais fe In Caolca t a t & Che-Ca— hor : 0.84 1.09 bas 2 0.68 1a 6.25 3 083 Le 6.39 oe (56 6S 5 027 180 6.85 6 ob aig WS 9o (acs Qos V7 2 0.0% 2.26 8.34 4 B 4.08 417 10 Gis (0 ul 0025 lo Ae AG 3 aude ’ 2.17 for firet order processes a ileal 8.12% IO win ty b enin . After one day ea ake (tz nt ® (24x60) ic coe =2 = 1.98 x07 7 —q—_____ Thus the radioactiity drags to 2x10° of the original valse. eee ait - - the time for complete conversion of an ni& order reactun from &q, 24, is3.41 Filed ok or (BB)- 1252 0m : eA 6 Given SPSL is roneg (1 2A B 4o100%e., Tobslate gy ® tune (rama) (atm) assy We Lou 0.982, 0.440 0405 OSI asso 0932 0's 0.400 OS 0128 | Column @)is obtawsd from Eq 5, or SAS©°GsAo Gaon -o 2 Pa= Pho ~ aa (a —w,) = vas 25 (w-1252) = 2 tase. vy frst order kunehes, Fords plot as chown iy auc v lasa, _- We do net ger a shracglt hue & aloe = Ke. HES at Keo dik/mat tern Bole = 6:37 YE mH Lig/mot nin,aD 3.2% Let us try nw order kinetics, Then flow Eq 2a, toking B.S ratios, we get | G-Dete CoE) 1] ee : a ODER OG ee) Replacing values gue, i: ; eo ey et . ay™s 2 Replacing in Eq 23a gres okey = "Cet Loa] Guo to : f, wl ae & antl iy) | Here we ave gwen frost data, co we have two paste Cpproachas cay We could fut trausform wh pressure o.dvigs. wabo conewratums and then cae , ov thy We could clay wih pressuie reads auel then transform Oo Firat equation ule conconhabum units Leb vs chek with pessuve units, Awd let uo star by guessing fet order reversible knetics. Why reversible? Because at t=00 therers shit soma Uunveacted Pa. Se the rake equafion we wil test is Ame, Mr ekq-ble --- On megrahem we An(\- %e ) 2 KE [ rou) x( s.) Nae &<>) Sas \n plessure vits this nheqvated e2xpXession becomes Continues) oo ef eee eee os Bho~Pre Pho Bhe)/ Phe Let us eee whether this equation fits the facts So tablahe & ot farPre Ph ~fhe ° fame fh tyrtre 4% faerie © bo 1 ° i boo oo 0.2042, Note: For Pocder exe ioe AIS 328/10 ~ 0.02% 6 240 M/e10 ~ 0.2328 Keand kp have the 8 m0 Meo aT a 0. 25 fo 1505! ee (2 duo {9/610 = \.U26 fae ae OS/e10 ~ 2.2341 00 sO o - © 7 ‘ho ER From Gy the slope = zo ® = go A = 0.1295 wins! or . ea = 0.295 ms") pp On dividing both sides by RT eye we oblauin AG e wo - ae =p = ONS Cp 5 Tae \ _ th fo Lame, fain s lo ‘Ss Whar this shows is that if we have Wotermat & eidov kmehies we can use por Cy mithook chargug the rake corctnutsas) BQ1 Saice we are told thar the reaction Is elementavy the stoichiometric equation chous that the reackon 1& 2% oder, £0 fo a emall relate concentyatuon change vie can wine eo ce 324 Cyt SS G Amovet of Aor ® : Amouak of mat + =O, . a Tatat : Fora fst order veactin in a vanable volume set-up, we have from €q.78 Vv ~ (Se 3.91 Theunit's of the rate constant tells that this is a 22 order reoction ~ye ke he og Abus or ee Jak =An ko- & (45 Zo to bud the value of the vate condant, o, kyand Yes we must plot Ink os YT, the slope gues Bye ant the inteveagt gives ky. Let us follow this procedve> ai Fst letus tobolate Continued) Te Tk a k 50e BL 0.0012 01054 427 Too O00, 8.0031 BAe be 0.00\502 @,000588 356 G24 0.001540 Bod K1O-e 213 BHe 000822 — OAN2¥\o-e Next plot os shown befeu ° . ~Trom Eg uy and this graph clope=-£ = Se PER * Does 0.0004 = 2x 22727, K An / 10 | i -15 4 ——+—__ ee 0.00) 6000s O00 aotts To fad the Value of ko take the second data Point, From Eq o> e/ dak, = Ink= z(t) esc7Tb4 — 22727 (q) = 38.2487 ky = OPT 1 obxin'” So Bi the temperate fange covered wm the vegotted data -Nq = hobo’ e BPYT of, Yoo? sqgos A+B-R+5 Crp = 100 ~ —) {tps0 fares ie XK, =O, . Ceo= 100 {0.8 lee Xp 0.3 ) Cyr OR | Cg-025 gee Co Cad eee “to eon yp G = 50 Cop = 00 ie Take 2©0 moles of feas gee. Cousider A Qt X, =O V=200h+\00®+08 = 200 | 2, = 00-300 2 te = oes * Ot Xp=\ Vs OA-l00B+200R 5100 / e0 3 Now cornder & Ok Xg20 Y>300 e, = 200-300. OF Yee V=WOA+OB+I00R 2200, © 300 3 2 = . es frovn, eqs _ 200-508 04 a S 200-(2)50 200%0.F ee wo om possdlal - \o0 Le wm possle —<—— Cro = 100 gos Cen = 200 ZR Ca=z0 as Ty =400K T=200K Ty=Atatn eZ atm Since the number of moles ie unchanged E,=0 aw €,=04. (22, )/2e0x4 Gontmuas’) | Ton ace 400%, ~S 20.g— ft. + En Sole @ Xq WCee y= BGO% WG0OKew @o 200 wv Cy 200-80 = (20 47 = 28 Ait fin, Let X be the frocks of popeoin popped, the conversion [Hx te then the Frachion wapogpedt Ovtet = BIX +(e) 1 = 28 Lt /rwn oo zg Oe the Fachen pageedt eeaD 5. By the defintion of Eq 7 ov B we have ae dee a. a = From the chscussion Following Eq a E ie somewhat ee, than Tin because the density decreases: unt conversion, Therefore E > lin Disevesion If we really needed Wr we covlel derve E oe ASCVESLON ly : : follows, Fer a Afferental section of peg Mew reactor a8 set oo combining And mbegrat m9 Qwes. av = Fe dita [ the expression for =, oy wth. Cry? mn Fos Woe) = Cro, ey a)(45, m/s) --- GA Conversion, / : Woke that knowing 7 =( 2% aloes not allow vs to Fuad & eS unless —meflay we kndun” Bot anyway | dont see any need to find E excopt in tracer studies, 52 foc the miied Flow ceactor ay = Sorte . Sro-Ge 15081 i gg_teot ” Vie Ba Heenan == ©,0004- a secre ccee a: CNSS 5.7 8.4 @) Cro * 100 meolfit Ceo ~ 200 ws far EJ 47 = 400 Dien, Qe Cone toon For a I order ceackion, Eq Sub glues oe Arg (M-\) | me whee Mf 4 A+B>e Xa =0.999 wtp = 200K, Thos M= 208 22 Replacng al values Seo 1 ee )2 -oaaty o or Y = 0.2) min Thee foe, V=tor = (0.31400) = 124 Le —<--—_____ First find the rate constant: ‘k= ae . Ana 2O\8%2 das! Then fov med Stow, Eq Wha gies a \ ae Ap \tEE 1+ (@133330 + Flachinn of achuty removed = 1-02 =0.8 = 8g —— From Eq 2580. for this M-M type reackon , G ff adn he Go Inserting sou, k=05, 0225, Gp=2 arch CyeOl we ge | Ve #2 405 (2-6. ee aBll Coo = Dina [tat _ WP = ASLE/ mn ee - a A= TreSq Wa \ Fivet of all Cy = Cpa li-Xp)=2 li-oted 0.4 ney Memon Then fv mixes Flow oGeo~ oo) 2sQ- oy V= ~ —aqe7sdir 2 Swe =Tp Ce \eod(ony Cf fee > Kr 01s a Yap Yowade — “(Teuate == ome Cou Ve Wheaten ‘ Ve% For a ovder reachon Eyaluare berms Pro ax & Che = ae = ES _ =o) et ar eae tr k = to hen! ee = Fo = 10 wo0l/ he : 4A TR e205 «— «A Replacing in ©) gues V = ges lleosd In az —OsYors)) = (air ——— Sis ZAR uth -G = O.0SH, Mrs Evaluate teas > 5 --0S err rot Oy os Kosy = & Bo for mvced fl VER _ (290.05 x05") a ne 7 ee eas = 0.0078 kith= 2-25 LiheinaeBAT 20% oxone (A) BO% air of) sl lit/s apne = ad coe Fora 2™ order reaction unth expansion, Ey 28 gives 7 ( 2 x, ‘ Vm ae Rete An lex yt 4X4 + Cee a Evaluate fevws = = sie. €,= SP so Replacing im iy ges Sel Vv Gayorsl2@uadJe (-as)+ ON 5) + uy ere | 05 20g 5.19 ¢C : = 2Omwmal eee ee Tout wm fn 30°e. ee Ht i Dariovs Up Fad a rate equakon Ye. 12020-G) - Cre Ciz0*2¢q) Now tabulate ¥ aye Been e__ Sa =Ta_Joglta) dogce Oe 20 2% 0556 ATT wf R= slope no O4e Co owe LSet L778, | . log Grn} =A9g k42 lega WS 90 asa lat {a0 OY 05563 = \ogk ¥2(1477) Soe eee ee fe 50.004 gwen dake Ly, ie 20 FE q £0,008 CA, rool [Mik nn, ag aE EEREERnneeeeeneeeeeee eee>) 52 the approac whith probably first comes to rnincl is to fad a rate equatin to represent’ the data, first order, seeond, etc., and then wregrate if te gibe the tte; thos Cn af BO Eyl since eam tem) | Satned Nene a) Ms 4 see eno , (RD Bak a quick plot of thedata shows that no wetead of 2 weeks the MFR T= = QTV win = AOS he —<—___— Are(1-0017« 10%) e .67 Cho = Leola AN On, Cyr 0.01 | bop aa 1 Tae oO (Da wat. IHS beat to cake thie ty tn by the method of monmgation of rectangles 1 a ot \S on z ol 3 60% as 0.01 av lo feo = 27) = 27k Use a MFR, with high Kp TS for As®—> Re f i DS & A use (owe, 22. © Caen. 26-5 Ta & _.dvig Nand & iw slouly keep %y nigh keep Ke, igh Dont have an erase a ecther Ko B aoe LT Gwen Cha 2? R rea kie ace he ee Geet Ea ceeee BEAN oe gu pein Bh oe ‘0208 : ie For med flew tin the fivet roachoy W22omin TZ = tO MH @-Co ©2-0 ee VO RaE Fs (our ~ OF A\so Cu-Go . 017°3 Loy a oo | Fa= 25 (oa) Fos the seed veactoy Can SAn O44 =Cp, MocecGe = peemce. = t+ Can = OCHS 2 Keetbce ~ asgtaonce LO AD 45 io . Tr, = Rr Ses Kae 2. Cer=O2Z4\0 (os Yoomss> 0.2278 —<——_———_. and Coa = O71 + 10(04Y0,0748)= 0.998 —t—a Cyp= 40) First dotormime ce : ea 9%) = ae. ORG +2, FORTH a-(¢ (aN a \ ee 4 4G -[ ele Sei a AG, J tate, > os dn lrn2e>) aoe oe a Cg =20 rv { SF > i (2% +228) dn oe =the2 Soe10% eG] G Choo co Ae ON) Cy SHO pal - Ses) eer cay (Ee ee + Conan rene C Flesh, plot 9 0 Ch 7. 14 Le The shaded aveos of the tno rectangles gee Ge We warmige tis by viol asd error. oe eR ond C208 As Me Ges SoS od Veet | ecar “3h N I RS. Von wok sure, aA -\ aArGe _ 2-08 2 co vg ah o = fos So Haticag the Cee N08 3 wd } OM Cee @-by = SN Cenend = (4) = \88 i: : Fae = 8G Te : = e_(c,.-C,,) = 28 J ce S64 a Mn) = 28. (4-08)= 05% 1S Za iF ce ASS 20 | o@O2= = Gees . To ryeaed 22) For plyg How go be Cyg=0 fer Mar onum oven co ey For xed flow let ealve amatyhealy « Coe atedeny = Za ban Affetentiat ing Ktething ace aCe bo Ce Cat Coop = & Olarc, sey uk 2 2A Ren] Urea 2.¢ 94 4.2. Gad Aree anh whegeahen AG, = (020@H)~ = 154 Noke we could alse calve gragh calty. >) fp zero gues =0 2 Coe - §6-2)-\6 «—_ ig@D [A] fev reactions wm parallel ier Aaluate Saray the Qos Gy corve Vocgt= ee 16 Ghee 2G GE lo DABS GE) oe \ oss [ ° \o fy =< So bE The highest value for comes wheve Cp =O. and where Q=| $. operate the med Hoo reactor of Ky, So>\o pole Ceo20 > (F Csp=0 af TWIT First find the Quast, curve, then decide wich reactor type to use C oo or 10 [Note that plog Mew te best crm” of ape Gy t WF ques most T Next, to Pad plot ly us Ce o Bt : A i Veto 2 O11) = Orem? 2 eoC38 1.21 First let us calevlate 9, the jrstartaneous fractional gress. Ths 16 olbawad civectly Grom the mrad How ron because ono Coo fy Sa Qa = SH a joo 40 Yor OT loo go IB O65 wo jo 13 O60 = BH f---- -- —- ~~ wo 60 a OSS too 50 25 oso @ loo 40 a7 ONS 1 loo 20 28 oxo wee nent OS oo 20 23 O35 ! | 100 i. 2] O30 I i xy = 100 O25 ror i ic. 5 lo So BY wad How woth Gee 100 Cee = (-ay) = 9 acy) = 0.3¢ (00 -20) = 28 — : a1 Cop [sm ao -( #8, AG = |e Ja. Gert) 5 882 los ee a : x0 00 e 730 fe fae de | Finaty Ve Se Th BoJ Boye won” (Gn Gocareea) 30 Soames oe TAT aVMeneoves queshin ~ that ts the result ofa eungle_banle? Let F= the number of French elups, and lek B= the wumber of Satish cheps. Then according to the pdlolem statement ano) Ahulaing one by the other aoe ae 1 to eluate. he tame. ao E 28 be £ denralote (os vitly multi ple oe ey Separating and mbegrating gves e B : jFar =| 84B or fof = Be & Bo Wfne chart with FOZ & Bo=B7, then at the end of the baile, Beo. Ths replacng MO) gues Pogsiay? -2b0 : or FHI € ships —y—_.a Cn, Nelson’ question -What is the result of 2 bales dh succession? Let the Prihch fight F elaips in she CF loatle, then Ff shigs w the 21% Agglyng Eqay to te two battles we have x i eee For the 2 lanle 2-85 = -PF-0 fF chips ave at | destroyed 8 -8r abet nft -- © To maxmae Ba tale. B86 From which we fad f= 2 “Thos the Bahsh should Fight Ye the fvends Heet wh each battle, So for Faroe] we Bid that the Bitch ave Nel ct Combing gues Ba =a) 184 9 OY AB to Ships —g—_______ The aiffecence m tre two answers shours how math. affected Savopean Wnetory, Comment Equation 1 represents the SQuare FIREPOWER LAW. This says that the strength of a force is proportional t> the suave of ils Firepower, onc ik apeles to battles udh cooperative action. thes + Tough taorleng oe asa team can take on 6 others - one aka twie, The British war office had a covgle of mathematicians on their staff sho in ecserea did the algere calcdlation, The Trewh multany prbadly Were nore ‘practeal, avd didnt spend money vn “dseless activitied It wovld be interesting to consicter histoncal battles (Thermopolae, Tatar Coral Sea , quereda vosfike\ from the standpoint of this law. Far more on this select see the sectiin on Mathematis & Warfare in “World of Mathemalies" by James Newman. This problem hos may interestniq ertersinns: Suggese K values ove unequal , sopprse a 2 party figate bath, (crazy salihn), hos to minmde the total Keng bot stil achieve « clecisio , ee,Instantaneously Bl A peter ed, / tr=kCece E we) — B, ae oe Bs Guess ARS Now check Fig Ths chows thar the results dowk Ft these kuwetes Q -- Tas 7 Newb guess ACE Tee bie | ano fov mad RD Voakaty 2 1 = B00 | kw a coo ue Innding gives aoe coucho T= Gre | oe kote This ogiees with the observed so we covctude that ree Gh | az® a > ke \S ke eg} Ss Gaba: B.S Guess AoR2S, Then check igh. This choos thet our guess was coffed aud thab Ke = 00s &ae Let us next evaluate the vate constants Gontinved) fo Ge toes 08 Ve eee Sok, on eos these veeulls ave connefeut mint kes = = 0.05 raw > —e—_______ ma Bl] a) Ok the start {h Q=22 her some twie [ sla Lgsoa By makenat balance ~AB=0.%, anc Using ACS locates pot “ on Fig. S. Ab this, potat ei/k,=0.85 Following this a/b, Avie to S=0.6 (pout Y) ques B=2-2(04)-0.3215 4’) Nothing sores i Smee the reackin is ragid the R adially formed is probally less than what could be formed. ‘thus the observed & ratio, Ble =04 from Fig TiS is the oppor bound to the true & ratio o te/p ¢ 04 <4 —————c)BA BN Evaluate band ke ar vanous pH, po ee ve From ths talde | 2 : Operate at p= became S i it gives the Ighest ky =— Anol the bghest ke tenn OhYP BAZ Assome thet Go=100, “then a) ip you hone produced lots of S20, ana the Second ctep reactions ave relatively vaevy slow, then the fist Step veochns ave couplete, So CyhsO Ce=20 Ce=20 Cy=20 ond Cy= 40—4— ay bp The second step feactions ave very fash, so any R fovwed has tramcformed ints Sond U, So CR ema = 20440 60 Thus Ge 3 Cea = BO, So Cy Hl Ce=O Cg=20 Cy=30 ont Cy=hO-—g—— bySmee Sis deswed use plug oo. Then an erkenadn of eqn gues, C2) ye aon) af Hoenn cs vey *\oooy 5 0.965 ver Cone, = OES Ch —e——— BIT Swce this s a course on chemeal reactois let os make «he owatogy of thie procese to a chewed process, So Lek A = gatbage chil ta be collectoy Ag= W440 tons Q = garage th the bur : | S = garboge places tw the nemevator Then ak t=0 “Be ohhh bc tMr 6. we OR ito O40 ‘ ~-@@s) Whegrating E400 gves (ese Ege 1B aus (Twn the text> ~ Yas . au eovivnved) ae ‘ : A =hoe 2 woe Rho G-e) new aao(i-e Py -& - @IUEZ coliected, From 4 Cid a See c oe + = 240 Jn 20 = 120 wa = 12 Ww Jo ak bem 45% ofthe days aovog? | . Wi Wave been entlected { (ey Twhe when bine Evil. the vull accor whew AKL =O. Se from Equi ag See Ar Oe ki A— be, Ve at : E> Yas =O tons The time, Fron Eq. Wy 240 = wae 42° oy T=BMOInb =430 win oe ge (hy Mase contents of the ber or \.206 ° Ray, = HO(\~ eno ABO OF Riyare = 430 tons dy As “The bin ermphes when R=O, Again look af Eq wd R=0 = 1440 (e095 5 oy Yr at =4{ Solve boy Wal & over t= HG mm =23hWw SO win € 6.56 am———_________ 4) Whar this means that the wemeratoy worles Pylh trine, the kate operates Proceeds continvousty Wis wet deeqned, bub wit wathing ty spave eeBlY Let us follow the text. From €q22 eo ee 2 = oo mt /,2 x ee ee Ver We ave given k= Leonel = 2002 ne 2 Ke bao _ Gs%009 = 0S ky 200 (® Ay haf an how one gets max (see Fig 8.2) bent ee ee Ae c no 2 y= 2°") = 07025 +2) i After one hour note that X is all gone and we only have YSZ present, CG e™) -OIS—\S et (e -@°'8) -oz Co = 10.2323 = 0.6677 gq . —_—a_ B21 ios Ceaction. \s eRe, Set for which. from E444 ) ae Be) hoe = (4) Ae ong OF Cemane OMY MY From B80 (1) a ois ee oo | 1 - RIT = 1A2m0 =e & eo Alternately, from Fig, 12, for ee & wwe find (52)\O.1 For the 4 schemes : GN, N, Good———_____ los Neene hae NON NC 10,5 a> We shovld operate ot the maximum ollowabl € Lemperatove when EyrEa2 od ByE2 te a) by We should have a falling temperatuve when EE g od E\E2 vse a hygh tewperahwe, dr V=90%, Ar W%=262IC k= BO.e PPPER CIEE) 9.1207 wen) k=18 7 15000/Bar4Caeay = 0.0152 wrt * aly © 0.8322, Fron fig BIB or qu 986 8q Emer ogg mg ——___ Sto (ee ee — \a-F Oove2-0ne87 ArG—=-B bye a. Hen Aras BS a Reacghyo (deswed) Rese+s Yi soas oe ees kant Rewrite the rates A From the Denbigh reachin set, ay 44. gives: we ka Marto _ 9 ayers 7 -0588 ~< Spo Ne Ce 7 WXs ee Use plog flow —a—e& 1019 Gen bebe =a x10" are ( 1SHene/fer) ks = B.isxi0 reve 2orem/ar) re ky = 2 \eoe 20 (- Bseookr) | Skee Ey ts much smaller than all the other E values vse the highest allowalle Lewmpevature, ov \200K, Qt l200K k= 24x10 we! fos Quy% 0% he? ky = 650 ¥108 be! ky S ABD bet Next auce kg is mock bigge than ka we cam ap proxwmate the Yeockon by aunok in mot So 482 = ere Sar Wooo Frid Cena form Eq 88 A CRmace (ke V7 ‘A,B ioe? Hea-uono* Cy Ke oncom) = 699988 -g— ho a and eae We = 0.0086 = a ey CN eud oo small time and sud oa lnigh Conversion Prochcally any kd of reactor would le OK bot h GN cases chrarghy plug How Is best Do not recycle ov eyPass —a§— eee Nofe: In the article mentioned ih the problem cahement the Wonmumn residence Hine allosed nas 18s. fev this, Ce ie lomey than Cena. From Eq 871 wie find, fy this tye ea d| 0-092] -OATER® 11. ap Check to see iP the results are consistent By matend balevee + area =H “ah = 0.25 mals rogy ) From the graph : area aQoeny \(c rain) 0.26 ratlewsnft | eked Se the reeults ave consistent ——————a) & by Mean E=Wy oy Veto 2.54 = lone be we pectuny cD Fed the B covue, From t=O to ed cS si Weg on. b> ee Say Cheek fov consiztenc By matenat balance: b= Vir = ©Y%q = Seec. But from the experimental curve ¢ ee E =$ Gan r2ix2) = 20 s0c “The tracer comes oat too late. Thus the experiment wae done recorvectty Ineonershovt aq Something Is wrong (1-Day From experiment Mean af the curse: & ZAC _ 20(1S-B) +65 (20-2) cc. os. 8 a ec. Area under the cue: A = Sas Unibedays S25 OS From the maternal balance fre = f 2M alae =a sms’ BSNYbo00m" YES) = Vabonts : _ by Also becavee E = : V= Gyo = 60 days (60008 Bho %24 s\ Cc doy) i =2.1¥10° m ——b) aC56 "7 Calculate dhe converscon for Che = \ ol EF 4 — = Cae % opin) KE The performance apaton ie a €-() Edb ow Bq 3.24 a) ak * > EGS E By CANA AGEN or a batch of material oe @ =6-LY” wo ce oO # € fear - B07) -bGn4 3 es ate Seraneeiaaecaseeteas ’X_= | 164 Calevlate the conversisn or — Cho = ARES Beifanin ; fo} zero ovciod Feadinn Q The porfiinares equation os Gis fey eae From Eq S81 o> a Ca 2: {-eD Sat : 0 1a . Ce .We calcalate the conversion for Che = Ot wel UE AR ey = 0.03 wal/L evn 2eve order Per fovmovee equaber nf. sod -| SE oir $0 ~~ zero ovdee —— 22,8 % He Fron By 221 Se eon fe €K We for £233 mmm Here nothing leaves the veactoy before 4 min, so overything has reacted Cre 20, %e=1 NB For the solic partetes, She"! — : } Fp ans 1% =[Oe ae = (6- ghee 1 > iE g| 4 © Cy S —t te =(\-8) | 24) -ont 2 ak te & X% =1-O.es = Oss —q—__ (as 4 Faas Ain the bed, sohds ASE, 215 min yomresd oe sdids ale < ¥ Wet xn Bytes st “S } oe Ge typdcee Ae = tye key Lise Yon £ Rontersion of A ee 7 | 2 s0hds,so J ° Ae (Pye = |e Mos . = tho EA = { e@ 0Sdt =os[e dt =05e2 jones ° So Xp = OSGTT ep Nfroctun of A Recon posedlay This looks Ike two plug flow onits side by side. from fig T with Magy = 1? and Ora Iw we have 1 —— = ¥ oF vee O.4 mZeain, dy = Pei i = 2 wai vet My = Eo = ©25)ouy = 0.) Vee = ba UL = CUS (0.6) = OF? 12.3 Ths lovks like a ouxed flow ovit, Look of Fig 2h i Here 2.203 E=3 Fae tere F or E=Semuf 2 Penment But we Ente that < TeV tw? UJ eg Gahece What dovs Hie mean? Ether the tracer used ig abt a proper te bracer —deveer than the fluid, adeorbs on the walls of the vescol, ete or something else is sacong. Check the expen we uh —g————_____ 12.5 Aegon look at Fig 4 a ole From, ag le e \ “Thus cov model is. Jel eyED 2.7 Given , pe Chee vesporse 0 Ole 2 From the pulse Cesponee curve. Ustu=08 Vei=iCoas) =0.9(015) =06 . Uzado = 02 V2 2 (2) =02 04 = we: we dead rates wn doa Noy 20.6 So the Flow modee is 12.9 x Pole response ~{ assome an er gonential deany —>£,sec 4p Sr med flor alone Hrs could be 60ce, Kowever, the Curve comes out €ovly, meaning dead spaces ave preseut Wis tracey cowe chows that E Ho sec, thus Vg “owe y= Yaw? anc ous Pima model is@ ae eine IZA Gwen there BX Rchol *yq Wael om x tole ~ Cre Cra edo 00 taf Caer 40. Gorwo © A © ® Cppet00 . 6 eYe2e® \ ae Vea * ec NY va yer GRD Wis nof necessary to do His, bub thes Fivet let Cy =t00 } Assermptcon roe rhe calevlakious ee = TS Next evaluare the vate constant & from the actual Qn? MER. For a 2° ovder reaction A+B—=R+tS ... Chomte, we hove w= Ya Soxtae 2 ie ov Eimally, fv the ideal reactor Video — Shp —¢, the Videst _ Che Cass % som cnater) wT Ece than Gn? ee G - ~4 a H~HS py _ (00-40 hae ~ Ge aco -\00 =~ 02037 we ~~) 1S-[ Evaluate the mtensity of dispeveum {By the viiddle action , = lees bord at 61%) = 0.10 4. standayd deviahim, 5, = 0.35 Cfrom fig 4) Geos Ab =166- 0.068 = 028 Clrom Fig PID AG?) = 01225-001% = 0.1024 ee Ge) Ger Neo > 9.9536 ee Daa \ (1031 — 5.08 Od, aL Vda) ~ ©.05%)(* 0.02% *) = lol From the blast furnace expevment y= 10H) Firm the covrelation fer cmatler colds, gIT : coe ud Note: These results ave very affevent. It could be because of the sevee Laypassreg inthe blast fomece, caused by the Segregation uf the Zoids and the covere channeug of the gas ee 13.9 From fcec Ecce © Cateviate Du: 2ypenmeut ; 0-20 eee 20-25 25 bo Zc 56s As-S0 27S 20 Eke = (HOTS. 30-3 92S Jo ePc= S13 TA25 BG-40 21S 7S t= ee =DULBI see. 40-45 425 35 in _ 4s-6 475 6 oO = Bs Ey = 85.52 se sO-6S 625 § . 85-10 625 0 Now cateutate the volume ofthe boaffies ee From mak boleves V = (eaead® (x (a54) = bike: 7 = \BODCW Hai, = IG Towle 5 ima 7 Se12~ 7 we \lolome of baffles, = 2 a Buea) = HBG cw eg PSS sec, —__@® 5 (a5 Wecer Aa—| bm —— Ba bk. c Gviom y= 32m = Gpie256 hac om one? Let us solve this with the chepersion model. We could also do the with the tanks-in-series model, Then from Eq 8 6-2 CPLAry ow Gel --. or Epreadvoe L So So -o 2 oh gt c peo, en or Se toe = 1024-256 or oS = VTAQ or Width = k © = M23 mg— ees '3-"7 Fire find the o* Gy this Pow ez A = (A26SXW oa niore = Bi24® From Fig IS: Dd, = 0.22 From Eg @: D2 (-D.\/dAd ous -3 2 ee (os = Berio) 2. D = = = O(2) 2 Bernie 8) = 22x 10°F Vado PVs 19082 ~ 294.5 see Bo the vadth ab 107 = Go4.syQay = 236m From 5/45 to 15/5 Fg 12 shons that this includes. C55 x2 67 of wid 2 the 5/95 ww IS /S% wath (Gee elon tana of one SUE IEEEEEEREEEEEE Ee2 |... Pilse A ae hes @ parfect pulse is mected. [Ee £ fae then find how for af VE AQ — upstieam from Grewmat “ AI OR ee bles — : “tt Geeordvig to any reasonable Flowd model (dispersion, tanks-in-series, o what have yoo) ot oS a from nor --. [124 5 [dictonce dounstresim ‘Hacer corve — \ point of myectibn, To (ofeurve From injection point & From the Cnemnati EL } : ‘ veadvig ~ Vhs = &L™ | Dinding one by the other & and. fom the Parnes a ys wh (ite) { solving for L ques readwia, L=272 nites Smee the domping may not be shstantonenus any locaken where LS272 mies ts suspect or Ashlanct onington tg Pomeroy f Note: This seluten assumes that Afferent stretches of the Ohio titer have tha same Flow & dispersion chavoctenshés (a reasonable assumption) ,@ thar no suspect tributary gains the Ohio within 272. wiles upstream from Cincinnati (a. poor assumption — check a map fov the locathin of Charleston W.Va. onthe Kanawale.) Fist calculate kk assummg plug Floos, then account for Arcgerscon 0) Find assuring plog Pow rs = For a. order reactin, €y20, we have 7 Grice Coo Cao -\ fer edn - bg MES = Te 4H) = 4.6 sec! mq. a)EO \S:U by Find 4a accoonting for deviation from plug flow according tothe Gomtonvedy dispersion. model 2 2 From the curveof fig'7 we find for Rep=2d0 & Eso De D be. -- this 2 295 ade ude The sie rato of real te plug How reactor, or what is equivalent, the ratio of the corresponding rate constants is found ecther Prom Fig 4 oc from 422 if the k ratio or the L vatto fs close to ony. Use 2q. 22. Then, fe D\_ D_\/_dp' cs gis -R yay? Convince yourself. c) Srror in assuming, flog flow = (Ese xtoos 11:% underestimate ~ & \O.1% For plug Flow wih Xp=0.999, ov Cp = 4.000 and Gp = 1000 e - kt . Gore or Eade 122 6.407% --. ov k= 0.6978 From Fig Ps So From Eq a : : 2371 7 6018) =] Se =er|Cke+ «e | = e¢| 618+ c Ss | ov = 0.00\\ 72. oC, ELIT <———_———_——_—_ —_—__Hel From 2y penmenr toh neo inkeugdlatuan, 0 Find the Variance & then N. ae aaae From Eqs 13:| and 1203 co Ste (@)+ 2Mo)45 (d+ 7l4d49C2) _lh So 2s0+ B44 42, a2) eye 0.23% = AbS tanks 4 oe From this Aguie i Ly covsant kt sto y = 09-4 — | disp. Vv ‘eGe MU toy Ure the tonks-iwsenes model Conta. Frome Eq. we fod a ke alte tanks E oF g From Equi & = ZS), Eat To fad the Ecvne make the avea vadev the curve owt or as chown \n Exauple (1:| SS EAue & aC Foe 7 EGhe ‘Now ello the method Sh Example WH now talovlate I my = 0.88———— a) Seas SON! conve Cd) Whi answer is mest rehable Naturally the diect use of the tracer curve 3 rebate ancwer In the problem the given RTD came from the persion model wily Da st. Thus wed) expect tar the Quewers To pasts a and €} chodld agree, They do, ———— wes Hae moshCid ISs1 Given, a Zero order reackirn Po eo Ee Fer plug Flow: Gee ace ov Grow For convective Flew E44 gives cp Ba O- HY = (-B8Vcon 15.3 for cecond avder and plug (ow Spr OOe Rept=as-1<24% — fey the convection model lef y= Ken? then Eq ll ques guess calevlate & ag Xa ao h ~ B In B)]-098 ay Oat ee ae o.abay \ sok 20 a577 oe Qeped conv ee = Bey trial Senor 2% Cece Dplog 4 : ee ee ee PMs, RE AR -QakQr 6s HUE LO mls me woh 1000 kaa C12 SONS § slot m7 Le 20m k= tomate Ay=lomm Fiver Fad ubich regime applies (see fig 2d Re dee : 221 (o01 1000 =100) ig 2 shows that the reacoy is in the ntermedate Serloory = 10%} regime behaeen the Lonuection lo end aispersion models, aa So overage the resoltsCi) iss Diepersion model Cont mved = > pe Mae . Coco? octet ad 142(10%) ee De Sater =02b ) From Fig 12:20 ut * Gencey I Beooze os XpeOTT® keCaat = Go" *YSO)(20/o,01) = 100 Convection model a Ty. kent econ A Gor | ET [I DE An (os cee) |= Yo 98 tEPIm(+ Z| FOOD OX RS ONBT O8184 OA8T a Asermgng gues = 0202 —q—_—______-