Professional Documents
Culture Documents
sion that to write means also to be written, "perspectives," "strategies," "horizon," "the
that to read is equal to being read and that wandering viewpoint," "protension," "re-
falsehood coincides with truth. It also tention," "perceptual noema," "ideation,"
follows that not being able to read a book to "gaps" or "blanks," "vacancies," "theme-
the end does not constitute the defeat of and-horizon structure," "negation,"
the reader as a consumer of literature; it is "negativity," "syntagmatic and paradigma-
rather the greatest victory he can hope for. tic axes," etc.and the complexity of his
It means he can free himself from the schema, summarizing remarks will be espe-
dulling effects of traditional reading and cially inadequate. In any case, Iser is
approach the literary text with a interested in describing "articulated read-
reawakened sensitivity and a new openness ing moments" and more generally the
of mind. interaction between a reader and a text,
which is not a reflection of any given
reality. (He is not concerned with retro-
Luciana Marchionne Picchione spective views, surely the basis for most
literary criticism.) It is this interaction
which produces the aesdietic object, and
the "meaning of a literary text" certainly is
not a "detachable message" but rather "a
dynamic happening." Such "a reader-
oriented theory," Iser admits, "is from the
WOLFGANG ISER very outset open to the criticism that it is a
The Act of Reading: A Theory of form of uncontrolled subjectivism"and
Aesthetic Response he continues to worry about "subjectivism"
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univer- from time to time throughout the book.
Very generally, Iser perceives within texts
sity Press, 1978. Pp. 239. $15.00. four "perspectives" (narrator, characters,
plot, as well as "intended reader," "a sort of
fictional inhabitant of the text") which are
The Act of Reading, which Wolfgang Iser intermittent and never coincide or mesh,
describes as "a book of Germanic but which the "wandering viewpoint" of the
phenomenology," is an outgrowth of two reader does interweave. Also, "gaps" occur
earlier essays, "Indeterminacy and the ("suspensions of connectability" between
Reader's Response in Prose Fiction" (Ger- textual or perspective segments), and these
man, 1970; English, 1971) and "The Read- stimulate the reader to "ideate": "By im-
ing Process: A Phenomenological Ap- peding textual coherence, the blanks trans-
proach," the concluding chapter in The form themselves into stimuli for acts of
Implied Reader (German, 1972; English, ideation," that is, imaginative activity or
1974). If at times ponderous, labyrinthine, production of meaning on the part of the
and puzzling, The Act of Reading is also reader. Though texts are inevitably "inde-
genuinely exciting and is properly labeled terminate," especially some modern ones,
by its published "an important and funda- Iser also explains that "consistency-building
mental work." The impressive number of is the indispensable basis for all acts of
sources, German and English (not French), comprehension." Some of his most il-
cited by Iser suggests that his work is in part luminating explanations are those on "ges-
a synthesis, though, of course, he argues talt coherence" (pp. 118-25). If I under-
against some of the points of his predeces- stand correctly, in the dynamic process of
sors, such as Stanley Fish, Norman Hol- reading, one gestalt gives way to another,
land, Simon O. Lesser, and Roman Ingar- closure depending on a particular reader's
den. The Act of Reading is also another sign selection. With Joyce, Beckett, and occa-
of the growing disenchantment with New sionally the nouveau roman in mind, Iser
Critical procedures and die seemingly end- offers brief but helpful comments on "a
less "readings" or "interpretations" of new mode of communication" in which an
novels: in his "Preface," Iser observes that "openness of structure" necessitates the
"one task of a theory of aesthetic response increased activity of the reader. And there
is to facilitate intersubjective discussion of is much more which even the most quarrel-
individual interpretations" and that "such some literary theorists should find engag-
an intention is a reaction to the spreading ing and for the most part, I hope, cogent.
dissatisfaction arising out of the fact that
text interpretation has increasingly become Possible limitations? After several read-
an end in itself." ings of Iser's book, I continue to worry
Brief Mentions 77