INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Cardiovascular Disease
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep

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KNOWMEDGE

INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Cardiovascular Disease

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 Question 1

What is the most common tumor

involving cardiac valves?

Answer 1

Papillary fibroelastoma
 Question 2

What is the most common presentation

in patients with papillary fibroelastoma?

Answer 2

Embolic phenomenon resulting in TIA,

stroke or MI
 Question 3

What is the most common cardiac tumor

in infants?

Answer 3

Rhabdomyomas
 Question 4

Which is the most common primary

cardiac tumor?

Answer 4

Myxomas
 Question 5

What is the treatment of choice in

patients with cardiac myxomas?

Answer 5

Surgical excision
 Question 6

What is the most common cause of

sudden death in young athletes?

Answer 6

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
 Question 7

What is the classic echo finding in

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve

 Question 8

Which drug class is contraindicated in

the management of multifocal atrial
tachycardia (MAT)?

Answer 8

Beta blockers
 Question 9

What is the drug of choice for beta

blocker overdose?

Answer 9

IV Glucagon
 Question 10

What is the target INR when warfarin is

used as the oral anticoagulant in patients
with atrial fibrillation?

Answer 10

2.0 to 3.0
 Question 11

As per USPTF, which age group will

benefit the most with daily aspirin 81 mg
for primary prevention of myocardial
infarction?

Answer 11

Men aged 45 - 79 yrs

 Question 12

Which CYP enzyme polymorphism is

most important in activation of
clopidogrel?

Answer 12

CYP2C19
 Question 13

What is the target receptor of

thienopyridine drugs?

Answer 13

ADP receptors of P2Y12 subtype

 Question 14

What is the most significant risk factor of

the thienopyridine drug Ticlopidine?

Answer 14

Life-threatening agranulocytosis
 Question 15

What is the role of thrombolytic therapy

in spontaneous coronary artery
dissection (SCAD)?

Answer 15

Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated

in SCAD
 Question 16

HIT develops due to autoantibodies

against which antigen?

Answer 16

Platelet factor 4 present on platelet

surface
 Question 17

What is generally the most accurate way

to make a diagnosis of retroperitoneal
bleeding?

Answer 17

Emergent noncontrast CT scan of the

abdomen
 Question 18

Infarction of which wall most commonly

produces papillary muscle dysfunction?

Answer 18

Inferior wall MI
 Question 19

Which drug is contraindicated in patient

of erectile dysfunction on
phosphodiesterase inhibitors?

Answer 19

Nitrates
 Question 20

Which drug is used to prevent

scleroderma renal crisis?

Answer 20

ACE Inhibitors
 Question 21

Which antifibrotic agent is used in

treatment of systemic sclerosis?

Answer 21

D-penicillamine
 Question 22

Which drug when used in treatment of

pericarditis can lead to relapse or
recurrent pericarditis?

Answer 22

Steroids
 Question 23

For bare-mental stents, the minimum

duration of dual antiplatelet therapy
(aspirin and clopidogrel) is _____
month(s) post-stent implantation.

Answer 23

1 month
 Question 24

If elective noncardiac surgery is

recommended for a patient with recent
bare metal stenting, it should be delayed
until ____ weeks after the stent was
placed.

Answer 24

4 weeks
 Question 25

According to ACCP guidelines on

antithrombotic therapy recommend
resuming aspirin approximately ___
hours after surgery when there is
adequate hemostasis.

Answer 25

24 hours (or the next morning)

 Question 26

Which drug is used to coat DES?

Answer 26

Sirolimus
 Question 27

What is the minimum duration of double

antiplatelet therapy in case of drug
eluting stents?

Answer 27

At least 12 months
 Question 28

How long should clopidogrel be

continued when a patient with chronic
stable angina undergoes a PCI with
placement of a bare metal stent?

Answer 28

At least 1 month
 Question 29

How long after PCI should aspirin be

continued?

Answer 29

Indefinitely
 Question 30

How is risk stratification done in patients

with unstable angina?

Answer 30

Stress testing & TIMI score

 Question 31

What is the target INR for mechanical

MV prosthesis?

Answer 31

2.5 to 3.5 maintained indefinitely

 Question 32

What is the treatment of choice for

patients with MVP who develop
transient ischemic attacks?

Answer 32

Aspirin
 Question 33

What is the treatment of choice in a

symptomatic patient with severe MS &
MR?

Answer 33

Mitral valve replacement

 Question 34

What is the treatment of choice in a

pregnant woman with symptomatic
mitral stenosis?

Answer 34

Percutaneous Mitral Balloon

Valvuloplasty (PMBV)
 Question 35

Hemoptysis is associated with which

valvular heart disease?

Answer 35

Mitral stenosis
 Question 36

What is the maximal predicted heart rate

during a cardiac stress test?

Answer 36

220 - age in years

 Question 37

What are the 4 pharmacological

stressors which can be used in stress
test?

Answer 37

Dobutamine, adenosine, dipyridamole,

regadenoson
 Question 38

Which is the initial diagnostic test to

confirm MR?

Answer 38

Echocardiography
 Question 39

What is the most common mutation

seen in patients with HOCM?

Answer 39

Beta-myosin heavy chain mutations

 Question 40

How do you prevent sudden death in

high risk patients of HOCM?

Answer 40

ICD implantation
 Question 41

What is the most common congenital

heart valve defect?

Answer 41

Bicuspid aortic valve disease

 Question 42

What is the characterisic pulse felt in

patients with aortic stenosis?

Answer 42

Pulsus parvus et tardus

 Question 43

What is the most common congenital

cyanotic heart disease?

Answer 43

Tetrology of Fallot
 Question 44

What are the four components of

tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 44

- VSD
- overriding aorta
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy
 Question 45

Continuous machinery like murmur is

seen with which congenital heart
disease?

Answer 45

Patent ductus arteriosus

 Question 46

Which maternal infection predisposes

her fetus to develop PDA?

Answer 46

Maternal rubella
 Question 47

Which drug causes closure of small

PDAs?

Answer 47

NSAIDs like indomethacin

 Question 48

Which murmurs decrease with squatting

and passive leg raise?

Answer 48

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral

valve prolapse
 Question 49

Which cardiac condition presents with

fixed split of second heart sound?

Answer 49

Atrial septal defect

 Question 50

What is the most common type of atrial

septal defect (ASD)?

Answer 50

Ostium secundum defect

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