(

),
.

To ,
.
,

. ,
.


( )
( . )
( . ,
).

,
.

, (

).

,
(

).
,
. , ,
, .
 , .
(.. )

,
, .

(
),

. , ( )
, ,
.


a
Ff
= st
b
c N

S c
b

( 1
, 120 .
.
( ..
).
,

.


(...) ...




F f ( )
B f ( ) F f ( )
c a b c a b c a b c
c a b c a b c a b c


ns
ns


4 Nf
F f ( ) = K wf I f cos = F fm cos
P
, , .

,

,
...
,
, .
B f ( ) = B fm cos

( )
Ff ,
Bf
ns .

= st
,
a a , .

3 4 N ph
... , FAm
= K wa I m
( ) ... 2 P

, .
... ,
... .

...
FR ( )
F f ( ) FR = Ff + FA FR
FA ( )

Ff ns
c a b c a b c a b c

ns (a a)
FA


( )

s
,
a +a

B f ( ) d ds
ns .
,
c a b c a b c a b c
,



.
,
.
( )
4
af = f sin t f = B fm lr
P
( ),
Faraday
d af
eaf = = N ph f
d
( sin t ) = N ph f cos t = E m cos t
dt dt

Em N ph f
Ef = = = 4.44 fN ph f
2 2
 H () ,
s
( ), 90o .
f ... ,
.
Ff
( ),
f . , ...
aa Ef
,
,
.
,

ns
,
. ,
.. .

,
,


.


,
.
P o Dl
= F fm FAm sin sr

2 2 g

P Dl P Dl
= o
F fm FRm sin r = o
FAm FRm sin s
2 2g 2 2g
,
.
P P
2 2
= R F fm sin r = R FAm sin s
22 22

(Nm)

... + Tmax
. ,
180o 90o
0 + 90o + 180o r
,
r, Tmax

.
 ...
-
( ),
.

,
.
... 90
.
...
... ( ) 90 .


( a a )
F f ( ) ns
FA ( )
R
f
c a b c a b c a b c Ff
FR

FA A Ia Ef
=0
( a a)
FR ( )

ns
 -
.
, ...
... (90 + )

( a a ) ns
F f ( )
FA ( )
f
c a b c a b c a b c Ff R
FR

Ef

FA (a a)
FR ( ) A
Ia
ns
 -
.
, ...
( ), .
... , ...
, (90 ) .


( a a )
F f ( ) FR ( )
ns R

a c a b a c FR
c b c b f

Ff Ia
A
FA

FA ( )
Ef

(a a)
ns

,
.

,

 -
:
( ), .
:
,

, .
, ...
90 .
...
... ( ) 90
.



( a a )
F f ( ) FA ( )
ns

R f
c a b c a b c a b c
FR
Ff

= 180 o I a A FA Ia Ef
FR ( )
(a a)

ns
 -

.
... ...
(90 ) .

ns
( a a ) R
F f ( )
FA ( )
FR f

c a b c a b c a b c Ia Ff

A
FA
Ef
(a a)
FR ( ) Ia

ns
 -
.
... , ...
, (90 + ) .

F f ( ) ( a a )
ns
FA ( ) FR ( )

f

c a b c a b c a b c R
Ff
FR

Ef
FA (a a)
A
Ia

ns
,

.

,
 : H
( )
:
.
:
.
:
...
,
...
90 .

:
... 90 .
,
. , ...
... .

:
... 90 . ,

, ...
... .

,
FR ,
Ff
.
ns
,
, .

(a a)
... ,
FA ...
.

, R = f + A

.

... Im
... ,
A
90 . Ef
f R

E R = Ef + E A
EA
ER
ER = ... R ( ), (V)
Re
EA = ... A , (V)
Ia
ra = .
xal = , .
( ,
,
,
xal )
... EA ,
90 . E A = jK A A = jx a I a
A Ia.

E R = Va + (ra + jx al )I a

Ef =ER + jxa I a =Va + I a (ra + jxs )

E R = Va (ra + jx al )I a

Ef =ER jxa I a =Va I a (ra + jxs )

x s = x a + x al = (
).

,
.
:
,
: 180 .

.

. Va = E R

.. ..
..
 .. ( )

(R) ,
(A) 180
(f) .

, ,

.
 ..

, (A)
(f)
(R),
.
,
.

,
.
 .. ( )
(A)
(f).

, .
,
,
.

, ...
, 180
.
, ..,

.

.. ..
..


..
. , (
),
.

,
..
. ,
(
), .

, (
), ( ,
).
(
) ,
.

( ,
. ,
).
( )

Pin = T s Pint PL = 3Va I a cos Pin = 3Va I a cos + V f I f Pint PL = T s

Pw, c PCu , f = V f I f PCu = 3I a2 ra PCu = 3I a2 ra + V f I f Pw, c



{
Pint = 3 Re E f I *a }
E f Va E f Va
Ia = =
ra + jx s zs
E 2f E f Va E 2f E f Va
Pint = Re{S int } = 3 cos cos( + ) Qint = Im{S int } = 3 sin sin( + )
zs zs zs zs

Va E f Va2 Va E f Va2
PL = Re{S L } = 3 cos( ) cos Q L = Im{S L } = 3 sin( ) sin
zs zs zs zs

Qint = Q L + I a2 x s Pint = PL + I a2 ra

,
ra << x s

:
Va E f
Pint = PL = 3 sin = Pmax sin
xs

E 2f E f Va Va E f Va2
Qint =3 cos Q L = 3 cos
zs zs
s z z s

,
( ).
Pint
( + Pmax

).
, 180o 90 o
+ 90 o + 180o
.
3E f V a
Pmax =
xs Pmax

Pint3 Va E f 3 E f Va
T= = sin = Tmax sin Tmax =
s s xs s xs
T
,
+ Tmax
.
Tmax Pmax,
, 180o 90 o
+ 90 o + 180o
,
.
Tmax

,

,
.
( T (Nm)

), + Tmax

,
ns
. , n(rpm)

-
Tmax
.


,
.
,
.

rin Vdc
rin = 2ra ra = =
2 2 I dc

2r 3rin 2Vdc
rin = ra // 2ra = a ra = =
3 3 3I dc

, ,
. ,
.

ns , -
. If
.
, ,

,Va ( I a = 0) = E f
, E f = f ( I f ) I , (OCC)
a =0

, -

Ef . ,
OCC
...
Va ,no
.
, .
If,

I f If
.

, (
, ). ,
. , ,
.


,
.
,
,
.

, I a = f ( I f ) Va =0 , (SCC)

E f (V )
,
I a ( A)
OCC SCC
Va ,no
. ,
ra << xs , ,


I sc

I sc
.
I f I f I f ( A)
 T



90 ,

.

, 10-20%
, , ER I a x al x al
Va =0 = =
10-20% . Ef I a xs xs
.

, 150%
,
, .

,
Va ,no Va ,no
z s , sat = I f = I f z s ,unsat = I f = I f

I sc
I sc

x s , sat = z s2, sat ra2 x s ,unsat = z s2,unsat ra2



E f (V ) I a ( A) (SCR).
OCC SCC

Va ,no A ,
I a , no

A .
I f
SCR =
I f
O I f I f I f ( A)

.. SCR =
1
zs , sat ( pu )

, , 1
SCR =
x s , sat ( pu )
.

: SCR ..
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
 V
, ,
,
.
, .
,
.

3 Va E f
=T sin =
E f sin .
s xs

:
,
(Ef sin) .

I a cos = .

, ,

, .

Im

f f . cos
Ef 3 Ef 2 Ef1

E f cos = .
( RL R)
I a3
1 jxs I a1 .
Ia2 ,
1 Va Re


I a cos = .
. ..
I a1 , RC,

.
, f

I a ( A)

M ..
,
0.75
0.5

.
0.25

,
90
.
,
,
, I f ( A)
.


Im ra , P in = P e m .

( )
I a1 f . Vf ( V = .)

V,
I a cos = .
1 Ia2 Va

1
jxs I a1 Re .

Ef 3 Ef 2
I a3 Ef1
f Ef .
E f cos = .
V

I a ( A)

M ..
0.75 .
0.5 (. = 1)
0.25 , f

I f ( A)



,
,
.
V .

.
,
.
,
,
90 . , ,
.

,
. , = 0 Va = E a
= 0. :

f = . , n = .
. V Ea
Ia = a
, jx s
.
Im Im
Ia
=0 =0
,
jxs I a
,
jxs I a

Va Ef Re Ef Va Re
.
Ia
, : S in = Va I *a = 3Va 0 o I a 90 o = j 3Va I a
, .
, .
, 90
.
: S in = Va I *a = 3Va 0 o I a + 90 o = + j 3Va I a
, .

, ,
.., .

( ), :
,



PCu ,max = 3I a2,max ra + I 2f ,max r f
( ).
,
( ),
, .
S no = 3 V p ,no I a ,max = 3V ph ,no I a ,no

ns = ct, .
,
. ,
PCu,
.
, PCu
.
,
.
 ( )
S
jQ
S

I
Va E f 3Va E f 3Va2
f S = P + jQ = 3 sin + j cos

xs
A
S
B If xs xs

3Va2 Q
xs
O
, Ef
P P ,
O f .
O 3VaEf /xs ,
3Va E f P
xs Ef

, f .
= 90o O S=3VaIa
<0 >0 ,
.

f
( )
. , ,
.
A B f ,
,
.

( ),
,
.

, .
,
.

, ,
.


,
.. .
, ,
,
ns, .

,
,
, ,
.


, ,
.
ns , ,
,
.
ns ,
.
,
.

,
.
:

AC/DC/AC

.
 T

,

.
,
, .
,
.
ns ,
.

,
.
ns ,

,
.

,

.
,
.

, AC/DC/AC.

,
,
( V/f)
V
= .
f

T ,
../../..

V f

(V/f = ct.),

.
,
.

,
.
,
.

b ,
c
N

S c .
b

,
.

: (
)


,
(
),
180o (
90o).

, ,
, 90o.
 ,
I , 90o
, f

...
,

.
,


,
.
,

,

.
 xd = (
E A = Ed + Eq

E d = jx d I d xq = (

E q = jx q I q ,
.

x d = xl + x ad x q = xl + x aq

xad = , ()
xaq = , ()
xl = , ()

xd > xq

d
jxd I d jxq I q Iq Ef
ra I a Ia
+ + q

+
Va jxq I q
Ef E+ Va
f Id
Ia ra I a
jxd I d

E f = Va + ra I a + jx d I d + jx q I q

I q = I a cos( + ) E f = Va cos + ra I q + x d I d
I d = I a sin( + )
Va sin + ra I d = x q I q

,
, .
, .
E f = Va + ra I a + j ( x d x q )I d + jx q I d + jx q I q = E qd + j ( x d x q )I d

E qd = Va + ra I a + jx q I a

, Edq Ef
Edq ,
.
,

d

Iq Eqd Ef
q
jxq I a
Va jxq I q jxq I q
Id
Ia ra I a
jxq I d j ( xd xq )I d
 Ef Edq,
.

, , ,
... Edq

ra jxq Ia
+
Eqd +
Va

,
.
Edq,

E qd = E f ( x d x q ) I d

x d x q ( ), E qd = E f

d
Iq Eqd Ef
(OA) = Va + ra I a cos + x q I a sin
O B
jxq I a q

Va jxq I q jxq I q ( AB ) = x q I a cos ra I a sin
Id

Ia ra I a ( AB ) x q I a cos ra I a sin
jxq I d j ( xd xq )I d tan = =
A (OA) Va + ra I a cos + x q I a sin

E f Va cos Va sin
Id = Iq =
xd xq

Va sin = x q I a (cos cos sin sin )

cos
I a X q cos
1
= tan
Va + I a X q sin

, , ra = 0

T ,
, I

ra I a
jxd I d jxq I q Va = E f + ra I a + jx d I d + jx q I q
Ia
+ +

+ Va = E qd + ra I a + jx q I a
+ E
Va f
E qd = E f + j ( x d x q )I a

d Va

jxq I a jxq I q

Ef Eqd I a X q cos
1
ra I a = tan
Iq ra I a q Va I a X q sin
j ( xd xq )I d jxq I q

Id Ia


(
S = 3Va I *a = 3Va I d + I q )*
( )
= 3 Va I *d + Va I *q = P + jQ

R ,

{ } {
Pint= 3Re Va I*a = 3Re Va I*d + Va I*q }

3Va E f 3Va2 ( x d x q )
Pint = sin + sin 2
xd 2 xd xq

P int , f



. ( ).

O ,
,

.
x d = x q
 Pint

+ Pmax
, Pmax


,
.

180o 90o 0 90 o 180 o H

,
P max

Pmax ,


.

Pint 3Va E f 3Va2 Xd Xq

T= = sin + sin 2
s s X d 2 s Xd Xq


R ,

....

, :

...
,
....

xd xq ,
.

ns,
. ,
... ,
.
 Vmax Vmin T I

.
max

I max
I min ... min

....


,

.
,
,
( ).

Vmax Vmin
, d x = xq =
I min I max
xd xq , :
:
,
. ,
.


.
( ,
),
,

1. / (),
.
2. ,

3. ,
.
4. / , .
 ,
.

,
, .

L1
L2 ,
L3 .
V :
,
1 2 3
.

,
A
V Rf
+ .
/ Lf Vf