Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Draft for Public Comment Form 36 Version 7.0 DPC: 07/90167174 DC British Standards Hoad otfico 389 Chiswick High Road Date: 7 June 2007 London Wa 4a Telephone: +44(0320 996 9000, ‘Origin: ntemattonal Fax: +44{0}20 6996 7001 Latest date for receipt of comments: 30 September 2007 Project no: 2007/01476 Responsible committee: PEL/38 Instrument transformers Interested committees: PEL/038 Title: Draft BS EN 61869-2 IEC 61869-2 Instrument transformers Part 2 : Specific requirement for current transformers. Supersession information: If this document is published as a standard, the UK implementation of it will supersede NONE and partially supersede. NONE If you are aware of a current national standard which may be affected, please notify the secretary (contact details below). WARNING: THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A BRITISH STANDARD. THIS DRAFT IS NOT CURRENT BEYOND 30 September 2007. This draft is issued 10 allow comments from interested parties; all comments will be given consideration prior to publication. No acknowledgement will normally be sent. See overleat for information on commenting. No copying is allowed, in any form, without prior written permission from BSI except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 or for circulation within a nominating organization for briefing purposes. Electronic circulation is limited to dissemination by e-mail within such an organization by committee members. Further copies of this draft may be purchased from BSI Customer Services, Tel: +44(0) 20 8996 9001 or email orders@bsi-global.com. British, International and foreign standards are also available from BS! Customer Services. British Standards on CD or Online are available from British Standards Publishing Sales Limited, Tel: 01344 404409 or email bsonline@techindex.co.uk, Information on the co-operating organizations represented on the committees referenced above may be obtained from the responsible committee secretary. Cross-references ‘The British Standards which implement International or European publications referred to in this draft may be found via the British Standards Online Service on the BSI web site hitpz/www.bsi-alobal. com. Responsible Committee Secretary: Mr Ciaran Molloy (BS!) Direct tel: 020 8996 7298 E-mail: ciaran,molloy@bsi-global.comBSI introduction Shis draft standard is based on international discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your comments on this draft are welcome and will assist in the preparation of the consequent standard, If no comments are received Be the contrary, then the UK will approve this draft. gies is a high probability that this text could be adopted by CENELEC as a reference document for harmonization Boras a European Standard. Recipients of this draft are requested to comment on the text bearing in mind this, possibility. 5 8uk vote 5 Please indicate whether you consider the UK should submit a negative (with reasons) or positive vote on this draft. S submission The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all comments receive efficient and appropriate attention by the tesponsible BSI commites. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected. Sal comments must be submitted, preferably electronically, to the Responsible Committee Secretary at the address given on the front cover. Comments should be compatible with Version 6.0 ot Version 97 of Microsoft® Word for Windows™. if possible; otherwise comments in ASCII text format are acceptable. Any comments not submitted Gelectronically should still adhere to these format requirements. = All comments submitted should be presented as given in the example below. Further information on submiting comments and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a comment form are available from the BSI web site at: $5 htp:/wnw.bsi-global.com/eni/Standards-and-Publications/Current-work/DPCs! RK ‘Template for comments and secretariat observations [ Date: xx200x _| Document: ISO/DIS 1000 dv 2 @ 2 5 © w ms | clausoNo/ | Paragraph’ | Type of ] Comment justification for | Proposed change by the ‘Secretariat sh] Subotause | FigurerTabie! | com ‘change) by the MB. mB observations 3 Nos Noto ment fn each comment 4 annex | (e.g. Table *) ‘submited 3 (9.34) Sen elyrn | ae f thatthe Z fe bantyng eit anieh no 3 K } : & o ea 4p vsplaire Uv ptotomplt | bltleforenddio uw 4 five eannet 3 Surporiod ag afous robe, fare beon pnoouired is, seine Ue -Siterosot and MS-00S ar ogtored vadomas, ard Windows radomark of Most Corporation. 2 3 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University38/357A/CD COMMITTEE DRAFT (CD) TECITC or SC: Pisject number 38 IEC 61869-2 Ed.1 Title of TOSG: Dato of circulation Closing date for commants Instrument transformers 2007-04-27 (2007-04-13) | 2007-07-13 ‘leo of interest to the following committe Supersedes document 4, 10, 17, 17A, 17C, 28, 95, 99, 112 = Functions concerned! safer ewe 1 Environment Ll __ auality assurance ‘Secretary THIS DOCUMENT 1S STILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO F. Frugoni (Italy) (CHANGE, |T SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES, RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY AELEVANT PATENT, SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION, Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Title: IEC 61869-2 Ed.1: Instrument transformers - Part 2: Specific requirement for current transformers Introductory note Please note that this A version contains, at the end p.44, the manuscript of the future FDIS for project IEC 61869-1 Ed.1. This document supersedes 38/357/CD, the closing date for commenting remains unchanged. Copyright © 2007 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole Purpose of preparing National Committee positions. You may not copy or “mirror” the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC, FORM CD (IEC) 2002-08-08Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X 38/357A/CD CONTENTS FOREWORD... 1 Scope... 2 Normative references 3° Definitions 3.1. general definitions 3.2. definitions related to accuracy 3.3. Definitions related to dielectric ratings... 3.4 Definitions related to current ratings 3.5 Definitions related to other ratings... 3.6 Definitions rotated to gas insulation 37 4 Normal and special service conditions 4.1 General 4.2. Normal service conditions ........- 4.2.1 Ambient air temperature 42.2 Altitude.. > 4.23 Vibrations or earth tremors oo 4.2.4 Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers 4.2.5 Other service conditions for outdoor instrument transformers 16 4.3 Special service conditions....... 4.3.1 General 4.3.2 Altitude.. Basse 4.33 | Ambient temperature 16 4.3.4. Vibrations or earth tremors 16 4.3.5 Earthquakes... 4.4 System earthing 5 Ratings... 5.1 General... 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment. 5.3. Rated insulation levels .. 5.3.1. General 5.3.2 Rated primary terminal insulation level . 5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation 5.3.4 Betwaen-section insulation requirements.. 5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals. 5.3.200Inter-turn insulation requirements .. 5.4 Rated frequency. 5.5 Rated output 5.6 Rated accuracy class . 5.6.200Measuring current transformers. 5.6.201 Protective current transformer: . 5.200 Standard values of rated primary current. 24 5.200.1 Single ratio transformers .. 5.200.2Multi-ratio transformersLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X 38/357A/CD 5.201 Standard values of rated secondary currents 5.202 Rated continuous thermal current... 5.203 Short-time current ratings 5.203.1Rated short-time thermal current (/th) 22 5.203.2Rated dynamic current (Idyn) Design and construction 6.1. Requirements for liquids used in equipment 6.1.1 General sen 6.1.2 Liquid quality. 6.1.3 Liquid level device. 6.1.4 Liquid tightness . 6.2. Requirements for gases used in equipment. 62.1 General 6.2.2 Gas quality... 62.3 Gas monitoring device 6.2.4 Gas tightness 62.5 Pressure relief device 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment . 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components 2 6.4.1 General 642 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment...... 65.1 General , 7 6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure 65.3 Electrical continuity 6.6 Requirements for the external insulation 6.6.1 Pollution 66.2 | Altitude: 67 Mechanical requirements... 6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals 6.9 _ Internal arc fault protection requirements 6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures. 6.10.1 General 6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects. 6.10.3. Protection against ingress of water 6.10.4 Indoor instrument transformers 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers 6.10.8 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal service conditions. 6.11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 6.11.1 General 6.11.2. Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV). 6.11.3 Requirements for immunity 6.11.4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages.... 6.12 Corrosion 6.13. Markings . sic 613.200 Terminal markings - General rules 23 6.13.201 Rating plate markings ....Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X 38/357A/CD 6.13.202 Marking ofthe rating plate of a measuring current transformer.. 6.13.203 Marking ofthe rating plate of a class P protective current transformer. 25 6.13.204 Marking of the rating plate of class PR protective current transformers. 25 6.13.205 Marking ofthe rating plate of clase PX protective curent transformers... . 3. 6.14 Fire hazard. 7 Tests.. 7.1 General. 7.1.1 Classification of tests 71.2 List of tests. 7.1.3. Sequence of tests, 7.2. Type tests... 7.2.1 General 7.22 Temperature-tise test 7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals 7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers. 7.2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests ... 7.2.8 Test for accuracy 7.2.7 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures 7.2.8 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature... 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosur 7.2.200Short-time current test 7.3 Routine tests . 7.3.1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals . 7.3.2 Partial discharge measurement .. 7.333 /|Power-frequency voltage withsiand tests between sections 7.3.4 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals. 7.3.5 Test for accuracy... 7.3.6 Verification of markings .. 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure 7.3,200inter-turn overvoltage test. 7.4 Special tests 7.4.1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals .. 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals 7.4.3. Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor. 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test 7.4.5 Mechanical tests... 7.4.8 Internal arc fault test 7.4.7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures... 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test 7.4.9 Corrosion test....... 7.4.10 Fire hazard test 7.5 Sample tests 8 Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance . 9 Safety.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -5- 38/357A/CD 10 Influence of products on the natural environment 36 Annex A (Normative) Protective current transformers... 37 A201. Vector diagram 37 A.202 Turns correction .. 37 A203 The error triangle 38 A.204 Composite error. 38 A.205 Direct test for composite error eevee 39 A.208 Alternative method for the direct measurement of composite error 40 A.207 Use of composite error .. . csseetceseee 40 Annex B. 42 TABLES Table 200.1 — Limits of current error and phase displacement for measuring current transformers (classes from 0.1 to 1). 18 Table 200.2 — Limits of current error and phase displacement for measuring current transformers for special application 19 Table 200.3 — Limits of current error for measuring current transformers (classes 3 and 5) 19 Table 200.4 ~ Limits of error for protective current transformers .. Table 200.6 — Limits of error for class PR protective current transformers. Table 200.6 ~ Markings of terminals Table 200.7 — List of tests...Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -6- 38/357A/CD ) 2) 3) 4 5) 8) n 8) 9) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS Part 2: Specific requirement for current transformers FOREWORD The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Is a worldulde organization for standardization comprising all national slactrotechnical committees (IEC National Committess). The object of IEC is to promote Intemational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereatter referred to as. ‘IEC Publication(s)"), Thelr preparation is entrusted to technical committaes; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this. proparatory work. Intornational, governmental and non- ‘governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by ‘Agreement Lelwean the twa erganizations. The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, a¢ nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the rolavant subjects since each technical committe has representation from all inlerested IEC National Committees IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for International use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misintorpretation by any end user. In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly Indicated in the latter. IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any ‘equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. All usors should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication No lability shall be attached to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents Including individual experts ‘and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property ‘damage oF other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether ditect or indirect, or for costs (Including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, uso of, or roliance upon, this IEC Publication of any othar IEC Publications. ‘Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is ‘essential for the correct application of this publication. ‘Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights, IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X 38/357A/CD This International Standard IEC 61869-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 38: Instrument transformers. TC 38 decided to restructure the whole set of stand-alone Standards in the IEC 60044-x series and transform it into a new set of standards composed of General Requirements documents and Specific Requirements documents, This Standard is the first issue of this new series and can be regarded as a Product Family standard. It contains the General Requirements for Instrument Transformers and shall be read together with the relevant Specific Requirements Standard for the instrument transformer concerned. An overview of the planned set of Standards is given below: PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARDS PRopucT |pRopuCTS OLD STANDARD STANDARD 61869-2 CURRENT 60044-1 TRANSFORMERS. 61869-3 INDUCTIVE 6044-2 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS 61869-4 COMBINED 6004-3 TRANSFORMERS 61869-5 CAPACITIVE 6044-5 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS 61869-1 61869-6 CURRENT 60044-6 GENERA TRANSFORMERS REQUIREMENTS FOR _ TRANSIENT FOR INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE TRANSFORMERS 61869-9 61369-7 ELECTRONIC 6044-7 VOLTAGE ADDITIONAL TRANSFORMERS REQUIREMENTS AND DIGITAL | 61869-8 ELECTRONIC 6044-8 INTERFACE FOR CURRENT ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMERS INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, 61869-10 | LOW-POWER STAND-ALONE, CURRENT SENSORS This Standard covers all general requirements formerly found in the stand-alone standards of the 60044-X series. Additionally, it introduces some tachnical innovations:Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X © requirements for gas-insulated instrument transformers * additional special tests ‘© requirements for internal are fault protection requirements for degrees of protection by enclosure * requirements for re: lance to corrosion + requirements for safety and environmental concerns The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 2aDXIFDIS, 38pOURVD) Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2011-12. At this date, the publication will be + reconfirmed, + withdrawn, + replaced by a revised.edition, or + amended.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -9- 38/357A/CD INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS Part 1: General Requirements 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to free-standing current transformers and current transformers for gas insulated substations with analogue or digital output for use with electrical measuring instruments or/and electrical protective devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz NOTE: In many cases, the currant transformers ara directly integrated in the GIS. In this case, they can be ‘considered a8 LV current transformers, without primary winding, and all insulation characteristics. aro. the responsibility of the GIS manufacturer. The specific clauses refer fo current transformers supplied In separate compartments or mounted on the GIS (6. in MV applications) 2 Normative references §2 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EC 60044-6:1992, Instrument transformers ~ Part 6: Requirements for protective current transformers for transient performance. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1 general definitions. 3.4.1 instrument transformer 3.4.2 enclosure 3.1.3. primary terminals 3.1.4 secondary terminals 3.1.5 secondary circuit 3.4.6 section 3.1.200 current transformer an instrument transformer in which the secondary current, in normal conditions of use, is sub- stantially proportional to the primary current and differs in phase from it by an angle which is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of the connections (HEV 321-02-01] 3.1.201 measuring current transformer a current transformer intended to supply indicating instruments, integrating meters and similar apparatusLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -10- 38/357A/CD 3.1.202 protective current transformer a current transformer intended to supply protective relays 3.1.203 class PR protective current transformer a current transformer with limited remanence factor for which, in some cases, a value of the secondary loop time constant and/or a limiting value of the winding resistance may also be specified 3.1.204 class PX protec a transformer of low leakage reactance for which knowledge of the transformer secondary excitation characteristic, secondary winding resistance, secondary burden resistance and turns ratio is sufficient to assess its performance in relation to the protective relay system with which it is to be used e current transformer 3.1.205 multi-ratio current transformer current transformer on which more ratios are obtained by connecting the primary winding sections in series or parallel or by means of taps on the secondary winding 3.2 definitions related to accuracy 3.2.1. actual transformation ratio (k) 3.2.2 rated transform: ion ratio (k,) 3.2.3. ratio error (current error) (¢) § 3.2.3 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The current error expressed in per cent is given by the formula: (Knls Ip) x 100 Current error % : where Kk, Is the rated transformation ratio; Jp Is the actual primary current; 1, is the actual secondary current when [p is flowing, under the conditions of measurement 3.2.4 phase displacement (Ag) 3.2.5 accuracy class 3.2.6 burden 3.2.7 rated burden 3.2.8 rated output 3.2.200 rated resistive burden (Ri) rated value of the secondary connected resistive burden in ohms. 3.2.201 secondary winding resistance (Re) secondary winding d.c. resistance in ohms corrected to 75 °C or such other temperature as may be specifiedLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -11- 38/357A/CD 3.2.202 composite error” under steady-state conditions, the r.m.s. value of the difference between: a) the instantaneous values of the primary current, and b) the instantaneous values of the actual secondary current multiplied by the rated transformation ratio, the positive signs of the primary and secondary currents corres- ponding to the convention for terminal markings. The composite error e¢ Is generally expressed as a percentage of the r.m.s. values of the primary current according to the formula: 100 (Ti i -ipiat te A Ly ole boat where K,, is the rated transformation ratio Jp is the r.m.s. value of the primary current; jp_is the instantaneous value or the primary current; i, is the instantaneous value of the secondary current; T is the duration of one cycle. 3.2.203 rated instrument limit primary current (IPL) the value of the minimum primary current at which the composite error of the measuring current transformer is equal {0 or greater than 10 %, the secondary burden being equal to the rated burden NOTE The composite error should be greater than 10 %, in order to protect the apsaratus supplied by the instrument traneformer againet the high currents produced in the event of eystem foul. 3.2.204 instrument security factor (FS) the ratio of rated instrument limit primary current to the rated primary current NOTE 1, Attention should be paid tothe fact that the actual instrument security factor is affected by the burden, NOTE 2. In the event of system fault currents flowing through the primary winding of/@ current transformer, the safety of the apparatus suppliad by the transformer is greatest when the value of the rated instrument security factor (FS) Is small 3.2.205 secondary limiting e.m.f the product of the instrument security factor FS, the rated secondary current and the vectorial sum of the rated burden and the impedance of the secondary winding NOTE 4 The method by which the secondary limiting e.m-t is calculated will give a higher value than the real one, It wae choeen in order to apply the same test method as in 7.9.5,201 and 7.2.6.201 for protective current transformers. Other methods may be used by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. NOTE 2. For calculating the secondary limiting e.m-., the secondary winding resistance should be corrected to 2 tomperature of 75 °C. 3.2.206 rated accuracy limit primary current the value of primary current up to which the transformer will comply with the requirements for composite error 3.2.207 accuracy limit factor the ratio of the rated accuracy limit primary current to the rated primary current, * See annexe ALicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -12- 38/357A/CD 3.2.208 secondary limiting e.m-f. the product of the accuracy limit factor, the rated secondary current and the vectorial sum of the rated burden and the impedance of the secondary winding 3.2.209 saturation flux (‘/s) that peak value of the flux which would exist in a core in the transition from the non-saturated to the fully saturated condition and deemed to be that point on the B-H characteristic for the core concerned at which a 10 % increase in B causes H to be increased by 50 % 3.2.210 remanent flux (‘r) that value of flux which would remain in the core 3 min after the interruption of an exciting current of sufficient magnitude to induce the saturation flux (') 3.2.211 remanence factor (K,) the ratio K, = 100 x ¥;,/ ¥%, expressed as a percentage (%) 3.2.242 rated secondary loop time constant (T,) value of the time constant of the secondary loop of the current transformer obtained from the sum of the magnetizing and the leakage inductance (Ls) and the secondary loop resistance (Rs) Te= bs! Re 3.2.243 excitation characteristic 2 graphical or tabular presentation of the relationship between the r.m.s. value of the exciting current and a sinusoidal r.m.s. e.m-f. applied to the secondary terminals of a current transformer, the primary and other windings being open-circuited, over a range of values, sufficient to define the characteristics from low levels of excitation up to the rated knee point emf. 3.2.214 rated kn point e.m.f. (E,) that minimum sinusoidal emf. (r.m.s.) at rated power frequency when applied to the secondary terminals of the transformer, all other terminals being open-circulted, which when increased by 10 % causes the r.m.s. exciting current to increase by no more than 50 % NOTE: Tho actual knee point o.m¥. will be 2 the rated knee point e.m.t 3.2.215 rated turns ratio the required ratio of the number of primary turns to the number of secondary turns EXAMPLE 1 1/600 (one primary turn with six hundred secondary turns) EXAMPLE 2 — 2/600 (two primary turn with six hundred secondary turns). 3.2.216 turns ratio error the difference between the rated and actual turns ratios, expressed as a percentage (actual tums ratio - rated tums ratio) Fated tums ratio Turns rato error (%6) x10 3.2.217 dimensioning factor (K,) a factor assigned by the purchaser to indicate the multiple of rated secondary current (len) ‘occurring under power system fault conditions, inclusive of safety factors, up to which the transformer is required to meet performance requirements.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -13- 38/357A/CD 3.3 Definitions related to di 3.3.1. highest voltage for system (Us) 3.3.2. highest voltage for equipment (Um) 3.3.3. rated insulation level 3.3.4. Isolated neutral system onant earthed system (a system earthed through an arc-suppression coil) 3.3.6 earth fault factor 3.3.7. earthed neutral system 3.3.8 solidly earthed neutral system 3.3.9 impedance earthed neutral system 3.3.10 exposed installation 3.3.11 non-exposed installation 3.4 Det jons related to current ratings 3.4.200 rated primary current the value of the primary current on which the performance of the transformer is based (EV 8321-01-11 modified] 3.4.201 rated secondary current the value of the secondary current on which the performance of the transformer is based [IEV 321-01-15 modified] 3.4.202 rated short-time thermal current (it), the r.m.s. value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand for one second without suffering harmful effects, the secondary winding being short-circuited 3.4.203 rated dynamic current (layn) the peak value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand, without being damaged electrically or mechanically by the resulting electromagnetic forces, the secondary winding being short-circuited 3.4.204 rated continuous thermal current (eth) the value of the current which can be permitted to flow continuously in the primary winding, the secondary winding being connected to the rated burden, without the temperature rise exceeding the values specified 3.4.205 exciting current the r.m.s. value of the current taken by the secondary winding of a current transformer, when a sinusoidal voltage of rated frequency is applied to the secondary terminals, the primary and any other windings being open-circuited 3.4.206 rated short. 1e thermal current (itn) the r.m.s. value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand for one second without suffering harmful effects, the secondary winding being short-circuitedLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -14- 38/357A/CD 3.4.207 rated dynamic current (layn) the peak value of the primary current which a transformer will withstand, without being damaged electrically or mechanically by the resulting electromagnetic forces, the secondary winding being short-circuited 3.4.208 rated continuous thermal current (eth) the value of the current which can be permitted to flow continuously in the primary winding, the secondary winding being connected to the rated burden, without the temperature rise exceeding the values specified 3.4.209 exciting current the r.m.s. value of the current taken by the secondary winding of a current transformer, when a sinusoidal voltage of rated frequency is applied to the secondary terminals, the primary and any other windings being open-circuited 3.5 Definitions related to other ratings 3.5.1 rated frequency (fq) 3.5.2 mechanical load (F) 3.5.3 internal arc fault protection instrument transformer 3.6 Definitions related to gas insulation 3.6.1 pressure relief device 3.6.2 gas-insulated metal-enclosed instrument transformer 3.6.3 closed pressure system 3.6.4 rated filling pressure 3.6.5 minimum functional pressure 3.6.6 design pressure of the enclosure 3.6.7 design temperature of the enclosure 3.6.8 absolute kage ral 3.6.9 relative leakage rate (F,.) 3.7 index of abbreviations iT Instrument Transformer CT Current Transformer cvT Capacitive Voltage Transformer vT Voltage Transformer Als Airinsulated Switchgear Gis Gas-Insulated Switchgear k ‘actual transformation ratio ky rated transformation ratioLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200x -15- 38/357A/CD ® ratio error ag phase displacement Ss rated output Us highest voltage for system Um highest voltage for equipment Ta rated frequency F mechanical load Fret relative leakage rateLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -16- 38/357A/CD 4 Normal and special service conditions 4.1 General 4.2 Normal service conditions 4.21 Ambient air temperature 4.2.2 Altitude 4.2.3 Vibrations or earth tremors 4.2.4 Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers 4.2.5 Other service conditions for outdoor instrument transformers 4.3 Special service conditions 4.3.1 General 4.3.2 Altitude 4.3.2.1 Influence of altitude on external insulation 4.3.2.2. Influence of altitude on temperature-rise 4.3.3 Ambient temperature 4.3.4 Vibrations or earth tremors 4.3.5 Earthquakes 4.4 System earthing 5 Ratings 5.1 General 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment 5.3 Rated insulation levels 5.3.1 General 5.3.2. Rated primary terminal insulation level § 5.3.2 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: For a current transformer without primary winding and without primary insulation of its own, the value Um = 0,72 kV is assumed 5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation 5.3.3.1. Partial discharges 5.3.3.2 Chopped lightning impulse 5.3.3.3 Capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor § 5.3.3.3 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The values of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (tan 8) shall be referred to the rated frequency and to a voltage level in the range from 10 kV to Un //3-Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -17- 38/357A/CD NOTE 1 The pun subject of an ag se Is 10 check the uniformity ofthe production. Limits for the permissible variations may be the rent betwaen manufacturer and purchaser. NOTE 2 The dleecle assiaton factor 's dependent on the Insulation design, ang on Both voltage and Lemperatire ie vale a Un //3 and ambont temperature normaly dove not exceed 0,006. 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements 5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals § 5.3.5 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The secondary winding insulation of class PX current transformers having a rated knee point voltage &, > 2 kV shall be capable of withstanding a rated power frequency withstand voltage of SkV r.m.s. for 60 s. For &, <2 KV, the withstand voltage shall be 3 kV r.m.s. for 60 s. 5.3200 Inter-turn insulation requirements The rated withstand voltage for inter-turn insulation shall be 4,5 kV peak For class PX transformers having a rated knee point e.m.f. of 450 V or less, the rated withstand voltage for inter-turn insulation shall be in accordance with 7.3.200. For those with a rated knee point e.m.f. of greater than 450 V, the rated withstand voltage for the inter-turn insulation shall be a peak voltage of 10 times the r.m.s. value of the specified knee point e.m4., or 10 kV peak, whichever is the lower. NOTE Dus to the test procedure, the wavashape may be highly distorted. NOTE For some EHV transmission systems, a higher manufacturer and the purchaser. iting value of peak voltage may be agr 5.4 Rated frequency 5.5 Rated output The standard values of rated output up to 30 VA are: 2,8- 6,0 - 10 - 15 and 30 VA. Values above 30 VA may be selected to suit the application. NOTE For a given transformer, provided one of the values of rated output is standard and associated with a standard accuracy class, the declaration of other rated outputs, which may be non-standard values, bul associated with other standard accuracy classes, is not procluded 5.6 Rated accuracy cla: 5.6.200 Measuring current transformers 5.6.200.1 Accuracy class designation for measuring current transformers For measuring current transformers, the accuracy class is designated by the highest permissible percentage current error at rated current prescribed for the accuracy class concerned. 5.6.200.2 Standard accuracy classes The standard accuracy classes for measuring current transformers are: 0,1-0,2-0,5- -3-5Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -18- 38/357A/CD 5.6.200.3 _Limits of current error and phase displacement for measuring current transformers For classes 0.1 — 0.2 - 0.5 and 1, the current error and phase displacement at rated frequency shall not exceed the values given in table 1 when the secondary burden is any value from 25 % to 100 % of the rated burden. For classes 0,2 S and 0,5 S the current error and phase displacement at the rated frequency shall not exceed the values given in table 2 when the secondary burden is any value from 25 % and 100 % of the rated burden For current transformers of accuracy class 0,1 - 0,2 - 0,2 S and having a rated burden not exceeding 15 VA, an extended range of burden can'be specified. The current error and phase displacement shall not exceed the values given in tables 1 and 2, when the secondary burden is any value from 1 VA to 100 % of the rated burden. For class 3 and class 5, the current error at rated frequency shall not exceed the values given in table 3 when the secondary burden is any value from 50 % to 100 % of the rated burden. The secondary burden used for test purposes shall have a power-factor of 0,8 lagging except that when the burden is less than 5 VA, a power-factor of 1,0 shall be used. In no case shall the test burden be less than 1 VA. NOTE 14 For current transformers with a rated secondary current of 1A, a range limit lower than 1 VA may be ‘agroed NOTE 2 This requirement may be requested for certified accuracy of energy measurements NOTES At the moment, there isnot sufficient experience about the possibility to perform the accuracy measurements at lower currant values (lest equipment and uncertainty of the obtained results). NOTE 4 In goneral the prescribed limite of current error and phase displacement aro valid for any given position of an external conductor spaced at a distance in air not less than that required far insulation in ait at the highest voltage for equipment (Up) Special conditions of application, including lower ranges of operation voltages associated with high current values, should be a matter of separate agroement between manufacturer and purchacer. For multi-ratio transformers with tapings on the secondary winding, the accuracy require- ments refer to the highest transformation ratio, unless otherwise specified. NOTE When the requirements refer to highest transformation ratio, the manufacturer shall give indications about the accuracy clase and the rated burden for the other tappings Table 200.1 — Limits of current error and phase displacement for ‘measuring current transformers (classes from 0.1 to 1) ‘Accuracy | + Percentage current (ratio) {+ Phase displacement at percentage class | error at percentage of rated of rated current shown below ‘current shown below Minutes Cantiradians 5 | 2 | 10 | | s | 2 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 100 | 120 oa o¢ f oz | ot [ot | wm | 6 | 5 | 58 | 04s | 024 | 018 | 015 02 | o75 | 035} 02 | a2 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 09 | 045 | os | 03 05 15 |o7s | 05 | 05 | so | 45 | 30 | 30 | 27 | 136 | 09 | 09 1.0 so | 15 | 10 | 1.0 | 10 | 9 | eo | o | s¢ | a7 | re | 1Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -19- 38/357A/CD Table 200.2 - Limits of current error and phase displacement for measuring current transformers for spe: ‘Accuracy | 2 Percentage current (ratio) “Phase displacement at percentage class | error at percentage of rated ‘of rated current shown below ‘current shown below Minutes 1 [5 | 20 [100 ro] + [5 | 20 [100] ro] 1 [5 | 20 | 100] 120 02s [or7sloss|o2[o2]o2| a0] 15 | 10] 0] 1 | 09 [04s] 03 | 03] 03 oss | 15 |o75] 08 | 08 | 06 | 90 | 45 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 2.7 11,95] 09 | 09 | 09 Table 200.3 — Limits of current error for measu current transformers (classes 3 and 5) Class + Percentage current (ratlo) error at percentage of rated eurront shown below 50 120 3 5 Limits of phase displacement are not specified for class 3 and class 5. 5.6.200.4 Extended current ratings Current transformers of accuracy classes 0.1 to 1 may be marked as having an extended current rating provided they comply with the following two requirements: a) the rated continuous thermal current shall be the rated extended primary current expressed as a percentage of the rated primary current; b) the limits of current error and phase displacement prescribed for 120 % of rated primary current in table 1 shall be retained up to the rated extended primary current. 5.6.201 Protective current transformers 5.6.201.1 Class P protective transformers 5.6.201.1.1 Standard accuracy limit factors The standard accuracy limit factors are: 5-10- 15-20-30 5.6.201.1.2 Accuracy class designation For protective current transformers, the accuracy class is designed by the highest permissible percentage composite error at the rated accuracy limit primary current prescribed for the accuracy class concerned, followed by the letter "P" (meaning protection) 5.6.201.1.3 Standard accuracy classes The standard accuracy classes for protective current transformers are: SP and 10PLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -20- 38/357A/CD 5.6.201.1.4 Limits of errors for protective current transformers At rated frequency and with rated burden connected, the current error, phase displacement and composite error shall not exceed the values given in table 200.4. For testing purposes when determining current error and phase displacement, the burden shall have a power-factor of 0,8 inductive except that, where the burden is less than 5 VA, a power-factor of 1,0 is permissible. For the determination of composite error, the burden shall have a power-factor of between 0,8 Inductive and unity at the discretion of the manufacturer. Table 200.4 — Limits of error for protective current transformers ‘Accuracy clase | Current error at rated ‘Composite arror at rated primary current rated primary current ‘accuracy limit pelmary % ‘current, % minutes contiradians 5P a 260 418 5 10P 3 - = 10 5.6.201.2 Class PR protective current transformers 5.6.201.2.1 Standard accuracy limit factors See 5.6.201.1.1 5.6.201.2.2 Accuracy class designation The accuracy class is designated by the highest permissible percentage composite error at the rated accuracy limit primary current prescribed for the accuracy class concerned, followed by the letters "PR" (Indicating protection low remanence). 5.6.201.2.3 Standard accuracy classes The standard accuracy classes for low remanence protective current transformers are SPR and 10 PR 5.6.201.2.4 Limits of error for class PR protective current transformers Refer to 5.6.201.1.4. Limits of error are given in table 200.5. Table 200.5 — Limits of error for class PR protective current transformers Current error at Phase displacement at Composite error at Accuracy class | rated primary fated primary current rated accuracy limit ‘current primary current e Minutes Centiradians ms SPR a 360 8 5 10PR 33 a = 10 5.6.201.2.5 Remanence factor (K,) The remanence factor (K;) shall not exceed 10 %.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -21- 38/357A/CD NOTE Insertion of one or more air gaps in the core may be a method for limiting the remanence factor. 5.6.201.2.6 Secondary loop time constant (T,) If required, the value shall be specified by the purchaser. 5.6.201.2.7 Secondary winding resistance (Red) If required, the maximum value shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. 5.6.201.3 Class PX protective current transformers The performance of class PX current transformers shall be specified in terms of the following: a) rated primary current (lpq): b) rated secondary current (lon): ©) rated turns ratio. The turns ratio error shall not exceed 40,25 %: d) rated knee point e.m.f. (E,); ) maximum exciting current (J) at the rated knee point e.m-f. and/or at a stated percentage thereof; f)_ maximum resistance of the secondary winding at a temperature of 75 °C (Ra): 9) rated resistive burden (Rp); h) dimensioning factor (K,) NOTE The rated knee point @.m.t is generally determined as follows: Be = Ky (Rey + Ro )% len 5.200 Standard values of rated primary current 5.200.1_ Single ratio transformers The standard values of rated primary currents are: 10 - 12,5 - 15 - 20-25-30 - 40 - 50-60-75 A, and their decimal multiples or fractions. The preferred values are those underlined. 5,200.2 Multi-ratio transformers The standard values given in 5.200.1 refer to the lowest values of rated primary current. 5.201 Standard values of rated secondary currents The standard values of rated secondary currents are 1 A, 2 A and 5 A, but the preferred value Is5A, NOTE: For transformers intended for delta-connected groups, these ratings divided by~/3 are also standard values, 5.202 Rated continuous thermal current The standard value of rated continuous thermal current is the rated primary current. When a rated continuous thermal current greater than rated primary current is specified, the preferred values should be 120 % to 150 % and 200 % of rated primary current.ersity, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Bank Uni 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -22- 38/357A/CD 5.203 Short-time current ratings Current transformers supplied with a fixed primary winding or conductor shall comply with the following requirements 5.2031 Rated short-time thermal current (in) A rated short-time thermal current (th) shall be assigned to the transformer (see 3.4.202) 5,203.2 Rated dynamic current (layn) The value of the rated dynamic current (Ijyq) shall normally be 2.5 times the rated short-time thermal current (hn) and it shall be indicated on the rating plate when it is different from this value (see 3.4.203) n and construction 6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment 6.1.1 General 6.1.2 Liquid quality 6.1.3 Liquid level device 6.1.4 Liquid tightness 6.2 Requirements for gases used in equipment 6.21 General 6.2.2 Gas quality 6.2.3 Gas monitoring device 6.2.4 Gas tightness 6.2.4.1 General 6.2.4.2 Closed pressure systems for gas 6.2.5 Pressure relief device 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components 6.4.1 General § 6.4.1 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The temperature rise of a current transformer when carrying a primary current equal to the rated continuous thermal current, with a unity power-factor burden corresponding to the rated output, shall not exceed the appropriate value given in table 5 of IEC61869-1. These values are based on the service conditions given in clause 4. When the transformer is fitted with a conservator tank, has an inert gas above the oil, o is hermetically sealed the temperature rise of the oil at the top of the tank or housing shall not exceed 55 K.ersity, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Bank Uni 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -23- 38/357A/CD When the transformer is not so fitted or arranged, the temperature rise of the oll at the top of the tank or housing shall not exceed 50 K. The temperature rise measured on the external surface of the core and other metallic parts where in contact with, or adjacent to, insulation shall not exceed the appropriate value table 5 of IEC 61869-1 6.4.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise, 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment 6.5.1 General 6.5.2. Earthing of the enclosure 6.5.3 Electrical continuity 6.6 Requirements for the external insulation 6.6.1 Pollution 6.6.2 Altitude 6.7 Mechanical requirements 6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals 6.9 Internal arc fault protection requirements 6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures 6.10.1 General 6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects 6.10.3 Protection against ingress of water 6.10.4 Indoor instrument transformer 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers 6.10.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal service conditions 6.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 6.14.1 General 6.11.2 Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) 6.14.3 Requirements for immunity 6.11.4. Requirement for transmitted overvoltages 6.12 Corrosion 6.13 Markings 6.13.200 Terminal markings - General rules The terminal markings shall identify a) the primary and secondary windings;Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -24- 38/357A/CD b) the winding sections, if any; ©) the relative polarities of windings and winding sections; d) the intermediate tapings, if any. 6.13.200.1 Method of marking The marking shall consist of letters followed, or preceded where necessary, by numbers. The letters shall be in block capitals. 6.13.200.2 Markings to be used ‘The markings of current transformer terminals shall be as indicated in the following table 200.6. Table 200.6 - Markings of terminals Pt P2 Pt P2 Primary terminals ‘Secondary terminals, st s2 a) Figure 1— Single ratio Figure 2 — Transformer with an inter- mediate tapping on sacondary winding. ct 2 1 P2 Pa Z i 181 \ts20281 282 ‘Secondary terminals 3) sts? g2 See ; 2 Sf 2 Primary terminals P2 Figure 3. ~ Transformer with primary | Figure 4 ~ Transformer with 2 secondary winding in 2. sections. intended for | windings; each with its own magnstic connections either in series or in| core. (Two alternative markings for the parallel. secondary terminals.) 6.13.200.3 Indication of relative polarities All the terminals marked P1, $1 and C1 shall have the same polarity at the same instant. 6.13.201 Rating plate markings In addition to previous paragraphs, all current transformers shall carry at least the following markings: a) the rated primary and secondary current, i.e.: Ka = lpn! lan A (€.9. Kn = 10015 A) b) the rated output and the corresponding accuracy class, together with additional information specified in the later paris of these recommendations (see 6.13.202 and/or 6.13.203, 6.13.204 and 6.13.205);Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -25- 38/357A/CD propriate, the category of secondary winding should be marked (e.g. 18, 15 VA, class 0.8; 51) In addition, the following information shall be marked whenever space is available: ©) the rated short-time thermal current (/y,) and the rated dynamic current if it differs from 2,5 times the rated short-time thermal current (e.g. 13 kA or 13/40 kA); d) on transformers with two or more secondary windings, the use of each winding and its corresponding terminals. f) the rated continuous thermal current (for example loin = 150 %). 6.13.202 Marking of the rating plate of a measuring current transformer The accuracy class and instrument security factor shall be indicated following the indication of corresponding rated output (e.g. 15 VA class 0.5 FS 10). Current transformers having an extended current rating (see §.6.200.4) shall have this rating indicated immediately following the class designation (¢.g. 15 VA class 0.5 ext. 150 %) For current transformers having a rated burden not exceeding 15 VA and an extended burden down to 1 VA, this rating shall be indicated immediately before the burden indication (for example, 1 VA to 10 VA class 0,2). NOTE The rating plato may contain information concerning several combinations of ratios, output and accuracy ‘lass that the transformer can satisfy (for example, 15 VA class 0,5 ~ 30 VA class 1) and in this case non-standard values of output may be used (Tor example, 15 VA class 1 ~ 7 VA class 0,5 in accordance with note t0 5.5) 6.13.203 Marking of the rating plate of a class P protective current transformer The rating plate shall carry the appropriate information in accordance with 6.13.201. The rated accuracy limit factor shall be indicated following the corresponding output and accuracy class (e.g. 30 VA class 5P 10). NOTE A current transformer satisfying the requirements of several combinations of output and accuracy class and accuracy limit factor may be marked according to all of them: Example: (18 VAclass.0.5) or (18 VAclass 0.5) (30 VA class 1} (18 VA class 1, ext. 150 %) (30VA class SP 10) (15 VA class 6° 20) 6.13.204 Marking of the rating plate of class PR protective current transformers 6.13.204.1 Principal marking See 6.13.201 and 6.13.203. Replace accuracy classes "SP" and “10P" with "5 PR" and "10 PR" respectively. 6.13.204.2 Special marking (when required): a) secondary loop time constant (T,); b) secondary winding resistance (R,,) at a temperature of 75 6.13.205 Marking of the rating plate of class PX protective current transformers 6.13.205.1 Principal marking Refer to 6.13.201 6.13.205.2 Special marking a) rated turns ratio;Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -26- 38/357A/CD b) rated knee point e.m.f. (Ej): c) maximum exciting current (/,) at the rated knee point e.m,f. and/or at the stated percentage thereof; d)_ maximum resistance of the complete secondary winding at a temperature of 75 °C (Ret) The following may also be required by the purchaser: 2) dimensioning factor (Kx); f) rated resistive burden (Rp). 6.14 Fire hazardLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -27- 38/357A/CD 7 Tests 7.4 General 744 Clas 7.4.2 List of t The list of tests is given in Table 200.7. Table 200.7 - List of tests Tests ‘Subclause Type teste 72 Temperature-rise test 722 Impulse voltage test on primary terminals 723 ‘Wot test Tor outdoor type transformers 724 Electromagnetic Compatibility tests 7.2.5 Test for accuracy 728 Varification of the degree of protection by enclosures: 727 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 72.8 Pressure test forthe enclosure 720 ‘Shori-time current tost 7.2.20 Routine tests 73 Poworfequoncy voltage withstand fests on primary terminals 724 Panial discharge measurement 732 Poworfrequency voltage withsiand teste between sections 733 Powerfrequeney voltage withstand tests en secondary terminals 734 Test for accuracy 735 Vorifcation of markings 738 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 137 Pressure test for the enclosure 738 Tnlerturn overvoliage test 7.3.20 ‘Special tests Ta Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals Tad Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals 74.2 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dlesipation factor 74a Tranamitted avervoltaga teat 74a Machanical teste 745 Tnternal are fault teat 748 Enclosure tightness test at low and high temperatures 740 Gas dew point test 74.8 Corrosion test 742 Fire hazard test 7.4.10 ‘Sample tests 75Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -28- 38/357A/CD For testing of gas-insulated instrument transformers, the type and pressure of the gas shall be according to Table 200.8 Table 200.8 - Gas type and pressure during type, routine and special tests Test Gas type Pressure Dislectrc, By ‘Same fluid Minimum functional Vuracy ime fluid as in service inimum functional pressure Temperature rise Internal are Short-cirouit Mechanical ‘Same fluid as in service Rated filing pressure Tightness, Gas dew point Transmitted overvoltages na Reduced pressure For gas-inaulated instrument transformers installed on GIS, the wet test and RIV test are net applicable. 7.4.3. Sequence of tests 7.2 Type tests 7.24 General 7.2.1.4. Information for Identification of specimen 7.2.1.2 Information to be included in type-test reports 7.2.2 Temperature-rise test 7.2.2.200 - General This test shall be made to prove compliance with the requirements of clause 6.4. For current transformers in three phase gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear, all three phases have to be tested in the same time. The current transformer shall be mounted in a manner representative of the mounting in service and the secondary windings shall be loaded with the designated burdens. However, because the position of the current transformer in each switchgear can be different, itis left to the manufacturer's choice how to arrange the test set up. 7.2.2.201 —Cooling-air temperature The sensors to measure the ambient temperature shall be distributed around the current transformer, at an appropriate distance according to the current transformer ratings and at about half-height of the transformer, protected from direct heat radiation, To minimise the effects of variation of cooling-air temperature, particularly during the last test period, appropriate means should be used for the temperature sensors such as heat sinks of time constant approximately equal to that of the transformer. The average readings of two sensors shall be used for the test.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -29- 38/357A/CD 7.2.2.202 Duration of the test The test can be stopped when the following conditions are met: - the test duration is at least equal to three times the current transformer thermal time constant as per the agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser = the rate of temperature rise of the windings and of the top-oll immersed current transformer does not exceed 1 K per hour, during three consecutive temperature rise readings. The manufacturer shall estimate the thermal time constant by one of the following methods: - before the test, based on the results of previous tests on a similar design and shall be confirmed during the temperature rise test - during the test, from the temperature rise curve(s) or temperature decrease curve(s) recorded during the course of the test and calculated according to Annex B - during the test, as the point of intersection between the tangent to the temperature rise curve originating at 0 and the maximum estimated temperature rise + during the test, as the time elapsed until 63 % of maximum estimated temperature rise. 7.2.2.203 Temperatures and temperature rises The purpose of the test is to determine the average temperature rise of the windings and, for oll-immersed transformers the temperature rise of the top all, in steady state conditions when the specified losses are injected in the current transformer. The average temperature of the windings shall, whén practicable, be determined by the resistance variation method, but for windings of very low resistance. thermometers, thermocouple or other appropriate temperature sensors may be employed. Thermometers or thermocouples shall measure the temperature rise of parts other than windings. The top oil temperature shall be measured by sensors applied to the top of metallic head directly in contact with the oil The temperature rises shall be determined by the difference in respect to the ambient temperature measured as indicated in 7.2.2.201 7.2.2.204 Test modalities for oil-immersed current transformers having Um > 525 kV The test shall be performed applying simultaneously to the current transformer: + the rated continuous thermal current to the primary winding with the secondary winding(s) closed on the rated burden; + = the highest voltage of the equipment divided by 13 between the primary winding and earth at which also a terminal of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected. Note - The test current can be also applied to one or more secondary windings with the primary and the non- supplied secondary windings short-circuited 7.2.2.205 Test modalities for current transformers others than the ones considered in sub-clauses 7.2.2.204 The test shall be performed applying to the primary winding the rated continuous thermal current with the secondary(s) closed on the rated burden.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -30- 38/357A/CD 7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals § 7.2.3 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The test voltage shall be applied between the terminals of the primary winding (connected together) and earth. The frame, case (if any), and core (if intended to be earthed) and all terminals of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected to earth. 7.2.3.1 General § 7.2.3.1 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following For three-phase current transformers for gas insulated substation, each phase shall be tested, one by one, During the test on each phase, the other phases will be earthed. For the acceptance criteria of gas-insulated metal enclosed transformers, refer to IEC 62271- 203 clause 6.2.4. 7.2.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals 7.2.3.2.1 Instrument transformers having U,, < 300 kV 7.2.3.2.2 Instrument transformers having Uj, 2 300 kV 7.2.3.3, Switching impulse voltage test 7.2.3.3.1 General 7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers 7.2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests 7.2.5.1 RIV test 7.2.8.2. Immunity test. Not applicable 7.2.6 Test for accuracy 7.2.6.200 Test for accuracy of measuring current transformers Type tests to prove compliance with 5.6.200.3 shall, in the case of transformers of classes 0.1 to 1, be made at each value of current given in table 200.1 at 25 % and at 100 % of rated burden (subject to 1 VA minimum). Transformers having extended current ratings greater than 120 % shall be tested at the rated extended primary current instead of at 120 % of rated current. Transformers of class 3 and class 5 shall be tested for compliance with the two values of current given in table 3 at 50 % and at 100 % of rated burden (subject to 1 VA minimum). 7.2.6.201 Test for current error and phase displacement of protective current transformers Tests shall be made at rated primary current to prove compliance of current error and phase displacement. 5.6.201.1.4 in respectLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -31- 38/357A/CD 7.2.6.202 Test for composite error a) Compliance with the limits of composite error given in table 200.4 shall be demonstrated by a direct test in which a substantially sinusoidal current equal to the rated accuracy limit primary current is passed through the primary winding with the secondary winding ‘connected to a burden of magnitude equal to the rated burden but having, at the discretion of the manufacturer, a power-factor between 0,8 inductive and unity (see annex A). The test may be carried out on a transformer similar to the one being supplied, except that reduced insulation may be used, provided that the same geometrical arrangement is retained, NOTE Where very high primary currents and single bar-primary winding current transformers. are concerned, the distance between the retum primary conductor and the current transformer should be taken into account {rom the point of view of reproducing service conditions. b) For current transformers having substantially continuous ring cores, uniformly distributed secondary winding(s) or uniformly distributed portions of tapped winding(s) and having either a centrally located primary conductor(s) or a uniformly distributed primary winding, the direct test may be replaced by the following indirect test, provided that the effect of the return primary conductor(s) is negligible With the primary winding open-circuited, the secondary winding is energized at rated frequency by a substantially sinusoidal voltage having an r.m.s. value equal to the secondary limiting e.m. The resulting exciting current, expressed as a percentage of the rated secondary current multiplied by the accuracy limit factor, shall not exceed the limit of composite error given in table 200.4. NOTE 1 In calculating the secondary limiting e.m.., the secondary winding Impedance should be assumed to be equal tothe secondary winding resistance measured at ccom temperature and corrected to 75 °C. Jn turns ratio NOTE 2_ In determining the composite error by the indirect method, a possible difference betwe and rated transformation ratio need not be taken inte account. 7.2.6.203 Proof of low reactance type (Class PX protective current transformers) Class PX current transformers shall, in addition to the requirements of clause 7.2, be tested as prescribed below. In order to establish proof of low leakage reactance design, it shall be shown by a drawing that the current transformer has @ substantially continuous ring core, with air gaps uniformly distributed, if any, uniformly distributed secondary winding, a primary conductor symmetrical with respect to rotation and the influences of conductors of the adjacent phase outside of the current transformer housing and of the neighbouring phases are negligible. If compliance with the requirements of low leakage reactance design cannot be established to the mutual satisfaction of the manufacturer and purchaser by reference to drawings, then the composite error shall be determined for the complete secondary winding using ‘either of the direct methods of test given in A-200.5 or A-200.6 of annex A-200 at @ secondary current of Ky: fan and with a secondary burden Ry. Proof of low leakage reactance design shall be considered to have been established if the value of composite error from the direct method of test is less than 4,1 times that deduced from the secondary excitation characteristic. NOTE The value of primary current required to perform direct composite error tests on certain transformer types may be beyond the capability of facilities normally provided by manufacturers, Tests at lower levels of primary current may be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -32- 38/357A/CD 7.2.7 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures 7.2.7.4 Verification of the IP coding 7.2.7.2. Mechanical impact test 7.2.8 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.2.8.1 Closed pressure systems for gas 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosure 7.2.200 Short-time current test This test shall be made with the secondary winding(s) short-circuited, and at a current / for a time f, so that (/*t) is not less than (Jt) and provided f has a value between 0,5 s and 5s. The dynamic test shall be made with the secondary winding(s) short-circuited, and with a primary current the peak value of which is not less than the rated dynamic current (Ijyn) for at least one peak. The dynamic test may be combined with the thermal test above, provided the first major peak current of that test is not less than the rated dynamic current (layn) The transformer shall be deemed to have passed these tests if, after cooling to ambient temperature (between 10 °C and 40 °C), it satisfies the following requirements: a) its not visibly damaged: b) its errors after demagnetization do not differ from those recorded before the tests by more than half the limits of error appropriate to its accuracy class; ) it withstands the dielectric tests specified in 7.3.1, 7.9.2, 7.3.3 and 7.3.4, but with the test voltages or currents reduced to 90 % of those given; d) on examination, the insulation next to the surface of the conductor does not show significant deterioration (e.g. carbonization). The examination d) is not required if the current density in the primary winding, corresponding to the rated short-time thermal current (/m), does not exceed: = 180 AJ mm? where the winding given in IEC 60028. = 120 A/ mm? where the winding is of aluminium of conductivity not less than 97 % of the value given in IEC 60121. NOTE Experience has shown that in service the requirements for thermal rating are generally fullled in the case of claes A Inculation, provided that the current deneity in the primary winding, corresponding to the rated short-time thermal currant, dees not exceed the above-mentioned values. Consequently, compliance with this requirement may take the place of the insulation examination, if agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, of copper of conductivity not less than 97 % of the value 7.3 Routine tests 7.3.1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals § 7.3.1 of IEC 61689-1 is applicable with the following: The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding and earth. The short-circuited secondary winding(s), the frame, case (if any) and core (if there is a special earth terminal) shall be connected to earth.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -33- 38/357A/CD 7.3.2. Partial discharge measurement 7.3.2.4 Test circuit and instrumentation 7.3.2.2 Parti discharge test procedure 7.3.3 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections 7.3.4 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals Test shall be performed to demonstrate compliance with 5.3.5 7.3.5 Test for accuracy 7.3.5.200 Tests for accuracy of measuring current transformers The routine test for accuracy is in principle the same as the type test in 7.2.6.200, but routine tests at a reduced number of currents and/or burdens are permissible provided it has been shown by type tests on a similar transformer that such a reduced number of tests is sufficient to prove compliance with 5.6.200.3 7.3.5.201 Instrument security factor A type test may be performed using the following indirect test: — with the primary winding open-circuited, the secondary winding is energized at rated frequency by @ substantially sinusoidal voltage having an r.m.s. value equal to the secondary limiting e.m.f The resulting excitation current (lexc), expressed as a percentage of the rated secondary current (leq) multiplied by the instrument security factor FS shall be equal to or exceed the rated value of the composite error of 10 %: lose 2 Te FS * 100 210 If this result of measurement should be called into question, a controlling measurement shall be performed with the direct test (see annex A-200), the result of which is then mandatory. NOTE The great advantage of the indirect test is that high currents are not necessary (for instance 30 000 A at a primary rated current 3000 A and an instrument security factor 10) and also no burdens which must be constructed for 50 A. The effect of the return primary Conductors is not physically effective at the indirect test. Under service conditions the effect can only enlarge the composite error, which is desirable for the safety of the apparatus supplied by the measuring transformer. 7.3.5.202 Tests for current error and phase current transformers isplacement of class P protective Tests shall be made at rated primary current to prove compliance with §.6.201. of current error and phase displacement. 4 in respect 7.3.5.203 Test for composite error For all transformers qualifying under item b) of 7.2.6.202, the routine test is the same as the type test. For other transformers, the indirect test of measuring the exciting current may be used, but a correction factor shall be applied to the results, the factor being obtained from a comparison between the results of direct and indirect tests applied to a transformer of the same type asLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -34- 38/357A/CD the one under consideration (see note 2), the accuracy limit factor and the conditions of loading being the same. In such cases, certificates of test should be held available by the manufacturer. NOTE 1 The correction factor is equal to the ratio of the composite error obtained by the direct method and the exciting currant expressed a8 percentage of the rated secondary current multiplied By the accuracy limit factor, {a8 determined by the indirect method specified in item a) of 7.2.6.204 NOTE 2. The expression ‘transformer of the same type" implias that the ampare turns are the same irrespective of ratio, and that the geometsical arrangements, magnetic materials and the secondary windings are identical 7.3.5.204 Test for current error and phase displacement of class PR protective current transformers Class PR current transformers shall, in addition to the requirements of clause 7.3.5.202 and 7.3.5.203, be subjected to the routine tests prescribed below. 7.3.5.204.1 Det rmination of remanence factor (K;) The remanence factor (K;) shall be determined to prove compliance with the limit of 10 %. Refer to IEC 6004-6 annex B for the determination method. 7.3.5.204.2 Det rmination of secondary loop time constant (T,) The secondary loop time constant (7;) shall be determined. It shall not differ from the specified value by more than +30 %. If required, refer to IEC 6004-6, annex B. 7.3.5.204.3 Del rmination of secondary winding resistance (Rey) The secondary winding resistance shall be measured and an appropriate correction applied if the measurement is made at a temperature which differs from 75 °C or such other temperature as may have been specified. The value so adjusted is the rated value for Re. NOTE For dtormination of secondary loop resistance (Rs = Ret +p), Rb is the rated resistive burdon which, in the case of class PR curtent ransformers, is taken ns being equal to tho resistive part of the burden used in ‘accordance with §.6.201.1.4 for the determination of current error and phase displacement. 7.3.5.205 Tests for class PX protective current transformers Class PX current transformers shall, in addition to the requirements of clauses 7.3.1, 7.3.2,7.3.3,7.3.4,7.3.6 and 7.3.200, be tested as prescribed below. 7.3.5.205.1 Rated knee point e.m-f. (E,) and maximum exciting current (/,) A sinusoidal e.m.. of rated frequency equal to the rated knee-point e.m.. shall be applied to the complete secondary winding, ail other windings being open-circuited and the exciting current measured The e.m. shall then be increased by 10 % and the exciting current shall not increase by more than 50 %. All measurements shall be performed using r.m.s. measuring instruments. Due to the non-sinusoidal nature of the measured quantities, the measurements shall be performed using r.m.s. measuring instruments having a crest factor >3. The excitation characteristic shall be plotted at least up to the rated knee point e.m-f. The exciting current (I',) at the rated knee-point e.m.f. and at any stated percentage, shall not exceed the rated value. The number of measurement points shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © IEC:200X -35- 38/357A/CD 7.3.5.205.2 Secondary winding resistance (Rc) The resistance of the complete secondary winding shall be measured. The value obtained when corrected to 75 °C shall not exceed the specified value. 7.3.5.208.3 Turns ratio error (%)) The turns ratio shall be determined in accordance with IEC 6004-6, annex E. The turns ratio error shall not exceed the value given 5.6.201.8 c) NOTE A simplified test involving measurement of the ratio error with zero connected burden may be substituted by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. 7.3.8 Verification of markings 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.3.7.4 Closed pressure systems for gas, 7.3.7.2. Liquid systems 7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure 7.3.200 Inter-turn overvoltage test Tests shall be performed to demonstrate compliance with 5.3.200. ‘The inter-turn overvoltage test shall be performed in accordance with one of the following procedures. if not otherwise agreed, the choice of the procedure is left to the manufacturer. Procedure A: with the secondary windings open-circuited (or connected to a high impedance device which reads peak voltage), a substantially sinusoidal current at a frequency between 40 Hz and 60 Hz (in accordance with IEC 60060-1) and of r.m.s. value equal to the rated primary current (or rated extended primary current (see 5.6.200.4) when applicable) shall be applied for 60 s to the primary winding The applied current shall be limited if the test voltage of 4,5 kV peak is obtained before reaching the rated current (or extended rated current). Procedure B: with the primary winding open-circulted, the prescribed test voltage (at some suitable frequency) shall be applied for 60 s to the terminals of each secondary winding, providing that the r.m.s. value of the secondary current does not exceed the rated secondary current (or rated extended current) The value of the test frequency shall be not greater than 400 Hz. At this frequency, if the voltage value achieved at the rated secondary current (or rated extended current) is lower than 4,5 kV peak, the obtained voltage is to be regarded as the test voltage. When the frequency exceeds twice the rated frequency, the duration of the test may be reduced from 60 s as below: twice therated frequency , 6 duration of test (ins) ~~testfrequency with @ minimum of 15 s.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -36- 38/357A/CD NOTE The inter-turn overvoltage test is not a test carried out to verify the suitability of a current transformer to operate with the secondary winding open-circuited. Current transformers should not be operated with the secondary winding open-circuited because of the potentially dangerous overvoltages and overheating which can occur. 7.4 Special tests 7.4.1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and lectric dissipation factor § 7.4.3 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding terminals and earth. Generally the short-circuited secondary winding(s), any screen, and the insulated metal casing shall be connected to the measuring bridge. If the current transformer has a special device (terminal) suitable for this measurement, the other low-voltage terminals shall be short-circuited and connected together with the metal casing to the earth or the screen of the measuring bridge. NOTE In some cases, it is necessary to connect the earth to other points of the bridge. 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test 7.4.5 Mechanical tests 7.4.6 Internal arc fault test § 7.4.6 of IEC 61869-1 is applicable with the following: NOTE : For top core ollimmersed current transformers, the area in which fallure in service incept in many cases is located in the upper part of the main insulation. For hair pin ollimmersed current transformers this area is goneraly located in the bottom part of the main insulation. 7.4.7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test 7.4.3 Corrosion test 7.4.9.1. Test procedure 7.4.9.2. Criteria to pass the test 7.4.10 Fire hazard test 7.5 Sample tests 8 Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance 9 Safety 10 Influence of products on the natural environmentLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -37- 38/357A/CD Annex A (Normative) Protective current transformers A.201 Vector diagram If consideration is given to a current transformer which is assumed to contain only linear electric and magnetic components in itself and in its burden, then, under the further assumption of sinusoidal primary current, all the currents, voltages and fluxes will be sinusoidal, and the performance can be illustrated by a vector diagram such as figure A- 200.1 bn ° Figure A200.41 In figure A-200.1, J, represents the secondary current. It flows through the impedance of the secondary winding and the burden which determines the magnitude and direction of the necessary induced voltage E, and of the flux © which is perpendicular to the voltage vector. This flux is maintained by the exciting current /., having a magnetizing component Im parallel to the flux , and a loss (or active) component /q parallel to the voltage. The vector sum of the secondary current I, and the exciting current /, 1s the vector 1”, representing the primary current divided by the turns ratio (number of secondary turns to number of primary turns). Thus, for a current transformer with turns ratio equal to the rated transformation ratio, the difference in the lengths of the vectors Jz and I’p, related to the length of 1’, is the current error according to the definition of 3.2.3, and the angular difference dis the phase displacement according to 3.2.4. A.202 Turns correction When the turns ratio is different from (usually less than) the rated transformation ratio, the current transformer is said to have turns correction. Thus, in evaluating the performance, it is necessary to distinguish between /%, the primary current divided by the turns ratio, and Ip, the primary current divided by the ‘rated transformation ratio. Absence of turns correction means I'p = I’p. If turns correction is present, I’p is different from 1“, and since I is used in the vector diagram and I’p is used for the determination of the current error, it will be seen that turns correction has an influence on the current error (and may be used deliberately for that purpose). However, the vectors 1’, and Ip have the same direction, so turns correction has no influence on phase displacement. It will also be apparent that the influence of tums correction on composite error is less than its influence on current error.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -38- 38/357A/CD A.203 The error triangle In figure A-200.2, the upper part of figure A-200.1 is re-drawn to a larger scale and under the further assumption that the phase displacement is so small that for practical purposes the two vectors /, and /% can be considered to be parallel. Assuming again that there is no turns correction, it will'be seen by projecting /, to Jy that with a good approximation the in-phase component (4/) of /, can be used instead of the arithmetic difference between 1) and J, to obtain the current error and, similarly, the quadrature component (A /q) of fe can be used to express the phase displacement. Figure A-200.2 It will further be seen that under the given assumptions the exciting current /, divided by 1% Is equal to the composite error according to 3.2.202. Thus, for a current transformer without turns correction and under conditions where a vector representation is justifiable, the current error, phase displacement and composite error form a right-angled triangle. In this triangle, the hypotenuse representing the composite error is dependent on the magnitude of the total burden impedance consisting of burden and secondary winding, while the division between current error and phase displacement depends on the power factors of the total burden impedance and of the exciting current. Zero phase displacement will result when these two power factors are equal, i.e. when /y and ly are in phase: A.204 Composite error The most important application, however, of the concept of composite error is under conditions where a vector representation cannot be justified because non-linear conditions introduce higher harmonics in the exciting current and in the secondary current (see figure A- 200.3). Figure A-200.3Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -39- 38/357A/CD It is for this reason that the composite error is defined as in 3.2.202, and not in the far simpler way as the vector sum of current error and phase displacement as shown in figure A-200.2 Thus, in the general case, the composite error also represents the deviations from the ideal current transformer that are caused by the presence in the secondary winding of higher harmonics which do not exist in the primary. (The primary current is always considered sinusoidal for the purposes of this standard.) A.205 Direct test for composite error Figure A-200.4 shows a current transformer having a turns ratio of 1/1. It is connected to a source of primary (sinusoidal) current, a secondary burden Zs with linear characteristics and to an ammeter in such a manner that both the primary and secondary currents pass through the ammeter but in opposite directions. In this manner, the resultant current through the ammeter will be equal to the exciting current under the prevailing conditions of sinusoidal primary current, and the r.m.s. value of that current related to the r.m.s. value of the primary current is the composite error according to 3.2.202, the relation being expressed as a percentage. Figure A-200.4 Figure A-200.4 therefore represents the basic circuit for the direct measurement of composite error, Figure A-200.5 represents the basic circuit for the direct measurement of composite error for current transformers having rated transformation ratios differing from unity. It shows two current transformers of the same rated transformation ratio. The current transformer marked N is assumed to have negligible composite error under the prevailing conditions (minimum burden), while the current transformer under test and marked X is connected to its rated burden. ep Np Pp XxX Pp + . + _ s} fs s s Figure A-200.5 They are both fed from the same source of primary sinusoidal current, and an ammeter is connected to measure the difference between the two secondary currents. Under these conditions, the r.m.s. value of the current in the ammeter A, related to the r.m.s. value of the current in ammeter A; is the composite error of transformer X, the relation being expressed as a percentage.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -40- 38/357A/CD With this method, it is necessary that the composite error of transformer N is truly negligible under the conditions of use. It is not sufficient that transformer N has a known composite error since, because of the highly complicated nature of composite error (distorted waveform), any composite error of the reference transformer N cannot be used to correct the test results. A.206 Alternative method for the direct measurement of composite error Alternative means may be used for the measurement of composite error and one method is shown in figure A-200.6. Figure A-200.6 Whilst the method shown in figure A-200.5 requires a “special” reference transformer N of the same rated transformation ratio as the transformer X and having negligible composite error at the accuracy limit primary current, the method shown in figure A-200.6, enables standard reference current transformers N and N’ to be used at or about their rated primary currents. It is still essential, however, for these reference transformers to have negligible composite errors but the requirement is easier to satisfy. In figure A-200.6 X is the transformer under test, N is standard reference transformer with a rated primary current of the same order of magnitude as the rated accuracy limit primary current of transformer X (the current at which the test is to be made), and N’ is a standard reference transformer having @ rated primary current of the order’ of magnitude of the secondary current corresponding to the rated accuracy limit primary current of transformer X. It should be noted that the transformer N’ constitutes a part of the burden Zp of transformer X and must therefore be taken into account in determining the value of the burden Za. Ay and Ay ae two ammeters and care must be taken that Ay measures the difference between the secondary currents of transformers N and NY. If the rated transformation ratio of transformer N is Ka, of transformer X i transformer N’ is K’%, the ratio Ky must equal the product of Ky and Knx: Kox and of Le. Kn = Kin Knx Under these conditions, the r.m.s. value of the current in ammeter Az, related to the current in ammeter Az, is the composite error of transformer X, the relation being expressed as a percentage. NOTE When using the methods shown in figures A:200.5 and A-200.8, care should be taken to use a low Impedance Instrument for A, since the voltage across this ammeter (divided by the ratio of transformer N’ in the 60 of figure A-200.6) constitutes part of the burdan voltago of transformer X and tonds to reduce the burdon on this transformer. Similarly, this ammeter voltage increases the burden on transformer N. A.207 Use of composite error The numeric value of the composite error will never be less than the vector sum of the current error and the phase displacement (the latter being expressed in centiradians)Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -4a1- 38/357A/CD Consequently, the composite error always indicates the highest possible value of current error or phase displacement. The current error is of particular interest in the operation of overcurrent relays, and the phase displacement in the operation of phase sensitive relays (e.g. directional relays). In the case of differential relays, it is the combination of the composite errors of the current transformers involved which must be considered, An additional advantage of a limitation of composite error is the resulting limitation of the harmonic content of the secondary current which is necessary for the correct operation of certain types of relays.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -42- 38/357A/CD Annex B Technique used in temperature rise test of oll-immersed transformers to determine the thermal constant by an experimental estimation (informative) List of symbols: ® Temperature in °C a Oil temperature, varying with time (this may be top oil, or average oil) 83 External cooling medium temperature (ambient air or water) assumed to be constant 40 Oil temperature rise above 4, 8,40, Ultimate values in steady state ett) Remaining deviation from steady-state value 8, Te Time constant for exponential variation of bulk oil temperature rise h Time interval between readings 04,0, 03 Three successive temperature readings with time interval h between them In principle, the test should continue until the steady-state temperature rise (of the oil) is ascertained. 0, = 0, + 40, (1) 6(t) = 8, + 48, (1 - eT) (2) The remaining deviation from steady state is then: eft) = G,- O(f) = 40, x eT @) Its considered that : -_ the ambient temperature is kept as constant as possible - the oil temperature @(t) will approach an ultimate value @u along an ‘exponential function with a time constant of To. = The equation 2 Is a good approximation of the temperature curve (see fig.B- 200.1) Given three successive readings A0,, Ad and A, if the exponential relation of equation (2), is a good approximation of the temperature curve, then the increments will have the following relation: ht _. 4 28, - 88 @ pore, 28, -08, The readings also permit a prediction of the final temperature rise: (ae, }? -a€, a0 48, (222) 2 (5) "708, — 40, - 48,Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-2 Ed.1/CD © 1EC:200X -43- 38/357A/CD Successive estimates are to be made and they should converge. In order to avoid large random numerical errors the time interval h should be approximately T, and A@/Aa, should be not less than 0,95, ‘A more accurate value of steady-rate temperature rise is obtained by a least square method of extrapolation of all measured points above approximately 60 % of Aa, (A@, estimated by the three point method). Figure B-200.1 - Graphical extrapolation to ultimate temperature riseLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC FDIS manuscript — Annex to 38/357A/CD CONTENTS FOREWORD. 6 Scope. 9 Normative references 9 Definitions 3.1 General definitions 3.2 definitions related to accuracy...... 3.3 Definitions related to dielectric ratings. 3.4 Definitions related to current ratings... 3.5 Definitions related to other ratings. 3.6 Definitions related to gas insulation 3.7 index of abbreviations ...ccennenuen 4 Normal and special service conditions ..... 4.4. General 2 4.2 Normal service conditions .....0scusessoeiennensese ee... 4.2.1 Ambient air temperature wt 16 42.2 Altitude. 4.2.3. Vibrations or earth tremors 4.2.4 Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers 4.2.5 Other service conditions for outdoor instrument transformers 16 4.3. Special service conditions... 4.34 General 4.3.2 Altitude.. 4.3.3 Ambient temperature 4.3.4 Vibrations or earth tremors... 4.3.5 Earthquakes... 4.4 System earthing 5 Ratings... 5.1 General. 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment 5.3. Rated insulation levels . 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Rated primary terminal insulation level .. . 5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation 20 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements. ose 5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals. 24 5.4 Rated frequency. 5.5 Rated output 5.6 Rated accuracy class... 6 Design and construction 6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment 6.1.1 GeneralLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC 6.1.2 Liquid quality 6.1.3 Liquid level device. 6.1.4 Liquid tightness 6.2 Requirements for gases used in equipment. 62.1 General 6.2.2 Gas quality... 62.3 Gas monitoring device 6.2.4 Gas tightness 62.5 Pressure relief device 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components 64.1 General 64.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise. 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment 6.5.1 General pecs 6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure 6.5.3 Electrical continuity . 6.6 Requirements for the external insulation 6.6.1 Pollution... 662 Altitude 6.7 Mechanical requirements. 68 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals 6.9 _ Internal arc fault protection requirements ..... 6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures........ 6.10.1 General 6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects 29 6.10.3. Protection against ingress of water 6.10.4 Indoor instrument transformers 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers m.. Sued 6.10.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal service conditions. 6.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 6.11.1 General 6.11.2 Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV).. 6.11.3 Requirements for immunity 6.11.4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages. 6.12 Corrosion 6.13. Markings 6.14 Fire hazard. Tests. TA General son 7 7.1.1 Classification of tests 7.1.2 List of tests. 7.1.3. Sequence of tests... 7.2. Type tests 7.2.1 General zn 7.2.2 Temperature-rise test 7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals...Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ede 7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformers. 7.2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests... 7.2.8 Test for accuracy 7.2.7 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures...... 7.2.8 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.2.9 Pressure test for the enclosure 7.3 Routine tests 7.3.1 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals, ... 7.3.2 Partial discharge measurement 7.3.3 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections 7.3.4 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals. 7.3.8 Test for accuracy, 7.3.6 Verification of markings 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure 7.4 Special tests 7.4.1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals ... 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test 7.4.5 Mechanical tests. ae 7.4.6 Internal arc fault test. a2 7.4.7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures.. 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test 7.4.9 Corrosion test. 7.4.10 Fire hazard test 7.5 Sample tests Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance Safety. 10 Influence of products on the natural environment Annex A (normative) Identification of test specimen Annex 8 (irformative) Rules fr tranaport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance . ee Annex C (Informative) Fire hazard Annex D (informative) Sample test Bibliography. Figure 1 — Altitude correction factor for the temperature rise. Figure 2 ~ Altitude correction factor... cesvsntntnnneve Figure 3 - Transmitted overvoltages measurement: Test impulse waveforms...... Figure 4 — RIV Measuring circuit... Figure 5 — Test circuit for partial discharge measurement .... Figure 6 — Alternative circuit for partial discharge measurement .. Figure 7 — Example of balanced test circuit for partial discharge measurement. Figure 8 — Example of calibration circuit for partial discharge measurement. 38 38 40 40 at 44 42 44 44 45 54 55 60 61 62 28 43Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC Figure 9 - Transmitted overvoltage measurement: General test configuration 48 Figure 10 - Transmitted overvoltages measurement: Test circuit and GIS Test configuration (CT) 48 Table 1 — Temperature categories 16 Table 2 ~ Rated primary terminal insulation levels for instrument transformers 19 Table 3 - Partial discharge test voltages and permissible levels 20 Table 4 — Permissible temporary leakage rates for gas systems 22 Table 5 — Limits of temperature rise for various parts, materials and dielectrics of Instrument transformers Table 6 - Creepage distances . Table 7 ~ Static withstand test loads... Table 8 — Arc fault duration and performance criteria... Table 9 — Transmitted over voltage limits... cesses 31 Table 10 ~ List of tests Table 11 — Gas type and pressure during type, routine and special tests Table 12 — Modalities of application of the test loads to be applied to the line primary terminals, Table C.1 — Fire hazard of electro technical products...Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -6- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS Part 1: General Requirements FOREWORD 41) The Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising ‘all national slactrotechnical committees (IEC National Committess). The object of IEC is to promote Intemational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specitications (PAS) and Guides (hereatter referred to as ‘IEC Publication(s)"), Thelr preparation is entrusted to technical committaes; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this. proparatory work. Intornational, governmental and non- ‘governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also pafticipate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely ‘ith the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by ‘Agreement between the twa organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreemente of IEC on technical matters express, a¢ nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the rolavant subjects since each technical committe has representation from all inlerested IEC National Committees 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and ara accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications ig accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misintorpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committess undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly Indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered rosponsible for any ‘equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 8) All sors should onsure that they have the latest edition ofthis publication. 7) No liablity shall be attached to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents Including individual experts ‘and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property ‘damage oF other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether ditect or indirect, or for costs (Including legal fees) and expences arising out of the publication, uso of, or roliance upon, this IEC Publication of any othar IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is ‘essential for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibilty that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights, IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This International Standard IEC 61869-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 38: Instrument transformers. TC 38 decided to restructure the whole set of stand-alone Standards in the IEC 60044-X series and transform it into a new set of standards composed of General Requirements documents and Specific Requirements documents. This Standard is the first issue of this new series and can be regarded as a Product Family standard. It contains the General Requirements for Instrument Transformers and shall be read together with the relevant Specific Requirements Standard for the instrument transformer concerned.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC te An overview of the planned set of Standards is given below: PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARDS PRODUCT PRODUCTS | OLD STANDARD STANDARD 61860-2 ‘CURRENT 0044-1 TRANSFORMERS 61860-3 INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE | 60048-2 TRANSFORMERS 1860-4 COMBINED 0088-3 ‘TRANSFORMERS 61860-5 CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE | 60068-5 TRANSFORMERS 1809-1 enema 61860-6 ‘CURRENT 0048-6 REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSIENT Oe INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE TRANSFORMERS 01869-9 61860-7 ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE | 6008-7 RODITIONAL TRANSFORMERS REQUIREMENTS AND | 61860-8 ELECTRONIC 0048-8 DIGITAL INTERFACE CURRENT, FOR ELECTRONIC ‘TRANSFORMERS INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 61868-10 LOW-POWER STAND- ALONE CURRENT SENSORS: This Standard covers all general the 60044-X series. Additionally, the stand-alone standards of inovations: quirements formerly found introduces some technical * requirements for gas-insulated instrument transformers * additional special tests ‘* requirements for internal arc fault protection * requirements for degrees of protection by enclosure ‘© requirements for resistance to corrosion * requirements for safety and environmental concerns The text of this standard Is based an the following documents: FDIS Report an voting S8/xXXIFDIS. 887%XIRVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -8- The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date’ indicated on the IEC web site under “http://webstore.iec.ch” in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be + reconfirmed, + withdrawn, + replaced by a revised edition, or + amended 1. The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the maintenance result dLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS Part 1: General Requirements 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to newly manufactured instrument transformers with analogue or digital output for use with electrical measuring instruments or electrical protective devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz. This standard is a Product Family standard and covers general requirements only. For each kind of Instrument transformer the Product Standard is composed by this Standard and the relevant Specific Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050(321): IEV Instrument transformers IEC 60060-1: High-voltage test techniques — Part 1: General definitions and test requirements IEC 60068-2-11: Basic environmental testing procedures = Part 2: Tests - Test Ka: Salt mist IEC 60068-2-17: Basic environmental testing procedures — Part 2: Tests - Test Q: Sealing IEC 60068-2-75: Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests ~ Test Eh: Hammer tests. IEC 60071-1: Insulation co-ordination — Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules IEC 60085: Electrical insulation — Thermal evaluation IEC 60270: High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements IEC 60296: Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear IEC 60376: Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF) for use in electrical equipment IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60455 (all parts): Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation IEC 60480: Guidelines for the checking and treatment of sulphur hexafluoride (SF4) taken from electrical equipment and specification for its re-use IEC 60529: Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =10- IEC 60867: Oil-filed electrical equipment ~ Sampling of gases and of oll for analysis of free and dissolved gases ~ Guidance. IEC 60694, Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards IEC 60695-1-1: Fire hazard testing — Part 1-1: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products - General guidelines IEC 60695-1-30: Fire hazard testing - Part 1: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products — Use of preselection testing procedures IEC 60695-7-1: Fire hazard testing ~ Part 7- : Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance IEC 60721 (all parts): Classification of environmental conditions IEC 60721-3-3: Classification of environmental conditions — Part 3-3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities — Stationary use of weatherprotected locations IEC 60721-3-4: Classification of environmental conditions — Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities — Section 4: Stationary use at non- weatherprotected locations IEC 60815, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions IEC 60867: Insulating liquids ~ Specifications for unused liquids based on synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons IEC 61462: Composite insulators — Hollow insulator for use outdoor and indoor electrical equipment ~ Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria and design recommendation. IEC 616342 High-véllage switchgear and controlgear = Use and’ handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF) in high-voltage switchgear and controlgear IEC 62155: Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V IEC 62271-2: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Seismic qualification for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and above. IEC 6271-203: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear ~ Part 203: Gas-insulated metal- enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV IEC 62271-300: High voltage alternating current circuit breakers - Guide for seismic qualification of high voltage alternating current circuit breakers CISPR 18-2: Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment — Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits. 3 Defi ions, For the purpose of this document, the following definitions apply.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =e 3.1 General definitions 344 instrument transformer: transformer intended to transmit an information signal to measuring instruments, meters and protective or control devices or similar apparatus (EV 321-01-01] 3.4.2 enclosure housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application [IEV 826-12-20] 3.1.3 primary terminals terminals to which the voltage or current to be transformed is applied. 3.4.4 secondary terminals terminals which transmit an information signal to measuring instruments, meters and protective or control devices or similar apparatus 34.5 secondary circult the external circuit receiving the information signals supplied by the secondary terminals of an Instrument transformer (IEV 8321-01-08 modified] 3.1.6 section electrically conductive part of an instrument transformer insulated from other similar parts and equipped with terminals 3.2 definitions related to accuracy 3.2.4 actual transformation ratio (k) ratio of the actual primary voltage or current to the actual secondary voltage or current. 3.2.2 rated transformation ratio (k,) ratio of the rated primary voltage or current to the rated secondary voltage or current. 3.2.3 ratio error (£) the error which an instrument transformer introduces into the measurement and which arises from the fact that the actual transformation ratio is not equal to the rated transformation ratio. 3.2.4 phase displacement (Ag) difference in phase between the primary voltage or current and the secondary voltage or current phasors, the direction of the phasors being so chosen that the angle is zero for an ideal transformer. The phase displacement is said to be positive when the secondary voltage or current phasors leads the primary voltage or current phasors. It is usually expressed in minutes or centiradians.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =12- NOTE 1 This definition is strictly correct for sinusoidal voltages or current only NOTE 2. Electronic instrument transformers may introduce a delay time due to 2 digital data transmission and by digital signal processing [IEV 321-01-23 modified] 3.2.5 accuracy class a designation assigned to an instrument transformer, the ratio error and phase displacement of which remain within specified limits under prescribed conditions of use. (1EV321-01-24] 3.2.6 burden admittance (or impedance) of the secondary circuit expressed in siemens (or ohms) and power factor. NOTE Tho burden is usually oxproscod as the apparont power in volt — amperos absorbed at a specified power- ‘actor and at the rated secondary voltage or current. 3.2.7 rated burden value of the burden on which the accuracy requirements of this specification are based 3.2.8 rated output (S,) value of the apparent power (in voltamperes at a specified power factor) which the transformer is intended to supply to the secondary circuit at the rated secondary voltage or current and with rated burden connected to it 3.3. Definitions related to dielectric ratings 3.34 highest voltage for system (Us) highest value of the phase-to-phase operating voltage (r.m.s. value) which occurs under normal operating conditions at any time and at any point in the system [IEV 601-01-23 modified} 3.3.2 highost voltage for equipment (Um) the highest r.m.s. value of phase-lo-phase voltage for which the equipment is designed in respect of its insulation as well as other characteristics which relate to this voltage in the relevant equipment Standards (IEV 604-03-01 ] 3.3.3 rated insulation level combination of voltage values which characterizes the insulation of an transformer with regard to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses 3.3.4 isolated neutral system system where the neutral point is not intentionally connected to earth, except for high impedance connections for protection or measurement purposes [IEV 01-02-24]Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =13- 3.3.5 resonant earthed system (a system earthed through an arc-suppression c system in which one or more neutral points are connected to earth through reactances which approximately compensate the capacitive component of a single-phase-to-earth fault current {EV 61-02-27) NOTE With resonant earthing of a system, the residual current in the fault is limited to such an extent that an arcing fault in iris selfextinguishing. 3.3.6 earth fault factor at a given location of a three-phase system, and for a given system configuration, the ratio of the highest r.m.s. phase-to-earth power frequency voltage on a healthy phase during a fault to earth affecting one or more phases at any point on the system to the r.m.s. phase-to-earth power frequency voltage which would be obtained at the given location in the absence of any such fault (IEV 604-03-06) 3.3.7 earthed neutral system system in which the neutral is connected to earth either solidly or through a resistance or reactance of sufficiently low value to reduce transient oscillations and to give a current sufficient for selective earth fault protection. a) A three-phase system with effectively earthed neutral at a given location is a system characterized by an earth fault factor at this paint which does not exceed 1,4. NOTE. This condition is obtained approximately when, for all system configurations, the ratlo of zor0- sequence reactance to the posiivesequence reactance is less than 3 and the ratio of Zero-sequence resistance to positive sequence reactance is less than one. b) A three-phase system with non-effectively earthed neutral at a given location is a system characterized by an earth fault factor at this point that may exceed 1.4. 3.3.8 solidly earthed neutral system system whose neutral point(s) is(are) earthed directly [IEV 601-02-25] 3.3.9 impedance earthed neutral system system whose neutral point(s) is(are) earthed through impedances to limit earth fault currents (IEV 601-02-26) 3.3.10 exposed installation installation in which the apparatus is subject to overvoltages of atmospheric origin NOTE Such installations are usually connected to overhead transmission lines either directly or through a short length of cable. 3.3.44 non-exposed installation installation in which the apparatus is not subject to overvoltages of atmospheric origin NOTE Such installations aro usually connected to underground cable networks.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -14- 3.4 Definitions related to current ratings 3.5 Defini ns related to other ratings 3.5.1 rated frequency (fa) value of the frequency on which the requirements of this standard are based 3.6.2 mechanical load (F) forces on different parts of the instrument transformer as a function of four main forces: = forces on the terminals due to the line connections, — forces due to the wind — seismic forces — electro dynamic forces due to short circuit current. 3.5.3 internal arc fault protection instrument transformer An instrument transformer designed in such a way to ensure an assigned protection level against internal arc fault. 3.6 Definitions related to gas insulation 3.6.1 Pressure relief device a device suitable to limit dangerous over-pressures inside the Instrument Transformer 3.6.2 gas-insulated metal-enclosed instrument transformer metal-enclosed instrument transformer intended to be mounted on Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS), inside or outside the switchgear enclosure. 3.6.3 closed pressure system volume that is replenished only periodically by manual connection to ah external gas source. 3.6.4 rated filling pressure pressure referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions (20 °C and 101,3 kPa) to which the gas-insulated instrument transformer is filled before being put in service, or periodicaly replenished. 3.6.5 minimum functional pressure pressure referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions (20 °C and 101,3 kPa) at which, and above which, rated insulation and other characteristics of the gas-insulated instrument transformer are maintained and at which gas replenishment becomes necessary. 3.6.6 design pressure of the enclosure pressure used to determine the thickness of the enclosure. It is at least equal to the maximum pressure of the enclosure at the highest temperature that the gas used for insulation can reach under maximum service conditions. 3.6.7 design temperature of the enclosure highest temperature that can be reached by the enclosure under service conditions.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~15- 3.6.8 absolute leakage rate amount of gas escaped by time unit, expressed in Pa.m®s. 3.6.9 relative leakage rate (F,,)) absolute leakage rate related to the total amount of gas in the instrument transformer at rated filling pressure (or density). It is expressed in percentage per year. 3.7 index of abbreviations iT Instrument Transformer cT Current Transformer CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer vr Voltage Transformer Als, Air-insulated Switchgear Gis Gas-Insulated Switchgear k ‘actual transformation ratio Ky rated transformation ratio = ratio error a9 phase displacement 5 rated output Us highest voltage for system Tn highest voltage for equipment ta rated frequency F mechanical load Foor relative leakage rate 4 Normal and special service conditions 4.1 General Unless otherwise specified, instrument transformers are intended to be used at their rated characteristics under the normal service conditions listed in 4.2. If the actual service conditions differ from these normal service conditions, instrument transformers shall be designed to comply with any special service conditions required by the purchaser, or appropriate arrangements shall be made (see 4.3). Detailed information concerning classification for environmental conditions Is given in IEC 60721-3-3 (indoor) and IEC 60721-3-4 (outdoor).Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -16- For gas-insulated metal-enclosed instrument transformers, Clause 2 of IEC 6271-203 is applicable. 4.2 Normal service cond ns 4.2.1 Ambient air temperature Instrument transformers are classified in three categories as given in Table 1 Table 1 - Temperature categories Category ‘Minimum temperature Maximum temperature c ‘c 5140 5 40 25/40 25 40 40/40 40 40 NOTE 1 In the choice of the temperature category, storage and transportation conditions should also be ‘considered. NOTE 2_ In caso of instrument transformers integrated within other aquipmont (0.9. GIS, circuit breaker) the instrument transformer should be specified for the temperature conditions for the respective equipment 4.2.2 Altitude The altitude does not exceed 1000 m. 4.2.3 Vibrations or earth tremors Vibrations due to causes external to the negligible. \strument transformers or earth tremors are 4.2.4 — Other service conditions for indoor instrument transformers Other considered service conditions are as follows: a) the influence of solar radiation may be neglected; b) the ambient air is not significantly polluted by dust, smoke, corrosive gases, vapours or salt; ©) the conditions of humidity are as follows: 1) the average value of the relative humidity, measured for @ period of 24 h does not exceed 95 % 2) the average value of the water vapour pressure for a period of 24h does not exceed 2,2 kPa; 3) the average value of the relative humidity for a period of one month does not exceed 90 %; 4) the average value of the water vapour pressure for a period of one month does not exceed 1,8 kPa. For these conditions, condensation may occasionally occur. NOTE 1 Condensation may be expected whore sudden temperature changos occur in periods af high humidity. NOTE 2. In order to withstand the effects of high humidity and condensation, such as the breakdown of insulation or the corrosion of metallic parts, instrument transformers designed for such conditions should be used. NOTE 9. Condensation may be prevented by special design of the housing, by suitable ventilation and heating, or by the use of @ dehumicitying device. 4.2.5 Other service conditions for outdoor instrument transformers Other considered service conditions are as follows:Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -17- a) the average value of the ambient air temperature, measured over a period of 24 h, does not exceed 35 °C; b) solar radiation up to a level of 1 000 W/m? (on a clear day at noon) should be considered; ©) the ambient air may be polluted by dust, smoke, corrosive gases, vapours or salt. The pollution does not exceed the pollution levels given in IEC 60815. d) the wind pressure does not exceed 700 Pa (corresponding to a 34 m/s wind speed); e) the presence of condensation or precipitation should be taken into account. f) the ice coating does not exceed 20 mm. 4.3 Special service conditions 4.3.4 General When instrument transformers are intended to be used under conditions different from the normal service conditions given in 4.2, the purchaser's requirements should refer to standardised criteria given hereafter. 4.3.2 Altitude 4.3.2.1 Influence of altitude on external insulation At altitude >1 000 m, the disruptive discharge voltage for external insulation is affected by the reduction of air density. Refer to 6.6.2 4.3.2.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise At altitude >1 000 m, the thermal behaviour of an instrument transformer is affected by the reduction of air density. Refer to 6.4.2 4.3.3. Ambient temperature For installations located in a place where the ambient temperature can be significantly outside the normal service condition range stated in 4.2.1, the preferred ranges of minimum and maximum temperature to be specified should be; a) -50 °C and 40 °C for very cold climates; b) -5 °C and 50 °C for very hot climates. In certain regions with a frequent occurrence of warm humid winds, sudden changes of temperature may occur, resulting in condensation, even indoors. NOTE Under certain conditions of solar radiation, appropriate measures, e.9. roofing, forced ventilation, etc., may be nocessary in order not to excead the spocifiad temperature rises. Alternatively, derating may bo usod 4.3.4 Vibra ns or earth tremors Vibrations may occur due to switchgear operations or short circuit forces. For an Instrument Transformer integrated within assembled equipment (GIS or AIS) the vibration produced by the assembled equipment shall be considered 4.3.5 Earthquakes For installations where earthquakes are likely to occur, the relevant severity level in accordance with IEC 62271-2 shall be specified by the purchaser. The compliance with such special requirements, if applicable, has to be demonstrated either by calculation or by testing as defined by relevant standards.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -18- 4.4 System earthing The considered system earthings are: a) isolated neutral system (see 3.3.4); b) resonant earthed system (see 3.3.5); c) earthed neutral system (see 3.3.7). 1) solidly earthed neutral system (see 3.3.8), 2) impedance earthed neutral system (see 3.3.9). 5 Ratings 5.1 General ommon ratings of instrument transformers, including their auxiliary equipment if applicable, should be selected from the following: a) highest voltage for equipment (Us) b) rated insulation level ©) rated frequency (fa) 4) rated output ) rated accuracy class The rating applies at the standardized reference atmosphere (temperature (20 °C), pressuro(101.3 kPa) and humidity (11.g/mS)) specified in IEC 60071-1 5.2 Highe! voltage for equipment Standard values shall be selected from Table 2. The: highest voltage for equipment-is chosen as the next standard value of Up equal to or higher than the highest voltage of the system where the equipment will be installed For equipment to be installed under normal environmental conditions relevant to insulation, Um shall be at least equal to Us. For equipment to be installed outside of the normal environmental conditions relevant to insulation, Um may be selected higher than the next standard value of U,, equal to or higher than U, according to the special needs involved. NOTE As an examplo, the selection of @ Uy value higher than the next standard value of Un equal to or higher than U, may arise when the equipment has fo be installed at an altitude higher than 1000 m in order to compensate the decrease of withstand vollage of the external insulation.ersity, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ensed Copy: London South Bank Ui 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -19- Table 2 — Rated primary terminal insulation levels for instrument transformers Highest voltage for ‘equipment Um (F208. Rated power-frequency withstand voltage (r.m. Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (peak) Rated Switching withstand voltage (peak) kv wv wv kv 0.72 3 a 12 6 = 38 10 20 40 72 20 40 60 2 28 60 i 78 38 75 95 A 50 08 125 36 70 145 170 52 05 250 72.5 140 225, 100 185 450 123 185 450 230 550 145 230 550 276 650 170 278 650 325 750 248 395 950 460 1050 300 396 950 750 400 1060 50 362 460 1050 50 510 1175 950 420 570 300 950 620 1428 1050 550 630 1425 1050 680 1850 178 300 80 950 1425 975 2100 1550 NOTE 1 For exposed installations it ls recommended to choose the highest insulation I NOTE 2 In the case of Instrument Transformers intended to be installed in GIS, the rated power frequency withstand voltage levels accorcing to IEC 6271-203 may be different. NOTE 3. For alternative levels, see IEC 60071-1Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =20- 5.3 Rated insulation le 5.3.1 General For most of the values of highest voltage for equipment (Up), several rated insulation levels exist to allow application of different performance criteria or overvoltage patterns. The choice should be made considering the degree of exposure to fast-front and slow-front overvoltage, the type of neutral earthing of the system and the type of overvoltage limiting devices. 5.3.2 Rated primary terminal insulation level The rated primary terminal insulation level of an instrument transformer shall be based on its highest voltage for equipment Urq according to Table 2. Primary terminal intended to be earthed in service has Um equal to 0,72 kV For instrument transformers mounted on gas-insulated substations, the rated insulation levels, testing procedures and acceptance criteria, are according to IEC 6271-203. The applicable rated insulation levels are according to IEC 6271-203, Table 102 and 103, phase-to-earth insulation, 5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation 5.3.3.1 Partial discharges Partial discharge requirements are applicable to instrument transformers having Up greater than of equal to 7,2 kV. The partial discharge level shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 3. The test procedure Is given in 7.3.2.2 Table 3 - Partial discharge test voltages and permissible levels Maximum permiosibie PD level st voltage c hing Instrument SP 9 of the neutral system | transformer type n Type of insulation immersed in 1 liquid or gas peli Um 10 50 Eartad reuralaysion | crendestmed vt | yy ig ° a (earth faut tactorst.4) 2 Uy Unearthed VT 12 Um i 20 12U; Isolated or non effectively landtasia ey 10 50 Earthed neutral system | CT #n¢ earthed VT 1.20, /v3 5 20 (earth fault factor> 1,4) Unearthed VT 12 Um 5 20 NOTE 1 Ifthe neulral system isnot defined, the values given for isolated or non-offecively eathod neutral Systems are vail NOTE 2 The maximum pormisible PD level is algo valid for frequencies diferent from rated frequency NOTE 3_CT for current transformer and VT for voltage transformer 5.3.3.2 Chopped lightning impulse If additionally specified, instrument transformers other than GIS devices shall be capable to withstand a chopped lightning impulse voltage applied to its primary terminals having a peak value of 115 % of the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -2t- 5.3.3.3 Capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor These requirements apply only to transformers having Um > 72,5 kV, with primary insulation or gas insulated instrument transformers with capacitance grading insulation system. 5.3.4 Between-section insulation requirements For interconnected terminals of each section, the rated power-frequency withstand voltage of the insulation between sections shall be 3 kV. 5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals The rated power-frequency withstand voltage for secondary insulation shall be 3 kV 5.4 Rated frequency The standard values of the rated frequency are 16 2/3 Hz, 25 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz. 5.5 Rated output See specific product standard 5.6 Rated accuracy class See specific product standard 6 Design and construction 6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment 6.1.1 General The manufacturer shall specify the type and the required quantity and quality of the liquid to be used in equipment. 6.1.2 Liquid quality For oil-filled equipment, new insulating oil shall comply with IEC 60296. For synthetic liquid-filled equipment refer to IEC 60867. 6.1.3 Liquid level device If supplied, the device for checking the liquid level shall indicate whether the liquid level is within the operating range, during operation. 6.1.4 Liquid tightness No liquid loss is permitted. Any liquid loss represents a danger of insulation contamination. 6.2 Requirements for gases used in equipment 6.2.1 General The manufacturer shall specify the type and the required quantity and quality of the gas to be used in equipment.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =22- 6.2.2 Gas quality New SFg (sulphur hexafluoride) shall comply with IEC 60376, wh used SFg shall comply with IEC 60480. SF, handling shall be in accordance with IEC 61634. The maximum allowed moisture content within instrument transformer filled with gas at rated filling density for insulation shall be such that the dew-point is not higher than — 5 °C for a measurement at 20°C. Adequate correction shall be applied for measurement at other temperatures. For the measurement and determination of the dew point, refer to IEC 60376 and IEC 60480, 6.2.3 Gas monitoring device Gas-insulated instrument transformers having a minimum functional pressure above 0.2 MPa shall be provided with pressure or density monitoring device. Gas monitoring devices may be provided alone or together with the associated equipment. 6.2.4 Gas tightness 6.2.4.1 General The following specifications apply to all instrument transformers that use gas, other than air at atmospheric pressure, as an insulating medium. 6.2.4.2 — Closed pressure systems for g: The tightness characteristic of a closed pressure system stated by the manufacturer shall be consistent with a minimum maintenance and inspection philosophy. The tightness of closed pressure systems for gas is specified by the relative leakage rate Frei of each compartment; Standardized value is 0,5 % per year, for SFe and SFe-mixtures. Means shall be provided to enable gas systems to be safely replenished whilst the equipment is in service. NOTE Lower leakage rates can be specified according to national regulations and regional practice An increased leakage rate at extreme temperatures (if such tests are required in the relevant standards) is acceptable, provided that this rate resets to a value not higher than the maximum permissible value at normal ambient air temperature. The increased temporary leakage rate shall not exceed the values given in Table 4. In general, for the application of an adequate test method, reference is made to IEC 60068-2-17. Table 4 — Permissible temporary leakage rates for gas systems Temperature class Permissible tomporary “o leakage rate +40 and +50 Fe ambient temperature Fy -8 1-10 /-15 /-25 /-40 3 -50 8pLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =23- 6.2.5 Pressure relief device The device shall be protected against any accidental damage. For GIS instrument transformers refer to IEC 6271-203 Clause 5.105. 6.3 Requirements for solid materials used in equipment Specifications for organic material used for instrument transformers (i.e. epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy-cycloaliphatic resin, composite material etc.) either for indoor or outdoor installations are given in the IEC 60455 series. NOTE Tosts on complete instrument transformers taking into account some phenomenon like suddan change of temperature, flammability and aging ars not yet standardized. IEC 60660 for indoor insulation and IEC 61109 for ‘outdoor insulation can be used as guidance. 6.4 Requirements for temperature rise of parts and components 6.4.1 General The temperature-rise of windings, magnetic circuits and any other parts of instrument transformers shall not exceed the appropriate value given in Table 5, when operating under the specified rated conditions. These values are based on the service conditions given in clause 4.2.1 The temperature rise of the windings is limited by the lowest class of insulation either of the winding itself or of the surrounding medium in which it is embedded. If the instrument transformers are used within enclosures, attention shall be paid to the temperature reached by the surrounding cooling media within the enclosure, If ambient temperatures in excess of the values given in 4.2.1 are specified, the permissible temperature rise given in Table 5 shall be reduced by an amount equal to the excess ambient temperature.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC = 24 Table 5 — Limits of temperature rise for various parts, materials and dielectrics of instrument transformers Part of instruments transformer Tonperaere 7. Oirimmersed instrument transformers = top oil 50 = top oil, hermetically sealed 55 — winding average 60 = winding average, hermetically sealed 65 = Other metalic parts in contact with oil as for winding 2. Solid or gas insulated instrument transformers — Winding (average) in contact with insulating materials of the following classes(1): Y 45, oA 60 .E 75 8 85 oF 110 oH 135 — Other metallic parts in contact with the above As for insulating material classes Windings 3. Connection, bolted or the equivalent — Bare-copper, baré-copper alloy or bare~ aluminium alloy + inair 50 + insF6 75 + inoil 60 — Silver-coated or nickel-coated + inair 75 © in SF6 5 + ino 60, — Tin-coated * inair 65. + insF6 65 * inoil 60. (*) Insulating class definitions according to IEC 60085, 6.4.2 Influence of ititude on temperature-ris If an instrument transformer is specified for service at an altitude in excess of 1 000 m and tested af an altitude below 1000 m, the limits of temperature rise AT given in Table 5 shall be reduced by the following amounts for each 100 m that the altitude at the operating site exceeds 1 000 m (see Figure a) oil-immersed instrument transformer: 0,4 % b) dry-type and gas insulated instrument transformer: 0,5 %Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC = 26- 10 ott 0,95 09 a) 0.85 WT 08 0 1000 2.000 3.000 4000 5000 atom ‘The altitude correction factor forthe temperature rise K, = “7 hho with = AT, temperature rise at altitude h > 1 000 m and = ATpolimits of temperature rise AT specified in Table 4 at altitudes ho-<1 000 m. Figure 1 — Altitude correction factor for the temperature rise 6.5 Requirements for earthing of equipment 6.5.1 General The frame of each equipment device, if intended to be earthed, shall be provided with a reliable earthing terminal for connection to an earthing conductor suitable for specified fault conditions. The connecting point shall be marked with the “earth” symbol, as indicated by symbol No 5019 of IEC 60417 6.5.2 Earthing of the enclosure The enclosure of instrument transformers for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) shall be connected to earth. All metal parts which do not belong to a main or an auxiliary circuit, shall be earthed. 6.5.3 Electrical continuity The continuity of the earthing circuits shall be ensured taking into account the thermal and electrical stresses caused by the current they may have to carry. For the interconnection of enclosures, frames etc., fastening (e.g. bolting or welding) is acceptable for providing electrical continuity. 6.6 Requirements for the external insulation 6.6.1 Pollution For outdoor instrument transformers with ceramic insulators susceptible to contamination, the creepage distances for given pollution levels are given in Table 6. Creepage distances for polymeric or composite insulators are under consideration (by TC36).Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~26- Table 6 - Creepage distances Pollution level Minimum nominal specific Ratio = creepage distance @ distance divided by mmm =" ‘arcing distance Tight 16 38 1 Medium 20 il Heavy 25 4.0 IV Very heavy 3 Ratio of the craepage distance between phase and earth over the rm.s. phase-to-phase value of the highest voltage for the equipment (see IEC 60071-1), * For further information and manufacturing tolerances on the crospage distance, soe IEC 60815. [NOTE 1 Is recognized that the performance of surface insulation Is greaily affected by insulator shape: NOTE 2_ In very lightly pollutad areas, specific nominal creepage distances lower than 16 mmikV can be used (depending on eervice experience. A commonly adopted lower limit le 12 mmvkV. NOTE 3. In cases of excaptional pollution severly, a specific nominal craspage distance of 31 mm/kV may not be ‘adequate. Depending on service experience and/or on laboratory tast results, a higher valuo of specific croopage Iistance can be used, but in some cases the practicability of washing may have to be considered. 66.2 Altitude For installations at an altitude higher than 1000 m, the arcing distance under the standardised reference atmospheric conditions shall be determined by multiplying the withstand voltages required at the service location by a factor k in accordance with Figure 2 NOTE As the dislecric strongth of the internal insulation is not affected by altitude, the method used for checking the external insulation should be agreed between manufacturer and purchaserLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -27- 1000 «1500 «2000 e500 «3000-3500 += 4000 nm These factors can be calculated with the following equation’ k = em (H = 1000)150 where 4 Is the altitude in meters; m= for power-frequency and lightning impulse voltage; m=0,75 for switching impulse voltage Figure 2 ~ Altitude correction factor 6.7 Mechanical requirements These requirements apply only to instrument transformers having a highest voltage for equipment of 72,5 KV and above. The guidance for static loads that instrument transformers shall be capable of withstanding is given in Table 7. The figures include loads due to wind and ice. The specified test loads are intended to be applied in any direction to the primary terminals.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =28- Table 7 - Static withstand test loads ‘Static withstand tost load Fy N Highest voltage for equipmentU,, Instrument transformers with kv voltage terminals, current terminals Load Load clase 1 olase IL 72,5 10 100 500 1250 2500 123 to 170 1000 2000 3000 245 to 262 1250 2500 4000 2420 1500 4000 5000 NOTE 1 The sum of the loads acting in routinely operating conditions should not exceed 50 % of the specified ‘withstand test oad NOTE 2. In some applications instrument transformers with through current terminals should withstand rarely eccurring axtreme dynamic loads (0.9. short citcults) not exceading 1,4 times the static test load. NOTE 3. For some applications it may be necessary to establish the resistance to rotation ofthe primary terminals. The moment to be applied during the test has to be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. NOTE 4 In tho case of transformers integrated within other equipment (0.9.: switchgear acsomblios) the static, ‘withstand test loads of the respective equipment should not be diminished by tha integration process. 6.8 Multiple chopped impt ‘on primary terminal If additionally specified, the primary terminals of oil-immersed instrument transformers having Um2300 kV shall withstand multiple chopped impulses in accordance to Clause 7.4.2. NOTE Requirements and tests relate to the behaviour of the intemal shiolds and connections carrying high frequency transient currants, mainly due to diseannact switching operations. The test may also be applied to ‘ating below this level 69° Internal arc fault protection requirements These requirements apply to. oll-immersed and gas-insulated free-standing instrument transformers having U,, > 72,5 kV, for which internal arc fault protection class is additionally specified. NOTE 1 This test is not a guarantee against containmant under all short-circuit conditions, but a test to demonstrate conformance to an agreed level of safety NOTE 2. This tost is a now test and therefore the test pracedure may be improved in the future, If additionally specified, the instrument transformer shall be able to withstand an internal arc of the specified current and duration The applied current is an asymmetrical current. The rms current value should be selected from the standard symmetrical single-phase values of R10 range according to 4.5 of IEC 60694. The first peak value of the current shall be 1,7 times the rms current. NOTE Reduced internal arc tost levols should bo agroed betwoen the manufacturer and the purchaser. Experience has shown that selection of test currents equal to 100 % system fauit level, statistically requires degree of over-design of the transformer, since local fault levels are usvally significantly lower. The arc fault duration shall be according to Table 8. It shall be considered that compliance with these requirements is achieved if the instrument transformer passes the test described in 7.4.6.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =29- Table 8 — Arc fault duration and performance criteria internal are Nt | protection | ATCSUM internat are fault protection | Internal arc fault protection rms value “stage : class lass I a No external effect other than the 1 02 ‘operation of suitable pressure ao tele deviee. 2 0.5 | Fracture of the housing and tre | No fragmentation (bur-through or permited, but al projected fire acceptable) parts to be confined within the "No extemal effect other than the 1 Ot (catenin sree. ‘operation of suitable pressure sa Tele device. No fragmentation (burs-through or a 08 fire acceptable) 6.10 Degrees of protection by enclosures 6.10.1 General Degrees of protection according to IEC 60529 shall be specified, if applicable, for all enclosures of instrument transformers containing parts of the main circuit allowing penetration from outside, as well as for enclosures for appropriate low-voltage control and/or auxiliary circuits. 6.10.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects The degree of protection of persons provided by an enclosure against access to hazardous parts of the main circuit, control and/or auxiliary circuits shall be indicated by means of a designation specified in IEC 60529. The first characteristic numeral indicates the degree of protection provided by the enclosure with respect to persons, as well as.of protection. of the instrument transformers inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign bodies. IEC 60529 gives details of objects which will be “excluded” from the enclosure for each of the degrees of protection. The term “excluded” implies that solid foreign objects will not fully enter the enclosure and that a part of the body or an object held by a person, either will not enter the enclosure or, if it enters, that adequate clearance will be maintained and no hazardous part will be touched. NOTE Gonerally the dagree of protection of persons against access to hazardous parts of the main circult, or control or auxiliary circuit of instrument transformers, and the protection of the instrument transformers against ss, may be provided by the immediate surroundings of he instrument transformers, such as substation ing, module enclosure, and so on. Further protaction may be raquired as a feature of the instrument traneformers as a whole or parts of it. 6.10.3 Protection against ingress of water The degree of protection provided by an enclosure against ingress of water shall be indicated by means of a designation specified in IEC 60529. The second characteristic numeral indicates the degree of protection provided by the enclosure with respect to the dangerous effects of water, either of atmospheric origin or other.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -30- 6.10.4 Indoor instrument transformers For Instrument transformers for indoor installation, no degree of protection against harmful ingress of water according to the second characteristic numeral of the IP-code is specified (second characteristic numeral X). The recommended minimum degree of protection for low-voltage control and/or auxiliary enclosures for indoor instrument transformers is IP20 according to IEC 60529. This requirement is not applicable to installations where personnel cannot gain access to the Instrument Transformer without firstly de-energising the transformer and making safe through some controlled means (i.e. interlocking, documented operating instructions etc,). In this case the need for such external safety measures to the Instrument Transformer should be clearly stated in the product documentation, 6.10.5 Outdoor instrument transformers The recommended minimum degree of protection for low-voltage control and/or auxiliary enclosures for outdoor instrument transformers is IP44 according to IEC 60529. Instrument transformers for outdoor installation provided with additional protection features against rain and other weather conditions shall be specified by means of the supplementary letter W placed after the second characteristic numeral, or after the additional letter, if any. 6.10.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal service conditions Enclosures of instrument transformers shall be of sufficient mechanical strength. Corresponding tests are specified in 7.2.7.2. Porcelain insulators ate excluded from impact test. For indoor installation, the recommended level of protection against effects of mechanical impacts is impact level IK7 according to IEC 62262 For outdoor installation without additional mechanical protection, users may specify higher impact levels. 6.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 6.14.1 General ENC is the ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment [IEV 161-01-07]. For instrument transformers the following EMC requirements and tests are specified: — Requirement for emission (Radio Interference Voltage - RIV). Applicable to high voltage parts of the equipment. = _ Requirements for immunity. Only applicable to electronic parts of the equipment. — Requirement for transmitted overvoltages (special test), 6.11.2 Requirement for Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) The RIV requirement applies to instrument transformers having U,, = 123 kV to be installed in air-insulated substations. The radio interference voltage shall not exceed 2 500 pV at 1,1 Um/v3-Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -31- NOTE This requirement is Included to mest some electromagnetic compatibility regulations 6.14.3 Requirements for immunity The electromagnetic immunity requirements and tests are specified only for parts of instrument transformers containing active electronic components. Please refer to specific product standard IEC 61869-9 for details. 6.11.4 Requirement for transmitted overvoltages These requirements apply to instruments transformers having Up, > 72,5 KV. The overvoltages transmitted from the primary to the secondary terminals shall not exceed the values given in Table 8, under the test and measuring conditions desoribed in Clause 7.4.4. Type A impulse requirement applies to instruments transformers for air-insulated switchgear, while impulse B requirement applies to instruments transformers installed in gas insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS). Type A and B impulses are depicted in fig. 3. The transmitted overvoltage peak limits given in Table 9 and measured in accordance with the methods specified in 7.4.4 should ensure sufficient protection of electronic equipment connected to the secondary winding. Table 9 - Transmitted over voltage limits Type of impulse a 8 Peak value of the applied voltage (U,) B 2 4 6x2 xu, 16x*=xU,, v3 v3 Wave shape characteristics = conventional front time (7) 0;50ya420 % = = time to nalvalue (Ts) 2504s : front ime (7) 10s £20% = tall ength (7) : >100 ne Transmitted overvoiage peak valve tinits (U) 78K 16K NOTE 1 The wave-shape characteristics are representative of voltage oscillations due to switching operations. NOTE 2 See figuee 3Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~32- Uy (pu) oa 05 . 03 | ° — oF, , m Woveshne & — 4 uy (Puy ° = 0 nt Wovethpe 8 Figure 3 — Transmitted overvoltages measurement: Test impulse waveforms. 6.12 Corrosion Caution has to be taken against corrosion of the equipment during the service lif All bolted or screwed parts of the main circuit and of the enclosure shall remain easily demountable. Galvanic corrosion between materials in contact shall be considered because it can lead to the loss of tightness.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~33- Oxidation can be considered as self-protection against corrosion. Visual appearance shall remain acceptable. 6.13 Markings All instrument transformers shall carry at least the following markings: a) the manufacturer's name or other mark by which he may be readily identified b) the year of manufacture and a serial number or a type designation, preferably both ©) rated frequency d) highest voltage of equipment e) rated insulation level 4) temperature category 9) mass in kg (when 2 25) h) class of mechanical requirements (for Um272kV) NOTE The two items d) and ¢) may be combined into one marking (¢.9. 72.5/1401325 KV). All information shall be marked in an indelible manner on the instrument transformer itself or on a rating plate securely attached to the transformer. In addition, the following information should be marked: i) class of insulation if different from Class A; NOTE If several classes of insulating material are used, the one, which limits the temperature rise of the windings, should be indicated. On transformers with more than one secondary winding, the use of each Winding and its corresponding terminals should be indicated. |) all indications relative to the measuring characteristics (see specific standard) k) type of the insulating fluid I) rated filling pressure m) minimum functional pressure 1) insulating fluid volume (or mass) contained in the instrument transformer 6.14 Fire hazard See Annex C. 7 Tests 7.4 General 7.4.4 — Classification of tests The tests specified in this standard are classified as follows: ‘© Type test: a test made on equipment to demonstrate that all equipment made to the same specification complies with the requirements not covered by routine tests * Routine test: a test to which each individual piece of equipment is subjected. Routine tests are for the purpose of revealing manufacturing defects. They do not impair the properties and reliability of the test object ‘© Special test: a test other than a type test or a routine test, agreed on by manufacturer and purchaserLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~34— ‘+ Sample test: A selected type or speci instrument transformers out of a speci 7.1.2 List of tests d production batch The list of tests is given in Table 11 Table 10 - List of tests test performed on one or more complete Tests Subclause Type tests 72 Temperature-ise test 72.2 Impulse voltage test on primary terminals 72.3 Wiet test for outdoor type transformers 7.2.8 Electromagnetic Compatibillty tests 72.5 Tost for accuracy 72.8 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures 72.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 72.8 Pressure test for the enclosure 72.8 Routine teste 73 Power frequency vollage withstand tests on primary terminals 734 Parlial discharge measurement 732 Power frequency vollage withstand loste Between sections 73.3 Powersfrequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals 738 Test far accuracy 735 Verification of markings 738 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 737 Pressure test for the enclosure 73.8 Special tests 74 Chopped impulee vollage withstand test on primary terminals Tat Multiple chopped impulse tast on pilmary terminals 742 ‘Measurement of eapacilancs and dielectric dissipation factor 74.3 Tranamitted overvoltage test 748 Mechanical tests 745 Internal are fault test 74.8 Enclosure tightness test al low and high temperatures 7a? Gas dew point test 748 Carrasion teat 740 Fire hazard test 7.4.40 ‘Sample tests 75 For testing of gas-insulated instrument transformers, the type and pressure of the gas shall be according to Table 11Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~35- Table 11 — Gas type and pressure during type, routine and special tests. Test Gas type Pressure Dielectric, Rv? ‘Same fluid as in service Minimum functional pressure Aceuracy Temperature rise Internal are Shortcirouit Mechanical ‘Same fluld as in service Rated filing pressure Tightness, Gas dew point Transmitted overvoltages na Reduced pressure * For gas-insulated instrument transformers installed on GIS, the wet test and RIV test are not applicable. 7.1.3 Sequence of tests After the instrument transformer has been subjected to the dielectric type tests detailed in 7.2, it shall be subjected to all routine tests detailed In 7.3. For different types of instrument transformer, refer to product specific standards for further test sequence and routine testing If special tests have to be carried out, they may have influence on the sequence of tests. 7.2 Type tests 7.24 General All the dielectric type tests shall be carried out on the same instrument transformer, unless otherwise specified. All the type tests shall be carried out on a maximum of two specimens. NOTE A type test may also be considered valid if it is made on a transformer that has minor constructional deviations fom the instrument transformer under consideration. Such deviations should be subject to agreement between manufacturer and purchaser All the type tests shall be carried out at ambient temperature between 10 °C and 30 °C 7.2.1.4 Information for identification of specimen The manufacturer shall submit to the testing laboratory, drawings and other data containing sufficient information to unambiguously identify by type the essential details and parts of the equipment presented for test. Each drawing or data schedule shall be uniquely referenced and shall contain a statement to the effect that the manufacturer guarantees that the drawings or data schedules truly represent the equipment to be tested. After completion of verification, detail drawings and other data shall be returned to the manufacturer for storage The manufacturer shall maintain detailed design records of all component parts of the equipment tested and shall ensure that these may be identified from information included in the drawings and data schedules.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -36- NOTE 1 Manufacturers whose production systems have been certiied for compliance with ISO 9001 do satisty the previously mentioned requirements. The testing laboratory shall check that drawings and data schedules adequately represent the essential details and parts of the equipment to be tested, but shall not be responsible for the accuracy of the detailed information. Particular drawings or data required to be submitted by the manufacturer to the test laboratory for identification of essential parts of equipment have to be specified by the relevant standards. NOTE 2_ An individual type test need not be repeated for a change of construction deta, if the manufacturer can domonstrate that this change does not influance the result of that individual typo test Annex A gives list of drawings to be submitted 7.2.1.2 Information to be included in type-test reports The results of all type-tests shall be recorded in type-test reports containing: Identification file as prescribed in 7.2.1.1 and Annex A 2 Test arrangement details of the testing arrangements (including diagram of test circuit) general details of the supporting structure of the device used during the test photographs to illustrate the condition of equipment before and after test 3. Test data to prove compliance with the specification, test program records of the test quantities during each test, as specified in the relevant IEC standard statements of the behavior of the equipment during tests, its condition after tests and, if applicable, any parts renewed or reconditioned during the tests. conclusion 7.2.2 Temperature-rise test A test shall be made to prove compliance with 6.4. For this test, the transformer shall be mounted in a manner representative of the mounting in service. The temperature rise of windings shall, when practicable, be measured by the increase in resistance method, but for windings of very low resistance, thermocouples may be employed, The temperature rise of parts other than windings may be measured by thermometers or thermocouples. Instrument transformers shall be considered to have attained a steady-state temperature when the rate of temperature rise does not exceed 1 K/h. For identification of any key components on which temperature measurements are to be made and for further information regarding test arrangements and procedures, refer to product specific standards.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -37- 7.2.3 Impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals 7.2.3.4 General The impulse test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 6060-1, and, if any, in accordance with the relevant instrument transformer specific standards. The frame, case (if any) and core (if intended to be earthed) and all terminals of the secondary system shall be connected to earth. The impulse tests generally consist of voltage application at reference and rated voltage levels. The reference impulse voltage shall be between 50 % and 75 % of the rated impulse withstand voltage. The peak value and the wave shape of the impulse shall be recorded. Evidence of insulation failure due to the test may be given by variation in the wave shape at both reference and rated withstand voltage. Improvements in failure detection may be obtained by recording of the current(s) to earth as a complement to the voltage record. The test voltage shall have the appropriate value, given in Table 2 depending on the highest voltage for equipment and the specified insulation level. 7.2.3.2 Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals 7.2.3.2.1 Instrument transformers having U,, < 300 kV The test shall be performed with both positive and negative polarities. Fifteen consecutive impulses of each polarity, not corrected for atmospheric conditions, shall be applied, The following test procedure B of IEC 60060-1, adapted for HV equipment that has self- restoring and non-restoring insulation, is the preferred test procedure. The Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have passed the impulse tests for each polarity if the following conditions are fulfilled ‘each series (+ and ~) has at least 15 impulses; no disruptive discharges on non-self restoring insulation shall occur. This is confirmed by 5 consecutive impulse withstands following the last disruptive discharge. the number of disruptive discharges shall not exceed two for each series. This procedure leads to a maximum possible number of 25 impulses per series. No evidence of insulation failure shall be detected (e.g variation of the wave shape of the recorded quantities on routine tests which serve as verification tests) If disruptive discharges occur and evidence cannot be given during testing that the disruptive discharges were on self-restoring insulation, the IT shall be dismantled and inspected after the completion of the dielectric test series. If damage to non-sel-restoring insulation is observed, the Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have failed the test. NOTE The application of 15 positive and 15 negative impulses is specified for testing the external insulation. If other tests aro agreed between manufacturer and purchasor in order to check the external insulation, then, the umber of lightning impulsas may be reduced to three of each polarity, not carracted for atmospheric concltions, 7.2.3.2.2. Instrument transformers having Uy, > 300 kV The test shall be performed with both positive and negative polarities. Three consecutive impulses of each polarity, not corrected for atmospheric conditions, shall be appliedLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -38- The transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if: — no disruptive discharge occurs; — no other evidence of insulation failure is detected (e.g. variations in the wave shape of the recorded quantities on routine tests which serve as verification tests). 7.2.3.3 Switching impulse voltage test 7.23.31 General The test shall be performed with positive polarity. Fifteen consecutive impulses, corrected for atmospheric conditions, shall be applied. For outdoor-type transformers the test shall be performed under wet conditions. The wetting procedure shall be in accordance with IEC 60060-1 The following test procedure B of IEC 60060-1, adapted for HV equipment that has self- restoring and non-restoring insulation, is the preferred test procedure. The Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have passed the Impulse tests if the following conditions are fulfilled Test has at least 15 impulses; no disruptive discharges on non-solf restoring insulation shall occur. This is confirmed by 5 consecutive impulse withstands following the last disruptive discharge. the number of disruptive discharges shall not exceed two. This procedure leads to a maximum possible number of 25 impulses. No evidence of insulation failure shall be detected (¢.9 variation of the wave shape of the recorded quantities). If disruptive discharges occur and evidence cannot be given during testing that the disruptive discharges were on self-restoring insulation, the IT shall be dismantled and inspected after the completion of the dielectric test series. If damage to non-self-restoring insulation is observed, the Instrument Transformer shall be considered to have failed the test. NOTE Impulses with flashover to the walls or celings ofthe laboratory shall be disregarded, 7.2.4 Wet test for outdoor type transformer The wetting procedure shail be in accordance with IEC 60060- For instrument transformers having U,, < 300 kV, the test shall be performed with power- frequency voltage of the appropriate value given in Table 2 depending on the highest voltage for equipment applying corrections for atmospheric conditions. For instrument transformers having Up > 300 KV, the test shall be performed with switching impulse voltage of positive polarity, of the appropriate value given in Table 2, depending on the highest voltage for equipment and the rated insulation level. 7.2.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests 7.2.5.4 RIVtest As the radio interference voltage level may be affected by fibers or dust settling on the insulators, it is permitted to wipe the insulators with a clean cloth before taking a measurement.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -39- The following test procedure shall be followed: The instrument transformer, complete with accessories, shall be dry and clean and at approximately the same temperature as the laboratory room in which the test is made. The test should be performed under the following atmospheric conditions: ‘Temperature: from 10 °C to 30°C; Pressure: from 0,870 x 105 Pa to 1,070 x 108 Pa: Relative humidity: from 45 % to 75 %. NOTE 1 No correction factors for atmospheric conditions in accordance with IEC 60080-1 are applicable to radio interference tests The test connections and their ends shall not be a source of radio interference voltage. Shielding of primary terminals simulating the operation condition should be provided to prevent spurious discharges. The use of sections of tube with spherical terminations is recommended. ur my Las Tis the test transformer Ca is the test object Z isthe iter Bis the coon termination M is the measuring set with input resistance Ry z,+(n,+22Ru ) = 3000 TRE Zs, Cs, Lt, Rt, Re S00 CISPR 18-2 Figure 4 — RIV M suring circuit The test voltage shall be applied between one of the terminals of the primary winding of the test object (C,) and earth. The frame, case (if any), core (if intended to be earthed) and one. terminal of each secondary winding shall be connected to earth. The measuring circuit (see Figure 4) shall comply with CISPR 18-2. The measuring circuit shall preferably be tuned to a frequency in the range of 0,5 MHz to 2 MHz, the measuring frequency being recorded. The results shall be expressed in microvolls.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =40- The Impedance between the test conductor and earth, (Zs + (Ry + Rp // Ryy)) in Figure 4, shall be 300 © + 40 Q with a phase angle not exceeding 20° at the measuring frequency. A capacitor, Cg, may also be used in place of the filter Zs and a capacitance of 1 000 pF is generally adequate. NOTE 2. A specially designed capacitor may be necessary in order to avoid too low a resonant frequency The filter Z shall have a high impedance at the measuring frequency in order to decouple the power frequency source from the measuring circuit. A suitable value for this impedance has been found to be 10 000 22 to 20 000 @ at the measuring frequency. The radio interference background level (radio interference caused by external field and by the high-voltage transformer) shall be at least 6 dB (preferably 10 dB) below the specified radio interference level. NOTE 3. Care should be taken to avoid disturbances caused by nearby objects to the instrument transformer and tothe test and measuring circuits. Calibration methods for the measuring instruments and for the measuring circuit are give CISPR 18-2. A pre-stress voltage of 1,5xUp//3. shall be applied and maintained for 30 s The voltage shall then be decreased to 1,1xUm/v3 in about 10 s and maintained'to this value for 30 s before measuring the radio interference voltage. The instrument transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if the radio interference level at 1,1xUm/3 is in accordance with 6.11.2. 7.2.5.2 Immunity test. See IEC 61869-9, 7.2.6 Test for accuracy See specific standards. 7.2.7 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures 7.2.7.4 Verification of the IP coding In accordance with the requirements specified in 6.10, tests shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60529 on the enclosures of all parts of the fully assembled equipment as under service conditions. 7.2.7.2 Mechanical impact test In accordance with the requirements specified in 6.10.6, enclosures shall be subjected to an impact test. Three blows are applied to points of the enclosure that are likely to be the weakest points. Devices such as connectors, displays, etc. are exempt from this test. The use of a spring-operated impact test apparatus as defined in IEC 60068-2-75 is recommended. After the test, the enclosure shall show no breaks, the deformation of the enclosure shall not affect the normal function of the instrument transformer, and shall not reduce the specifiedLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -4t- degree of protection. Superficial damage, such as removal of paint, breaking of cooling ribs or similar parts, or minor indentations can be ignored. 7.2.8 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.2.8.1 closed pressure systems for gas The tightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers shall prove compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4.2 and shall be performed on a complete transformer at ambient temperature 20 + 10 °C. The method shall be the cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as specified by IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Qm test). Every opening present on the transformer enclosure shall be sealed with the original sealing device. The transformer shall be filled with the same gas mixture as used in service at the rated filling pressure at 20 °C ambient temperature. The sensitivity of the leakage measurement shall be such as to detect a leakage rate corresponding to about 0,25 Ye/year. NOTE 1 The sensitivity of a leakage measurement changes with the sensitivity of the leakage meter, with the capacity of the volume of measurement and with the time between two concentration measurements. The test shall be started after at least one hour from the completion of the filling of the instrument transformer, in order to allow stabilisation of the leakage flow. NOTE 2 The tightnoss typo tost is not necessary if the routine tightness test is performed using the cumulative ‘method (test method 1 of Gm tes!) 7.2.9 _ Pressure test for the enclosure For gas-insulated, metal-enclosed instrument transformers, refer to 6.103 of IEC 6271-203. For insulators of gas-insulated instrument transformers, refer to IEC 62155 and IEC 61462-2. 7.3. Routine tests 7.31 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals, The power-frequency withstand test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60060-1 The test voltage shall have the appropriate value given in Table 2, depending on the highest voltage for equipment. The duration shall be 60 s, unless otherwise specified. The test voltage shall be applied: + between the primary terminals and earth + between primary terminals, where applicable. The secondary terminals, the frame, case (if any) and core (if there is a special earth terminal) shall be connected to earth, Repeated power-frequency tests on primary terminals should be performed at 80 % of the specified test voltage.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~42- 7.3.2 Partial discharge measurement 7.3.24 — Test circuit and instrumental The test circuit and the instrumentation used shall be in accordance with IEC 60270. Some examples of test circuits are shown in Figures 5 to 7. Zz IT T is the test transformer IT isthe instrument transformer to be tested jis the coupling capacitor Mis the PD measuring instrument Zmy_is the measuting impedance Z isthe filter Figure 5 - Test circuit for partial discharge measurement Zz ° t IT T am Symbols a8 in Figure 5 Figure 6 — Alternative circuit for partial discharge measurementLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -43- Cas ° £ Symbols as in Figure 5 2 is the fter (not present if Cis the capacitance of the test transformer) yy Is the auxiliary PD free object Zt and Zyyz 218 tho measuring impedances Figure 7 — Example of balanced test circuit for partial discharge measurement The instrument used shall measure the apparent charge q expressed in picocoulomb (pC). Its, calibration shall be performed in the test (see an example in Figure 8). Zz ° =o Symbols as in Figura 5 is the impulse generator with capacitance CO T Is the test transformer for partial discharge measurement IT {isthe instrument transformer to be tested CIs the coupling capacitor M_ Is the PD measuring instrument 2 iathe titer Figure 8 — Example of calibration circuit for partial discharge measurement ‘A wide-band instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 100 kHz with a upper cut-off frequency not exceeding 1,2 MHz.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC =44- Narrow-band instruments shall have their resonance frequency in the range 0,15 to 2 MHz. Preferred values should be in the range from 0,5 to 2 MHz bul, if feasible, the measurement should be performed at the frequency which gives the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity shall allow detection of a partial discharge level of 5 pC. NOTE 1 The noise must be sufficiently lower than the sensitivity. Pulses that are known to be caused by external disturbances may be disregarded. NOTE 2. For the suppression of external noise, the balanced test cicult (see Figure 7) is appropriate NOTE 3 When electronic signal processing and recovery are used to reduce the background noise, this must be demonstrated by varying its parameters so that it allows the detection of repeatedly occurring pulses 7.3.2.2. Partial discharge test procedure After a prestressing performed according to procedures A or B, the partial discharge test voltages specified in Table 3 are reached, and the corresponding partial discharge levels are measured in a time within 30 s. The measured partial discharge shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 3. Procedure A: the partial discharge test voltages are reached while decreasing the voltage after the power-frequency withstand test. Procedure B: the partial discharge test is performed after the power-frequency withstand test The applied voltage is raised to 80 % of the power-frequency withstand voltage, maintained for not less than 60 s, then reduced without interruption to the specified partial discharge test voltages. If not otherwise specified, the choice of the procedure is left to the manufacturer, The test method used shall be indicated in the test report. 7.3.3 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections This test is applicable only to instrument transformers having more than one section. The test voltage according to 5.3.4 shall be applied for 60 s in turn between the short circuited terminals of each section The frame, case (if any), core (if there is a special earth terminal), and the terminals of all the other terminals or sections shall be connected together and to earth, 7.3.4 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals The test voltage according to 5.3.5 shall be applied for 60 s in turn between the short circuited terminals of each winding and earth. The frame, case (if any), core (if there is a special earth terminal), and all the other terminals shall be connected to earth. 7.3.5 Test for accuracy See specific standards. 7.3.6 Verification of markings It shall be verified that the nameplate and terminal markings are correct.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~45— 7.3.7 Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature 7.3.7.4 Closed pressure systems for gas The tightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers shall prove compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4 and shall be performed on a complete transformer at ambient temperature (20 + 10) °C. If possible, the method will be the cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as specified by IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Qm test). Leakage detection using a sniffing device may be used. If a leak is detected with the leakage detector, then the leakage shall be quantified using the cumulative method, The test should be started at least one hour after the filling of the transformer in order to reach a stabilised leakage flow. The sensitivity of the leakage measurement shall be such as to detect a leakage rate corresponding to about 0,25 %lyear. 7.3.7.2 Liquid systems The purpose of tightness tests is to demonstrate that there is no leakage The object under test shall be assembled as in the service condition with all its accessories and its normal fluid, mounted as close as possible to that in service (ie. framework, fixing ete.) 7.3.8 Pressure test for the enclosure Refer to 7.2.9. I tests 7.4 Spe 7.4.1 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals The test shall be carried out with negative polarity only and combined with the negative polarity lightning impulse test in the manner described below. The voltage shall be a standard lightning impulse as defined in IEC 60060-1, chopped between 2s and 5 ys. The chopping circuit shall be so arranged that the amount of over swing of opposite polarity of the recorded impulse shall be limited to approximately 30 % of the peak value. The test voltage of the full impulses shall have the appropriate value, given in Table 2 depending on the highest voltage for equipment and the specified insulation level. The chopped impulse test voltage shall be in accordance with 6.3.3.2 The sequence of impulse applications shall be as following: a) for instrument transformers having Up < 300 kV: = one full impulse; — two chopped impulses (four chopped impulses for unearthed voltage transformers); = fourteen full impulses. For unearthed voltage transformers, two chopped impulses and approximately half of the 15 full impulses shall be applied to each terminal. b) for instrument transformers having Up, > 300 kV:Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -46- = one full impulse; = two chopped impulses; = two full impulses. Differences in the wave shape of full-wave applications before and after the chopped impulses are an indication of an internal fault. Flashovers during chopped impulses along self-restoring external insulation shall be disregarded in the evaluation of the behavior of the insulation. 7.4.2 Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals The test should be made to prove compliance with 6.8. The test shall be performed by applying multiple impulses of negative polarity chopped close to the crest. The test voltage shall be applied between the primary terminals (connected together) and earth for CT’s, and between the primary high voltage terminals and the primary earth terminals for earthed voltage transformers. The frame, case (if any), core (if intended to be earthed) and all the terminals of the secondary winding(s) shall be connected to earth + The prescribed peak value of the test voltage shall be 70 % of the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage. The impulse front of the test voltage should be 1,2/50 is wave. ‘+ The virtual duration of voltage collapse, measured according to IEC 6060-1, shall not exceed 0,6 is and the circuit shall be so arranged that the over swing to opposite polarity of the impulse shall be approximately 30 % of the prescribed peak voltage. 800 consecutive impulses shall be applied, approximately at a rate of 1 impulse/minute NOTE The number of impulses could be reduced to 100 by agreomont between the manufacturer and the purchaser The wave shape shall be recorded at the beginning and at the end of the test, as well as after a minimum of every 100 impulses. The criteria for evaluating the result should be based on the following requirements: = the comparison of the impulse voltages recorded at the beginning and after each 100 impulses should not give evidence of any modification which could be attributed to internal discharges; = the level of the partial discharges measured should not exceed the values of Table 3; — the measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor measured before and after at least 24 h from the conclusion of the test. The results should be the same, apart from the uncertainty attributed to the test method used and to the effects of negligible quantities that may influence the result (e. g., temperature of the insulating materials); = the increase of the dissolved gases in oil, measured 72 h after the test, shall not exceed the following values: = hydrogen (Ha): 20 ull (minimum detectable level 3 LIM), = methane (CH,): Suulll (minimum detectable level: 0.1 pil) = acetylene (CoH): 1 ul (minimum detectable level: 0.1 pl). Oil sampling procedure should be in accordance with IEC 60567 When any of the indicated requirements is not met, the instrument transformer shall be considered to have failed the test.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -47- 7.4.3 Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor purpose is to check the uniformity of the production. Limits for the permissible variations may be the subject to an agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. The test shall be carried out after the power-frequency withstand test on the primary terminals. For a CVT this test shall be applied both before and after. The dielectric dissipation factor is dependent on the insulation design, and on both voltage and temperature. Its value at U,,/V3 and ambient temperature normally does not exceed 0,008, The test shall be performed with the instrument transformer at ambient temperature, the value of which shall be recorded. The values of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (tan 8) shall be referred to the tated frequency and to a voltage level in the range from 10 KV to Um//3- NOTE Dielectric dissipation factor testis not applicable to gas-insulated instrument transformers 7.4.4 Transmitted overvoltage test This test is made to prove compliance with 6.11.4. A low voltage impulse (U3) shall be applied between one of the primary terminals and earth (see Figure 9). For instrument transformers for GIS, the impulse shall be applied through a 50 Q coaxial cable adapter according to Figure 10. The enclosure of the GIS section shall be connected to earth as planned in service. For other applications, the test circuit shall be as described in Figure 9.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~48- 1m ° o RO Figure 9 - Transmitted overvoltage measurement: General test configuration 200k G Test generator Z 80 coax feed-through terminator CRO Cathode Ray Oseilloscope Cc, —Test Voltage Ce Transmitted Valtage Z 500 coax cable Ze Load Figure 10 - Transmitted overvoltages measurement: Test circuit and GIS Test configuration (CT)Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -49- The terminal(s) of the secondary winding(s) intended to be earthed shall be connected to the frame and to earth. The transmitted voltage (Uy) shall be measured at the open secondary terminals through a 50 © coaxial cable terminated with the 50 input impedance of an oscilloscope having a bandwidth of 100 MHz or higher which reads the peak value. NOTE 1. Other test methods to avoid the intrusion of the instrumentation may be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. if the instrument transformer comprises more than one secondary winding, the measurement shall be successively performed on each one of the windings. In the case of secondary windings with intermediate tapings, the measurement shall be performed only on the tapping corresponding to the full winding. Tho overvoltages transmitted to the secondary winding (U,) for the specified overvoltages (U,) applied to the primary winding shall be calculated as follows U, = UpxUZIU In case of oscillations on the crest, a mean curve should be drawn, and the maximum amplitude of this curve is considered as the peak value U; for the calculation of the transmitted voltage. NOTE 2 Amplitude and frequency of the oscillation on the voltage wave may affect the transmitted voltage: The instrument transformer is considered to have passed the test if the value of the transmitted overvoltage does not exceed the limits given in Table 9, 7.4.5 Mechanical tests The tests are carried out to demonstrate that an instrument transformer is capable of complying with the requirements specified in 6.7. The instrument transformer shall be completely assembled, installed in a vertical position with the frame rigidly fixed. Liquid-immersed instrument transformers shall be filled with the specified insulation medium and submitted to the operating pressure. Gas insulated free-standing instrument transformers shall be filled with specified gas or gas mixture at rated filling pressure. For each of the conditions indicated in Table 12, the test loads shall be increased smoothly within 30 to 90s to the test load values according to Table 7. When the value is reached, it will be maintained for at least 60 s. During this time the deflection shall be measured. The test load shall then be released smoothly and the residual deflection shall be recorded, The instrument transformer shall be considered to have passed the test if there is no evidence of damage (deformation, rupture or leakage).Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -50- Table 12 - Modalities of application of the test loads to be applied to the line primary terminals Instrument Wodality of application Tranetonner ty6 Horizontal With voltage Vertical Horizontal to ach ‘eminal AN Fe wih tnough -{-} curtent terminals Ne Vertical to each tommlnal The est oad shal be apple to the nie oft terminal 7.4.8 Internal are fault test The test should be made to prove compliance with 6.9. The instrument transformer shall be equipped with all accessories and shall be mounted to simulate service conditions. The base of the transformer shall be mounted on a pedestal of at least 500 mm high. For gas- insulated instrument transformers, the filling pressure shall not be less than the rated filling pressure at 20 °C. For the internal arc fault test, a containment area encircling the object under test for projected parts shall be defined. The diameter of this area shall be equal to the transformer diameter (largest dimension) plus twice the spacimen height, with a minimum diameter of 2m The test shall be carried out with the transformer initially at ambient temperature. The test current frequency shall be between 48 Hz to 62 Hz The test current shall be the one specified in clause 6.9. The tolerances admitted are the following: — 45% onthe r.m.s. valueLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -81- — 45% on the duration The power of the supply shall be sufficient to practically maintain the sinusoidal arc fault current throughout the entire duration of the test. The are inside the test object can be incepted by a wire of 1 mm to 3mm diameter placed between the high and low voltage shield through the main insulation or by means of an equivalent device. For gas insulated instrument transformers, the arc inception shall be located in the highest dielectric stressed area. For oil-immersed instrument transformers, the location of the arc inception shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE For top core oil-immersed current transformers, in_many cases the area in which fallure in service is initiated fe located in the Upper part of the main ineulation. For hair pin oll-mmersed inetrument traneformors this area is generally located in the bottom part of the main insulation. The instrument transformer is considered to have successfully passed the test if the performance criteria described in clause 6.9 is met. In the event that an instrument transformer of similar design is already qualified, the manufacturer shall provide the documents demonstrating the ability of the non qualified instrument transformer to withstand an internal arc fault without performing any additional test. 7.4.7 Enclosure tightness tests at low and high temperatures The tightness test on the enclosure of gas-insulated instrument transformers shall prove compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.4.2 and shall be performed on a complete transformer at the specified extreme limits of the temperature category. The method shall bé the’ cumulative method for closed pressurised systems as| specified by IEC 60068-2-17 (test method 1 of Om test). Every opening present on the transformer enclosure shall be sealed with the original sealing device. The position of the transformer may be different from the service position due to physical limitations of the environmental chamber. The ambient temperature shall be measured with a minimum of three sensors located at approximately 0,3 m from the transformer and equally distributed along its height. The test shall be started after at least one hour from the completion of the filling of the instrument transformer, in order to allow stabilisation of the leakage flow. The two series of tests shall be performed as follows: * the measurement of the leakage rate shall be performed at ambient temperature (20 + 10°C); ‘+ the temperature of the environmental chamber shall be decreased (or increased) to the lower (or higher) limit corresponding to the temperature category of the transformer at an average rate of £10 K/h; + the transformer shall be maintained at the minimum (or maximum) temperatures for at least 24 h, with a tolerance of +5 K, before taking the measurement of the leakage rate;Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC —52- ‘+ the measurement of the leakage rate is carried out at low (or high) temperature; the temperature of the environmental chamber shall be increased (or decreased) to the ambient temperature at an average rate of #10 K/h; © the measurement of the leakage rate after the transformer has stabilised at ambient temperature (20 + 10 °C). 7.4.8 Gas Dew point test The gas dew-point shall be determined 24 h after gas filling, as a routine or a sample test, in order to prove compliance with the requirements given in 6.2.2. The dew-point determination shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60376 or IEC 60480 24 h after refilling If not otherwise agreed, the choice of the test modality Is left to the manufacturer. 7.4.9 Corrosion test 7.4.9.1 Test procedure A specific corrosion test should be performed according to the relevant IEC standard; reference is made to IEC 60068-1. The test may be performed on representative models using the same materials as the instrument transformer under consideration. As example — The tested equipment shall be submitted to environmental testing Ka (salt mist) according to IEC 60068-2-11. The duration of the test is 168 h long. — In addition, for painted surfaces, the resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulphur dioxide shall be tested according to |SO 3231 7.4.9.2 Criteria to pass the test — The tightness of the representative model shall not be affected by corrosion, either by visual inspection or by measurement. = Ifthe surface is painted, no trace of degradation shall be noticed = the concerned functionality of the representative model must not be affected — the dismantling of the assemblies shall not be affected = the degree of corrosion, if any, should be indicated in the test report. 7.4.10 Fire hazard test See Annex C 7.5 Sample tests See Annex D 8 Rules for transport, storage, erec ion and maintenance See Annex B.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -53- 9 Safety High-voltage equipment can be safe only when installed in accordance with the relevant installation rules, and used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions in term of: = electrical aspects mechanical aspects = thermal aspects High-voltage equipment shall only be operated and maintained by competent persons. Where possible it shall only be accessible to such competent persons but where unrestricted access is available to instrument transformers, additional safety features may be required. 10 Influence of products on the natural environment The need to minimize the impact of instrument transformers during all phases of their life on the natural environment is now recognized. The IEC guide 109 gives guidance with regard to life cycle impacts, recycling and disposal at the end of life. The manufacturer should specify information regarding any environmental aspects of the Instrument Transformer during service life, dismantling of the equipment and disposalLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -54- Annex A (normative) Identification of test specimen AA General The following data and drawings, as applicable, shall be submitted by the manufacturer to the testing laboratory, in respect of each test and sample (but not necessarily included in the test report). Information to be included in the test report is given in 7.2.1.2. A2 Data manufacturer's name; = type designation, ratings and serial number of IT; = outline description of IT — rated characteristics of fuse links and protective devices, if any, A3 Drawings Example of drawing to be submitted Drawings to be submitted Drawing content {as applicable) Circuit diagram Type designation of principal components (General layout Overall dimensions Enclosure (8) Pressure-relief devices Conducting parts of main cirouit Earthing connections Electrical clearances to earth, Liquid or gas insulation type andl level Location and type designation of insulators Datalled drawings of insulators Material Dimensions (including profile and crespage distances) Detalled drawings of paris of the main ciroult and | Dimensions and materal of principal paris manoeleted compensa Dotaile of terminals (dimensions, primary and eecondary materials) Electrical dlagram of auxiliary and control circuits | Type designation of all components, (if applicabie}Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -55- Annex B (informative) Rules for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance B.1 General It is essential that the transport, storage and installation of Instrument transformers, as well as their operation and maintenance in service, be performed in accordance with instructions given by the manufacturer Consequently, the manufacturer should provide on time instructions for the transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance of Instrument transformers. B.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation A special agreement should be made between manufacturer and purchaser if the service conditions defined in the order, cannot be guaranteed during transport and storage. Special precautions may be essential for the protection of insulation during transport, storage and installation, and prior to energising, to prevent moisture absorption due, for instance, to rain, snow or condensation. Vibrations during transport should be considered. Appropriate instructions should be given. Gas insulated instrument transformers should be filled to a pressure sufficient to maint positive pressure during transportation. A factory filling pressure of 1,3 x 10° Pa abs a 20 °C is appropriate for all IEC instrument transformer temperature categories. B.3__ Installation B.3.1 General For each type of Instrument Transformer the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer should at least include the items listed below. 8.3.2 Unpacking and lifting Required Information for unpacking and lifting safely, including details of any special lifting and positioning devices which are necessary, should be given. At the arrival on site and before the final filling, the instrument transformer should be checked according to the manufacturer instructions. For gas insulated instrument transformers, the gas pressure measured at ambient temperature should be above the atmospheric pressure. B33 Assembly When the Instrument transformer Is not fully assembled for transport, all transport units should be clearly marked. Drawings showing assembly of these parts should be provided with the Instrument transformer. 8.3.4 Mounting Instructions for mounting of Instrument transformers, operating devices and auxiliary equipment should include sufficient details of locations and foundations to enable site preparation to be completed.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -56- B.3.5 Connections Instructions should include information on: a) connection of conductors, comprising the necessary advice to prevent overheating and unnecessary strain on the Instrument transformers and to provide adequate clearance distances; b) connection of auxiliary circuits; ©) connection of liquid or gas systems, if any, including size and arrangement of piping; 4) connection for earthing; e) type of cable to be connected at the secondary terminals: the manufacturer should indicate a recommended cable. B.3.6 Final installation inspection Instruction should be provided for inspection and tests which should be made after the Instrument transformer has been installed and all connections have been completed. These instructions should include: — a schedule of recommended site tests to establish correct operation; — procedures for carrying out any adjustment that may be necessary to obtain correct operation; — recommendations for any relevant measurements that should be made and recorded to help with future maintenance decisions; = instructions for final inspection and putting into service. NOTE Whon an optical systom is used, itis important to verify its intagrty and to perform functional tests during final inspection to ensure that no physical damage has occurred to the fibre during installation. The results of the tests and inspection should be recorded in a commissioning report. Gas insulated instrument transformers should be submitted to the following final checking: Measurement of gas pressure The pressure of the gas measured at the end of filling and standard atmospheric air conditions (20 °C and 101,3 kPa) should be not less than the rated filling pressure. = Measurement of the Dew point The gas dew point at rated filling pressure should not exceed —5 °C when measured at 20°C. Adequate corrections should be applied for measurement at the other temperatures. — Enclosure tightness check The check should be performed with the probing method for closed pressurized systems as specified for the routine test (7.3.7.1). The check should be started at least one hour after the filling of the transformer in order to reach a stabilized leakage flow. The check can be limited to gaskets, over pressure device, valves, terminals, manometers, temperature sensors etc. using a suitable leak detector. B.4 Operation The instructions given by the manufacturer should contain the following information: a general description of the equipment with particular attention to the technical description of its characteristics and all operational features provided, so that the purchaser has an adequate understanding of the main principles involved; — the minimum wake up current (when applicable);Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -87- = a description of the safety features of the equipment and their operation; = as relevant, a description of the action to be taken to manipulate the equipment for maintenance and testing. B.5 Maintenance General The effectiveness of maintenance depends mainly on the way instructions are prepared by the manufacturer and implemented by the purchaser Recommendation for the manufacturer a) The manufacturer should issue a maintenance manual including the following information: 1) maintenance frequency and active time; 2) detailed description of the maintenance work; — recommended place for the maintenance work (Indoor, outdoor, in factory, on site,...); = procedures for inspection, diagnostic tests, examination, overhaul, check of functionality (imits of values and tolerances, for example, optoelectrical component operating efficiency); = reference to drawings: = reference to part numbers (when applicable); — use of special equipment or tools (cleaning and degreasing agents); = precautions to be observed (e.g; cleanliness). 3) Comprehensive drawings of the details of the instrument transformers important for maintenance, with clear Identification (part number and description) of assemblies, sub -assemblies and significant parts. NOTE _ Expanded detailed drawings which indicate the relative position of components in assemblies and ‘Sub-asemblios are a recommended illustration method 4) List of recommended spare-parts (description, reference number, quantities etc.) and advice for storage. 5) Estimate of active scheduled maintenance time. 6) How to proceed with the equipment at the end of its operating life, taking into consideration environmental requirements. b) The manufacturer should inform the users about corrective actions required by possible systematic defects and failures where necessary. ©) Availability of spares: The manufacturer should be responsible for ensuring the continued availability of recommended spare parts required for maintenance for a period not less than 10 years from the date of the final manufacture of the instrument transformer. Recommendations for the purchaser a) If the purchaser wishes to do his own maintenance, he should ensure that his staff are suitably qualified as well as having a detailed knowledge of the Instrument transformer. b) The purchaser should record the following information: — the serial number and the type of the Instrument transformer; = the date when the Instrument transformer is put in service; the results of all measurements and tests including diagnostic tests carried out during the life of the Instrument transformer; = dates and extent of the maintenance work carried out;Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -58- — the service history, including records of the Instrument transformers measurement during and following a special operating condition (e.g. fault and post fault operating state); — references to any failure report. ©) In case of failure and defects, the purchaser should make a failure report and should inform the manufacturer by stating the special circumstances and measures taker Depending upon the nature of the failure, an analysis of the failure should be made in collaboration with the manufacturer. d) In case of disassembling for reinstallation in the future, the purchaser must record the time and the storage conditions. B.6 Failure report The purpose of the failure report is to standardize the recording of the Instrument transformers failures with the following objectives: = to describe the failure using a common terminology; to provide data for the purchaser statistics; to provide a meaningful feedback to the manufacturer; The following gives guidance on how to make a failure report A failure report should include the following whenever such data is availabl ')_entfication of the Instrument traneformars which failed = substation name: — identification of the Instrument transformer (manufacturer, type, = ratings) umber, — Instrument transformer construction (cil or SF6 insulation, self supported or Busbar “supported, mechanical coupled to a circuit breaker or not) = _ Instrument ansformie’s Technology used: (air core col Iron care coll, optical) = location (indoor, outdoor) B)_History of the Instrument transformers: = history of the storages = dato of commissioning of the equipment = dato of falure/dotoct, = date of last maintenance: —_ dato of the last visual cheoking of the oil level indicator = details of any changes made to the equipment since manufacture: — condition of the Insirument tansiormers whon the fallure/dofect was discovered (in sorvice, maintanance, st). @ Wontifeation of the sub-assemblylcomponent responsible for the pimary fallureidetect: —_ high-voltage strossed components = electrical control and availiary circus; other components, “d)_ Stresses praaumed contributing to the fallura/defect = _ environmental conditions (lemperature, wind, snow, Ice, polation, lightning, ete) = arid conditions (= ching operations, lure of other equipment...) = others 2) Classification of the falure/dafect = _ major failure,Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC ~59- ‘minor failure: detect. ‘Origin and cause of the fallure/derect origin (mechanical, electrical, electronic, tightness if applicable), ‘cause in tho opinion of the person having established the report (design, manufacture, inadequate instructions, incorrect mounting, incorrect maintenance, stresses beyond those specified, etc) a) Consequences of the fallures or defect Instrument transformers downtime: time consumption for repair Tabor cost; ‘spare parts cost A failure report may include the following information: drawings, sketches; photographs of defective components; single-line station diagram; records or plots; reference to maintenance manualLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -60- Annex C (informative) Fire hazard Fire hazard As the risk of fire is present, the likelihood of fire should be reduced under conditions of normal use, and even in the event of foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction or failure. The first objective Is to prevent ignition due to an electrically energized part. The second objective is to limit the impact of the fire. When possible, materials should be chosen or the parts designed in such a way that they retard the propagation of fire in the equipment and reduce harmful effects on the local environment. In the case where product performance requires the use of flammable materials, product design should take flame retardation into account, where possible. The information supplied by the manufacturer should enable the purchaser to make risk evaluation during normal and abnormal operation, Guidance is given on Table C.1 Table C.1 - Fire hazard of electro tech al products Guidance for sarde due to fires ing the fire hazard Minimization of toxic hi (EC a0695-1-1 1EC 0895-7-1 Fire hazard test If requested, based on IEC 60695:Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -61- Annex D (informative) Sample test Sample test definition A selected type or special test performed on one or more complete instrument transformers out of a specified production batch. Sample tests In order to monitor the required adequacy of the production series, the manufacturer should define, execute and document the sample test program according to the production quantities (e.g. every 300 units of the same type defined by the same type test reports). The recommended sample test Is the lightning Impulse test on the primary terminals.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC IEC 60038: IEC standard voltages IEC 60028: International standard of resistance for copper IEC 60068-2: Environmental testing - Part 2: tests A: Cold IEC 6071-2: Insulation co-ordination ~ Part 2: Application guide IEC 60121: Recommendation for commercial annealed aluminium electrical conductor wire IEC 60255-22-1: Electrical relays — Part 22-1: Electrical disturbance tests for measuring relays and protection equipment ~ 1 MHz burst immunity tests IEC 60455-1: Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation IEC 60565: Calibration of hydrophones IEC 60599:1978, Interpretation of the analysis of gases in transformers and other oil-filled electrical equipment in service IEC 60660: Insulators = Tests on indoor post insulators of organic material for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 kV up to but not including 300 kV. IEC 60664-1: Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems ~ Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests IEC 60869: Fibre optic attenuators IEC 60943: Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical IEC 61000 (all parts): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) IEC 61000-4-4: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ~ Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques — Electrical fast transient/burst immunity tests IEC 61000-4-5: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ~ Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques — Surge immunity tests IEC 61000-4-8: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques — Power frequency magnetic field immunity tests IEC 61000-4-10: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-10: Testing and measurement techniques — Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity tests IEC 61000-4-11: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques — Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests IEC 61000-4-12: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-12: Testing and measurement techniques — Ring wave immunity tests IEC 61000-4-13: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques — Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity testsLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Jun 17 07:11:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61869-1/FDIS © IEC -63- IEC 61000-4-29: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques — Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests IEC 61109 + Amendment 1: Composite insulation for a.c.bv overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1000 V. Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria. IEC 61161: Ultrasonic power measurement in liquids in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 25 MHz IEC 61181: impregnated insulated materials: Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests on electrical equipment IEC 61462: Composite insulators — Hollow insulators for use in outdoor and indoor electrical equipment IEC 62262: Degree of protection IK code IEC 62271-001: Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards IEC 62271-100: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear ~ Part 100: High-voltage alternating- current circuit-breakers CISPR 14: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment - Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics — Limits and method of measurement. CISPR 16-1: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus CISPR 18-2: Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment ~ Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits.