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THY L HA HI
[in thoi: 097.529.0903
Facebook: L Ha Hi Fanpage: ThayLeHoaHai
a ch: SN 8/18 Nguyn Hng, ng a, HN ]

---------

H Ni, 10/2016

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CHUYN TON LP 4 -5 DNH CHO PH HUYNH

Li ng:

Tha cc anh/ ch ph huynh. Qua nhiu nm hot ng trong lnh vc gio dc, em nhn thy
rng, a s cc anh/ ch ph huynh bt u thy kh khn vi nhng dng ton gip con hc bi
khi con bc vo lp 4, lp 5.

Lp 4, 5 l lp quan trng l nn tng cho con c c kin thc vng chc bc vo cp 2.

Hiu c iu , em son mt vi chuyn m cc ph huynh thng gp kh khn, hay

hi trn cc din n, nhm gip cc ph huynh lm ch c phng php gii ton tiu hc,
gip con mnh hc tp tt nht.

Em hi vng ti liu s hu ch cho anh ch . Em xin cm n!

DNG TON V TRUNG BNH CNG

I. Nhc li l thuyt cho con

1. Bn cht ca Trung bnh cng l chia u.

V d: M c 12 qu cam, chia u cho 3 anh em, th mi ngi c 12 : 3 = 4 qu cam.

Ta ni rng: Trung bnh (hay trung bnh cng ) mi ngi c 4 qu cam.

Lu : Phi hiu r, ly i lng no chia u , s c kt qu trung bnh ca i lng y

V d: C 20 con g trng v 30 con g mi, nht vo 10 chung. Hi trung bnh mi chung c

a) Bao nhiu con g mi?

b) Bao nhiu con g trng?

c) Bao nhiu con g?

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

i vi cu a, Trung bnh mi chung c bao nhiu con g mi? Nh vy i lng ly chia

u l 30 con g mi, chia u cho ci g? Cho 10 chung.

Vy, trung bnh mi chung c s g mi l: 30 : 10 = 3 (con g)

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Tng t, i vi cu b, c

2. Cc bi ton trung bnh cng c th chia thnh 4 dng (Theo quan im c nhn)

Dng 1: Mun tm trung bnh cng (TBC) ca nhiu s, ta tnh tng cc s ri chia tng

cho s cc s hng.

V d:

a) Trung bnh cng ca 4 v 6 l: (4 + 6) : 2 = 5

b) Trung bnh cng ca 1 ; 7 v 10 l: (1 + 7 + 10) : 3 = 6

Dng 2: Khi bit Trung bnh cng ca nhiu s, mun tnh tng cc s , ta ly trung bnh

cng nhn vi s cc s hng.

V d:

a) Bit TBC ca hai s l 7, th Tng ca hai s l: 7 x 2 = 14

b) Bit TBC ca ba s l 8, th Tng ca ba s l: 8 x 3 = 24

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

Theo nh ngha, tnh TBC ca 9 s (chng hn) th : TNG : 9 = TBC, mun tnh TNG, th

ging nh tm S b chia cha bit, ta ly thng nhn vi s chia.

Dng 3: Trung bnh cng ca dy s cch u

Trung bnh cng ca dy s cch u bng tng ca s u v s cui ca dy, ri chia cho 2.

V d : Dy s 2;4;6;8;10;12 c trung bnh cng l: (2 + 12) : 2 = 7

Lu : Nu dy c s cc s hng l s l th TBC chnh bng s chnh gia dy s .

V d: Dy s 2;4;6;8;10 c 5 s hng (l s l), s chnh gia l s 6 ( v tr th 3) nn TBC ca

dy l 6.

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

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Lu : S cc s hng l s l, ch khng phi dy s l.

V d: dy 1; 2 ; 3 ; 4 c 4 s hng, dy 5; 10; 15 c 3 s hng

Dng 4: Vn dng s gii bi ton trung bnh cng

Bi ton: Hng c 8 vin bi, Mnh c nhiu hn trung bnh cng ca hai bn l 2 vin bi. Hi

Mnh c bao nhiu vin bi?

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

Bi ton Trung bnh cng gii bng phng php v s , c thc hin qua 3 bc:

Bc 1: Coi trung bnh cng s bi ca 2 bn l 1 on thng, th Tng s bi ca 2 bn l 2 on

thng

Bc 2: Ta c s

Bc 3: Da vo s , xc nh c gi tr mt phn hay Trung bnh cng.

Bi gii:

Coi trung bnh cng s bi ca 2 bn l 1 on thng

Ta c s :

Trung bnh cng:

2
Tng s bi:

Mnh =? Hng = 8
Da vo s , ta c gi tr 1 phn hay trung bnh cng l: 8 + 2 = 10 (vin)

S bi ca Mnh l: 10 + 2 = 12 (vin)

p s: 12 vin

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II. Bi tp p dng

Bi 1.1. (Dng 1) Lp 4A c 32 hc sinh, lp 4B c 37 hc sinh, lp 4C c 36 hc sinh. Hi trung

bnh mi lp c bao nhiu hc sinh.

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

y l bi ton thun, cc con ch cn p dng ng cng thc l xong.

Bi gii:

Tng s hc sinh ca ba lp l: 32 + 37 + 36 = 105 (hc sinh)

Trung bnh mi lp c s hc sinh l: 105 : 3 = 35 (hc sinh)

p s: 35 hc sinh

Bi 1.2. (Dng 1) Mt i hc sinh tham gia trng cy gm 3 t. T 1 c 7 ngi, mi ngi

trng c 12 cy, t 2 gm 8 ngi trng c 90 cy, t 3 gm 10 ngi trng c 76 cy.
Hi trung bnh mi hc sinh trng c bao nhiu cy?

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

- y l bi ton thun, cc con ch cn p

dng ng cng thc l xong.
- Cc dng bi tng t thng gp nh l:
Cng nhn o ng, cng nhn dt,.

Bi gii:

S cy t 1 trng c l: 7x12 = 84 (cy)

S cy c 3 t trng c l: 84+90+76 = 250 (cy)

S hc sinh c 3 t tham gia trng cy l: 7+8+10 = 25 (ngi)

Trung bnh mi hc sinh trng c s cy l: 250 : 25 = 10 (cy)

p s: 10 cy

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Bi 2.1. (Dng 2) Trung bnh cng ca hai s l 168. Trong mt s l s b nht c ba ch s.

Tm s cn li.

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

y l bi ngc, tc l bit trung bnh cng , ta tnh tng ca cc s.

Bi gii:

S b nht c ba ch s l: 100

Tng ca hai s l : 168 x 2 = 336 (n v)

S cn li l: 336 100 = 236 (n v)

p s: 236 n v

Bi 2.2. (Dng 2) Theo k hoch 4 tun cui nm, mt cng nhn phi dt trung bnh mi tun
168 m vi. tun u cng nhn dt c 150 m vi, tun th hai dt c hn tun th nht 40
m vi, tun th ba dt km tun th hai 15 m vi. Hi mun hon thnh k hoch th tun th bn
ngi cng nhn phi dt bao nhiu mt vi?
[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

y l bi ton tnh ngc. Anh/ ch cn tnh

tng c 4 tun lm vic sau tr i 3 tun
bit th s ra tun cn li.

Cc dng bi tng t thng gp nh l: Hi

tui ca mt ngi trong mt nhm ngi.

Bi gii:

Theo k hoch 4 tun cng nhn dt s mt vi l: 168x4 = 672 (m)

Tun 2 dt c s mt vi l: 150+40 = 190 (m)

Tun 3 dt c s mt vi l: 190- 15 = 175 (m)

Tun th 4 cng nhn phi dt s mt vi l: 672 150 190 175 = 157 (m)

p s: 157 m

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Bi 2.3. (Dng 2) Mt i bng v ch Euro,

c tui trung bnh ca 10 cu th (khng tnh i
trng) l 21 tui. Nu tnh c i trng th tui
trung bnh ca c i l 22. Hi i trng bao
nhiu tui.

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

y l bi ngc, Ch cn tnh tng tui ca 11 cu th v tng tui ca 10 cu th, ri tr i cho

nhau.

Bi gii:

Tng s tui ca 10 cu th l: 21 x 10 = 210 (tui)

Tng s tui ca 11 cu th (tnh c i trng ) l : 22 x 11 = 242 (tui)

Tui ca i trng l: 242 210 = 32 (tui)

p s: 32 tui

Bi 3.1. (Dng 3) Tm 5 s l lin tip, bit trung bnh cng ca chng bng 123

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

Anh/ch hng dn cho ng nh l thuyt trn.

Bi gii:

Dy c 5 s l lin tip l mt dy s cch u nn trung bnh cng ca n l s chnh gia.

S chnh gia trong 5 s l s th ba, nn s th ba l: 123

S th t l 123 + 2 = 125 , S th nm l 125 + 2 = 127

S th hai l 123 2 = 121 , s th nht l 121 2 = 119.

p s: 119;121;123;125;127

Bi 3.2. (Dng 3) Tm 4 s chn lin tip, bit trung bnh cng ca chng bng 73

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[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

[Lu : Ch hiu c li gii sau khi hc chuyn Tm hai s khi bit tng v hiu ]

- T trung bnh cng, tm c tng ca s u v s cui.

- Hai s chn lin tip hn km nhau 2 n v, nn tm c hiu ca s u v s cui.

Bi gii:

Tng ca s u v s cui ca dy l: 73 x 2 = 146

Trong 4 s chn lin tip, s c 3 khong, mi khong hn km nhau 2 n v, nn hiu gia s

cui v s u ca dy l: 3 x 2 = 6

S u l: (146 6) : 2 = 70

Vy dy s l: 70;72;74;76

p s: 70;72;74;76

Bi 4.1. (Dng 4) Doremon c 24 vin bi. Nobita c 16 vin bi. Xuka c s bi bng trung bnh
cng ca 3 bn. Hi Xuka c bao nhiu vin bi?
[Anh/ ch hng dn con]
y l bi ton trung bnh cng kt hp v s .
Tng s bi ca 3 bn bng TBC nhn 3, nn ta v s gm 3
on bng nhau.

Bi gii:
Coi trung bnh cng s bi ca 3 bn l 1 on thng
Ta c s sau:

Trung bnh cng :

Tng s bi ca 3 bn :

Doremon + Nobita = 40 vin Xuka =?

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Da vo s , ta c gi tr 2 phn l: 24 + 16 = 40 (vin)

Gi tr 1 phn hay s bi ca Xuka l: 40 : 2 = 20 (vin)

p s: 20 vin

Bi 4.2. (Dng 4) Xe th nht ch c 30 tn hng, xe th hai ch c 50 tn hng. Xe th ba

ch nhiu hn trung bnh cng ba xe l 10 tn hng. Hi xe th ba ch bao nhiu tn hng.

[Anh/ ch hng dn con]

y l bi ton trung bnh cng kt hp v s .
Nhiu hn trung bnh cng, th v on di hn trung bnh cng (t hn lm tng t)

Bi gii:
Coi trung bnh cng s hng 3 xe ch c l 1 on thng
Ta c s sau:
Trung bnh cng:
10 t
Tng s hng ca ba xe

Xe1 + Xe 2 = 80 t Xe 3

Da vo s , ta thy gi tr 2 phn l : 30 + 50 + 10 = 90 (tn)

Gi tr 1 phn hay trung bnh cng l : 90 : 2 = 45 (tn)

Xe th ba ch c s tn hng l : 45+10 = 55 (tn)

p s: 55 tn

THY CHC CC CON HC TP TT!

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