Giao An Chuyen de 01

TRNG THPT LIN SN T NGOI NG - TI LIU GING DY CHUYN MN TING ANH KHI 12
PHN I. PHONETICS STRESS TRNG M

Bui 1 - Bi 1. RULES TO MARK STRESS QUI TC NH TRNG M
I. Definitions:
1. Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) m t - l thnh phn nh
nht ca m thanh (gm nguyn m v ph m)
2. Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated. m tit l ting
pht ra khi mt hoc nhiu m t c pht m.
3. Stress: The degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced.
ln hay thng tr v m ca mt m tit khi mt chm m ca mt t (c t hai m tit tr
ln) c c, ni hay pht m.
II. Rules to mark stress:
1. Di-syllable words:
a. Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesnt contain the vowel
sounds of //, /I/, and /u/, on the first syllable of the other words. (trng m thng ri vo m
tit th 2 i vi ng t - tr cc m tit th 2 cha nguyn m //, /I/, hoc /u/, ri vo m tit
th nht i vi cc t loi cn li). As: mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight,
afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,
b. Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes (i vi nhng t c mang
tin t, hu t, trng m thng ri vo m tit gc). As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant,
begin, failure, threaten, daily, treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,
c. Be careful with words with different word-class. (i vi nhng t m bn thn c nhiu chc
nng t vng ta p dng qui tc a). As
Verb Other words Verb Other words Verb Other words
rebel rebel Record record conflict conflict
progress progress Export export permit permit
suspect suspect conduct conduct
PRACTICE EXERCISE - BI TP THC HNH
1. Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.
1. A. paper B. tonight C. lecture D. story
2. A. money B. army C. afraid D. people
3. A. enjoy B. daughter C. provide D. decide
4. A. begin B. pastime C. finish D. summer
5. A. abroad B. noisy C. hundred D. quiet
6. A. passion B. aspect C. medium D. success
7. A. exist B. evolve C. enjoy D. enter
8. A. doctor B. modern C. corner D. Chinese
9. A. complain B. machine C. music D. instead
10. A. writer B. baker C. builder D. career
11. A. provide B. adopt C. happen D. inspire
12. A. result B. region C. river D. robot
13. A. constant B. basic C. irate D. obvious
14. A. become B. carry C. appoint D. invent
15. A. engine B. battle C. career D. rabies
Exercise 1/30
1. We couldnt have managed without my fathers money.
If it hadnt been for my fathers money, we couldnt have managed.
2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back..
3. It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England.
The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to WR...
4. If my members agree to that, Ill be very surprised, said the union delegate.
The union delegate observed that.. he would be very surprised if his members agreed..
5. While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time.
Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time...
GV: VN BNH- binhbac72@gmail.com; dovanbinh.gvlienson@vinhphuc.edu.vn; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 1/36
6. Im sorry I missed Professor Bakers lecture.
Im sorry not to have heard/attended Pro Bakers lecture.
7. We may not be able to give the concert. The concert. may have to be cancelled.
8. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test.
It came. as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test..
--------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 1 -------------------------------------------------
Bui 2 - Bi 1. RULES TO MARK STRESS QUI TC NH TRNG M

2. Words with more than two syllable:
a. Usually on the 3rd syllables from the end (trng m thng ri vo m tit th ba k t m tit
cui): As. family, cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate,
qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility
b. Usually on the 2nd syllables from the end with words ending in ian, ic, ience, ient, al,
ial, ual, eous, ious, iar, ion(i vi cc t c tn cng nh lit k, trng m
thng ri vo m tit lin trc ca cc tn cng ny th 2 k t m tit cui). As: physician,
experience, expedient, parental, essential, habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,
(Except for: Television)
c. Usually on the suffixes ese, ee, eer, ier, ette, oo, esque (i vi cc t c tn
cng nh lit k, trng m thng ri vo chnh cc m tit cha cc tn cng ny). As:
Portuguese, refugee, employee, engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,
PRACTICE EXERCISE - BI TP THC HNH
1. Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.
1. A. interesting B. surprising C. amusing D. successful
2. A. understand B. engineer C. benefit D. Vietnamese
3. A. applicant B. uniform C. yesterday D. employment
4. A. dangerous B. parachute C. popular D. magazine
5. A. beautifully B. intelligent C. redundancy D. discovery
6. A. comfortable B. employment C. important D. surprising
7. A. variety B. irrational C. industrial D. characterize
8. A. colorful B. equality C. dictionary D. vegetable
9. A. elegant B. regional C. musical D. important
10. A. difference B. suburban C. internet D. character
11. A. beautiful B. effective C. favorite D. popular
12. A. attraction B. government C. borrowing D. visit
13. A. difficulty B. individual C. population D. unemployment
14. A. biology B. redundancy C. interviewer D. comparative
15. A. conversation B. isolation C. traditional D. situation
Notes: - Trn thc t khng c mt qui tc bt bin cho vic xc nh v tr trng m ca t.
- Vic xc nh trng m cn thc hin cng cch pht m, da nhiu vo kinh nghim.
- Nhng bi tp c cung cp l nhng bi tp c tn sut s dng ln son thi.
2. Exercise 2/30
1. John inflated the tyres of his bicycle. (blew) John blew up the tyres of his bicycle.
2. Wed better leave them a note, because its possible theyll arrive later (case)
Wed better leave them a note in case they arrive later
3. Before he came here he worked for Mr. Smiths. (previous)
Before the came here, his previous boss/employer was Mr. Smiths.
4. He speaks German extremely well (command) He has an excellent command of German
5. His criticisms are quite unfair. (justification) There is no justification for his criticisms
6. I cant understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract (baffled)
I am baffled by their reluctance to sign the contract
7. I always find chess problems like that quite impossible. (defeat)
Chess problems like that (always) defeat me!
8. This must be kept secret. (know) You mustnt let anyone (else) know (this)
9. I cant afford a new dress, that old blue one will have to do. (make)
I cant afford a new dress. Ill (have) to make do with that old blue one
Bui 3 - Bi 2. PRONUNCIATION C PHIN M - (N TP)
A. NHNG QUI TC C BN V CCH PHT M.
pht m ting Anh tng i chun, cc nh chuyn mn ngh ra mt h thng k hiu phin
m, ngi c da vo m c cho d. Phin m quc t c hip hi Phin m Quc T t ra
gi tt l I. P. A. c B Gio Dc Vit Nam dng mt cch chnh thc trong cc sch gio khoa.
B. B K HIU PHIN M QUC T.
I. NGUYN M (VOWELS)
[i] m c trong t sit, hit [:] m c trong t floor, four
[i:] m c trong t seat, leave [] m c trong t put
[e] m c trong t bed, get [:] m c trong t blue
[] m c trong t map, have, bank, back [] m c trong t but, cup
[a:] m c trong t far, car, star [//] m c trong t again, obey
[] m c trong t not, hot [:/ :] m c trong t fur
Ghi ch: Du [:] l k hiu cho ta bit t phi c ko di.
Du [:] t sau nguyn m no th nguyn m phi c ko di.
II. NGUYN M I (DIPH THONGS)
[ei ] m c trong t : lake, play, place. [ ] m c trong t : nose, so
[ai ] m c trong t : five, hi, high [i] m c trong t : near, hear
[i] m c trong t : boy [e] m c trong t : hair, pair
[a ] m c trong t : now, how [u] m c trong t : sure, poor
III. NGUYN M BA (TRIPTHONGS)
[ai] m c trong t : fire, hire [au] m c trong t : flour, sour
[ei] m c trong t : player.
IV. PH M (CONSONANTS).
[]: m c trong t : long, song [h]: m c trong t : hat, hot
[]: m c trong t : this, that, then [t]: m c trong t : tea, take
[q]: m c trong t : thanks, think [k]: m c trong t : cat, car.
[]: m c trong t : should, sure []: m c trong t : usual.
[t]: m c trong t : change, chin [z]: m c trong t : zero
[d]: m c trong t : just [g]: m c trong t : game, get
[r]: m c trong t : red, read [ju:]: m c trong t : tube, huge.
[l]: m c trong t : well, leader [s ]: m c trong t : sorry, sing
Ch : Nhng k hiu [w] v [ju:] khng cn coi l ph m na m coi l bn nguyn m.
C 2 cch vit m u: [u] hoc []
Exercise 3/30
1. I only recognized him when he came into the light.
Not until he came into the light did I recognize him
2. That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false.
There is(absolutely) no truth in that rumor about the politician and the construction contract
3. One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race.
One runner was so exhausted (that) he couldnt/was unable to complete the last lap of the race
4. My mother was the most warm-hearted person Ive ever known.
Ive never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (was)
5. They never made us do anything we didnt want to do.
We were never made to do anything we didnt want to
6. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
Had it not been for the death of the PM the bill would have been passed/got through
7. It is quite pointless to complain. Theres no point in complaining
--------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 3 -------------------------------------------------
Bui 4 - Bi 2. CCH PHT M CA MT S NGUYN M V PH M.
1. Nguyn m A
1.1: A c l [] Trong nhng t 1 m tit, tn cng l 1 hay nhiu ph m.
Examples: Lad [ld]: con trai Dam [dm]: p nc
Fan [fn]: ci qut. Map [mp]: bn
* Trong m tit mang trng m ca t nhiu m tit v ng trc 2 P.
Examples: Candle [`kndl]: nn Captain [`kptn]: i u,
Calculate [`kkjuleit] : tnh Unhappy [n`hpi]: bt hnh
1.2: A c l [ei] Trong t mt m tit c tn cng l: A+ P+ E
Examples: Bate [beit] : gim bt Cane [kein] : cy gy
Late [leit] : mun Fate [feit] : s phn
* Trong tn cng ATE ca ng t
Examples: To intimate [ìntimeit]: cho hay To deliberate [`dilibreit]: tnh k cng
* Trong m tit trc tn cng -ION v -IAN
Examples: Nation [nein]: quc gia Translation [trns`lein] : bi dch
Preparation [prep`rein] : s chun b Asian [èin] : Ngi chu
* Ngoi l: Companion [km`pnjn] : bn ng hnh Italian [i`tljn] : Ngi Italia
Librarian [lai`brerin] : th th Vegetarian [vedi`terin] : Ngi n chay
1.3: A oc l [:] Trong t mt m tit tn cng l LL
Examples: All [:ll] : tt c Call [k:ll] : goi in
Tall [t:ll] : cao ln Small [sm:ll]: nh nhn
1.4: A c l [] (Ngoi l: way [wei] : con ng Waste [weist] : lng ph)
* Trong nhng m tit c trng m ca mt t , hoc t mt m tit bt u bng W.
Examples: Was [wz] : to be Want [wnt] : mun
Wash [w] : tm ra Watch [wt] : xem
1.5: A c l [a:] Tn cng bng R hoc R+ P hoc trong m tit ca t khi A ng trc R+ P
Examples: Bar [ba:] : chn song Far [fa:] : xa xi
Star [sta:] : ngi sao Barn [ba:n] :va thc
Harm [ha:m] : tn hi Charm [ta:m]: quyn d
Departure [di`pa:t] : s khi hnh Half [ha:f] : mt na
1.6: A c l [e] Trong mt s t c tn cng l ARE (* Ngoi l:are [a:])
Examples: Bare [be] : tr tri Care [ke] : s cn then
Dare [de] : dm Fare [fe] : tin v
Ware [we] : hng ho Prepare [pri`pe]: chun b
1.7:A c l [i] Trong tn cng - ATE ca tnh t
Examples: Itimate [ìntimit]: mt thit Animate [`nimit]: linh hot, sng ng
Delicate [`delikit]: t nh, mng mnh
* Trong tn cng - AGE ca danh t 2 m tit.
Examples: Village [`vilid]: lng qu Cottage [`ktid] : nh tranh
Shortage [`:tid]: tnh trng thiu ht Damage [`dmid] : s thit hi
Courage [`krid]: lng can m Luggage [`lgid] : hnh l
1.8: A c l [] Trong nhng m tit khng c trng m.
Examples: Aain [`gein] : li, ln na Balance [`blns] :s thng bng
Explanation [ekspl`nein]: s giI thch Capacity [k`psti] : nng lc
2. Cch c nguyn m E
2.1: E c l [e] (Ngoa l: Her [h:] : ca c y Term [t:m] : hc k)
* Nhng t 1 m tit tn cng bng 1 hay nhiu P(tr R).Hoc trong m tit c trng m ca 1 t
Examples: Bed [bed] : ging Get [get] : ly, tm
Met [met] : gp g Them [em] : h
Debt [det] : mn n Send [send] : gi
Member [`memb] :thnh vin November [no`vemb]: thng 11
2.2: E c l [i:] Khi ng lin trc tn cng P+ E v trong nhng t be, she, he, me
Examples: Cede [si:d] : nhng b Scene [si:n] : phong cnh
Complete [kmpli:t] : hon ton Benzene [ben`zi:n] : cht benzen
2.3: E c l [i] Trong nhng tin t BE, DE, RE
Examples: Begin [bi`gin]: bt u Become [bi`km] : tr thnh
Decide [di`said] : quyt nh Return [ri`t:n] : tr v
Remind [ri`maid] : gi nh Reorganize [ri`:gnaiz] : t chc li
2.3: E c l []
Examples: Silent [`sailnt]: yn lng Open [òupn] : m
Chicken [tikn]: tht g Generous [`denrs] : ho hip
Exercise 4/30
1. You cant possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 oclock. (question).
There is no question of supper being ready by 8 oclock
2. It is my opinion that there is no advantage in further discussion. (see)
As far as I can see, there is no advantage in further discussion
3. Please excuse Janes poor typing. Shes only been learning for a month. (allowances)
Please make allowances for Janes poor typing; shes only been learning for a month
4. There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test. (bound)
That young man is bound to fail in this test
5. Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous. (contrary)
Contrary to (its) (harmless) appearance, the dog was in fact quite dangerous
6. If Smith hadnt broken his leg, he would have played football for England. (represented).
If Smith hadnt broken his leg, he would have represented England
7. This hotel is inaccessible in winter. (possible)
Its not possible to get to/to reach this hotel in winter
8. As far as I know he is still working in Bristol. (knowledge).
To (the best of) my knowledge, he is still working in Bristol
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 4 ----------------------------------------------------

3. Cch c AI
3.1: AI c l [ei] * Khi AI ng trc 1 P tr R
Examples: Mail [meil] : th t Sail [seil] : bi thuyn
Wait [weit] : ch i Said [seid] : ca say
Afraid [`freid]: e s Nail [neil] : mng
3.2: AI c l [e]: * Khi ng trc R
Examples: Air [e] : khng kh Fair [fe] : bnh ng
Hair [he] : tc Pair [pe] : cp i Chair [te] : gh ta
4. Cch c AU
4.1: AU c l [:] * Trong hu ht cc t cha AU
Examples: Fault [f:lt] : li lm Launch [l:nt] : h thu
Audience [`:dins]: khn gi Daughter [`d:t] : con gi
4.2: AU c l [a:] Trong mt s t m ta phi ghi nh
Examples: Aunt [a:nt] : c, d thm m Laugh [la:f] : ci
5. Cch c AW * Tt c cc t cha AW thng c l [:]
Examples: law [l:] : lut php Draw [dr:] : ko, li, v
Crawl [kr:l] : b, b l Dawn [d:n] : bnh minh
6. Cch c AY AY thng c c l [ei] trong hu ht cc t cha AY
Examples: Clay [klei] : t st Day [dei] : ngy Play [plei] : chi, v kch
Tray [trei] : khay Stay [stei] : li Pay [pei] : tr
* Ngoi l cn ghi nh: Quay [ki:] : bn cng
Mayor [me] : th trng Papaya [p`pai] : u
7. Cch c EA
7.1: EA c l [e] Trong cc t nh : Head [hed] : u, u no
Bread [bred] : bnh m Breath [breq] : hi th
Breakfast [`brekfst]: ba n sng Steady [`stedi]: vng chc, u u
Jealous [`dels] : ghen tung Measure [`me] : o lng
Leather [`le] :da thuc Pleasure [`ple]: nim vui, nim vinh hnh
7.2: EA c l [i:] Trong cc t nh: East [i:st] : phng ng
Easy [i:zi] : d dng Heat [hi:t] : sc nng
Beam [bi:m] : tia sng Dream [dri:m] : gic m
Breathe [bri:] : th, thi nh Creature [`kri:t]: to vt, ngi
7.3: EA c l [:] Trong cc t nh: Learn [l:n] : hc
Earth [:q] : tri t Heard [h:d] : qu kh ca hear
Earn [:n] : kim sng Pearl [p:l] : vin ngc
7.4: EA c l [e] Trong cc t nh: Bear [be] : con gu
Pear [pe] : qu l Tear [te] : x rch
Wear [we] : mc Swear [swe] : th
7.5: EA c l [i] Trong cc t nh: Tear [ti]: nc mt
Clear [kli] : r rng Beard [bi:d] :ru
7.6: EA c l [ei] Trong cc t nh: Great [greit]: v i, to ln
Break [breik] : lm v Steak [steik] : lt mng
Exercise 5/30
1. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike
2. He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery.
He received a sentence of six months for his part in the robbery
3. You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar.
There is no limit/restriction to how much you eat at the new lunch-bar
4. She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well.
She wasnt so deaf/hard of hearing that she couldnt hear the phone
5. You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs. Jones.
Mrs. Jones is the most generous person you will/could ever meet/ (be likely) to meet
6. My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year.
I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year
7. It was his incompetence which led to their capture.
If he hadnt been so incompetent they wouldnt have been captured
8. Im certainly not going to give you any more money.
I have no intention of giving you any more money
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 5 ----------------------------------------------------

8. Cch c EE
8.1: EE c l [i:] Trong cc t nh: see [si:]: trng, they
Free [fri:] : t do Heel [hi:l] : gt
Cheese [ti:z] : ph mt Agree [`gri:] : ng
8.2: EE c l [i] Khi EE ng trc tn cng R ca 1 t.
Examples: Beer [bi] : bia ru Cheer [ti] : s vui v
Deer [di] : con nai Career [k`ri] : ngh nghip
9. Cch c EI
9.1: EI c l [i:] Trong cc t nh: Ceiling [`si:lih] : trn nh
Deceive [disi:v]: la o Receipt [ri`si:t] : giy bin lai
9.2: EI c l [ei] Trong cc t nh:
Eight [eit] : s 8 Weight [weit] : trng lng
Freight [freit] : hng ho trn tu Neighbour [`neib]: hng xm
* Trong cc t nh: Other [ài]: cI ny hay cI kia Height [hait] : chiu cao
9.3: EI c l [e] Trong cc t nh::
Heir [e] : ngi tha k Their [e] : ca h
9.4: EI c l [e] Trong cc t nh::
Leisure [`le] : s nhn ri Heifer [`hef]: b ni t
10. Cch c EX
10.1: EX c l eks Khi EX l m tit mang trng m:
Examples: exercise [èkssaiz] : bi tp Excellent [èkslnt]: tuyt ho
10.2: EX c l iks
* Khi EX l m tit khng mang trng m, ng trc 1 P:
Examples: Explain [iks`plein]: giI thch Experience [iks`pirins] : kinh nghim
Experiment [iks`perimnt]: th nghim Expensive [iks`pensiv] : t
10.3: EX c l igz EX l m tit khng mang trng m, ng trc 1 nguyn m hoc m H cm
Examples: Examine [ig`zmin]: st hch, kim tra Existence [ig`zistns]: s hin hu
Exhibit [ig`zibit] : trng by, trin lm Exhausted [ig`z:stid] : kit sc.
11. Cch c EY
11.1: EY c l ei Trong cc t nh:
They [ei] : h Prey [prei] :cu nguyn
Grey [grei] : xm Obey [`bei] : vng li
11.2: EY c l i: Trong cc t nh: Money [`mLni:] : tin
Storey [`stri:] : tng, lu Key [ki:] : cha kho
Exercise 6/30
1. I dont think there will be any applicants for this post. (likelihood)
There is little/no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post
2. It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news (hardly)
Susan could hardly believe the good news
3. You must make allowances for his inexperience. (account)
You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience
4. This contract is not binding until we both sign it. (bound)
Neither (one) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it
5. He wasnt to blame for the accident. (fault)
The accident was not his fault.
6. You shouldnt take his help for granted. (assume)
You should /do not assume (that) he will help you
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 6 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 7 - Bi 3. PHN II. TENSES N TP V NG PHP

I. The simple present tense:
1. The form
(+) S + V (-) S + dont/ doesnt + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V?
2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly. (She never comes late)
- To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street)
- To denote a true fact. (The earth moves around the Sun)
3. The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/ - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/
occasionally/ - the proof of constant truth.
4. Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/ (The train leaves at 9.00)
- The division of be, have, can, may, must,
II. The present progressive tense:
1. The form:
(+) S + am/ are/ is + V-ING (-) S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING (?) Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING?
2. The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking. (She is teaching Maths)
- To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/(She is coming soon)
3. The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/
- follow a command, request,
4. Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,)
- The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/
want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/( use the simple
present instead )
III. The present perfect tense:
1. The form:
(+) S + have/ has + P.P (P2) (-) S + havent/ hasnt + P.P (P2) (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P (P2)
2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still
happening at present. (We have lived here since 1990)
- To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using just.
(She has just come from New York)
- To denote unfulfilled actions with yet. (He hasnt come yet)
- To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using already. (We have already seen that film)
3. The recognition: - just = recently = lately. - ever/ never (comments)
- already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present).
Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding ed./ irregular verbs learn by heart)
- The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense.
- The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions happening, or will happen. The
tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/
S + have/ has + been + V-ING
IV. The simple past tense:
1. The form: (pV = the past form of verbs)
(+) S + Pv (-) S + didnt + V (?) Did + S + V?
2. The usage: - To denote a finished past action. (We went to the park together)
- To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past.
(She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.)
3. The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/ - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/
4. Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular V-ED/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular
verbs list)) - ED pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/.
V. The past progressive tense:
1. The form:
(+) S + was/ were + V-ING (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ING (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ING?
2. The usage: - To denote past happening actions. (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night)
- To denote past interrupting actions. (She was watching T.V when I came)
3. The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/
- time clause with when, while = as.
Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only. (When I heard a knock at the
door, I came to open it. When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action.
VI. The past perfect tense:
1. The form:
(+) S + had + P.P (P2) (-) S + (hadnt) + P.P (P2) (?) Had + S + P.P (P2)?
2. The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain
point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense). e.g: She had sold all the
baskets before 9.00 yesterday. She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday.
3. The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/
- The past perfect progressive S + had been + V-ING
VII. The simple future tense:
1. The form:
(+) S + will/ shall + V (-) S + will/ shall + V (?) Will/ Shall + S + V?
- shall is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses.
- The negative forms will not = wont, shall not = shant.
2. The usage: - To denote future actions. (They will build more hospitals)
- To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/(The car will start in-time)
3. The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,/ - next week/ month/ year/..
4. Notes: shant is not used in conditional sentences./ shall is used as a suggestion/ invitation/.
Exercise 7/30
1. Our hotel booking hasnt been confirmed.
We havent received confirmation of/about our hotel booking (yet).
2. The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday.
According to the salesman my new car would/will be delivered next Wednesday
3. The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude.
There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude.
4. Its not certain that Jones will get the job.
It is open to question (as to) whether Jones will get the job.
5. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.
No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining
6. As I get older, I want to travel less. The older I get the less I want to travel.
7. A house in that district will cost you at least 100,000$.
You wont be able to buy/get a house in that district for less than/under $100.000
8. Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness.
Alans illness was caused by/ due to/the result of his working too hard at the office.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 7 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 8 - Bi 4. PHN II. TENSES N TP V NG PHP

VIII. Various forms of the future tenses:
1. The future progressive tense:
1.1. The form:
(+) S + will be + V-ING (-) S + wont be + V-ING (?) Will + S + be + V-ING?
1.2. The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/ using at.
e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight.
We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sundays morning.
- To show the future happening actions with when.
Eg. She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow.
2. The future perfect tense:
2.1. The form:
(+) S + will have + P.P (P2) (-) S + wont have + P.P (P2) (?) Will + S + have + P.P?
2.2. The usage: - To denote planned actions with by, by the time, by then.
e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then.
- To show a future schedule-finished action. e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn.
3. Other forms:
a. The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan
e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight.
b. The present progressive: To denote an intention.
e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon.
c. The be + going to inf form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement.
e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday. They are going to get married.
NOTES: CH THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES
Main clause Subordinate clause
- simple present tense./ - present perfect tense.
Simple present tense. - present progressive tense./ - simple future tense.
- be going to V form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time).
- simple past tense./ - past progressive tense.
- past perfect tense./ - would + V form.
Simple past tense - be going to + V past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth).
Present perfect tense Simple present tense.
Past perfect tense Simple past tense.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Main clause Adverbial clauses (of time)
Present tenses Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/
Past tenses Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/.
Future tenses Present tenses No sooner than/ hardlywhen/ as long as/.
Exercise 8/30
1. Mr. Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him. (without)
Without the help of his neighbor, Mr. Bill would/could not/never have repaired the garage roof.
2. Nobody is infallible. (mistakes)
We all make mistakes/ Everyone makes mistakes/Everyone can make mistakes.
3. The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul. (took) The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul.
4. He talked about nothing except the weather (sole)
His sale topic/subject of conversation was the weather.
5. In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club. (regrets)
I had no regrets about/on/over leaving the club in the end
6. It is stupid of you to refuse Richards offer of a loan. (idiot)
You are an idiot to refuse Richards offer of a loan.
7. The company has decided to replace this model. (intention)
Its the companys intention to replace this model.
8. In the next few years well probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution (likely)
Were likely to hear a lot more about environmental pollution in the next few years.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 8 ----------------------------------------------------
PHN III. PHRASES VS. CLAUSES CM T & MNH

Bui 9 - Bi 5. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH CONJUNCTIONS M PH VI LIN T
1. The implication:
not only _____, but also ____ = not only ____ , but _____ as well
Hoc: Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb
Lu : sau but also/ sau not only.
Eg. He is not only handsome but also talented./ Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin.
tinh t tinh t danh t danh t
He writes not only correctly but also neatly./ Maria excels not only in mathematics but also in science.
Adv adv ng gii t ng gii t
Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music.
ng t ng t
b. As well as
subject + verb + as well as + verb ...
Eg. Robert is talented as well as handsome./ Beth plays the guitar as well as the violin.
He writes correctly as well as neatly. / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science.

Adv adv ng gii t ng ii t
Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music.

ng t ng t
c. Both ... and

Eg. Robert is both talented and handsome./ Beth plays both the guitar and the violin.
He writes both correctly and neatly./ Marta excels both in mathematics and in science.
Adv adv ng gii t ng gii t
Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music.

ng t ng t
2. The norminal clause: Mnh danh t (tng ng nh danh t, c th lm S, C, O trong cu)

a. That clauses: Theo sau cc ng t c gii thch vi that, c th o ln u cu lm ch ng.
Eg. The reason she left was that she dissatisfied with her work.
= That she dissatisfied with her work was the reason she left.
b. Wh clauses: y l hnh thi mnh danh t kh ph bin, thng theo sau cc ngoi ng t,
ngoi ng t a, c bit cu trc cu gin tip.
Eg. He didnt know what to do first. They told them how to deal with the problem.
Ha asked where he was going. She wanted to know what time the next train arrived.
c. Whether/ if clauses: Dng vi cu trc cu hi nghi vn cu gin tip.
Eg. She asked if I could answer the phone. They wanted to know whether the train was any late
Exercise 9/30
1. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
As long as you (can) keep/stay calm, you will/should/ought to pass your driving test.
2. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill.
No sooner had he been/was he appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill.
3. The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider.
There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider.
4. You think that fat people are always jolly but you are wrong.
Contrary to your belief/opinion, fat people are not always jolly.
5. My boss works better when hes pressed for time.
The less time my boss has, the better he works.
6. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.
The patient made a more rapid/a quicker/faster recovery than expected.
7. There isnt a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, Madam.
We are completely (sold) out of thermal socks, Madam.
8. Their chances of success are small. It is not very) likely (that) they will succeed.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 9 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 10 - Bi 2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE CH MC CH

1. The phrases of purpose: to V/ so as to V/ in order to V v dng ph nh
S + verb + to/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb = To/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb, S + verb
Eg. To be better at English, he attended an evening class = He attended an evening class to be better at
English. In order to be better at English, he attended an extra-class.
He attended an extra-class so as to be better at English.
2. The clause of purpose with so/ therefore
S + V, so S + V hay S + V, therefore S + V
Eg. It rained so heavily, so we cancelled the trip.
He learned hard, therefore he got better and better grades
REWRITE SENTENCES
1. Why dont you put better lock on the door, Barbara? said John
=> John suggested__________________.
2. Although his both legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
=> Despite his__________________.
3. I havent eaten this kind of food before.
=> This is the first__________________.
4. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.
=> Plans__________________.
5. It isnt necessary for you to finish by Saturday
=> You__________________.
6. How many survivors are there?, asked the journalist.
=> The journalist wanted to know__________________.
7. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
=> The meat was__________________.
8. It is essential that Professor Van Helsing is met at the airport
=> Professor Van Helsing __________________.
9. You cant visit the USA unless you have a visa.
=> If you__________________.
10. Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet? asked Peter.
=> Peter asked if__________________.
11. She started working as a secretary five years ago.
=> She has__________________.
12. She knows a lot more about it than I do.
=> I dont know__________________.
13. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult
=> My French friend isnt__________________.
14. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
=> The owner__________________.
15. We didnt go on holiday because we did not have enough money
=> If we__________________.
16. The children couldnt go swimming because the sea was rough.
=> The sea was too__________________.
17. The mechanic serviced my car last week
=> I__________________.
18. Im always nervous when I travel by air.
=> Travelling __________________.
19. He couldnt afford to buy the car,
=> The car __________________.
20. Why dont you put your luggage under the seat? he asked
=> He suggested__________________.
21. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
=> In spite of__________________.
22. Im sorry I missed your birthday party
=> I wish__________________.
23. They havent cleaned the streets this week.
=> The streets__________________.
24. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
=> Apple are not__________________.
25. I advice you to put your money in the bank.
=> Youd__________________.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 10 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 11 + 12 - Bi 3. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION NHNG B

1. Phrases of concession with: despite / in spite of
Despite/ In spite of + danh t/ ng danh t
Eg. Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades.
Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades.
2. Clauses of concession with: although, even though, though
Although/ Though/ Even though S + V, S + V = S + V although/ though/ even though S + V
Eg. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has a bad grades.
Eg. He promised to call me, but till now I havent received any call from him, though.
In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic.
The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to.
Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic.
The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections.
Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
She attended the class although she did not feel alert.
3. Clauses of concession with: despite/ in spite of the fact that
Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S + V S + V =S + V despite/ in spite of + the fact that S + V
Note: In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic.
The child ate the cookie despite the fact that his mother had told him not to
Exercise 10/30
1. Their problems are all self-inflicted. (making) Their problems are all of their own making.
2. The travel agent was able to offer a 50% reduction on holidays to the Costa Brava. (half)
The travel agent was able to offer half-price holidays to the Costa Brava.
3. If you take that job, youll have to get up at 6 a.m every morning. (mean)
Taking that job will mean (that) youll have to get up at 6a.m every morning.
4. The only thing they could do was to look for a new flat. (alternative)
They had no alternative but to look for a new flat.
5. His last letter to me was written three years ago. (heard)
I havent heard from him for 3 years/I last heard from him 3 years ago.
6. If only one could rely on what she says. (pity)
Its a pity (that) one/we cannot rely on what she says.
7. An open fire cant be compared to central heating. (comparison)
There is no comparison between an open fire and central heating.
8. I remember very few things about my childhood. (scarcely)
I can scarcely remember anything /a thing about my childhood.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 12 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 13 - Bi 4. CU IU KIN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I. CU IU KIN C BN MAIN FORMS: (gm 3 loi)
1. CU IU KIN LOI 1: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1- REAL CONDITION)
a. form: If S V(hin ti), S will V. = S will V if S V(hin ti).
b. usage: - kt qu mnh kt qu c th xy ra hin ti hay tng lai.
- gi l cu iu kin c thc.
c. examples: - If it stays nice, we will go out. = We will go out if it stays nice.
d. notes: Unless = If ____ not
- If you dont study harder, you will fail the exam. = Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam.
- He will fail the exam unless he is more industrious. = He will fail the exam if he isnt more industrious
2. CU IU KIN LOI 2: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2- UNREAL PRESENT CONDITION)
a. form: If S V(qu kh/ ring vi to be = were vi mi ch ng), S would V.
b. usage: - kt qu mnh kt qu khng th xy ra hin ti v iu kin m k ch l gi nh.
- gi l cu iu kin khng c thc hin ti.
c. examples: - If it were nice, we would go out. = In fact, it is not nice so we dont go out anymore.
d. notes: c th o were ln u thay cho if
-If I were ten years younger, I would marry her. = Were I ten years younger, I would marry her.
3. CU IU KIN LOI 3: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 3- UNREAL PAST CONDITION)
a. form: If S had P.P, S would have P.P.
b. usage: - kt qu mnh kt qu khng th xy ra qu kh v iu kin m k ch l gi nh.
- gi l cu iu kin khng c thc qu kh.
c. examples: - If it hadnt been for your help, we would not have overcome those problems. = In fact, we
overcame those problems, thanks to your help.
d. notes: c th o had ln u thay cho if
-If I had been there, I would have helped her. = Had I been there, I would have helped her.
BI TP THC HNH
1. If I ____ a lot of money now, I ____ a new car.
A. have/will buy B. have / would buy C. had/ will buy D. had/ would buy.
2. If I ____ you, I ____ do that.
A. am/ will B. were/would C. were/ will D. had been/ would.
3. If I were offered the job, I think I ____ it.
A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken.
4. I would be very surprised if he____
A. refuses B. refused C. had refused D. would refuse.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory____ down.
A. closes B. had closed C. closed D. would close.
6. 6. If she sold her car, she ____ much money.
A. gets B. would get C. will get D. would have got.
7. They would be disappointed if we____
A. hadnt come B. wouldnt come C. dont come D. didnt come.
8. Would John be angry if I ____ his bicycle without asking?
A. take B. took C. had taken D. would take.
9. She ____ terrible upset if I lost this ring.
A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been.
10. If someone____ in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
A. would walk B. walks C. had walked D. walked.
11. What would happen if you ____ to work tomorrow?
A. dont go B. didnt go C. wont go D. wouldnt go.
12. Well get wet if we ____ out.
A. go B. did go C. went D. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I ____ some food.
A. buy B. will buy C. would buy D. would have bought.
14. If I find it, I ____ you.
A. will tell B. would tell C. had told D. told.
15. What would you do if you____ a million dollars?
A. would win B. win C. had won D. won.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 13 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 14- Bi 5. CU IU KIN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Dng or else/ otherwise/ or
Examples: - Cut your hair, or they wont let you in. (= If you dont cut your hair, they wont let you
in, hoc Unless you cut your hair, they wont let you in)
- Cut your hair, otherwise they wont let you in. (= If you dont cut your hair, they wont
let you in, hoc Unless you cut your hair, they wont let you in)
2. Special uses of if clauses Mt s cch s dng ca mnh If
If you will /would.
Eg. If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr. John is here.
I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me.
If you could + verb in simple form.
Eg. If you could fill in this form. If you could open your books.
If + S + will / would.
Eg. If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him.
If + S + will.
Eg. If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you.
If + S +should.
Eg. If you shouldnt know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number.
If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.
Eg. Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.
Should it be cloudy and gray, the ground hog will supposedly wander around for food - a sign
that spring is near.
3. Special conditions:
even if + negative verb
You must go tomorrow even if you arent ready.
Whether or not + positive verb
He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god.
unless + positive verb = if ... not
If you dont start at once, you will be late. = You will be late unless you start at once.
But for that + unreal condition
Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldnt be here ( but she is here)
present would V
My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time.
past would have V-ed
otherwise + conditional sentence
Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldnt be here.
present would V
I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer.

past would have V-ed
Provided/ providing (that)
You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess.
Suppose/ supposing ? = what ... if ...?
Suppose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late?
What if Im-
or
If only + simple present / will V = hope that s will v
If only he comes in time / If only he will head your advice.
If only + simple past/ past perfect = wish that
If only he didnt smoke. (but he doesnt) If only she had come in time. (but she didnt)
if only + would verb - ch khi, mong sao
4. Mixed conditions: Cu iu kin hn hp c bit.
a. For a true action: Vi kh nng thc t, cu mnh lnh.
Eg. If she comes, call me. (= Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come)
If the weather stays fine, we can arrive on time. (= The weather is now fine and theres no sign of
the bad changes)
b. For a suggestion: Vi li ngh, khuyn rn.
Eg. If she comes, you should call me. (= I suggest calling me when she comes)
Youd better cancel the project if it is possible. (= Its best for you to cancel the project)
c. For a present subjunction but past unfulfilled result. Vi gi nh hin ti m kt qu khng th
xy ra qu kh. iu gi nh ny lun ng hin ti.
Eg. If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday. (The action hadnt been done in the past
but the subjunction is at present. Mi mi ti vn khng th l cu c, y l thc t nn khng cn
chuyn iu kin v qu kh hon thnh)
c. For a past subjunction but present unfulfilled result. Vi gi nh qu kh m kt qu khng th
xy ra hin tai. iu gi nh ny c coi l qu kh ca qu kh, nhng kt qu l phi l.
Eg. If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money. (The action hasnt
been done up to now, this is only my regret. S tic nui ca ti khi nghe bn thut li v vic gi
nh ca ti ri vo hon cnh qu kh, nhng kt qu ny khng xy ra trc
Give the correct form of verbs in these sentences
1. If Jonathan met his uncle yesterday, he (know) ______ the truth about his parents.
2. Supposed that there (be) ______ no money, how would people live?
3. He will be playing in the garden with his friends now if he (finish) _______his work.
4. His parents (not be) ______ disappointed if he had passed the entrance examination.
5. I (buy) ______ a new house if I have much money next year.
6. Providing that he didn't tell lie, many friends (believe) ______ in him.
7. Linda will go to visit Vietnam next year on condition that she (save) ______ now.
8. Our life (be) ______ improved unless there were no technological development.
9. If you has been learning English for a long time, you (communicate) ______ with the foreigners.
10. If Jimmy went to Moscow last week, he (visit) ______ many famous sight-seeings.
11. Unless he was not working at midnight yesterday, he (sleep) ______ now.
12. He prepared for his exam very carefully. Otherwise, he (not, pass) ______ that important exam.
13. He finished his home assignment. If not, the teacher (be) ______ very angry.
14. Were he to remember her birthday, she (not, say) ______ goodbye to him.
15. Should you work hard, you (not, succeed) ______.
16. I have to inform him the news. If not, he (be) ______ very bad-tempered.
17. John would have been staying with us this month if he (not, have) ______ a bad quarrel with my
younger brother.
18. Had she returned home from her business trip, she (visit) ______ me tomorrow.
19. The temple would be in better condition now on condition that it (rebuild) ___ for many years ago.
20. If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) ______ Real next week.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 14 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 15 - Bi 6. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON NGUYN NHN, L DO

1. Because/ because of
- Because
Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V
- Because of
... because of + danh t/ cm danh t
Notes: Jan was worried because it had started to rain. = Jan was worried because of the rain.
Subject verb noun
The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam.

verb subject
The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.

noun phrase
We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage.

verb subject
We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage.
noun phrase
2. Special verbs
a. have/ get / make
to have sb do st = to get sb to do st
e.g. Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car). Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed
the car.)
to have / get st done
Eg. Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.)
Mary had the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.)
I have the laundry washed. (the laundry is washed by someone)
to want / like something done
Eg. - What do you want done to your motorbike? - Id like it repaired and cleaned
- I want it repaired and cleaned.
to make sb do st = to force sb to do st
Eg. The robber forced the teller to give him the money.
= The robber made the teller give him the money.
to make sb do st = to cause st +P2
Eg. Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.
The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged.
b.
to make sb / st + adjective
Eg. Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.
to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2)
Eg. I found her quite interesting to talk to. My sister found snakes frightening.
We found the boy frightened.
c. Let.
let sb do st = to allow/ permit sb to do st
Eg. John let his daughter swim with her friends. (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.)
(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.)
The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call.
Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday.
Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter.
Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
d. Help.
to help sb do/ to do st
Eg. John helped Mary wash the dishes. Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a
taxi. The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials.
Eg. This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly.
Eg. The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation
Exercise 11/30
1. The rail workers do not intend to call off their strike.
The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike.
2. Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking.
Mrs. Scott prides herself on her cooking/on being a good cook.
3. It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us.
If it hadnt been for the goalkeeper we could/would have lost the match.
4. It wasnt a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
It came as no surprise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job.
5. You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you wont succeed.
Theres no point in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tims car.
6. John didnt celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.
Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate.
7. I dont really like her, even though I admire her achievements.
Much as I admire her achievements, I dont really like her.
8. Its thought that the accident was caused by human error.
The accident is thought/believed to have been caused by human error.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 15 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 16 - Bi 7. COMPARISON SO SNH

1. Cc cp so snh thng dng vi tnh t v trng t: (so snh bng, hn, hn nht)
1.1. Positive degree: so snh bng as + adjs + as
Eg: - She is as tall as my wife. - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me).
1.2. Comparative degree: so snh hn
1.2.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: vi tnh t n m tit adjs-ER + than
Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us)
1.2.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: vi tnh t a m tit more + adjs + than
Eg: - She was more hard-working than us. - We are more intelligent than him.
1.3. Superlative degree: so snh hn nht
1.3.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: vi tnh t n m tit the adjs-EST
Eg: - Nam is the best in our class. - She was the kindest lady Ive ever met.
1.3.2. Multisyllable- adjectives: vi tnh t a m tit the most + adjs
Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group.
- She is the most hard-working girl Ive ever known.
Notes: For adjectives ending in er, y, ly, or the irregular cases:
Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative
clever cleverer the cleverest bad worse the worst
pretty prettier the prettiest far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest
happy happier the happiest little less the least
silly sillier the silliest man / much more the most
good better the best old older/ elder the oldest/ eldest
1.4. Parallel: so snh song song v so snh thng tin
- The..the: The older she gets, the wiser she become.
- And: Its getting darker and darker. She has now more and more free time.
- Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike.
Its nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone
1.5. Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill. Tom and Bill are alike.
1.6. Like/ as: He swims like a fish. You look like a ghost. Do as I told you.
1.7. Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasnt a slave).
He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact).
1.8. The adjectives: The rich, the poor,
2. Practice test:
1. Sarah is ____ at chemistry than Susan.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
2. I dont work so hard ____ my father.
A. so B. as C. than D. more
3. Sam is the ____ student in my class.
A. tall B. most tall C. taller D. tallest
4. No one in my class is ____ beautiful ____ her.
A. as/as B. more/as C. as/than D. the/more
5. Going by train isnt ____ convenient as going by car.
A. so B. as C. more D. A & B are correct.
6. The test is not ____ difficult ____ it was last month.
A. as / as B. so / as C. more / as D. A & B are correct.
7. Peter usually drives ____ Mary
A. more fast B. fast than C. faster than D. B & C are correct.
8. She cooked ____ than you.
A. well B. more good C. better D. more well
9. This film is ____ interesting than that film.
A. most B. less C. as D. so
10. My salary is ____ his salary.
A. high B. more high C. higher than D. more higher than
11. He works ____ we do.
A. harder B. as hard as C. harder D. so hard as
12. No one in this class is ____ Jimmy.
A. so tall as B. tall than C. the tallest D. more tall than
13. Apples are usually ____ oranges.
A. cheap than B. more cheap C. the cheapest D. cheaper than
14. I know him ____ than you do.
A. better B. more well C. good D. the best
15. ________ you are, ____________ you concentrate.
A. Tired/the least hard B. The more tired/the harder
C. The tireder/the harder D. The tired/the harder
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 16 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 17 - Bi 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES GI NH

1. The use of as if/ as though
a. The present sense:
S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past)
Eg. The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.)
hin ti gi nh qu kh
Angelique walks as though she studied modelling. (She didnt study modelling)
hin ti gi nh qu kh
He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich)

hin ti gi nh qu kh
b. The past sense:

S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect)
Eg. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didnt win the grand prize.)
Past simple past perfect
Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost. (She didnt see a ghost.)

He looked as though he had run ten miles. (He didnt run ten miles.)
2. The use of with and hope:

Eg. I hope that they will come. ( I dont know if they are coming.)
We hope that they came yesterday. ( We dont know if they came.)
a. The future sense: Would / could + verb or were + Ving.
S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ V-
ing
Eg. We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You cant come.)
I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably wont stop.)
She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not coming with us.)
b. The present sense:
S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past ...
Eg. I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I dont have enough time.)
We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old enough.)
They wish that they didnt have to go to class today. ( They have to go to class.)
c. The past sense:
S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2
Eg. I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didnt wash the clothes yesterday.)
She wish that she could have been there. ( She couldnt be there.)
We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didnt have more time.)
Notes. He wished that he could come to the party next week.
qu kh gi nh qu kh tng lai
The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now.
qu kh gi nh qu kh
hin ti
to wish somebody something
Eg. I wish you a happy birthday.
Exercise 12/30
1. Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket. (credited)
Tsiolkovsky is/has been credited with the invention of the space rocket.
2. I darent turn on the TV because the baby might wake up. (fear)
I darent turn on the TV for fear of waking up the baby.
3. Some people will do anything to lose weight. (lengths)
Some people will do any/great lengths to lose weight
4. The two theories appear to be completely different. (common)
The 2 theories (appear to) have (got) nothing in common/no common ground
5. Several members of the committee said they were worried about the chairmans proposals. (concern)
Several members of the committee expressed concern about/at/over the chairmans proposal
6. The river Volta overflowed last year. (burst) The river Volta burst its banks last year
7. He doesnt appreciate his wife. (granted) He takes his wife for granted
8. The number of people out of work has been going down little by little. (gradual)
There has been a gradual decrease/decline/fall in the number of people out of work.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 17 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 18 - Bi 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES GI NH

1. Mt s ng t dng dng gi nh
To hear To hear
To watch O do something To watch O doing something
To see To see
eg. I didnt hear the telephone ring OR I didnt hear the telephone ringing
2.
advise decree move propose Require
ask demand order recommend stipulate
command insist prefer request suggest/urge
or
S1 + verb + that + S 2+ [verb in simple form] ...
Eg. We urge that he leave now. Eg. We urge him to leave now.
The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.
The university requires that all its students take this course.
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking./
Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished.
We proposed that he take a vacation./ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
b.
advised mandatory obligatory recommended suggested urgent
important necessary proposed required imperative
or
It + be + adjective + that + S + [verb in simple form ]...
( any tense)
It is necessary that he find the books.

It was urgent that she leave at once./ It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It is important that you remember this question.
It has been suggested that he forget the election.
It was recommended that we wait for the authorities.
c.
It + be + noun + that + S + [verb in simple form ]...
( any tense)
Eg. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking.
d. Eg. God save the queen !. God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau)
Curse this frog! Come what may:
Come what may we will stand by you. If need be:
If need be we can take another road.
If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent.
e. it is time
It is time (for sb) to do st :
Eg. It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time).
It is time
It is high time subject + simple past
It is about time
Exercise 13/30
1. House prices have risen dramatically this year.
There has been a dramatic increase in (the) house prices this year.
2. This affair does not concern you. This affair is no concern/business of yours.
3. You must submit articles for the magazine by June 18th.
The final date for you to submit articles for the magazine is June 18th .
4. Although Jimmy was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
Despite his(superior) strength Jimmy was (soon) overpowered by his attacker.
5. What a surprise to see you here! Fancy seeing you here.
6. I dont intend to apologize to either of them. I have no intention of apologizing to either of them.
7. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.
Not until(after) I (had) left home did I realize how much my father meant to me.
8. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended. Had it not been for
the attendance/appearance of a famous film star the party would have been a failure.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 18 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 19 - Bi 9. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT KT QU

1. Phrase of result: Thng dng vi TOO/ ENOUGH theo cu trc sau:
S + be (look/ seem/ get/ become/) + too ADJ (for O) + to V
S + V + too ADV (for O) + to V
Eg. He is too short to play football./ He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
S + be + ADJ enough (for O) + to V hay S + V + ADV enough (for O) + to V
Eg. She isnt old enough to drive a car. / He spoke English well enough to be an interpreter.
2. Clause of result:
S + verb + so that / in order that + S + verb
He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.
She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in time for her sisters birthday.
Damien is practicing the guitar so that he can play for the dance.
I am learning German so that I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer.
Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money.
Will you let me know about the party so that I can make plans to attend?
3. Cause and effect:
Subject + verb + so + adj/ adv + that + S + verb
The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation.
Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.
The soup tastes so good that every one will ask for more.
The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him.
The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
4. khc
S + verb + so + few/ many + pl N + that + S + verb
Eg. The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasnt difficult to select one.
S + verb + so + much/ little + N+ that + S + verb
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
S + verb + such + a + adjective + pl N + that ...
S + verb + so + adjective + a + N + that ...
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors/ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay
indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldnt put it down/ It was so interesting a book that he couldnt
put it down.
S + verb + such + adjective + N m c s nhiu/ N khng + that + S+ verb
Eg. She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
danh t s nhiu
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
danh t s nhiu
Perry has had such bad luck that hes decided not to gamble.
danh t khng m c
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

danh t khng m c
4. Khc
Eg. It has been such a long time since Ive seen him that Im not sure if I will remember him
He has so heavy a work load that it is difficult for him to travel.
Peter has such long fingers that he should play the piano.
Professor Sands gives such interesting lectures that his classes are never boring.
This is such tasty ice cream that Ill have another helping
Exercise 14/30
1. Gerald never had enough to live on until he married that rich businesswoman. (short)
Gerald was (always) short of money until/before he married that rich businesswoman
2. William decided that an actors life was not for him. (cut)
William (decided that he) was not cut out to be an actor
3. The President arranged for me to use his chauffeur-driven car whenever I liked. (disposal)
The president put/placed his chauffeur-driven car at my disposal
4. My cat has lost its appetite. (off) = My cat has gone/is off its food
5. The children made every effort to please their father (best)
The children did/tried their best to please their father
6. His behavior was rather a shock to me (aback)
His behavior took me aback/ I was taken aback by his behavior
7. They decided not to go by boat because they thought they would be seasick. (fear)
For fear of being/getting seasick they decided not to go by boat.
8. The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. (getaway)
The bank robbers made/effected their getaway in a stolen car.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 19 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 20 - Bi 10. RELATIVE CLAUSES MNH QUAN H

1. Relative pronouns:
Subject Object Possessive
For persons who whom/who whose
that that
For things which which whose/of which
that that
a. WHO: L i t quan h ch ngi, dng thay th cho danh t ch ngi, lm ch ng hay tn ng
ca mnh quan h.
Eg. The man who told you I was out met me in the park.
The person who you wanted to see died days ago.
This is the lady who helped my mom.
Thats the one who we need to contact.
b. WHOM: L i t quan h ch ngi, dng thay th cho danh t ch ngi, lm tn ng ca mnh
quan h.
Eg. Thats the one whom we need to contact.
The person whom you wanted to see died days ago.
The one to whom he wanted to talk was out.
Mr. Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday.
c. WHOSE: L tnh t quan h ch ngi, dng thay th cho tnh t s hu, kt hp vi mt danh t,
lm ch ng hay tn ng ca mnh quan h.
Eg. This is the lady whose son cheated me.
The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters
yesterday.
d. WHICH: L i t quan h ch vt, dng thay th cho danh t ch vt, lm ch ng hay tn ng
ca mnh quan h.
Eg. The book which you liked was sold. This is the bike which is my birthday present.
The house, which was on fire, was built long ago
e. THAT: L i t quan h thay th, dng thay th cho cc i t quan h nh WHO, WHICH, lm
ch ng hay tn ng ca mnh quan h, ngoi ra cn c s dng trong cu ch.
Eg. The book that you liked was sold. This is the bike that I want to buy.
The one that told you I was out met me in the park./ The person that you wanted to see
died days ago
f. WHEN: L trng t quan h ch thi gian, c vai tr l mnh quan h trng ng ch thi gian.
Eg. The day when she left was rainy.
The time when we reunite is uncertain.
g. WHERE: L trng t quan h ch ni chn, c vai tr l mnh quan h trng ng ch ni chn.
Eg. This is the house where he lived in his childhood.
The place where we play football is a football ground.
h. WHY: L trng t quan h ch l do, nguyn nhn, c vai tr l mnh quan h trng ng ch
nguyn nhn.
Eg. The reason why she left was unknown.
Thats why we are worrying now.
Exercise 15/30
1. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second child.
Only when A and C (had) had their second child did they decide to move to a bigger house
2. Youre under no obligation to accept their offer.
You can please yourself/yourselves about whether you accept their offer or not
3. Martin may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
Martins poor health does not stop/prevent him from enjoying life
4. The company presents a gold watch to each of its retiring employees.
Each of the companys retiring employee is represented a gold watch
5. The only thing that kept us out of prison was the way he spoke the local dialect.
But for his command of (the) local dialect we would have been jailed/put into jail
6. The Pacific Ocean is on average deeper than the Atlantic.
The average depth of the Pacific (Ocean) is greater than that of the Atlantic
7. My father finds maps hard to follow. My father has difficulty/difficulties in following the maps
8. Under no circumstances should you phone the police.
The last thing you should/must/ought to do is to phone/phoning the police.
--------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 20 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 21 - Bi 10. RELATIVE CLAUSES MNH QUAN H
2. Relative clauses:
a. Restrictive Relative Clauses: y l loi mnh cn thit c mt cu c ngha, nu khng c n
cu khng m bo v ng ngha (Ch t cha c xc nh)
Eg. The man who keeps the library is Mr. Green. (The man is Mr. Green th r, nhng The
man keeps the library th khng r l ai)
That is the book that I like best. (l cun m ti thch trong v vn cun sch)
b. Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses: y l loi mnh khng cn thit c mt m cu vn c
ngha, nu khng c n cu vn m bo v ng ngha v tin ng (ch t) xc nh. Loi mnh
ny thng cch mnh chnh bng cc du phy, hoc thng c cc tnh t hay i t ch nh hay
s hu nh: this, that, these, those, his, my,
Eg. That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike
This is Mrs. Jones, who helped me last week./ Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar.
3. Reduced clauses:
a. Present Participle Phrase: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) C th dng mt ng danh ng
t V-ING thay th cho mnh quan h nu ng t chnh ca mnh th ch ng.
Eg. The man who is sitting next to you is Mr. Mike. = The man sitting next to you is Mr. Pike.
Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday? = Do you know the boy breaking .?
b. Past Participle Phrase: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) C th dng mt ng tnh t V-ED
thay th cho mnh quan h nu ng t chnh ca mnh th b ng.
Eg. The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike. = The man arrested by the police is Mr. Pike.
Do you know the boy who was punished by the headmaster yesterday? = Do you know the boy
punished by the headmaster yesterday?
c. Infinitive Phrase: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) C th dng mt ng ng t to V thay
th cho mnh quan h trong trng hp mnh c cha cc t FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST,
ONLY... c th dng vi cu trc for O + to V, hoc mt s mnh mang tnh rng buc nhim v
Eg. English is an important language which we have to master. = English is an important
language to master/ for us to master.
He is the only one who know the answer. = He is the only one to know th answer.
d. Noun Phrase: : (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) C th dng mt hoc mt cm danh t
thay th cho mnh quan h nu mnh mang ng danh t (thng ch ngh nghip).
Eg. Mr. Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a B.A. = Mr. Ba, our new form teacher, is a B.A.
The man who is a new manager of the office is still young. = The man - a new manager of the office
- is still very young
Exercise 16/30
1. People dont want to buy cars with large engines any more. (call)
There isnt much call for cars with large engines
2. Twenty years ago this region produced twice as much coal as it does now. (halved)
Coal production/The coal produced in this region has (been) halved in the last 20 years
3. The prime Minister is unlikely to call an early general election (likelihood)
There is little likelihood of the PM calling a(n) (early general) election
4. Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us (beyond)
The story he told us is/was beyond belief
5. The project received the unanimous approval of the committee. (favour)
The whole committee was/were in favour of the project
6. Scientists say forests are being destroyed by air pollution. (blame).
Scientists blame our pollution for the destruction of the forests
7. His reactions are quite unpredictable (knows)
One never knows how he is going to/will/may/might react
8. There are several categories of people who do not have to pay the new tax. (exempt)
There are several categories of people who are exempt from (paying) the new tax.
--------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 21 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 22 - Bi 11. CLEFT SENTENCES CU CH

1. Subject focus: Nhn mnh ti ch ng, ch th ca hnh ng hoc i tng c cp.
S + V It be S that/ who V
Eg. Nam helped me a lot. It was Nam who helped me a lot.
The book tells us a romantic story. It is the book that tells us a romantic story.
2. Object focus: Nhn mnh ti tn ng, ch th nhn hay chu tc ng ca hnh ng.
S + V + O It be O that/ whom S + V
Eg. She bought the dictionary. It was the dictionary that she bought.
We saw Mai at the party. It was Mai who we saw at the party.
3. Adverbials focus: Nhn mnh ti trng ng, cp ti thi gian, ni chn, cch thc, phng php
ca hnh vi.
S + V + A It be A that S + V
Eg. We first met in this park. It was in this park that we first met.
She left on a rainy day. It was on a rainy day that she left
Exercise 17/30
1. The film star wore dark glasses so that no one would recognize him.
The film star avoided recognition/being recognized by wearing dark glasses
2. I am amazed by the mistakes he makes. What amazes me is/are the mistakes he makes.
3. We werent surprised by his success.
It came as no surprise to us (to hear) (that) he was/had been successful.
4. Thats a lovely new dress, Jean said her mother.
Jeans mother complimented Jean on her lovely new dress.
5. We couldnt relax until all the guests had gone home.
Only after/when all the guests had gone home/could we relax/were we able to relax.
6. We couldnt find George anywhere. George was nowhere to be found
7. Customs officials are stopping more travelers than usual this week.
An increased number of travelers is/are being stopped by customs officials this week.
8. She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.
She is a more sympathetic listener than anyone else I know.
Exercise 18/30
1. The ministers popularity suffered as a result of the scandal. (effect)
The scandal had a bad/negative effect
2. The teachers agreed to introduce the new methods. (agreement)
There was (an) agreement among the teachers to introduce new methods
3. Jenny didnt feel like going to the party. (mood)
Jenny wasnt in the mood to go to the party/for (going to) the party
4. The councilor answered every question frankly. (frank)
The councilor gave frank answers to every question
5. It is said that he has been to prison several times (reputed).
He is reputed to have been (sent) to prison
6. Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash. (alternative).
Most stores will accept a credit card as an alternative to cash
7. Our opinions on the subject are identical. (difference)
There is (absolutely) no difference in/between our opinions on the subject
8. Local residents said they were against the new traffic scheme. (disapproval)
Local residents expressed/voiced then disapproval of the new traffic scheme.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 22 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 23 - Bi 12. INDIRECT SPEECH CU TRC TIP, GIN TIP

1. definition:
Eg. He said I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday
Eg. He said he had bought a new motorbike for myself the day before.
2. Changes:
a. tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
simple present simple past
present progressive past progressive
present perfect (progressive) past perfect (progressive)
simple past past perfect
will /shall would / should
can / may could / might
b. Others;
this, these that, those
here, over there there, over there
Today that day
Yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
Tomorrow the following day/ the next day
the day after tomorrow in two days time
next + thi gian (week, year ...) the following + thi gian (week, year...)
last + thi gian (week, year ...) the previous + thi gian (week, year...)
Time + ago Time + before/ the previous + Time
Eg. At breakfast this morning he said I will be very busy today
At breakfast this morning he said he would be very busy today.
Eg. Im leaving the day after tomorrow.
Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
Jack said he was leaving today.
3. introductory verbs:
bring, build, buy find, get, give make, offer, owe promise, read, sell
cut, draw, feed, tell hand, leave, lend, write paint, pass, pay send, show, teach
S + V + Od + for/ to + Oi
S + verb + Oi + Od
Eg. Correct : They gave it to us./ Incorrect: They gave us it.
4. notes
John gave the essay to his teacher.
John gave his teacher the essay.
The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother.
The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers.
I fixed Maria a drink./ I fixed a drink for Maria.
He drew a picture for his mother./ He drew his mother a picture.
He lent his car to his bother./ He lent his brother his car.
We owe several thousand dollars to the bank./ We owe the bank several thousand dollars
Exercise 19/30
1. No one has challenged his authority before.
This is the first time that) someone has challenged his authority
2. If Brian doesnt train harder, I wont select him for the team, said the manager.
The manager threatened not to select Brian (if he didnt train harder/unless he trained harder).
3. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
The house had its/the roof blown off by/in/during/because of the hurricane
4. Youll certainly meet lots of people in your new job.
You are bound/sure/certain to meet lots of people
5. I left without saying goodbye as I didnt want to disturb the meeting.
Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye
6. There arent many other books which explain this problem so well.
In few other books would one see this problem so well- explained
7. I dislike it when people criticize me unfairly. I object to people criticizing me unfairly
8. Robert is sorry now that he didnt accept the job.
Robert now wishes(that) he had taken/accepted the job.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 23 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 24 - Bi 13. THE PASSIVE VOICE CU B NG

1. Cng thc chung: be + P2
2. Changes: Eg. I gave him a book. hay I gave a book to him.
- to be made, to be made of/ This table is made of wood.
- to be made from/ - to be made out of:
Eg. This cake is made out of flour, egg, butter and sugar.
1. Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year.
Subject present complement
A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year.

singular subject be past participle
2. The tornado destroyed thirty houses. Thirty houses were destroyed by the tornado.
Subject past complement plural subject be past participle
3. The committee is considering several new proposals.

Subject present progressive complement
Several new proposals are being considered by the committee.

plural subject auxiliary be past participle
4. The committee was considering several new proposals.

Subject past progressive complement
Several new proposals were being considered by the committee.

plural subject auxiliary be past participle
5. The company has ordered some new equipment.

subject present perfect complement
Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.

Singular subject auxiliary be past participle
6. The company had ordered some new equipment before the strike began.
subject past perfect complement
Some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.
Singular subject auxiliary be past participle
7. The manager should sign these contracts today.

Subject modal + verb complement
These contracts should be signed by the manager today.

Subject modal be past participle
8. Somebody should have called the president this morning.

Subject modal + perfect complement
The president should have been called this morning.

Subject modal have be past participle
Notes: Have/ get / make

To have smb do smth = to get smb to do smth
Eg. Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car.) Mary got John to wash the car.
To have / get smth done
Eg. Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.)
To want / like something done
Eg. - What do you want done to ... - What do you want done to your motorbike? - Id like it repaired
and cleaned/ I want it repaired and cleaned.
To make smb do smth = to force smb to do smth
eg: The robber forced the teller to give him the money.
= The robber made the teller give him the money.
To make/ to cause O P.P
eg: Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday. The hurricane caused many water front
houses damaged.
To make/ to cause O adj
eg: Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.
To find/ to get O Adj/P.P
eg: I found her quite interesting to talk to. My sister found snakes frightening.
Exercise 20/30
1. If interest rates are cut, the economic situation may improve. (reduction)
A reduction of/in interest rates may improve the economic situation
2. The architects new design was heavily criticized. (criticism)
There was a heavy criticism of the architects new design
3. Very little money was raised by the charity appeal. (response)
There was very little response to the charity appeal
4. Ours is the only company allowed to import these chemicals. (monopoly)
Our company has got (the/a) monopoly of/on/over the importation of these chemicals
5. The coachs tactics were directly responsible for the teams defeat. (consequence)
The teams defeat was a/the direct consequence of the coachs tactics
6. We have no idea where he is. (whereabouts)
We dont know his whereabouts/His whereabouts is/are unknown to us
7. The policeman acted quickly and averted an accident. (prompt)
The prompt action of the policeman averted an accident
8. This new record is certain to sell a lot of copies. (doubt)
There is no doubt that this new record will sell a lot of copies.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 24 ----------------------------------------------------
PHN IV. SENTENCE ELEMENTS THNH T CA CU (N TP)

Bui 25 - Bi 14. SUBJECT (S): CH NG
1. Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned.
(l ch th ca hnh ng hay i tng c miu t).
2. Classification:
a. Subject pronouns: (i t nhn xng ch ng)
First Person Second Person Third Person
Singular form I You He, She, It
Plural form We You They
Eg. He went abroad to study medicine. They were killed in an accident.
b. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. Love is a stage of feeling and cant be recognized by senses.
Gain and loss go together.
c. Gerunds: eg. Fishing is his favourite pastime. Getting good marks is not always difficult.
Clauses: eg. What we really wish is to be at the cinema. All she can say is that he is a liar
Exercise 21/30
1. I am having a lot of trouble now because I host my passport last week.
If I hadnt lost my passport last week, I wouldnt have been having so much trouble now
2. When the police caught him, he was climbing over the garden wall.
The police caught him (as he was) climbing over the garden wall
3. Its sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year.
Sad though/as it is, unemployment is unlikely to go down this year
4. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car.
5. Since we had nothing else to do, we decided to go for a walk.
Having nothing else to do, we decided to go for a walk
6. Nothing will persuade me to sleep in that haunted house, she said.
She flatly refused to sleep in that haunted house.
7. It wasnt necessary for them to call for help after all.
They didnt have/need to call for help after all
8. You wont find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs. Jones.
Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs. Jones
Exercise 22/30
1. I want to be left alone (disturbed) I dont want to be disturbed
2. He took the company to court on the grounds of unfair dismissal. (unfairly)
3. Were likely to be a little late, Im afraid. (every)
Theres every likelihood/possibility (that) well be late
4. The Committee said they liked the first proposal best. (preference)
The committee expressed a preference for the first proposal
5. I really must answer all these letters. (get down)
I really must get down to answering all these letters
6. Its not your fault. (blame) Dont blame yourself/Youre not to blame/ You mustnt blame yourself
7. People seem to be criticizing the police quite a lot nowadays. (criticism)
Theres quite a lot of criticism directed at the police nowadays.
8. In a nutshell, the mans an idiot. (bluntly.
Quite bluntly/To put it bluntly/Put bluntly/Putting it bluntly/Bluntly, the mans an idiot.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 25 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 26 - Bi 16. COMPLEMENTS (C): B NG

1. Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs.
(l thnh t hon thnh cu, thng theo sau to be hoc cc link verbs).
2. Classification:
a. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She is a kind hearted lady. They became the new employees.
b. Gerunds: eg. Her hobby is singing.
c. Verbs: eg. My dream is to become a teacher.
d. Clauses: eg. A full apology is what the boss wants now./
A smile is all he could do and what he should do.
Notes: C 2 loi b ng; b ng ca ch ng (Cs) She was exhausted v b ng ca tn ng (Co)
The long walk made us exhausted
Exercise 23/30
1. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
Hardly had she begun to speak before/when people started interrupting her.
2. It was a bit difficult to get into work this morning.
Getting into work this morning was a bit difficult.
3. We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
Much to our regret, we have to/must inform you that your application hasnt been successful.
4. He knows really everything there is to know about whales.
Theres hardly anything he doesnt know about whales.
5. If we can solve the problem soon, it will be better for an concerned.
The sooner we (can) solve the problem, the better it will be for all concerned.
6. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.
7. Im absolutely sure that they werent playing in this weather.
They cant(possibly) have been playing in this weather.
8. I didnt steal the car, he said, I just borrowed it.
He denied stealing/having stolen the car but admitted borrowing/having borrowed it.
Exercise 24/30
1. Im dying to meet them (wait) I (just) cant wait to meet them.
2. They lay on the beach the whole week sunbathing. (spent)
They spent the whole week lying on the beach sunbathing.
3. I seriously doubt whether this will work. (doubts) I have serious doubts as to whether this will
work.
4. Hes always found it very difficult to learn English. (difficulties) Hes always had difficulties in
learning English.
5. I have no intention of giving up now. (intend) I dont intend to give up now.
6. Theyve always been allowed to do what they want. (freedom)
Theyve always had/been given/been allowed the freedom to do whay they want.
7. This is quite a common occurrence. (frequently) This (sort of) thing happens/occurs quite
frequently.
8. Something told me to say exactly what I thought, but I didnt. (sorely)
I was sorely tenpted to say exactly what I thought.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 26 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 27 - Bi 17. OBJECTS (O): TN NG

1. Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the
direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at. (l thnh t hon thnh cu, thng theo sau ng
t thng ch hng hay i tng ca ng t).
2. Classification:
a. Object pronouns: (i t nhn xng tn ng)
First Person Second Person Third Person
Singular form me you him, her, it
Plural form us you them
Eg. We met him yesterday. She made us a big cake.
b. Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She gave me a blank look.
We sent endless letters to the manager.
c. Gerunds: eg. The man loved telling funny stories.
She was interested in going shopping on Sundays.
d. Verbs: eg. Jack wished to become an astronaut.
Kelvin loves to do the crosswords.
e. Clauses: eg. We know how we should solve the problem.
She asked why we didnt arrive on time.
Notes: C 2 loi b ng; b ng ca ch ng (Cs) She was exhausted v b ng ca tn ng (Co)
The long walk made us exhausted
Exercise 25/30
1. I only made that terrible mistake because I wasnt thinking.
If I had (only) been thinking, I wouldnt have made that terrible mistake.
2. We had planned to visit grandmother, so we left early in the morning.
We were planning to visit grandmother, so we left early in the morning.
3. Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building.
No sooner had the burglars left the building than someone rang the alarm.
4. As television programmes become more popular, they seem to get worse.
The more popular TB programmers become, the worse they seem to get.
5. I think the whole ideas ridiculous, he said. He dismissed the whole idea as (being) ridiculous.
6. The authorities will prosecute anyone they find trespassing on this land.
Anyone found trespassing on this land will be prosecuted (by the authorities).
7. I prefer going out for a meal to staying at home. Id rather go out for a meal than stay at home.
8. It would have been a super weekend if it hadnt been for the weather.
But for the weather, it would have been a super weekend
Exercise 26/30
1. I was told the film would be very good. (led) I was led to believe the film would be very good.
2. She apologized for having to go so early, and left. (apologies)
She made/offered her apologize and left early.
3. You have to register by 1st April at the latest. (deadline) The deadline for registration si 1st Apr.
4. The refugees are in serious need of warm clothes. (badly) The refugees badly need warm clothes.
5. I was mystified by the whole thing. (baffling) I found the whole thing baffling.
6. You dont have to buy one if you dont like it. (obligation)
Youre under no obligation to buy one if you dont like it.
7. If you promise not to laugh, Ill show you our holiday snaps. (long)
As/Song long as you promise not to laugh, Ill show you our holiday snaps.
8. How do you think the present negotiations will turn out? (outcome)
What do you think the outcome of the present negotiations will be?
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 27 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 28 - Bi 18. ADVERBIALS (A): TRNG NG

1. Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time,
places, purposes, or others. (c dng miu t trng thi, cch thc, phng php, mc ,
hay dng ch thi gian, ni chn, mc ch, ca hnh ng).
2. Classification:
b. Adverbs: eg. We often go to work by bus.
She danced marvelously.
c. Adverbials: eg. In the past, people used to live in a large family.
Clauses: eg. When we came, they were fighting.
Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam
Exercise 27/30
1. You should have waited for us, the team leader said to John.
The team leader criticized John for not waiting/having waited for them
2. Its possible that he didnt get my letter. He might not have got my letter.
3. The last time it snowed here was six years ago. It last snowed here six years ago.
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
5. There werent nearly as many people there as I had expected.
There were far fewer people there than I had expected
6. When the Minister was asked about the strike, he declined to comment.
On being asked about the strike, the Minister declined to comment
7. There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble.
You didnt need to go to all that trouble.
8. Please dont say things like that. I wish you wouldnt say things like that.
Exercise 28/30
1. Id like you to wait until they bring out a new model. (rather)
Id rather you waited until they bring/brought out a new model
2. We couldnt find the cat anywhere. (nowhere) The cat was nowhere to be found
3. What finally ended the dispute was the fact that the union agreed to go to arbitration. (agreement)
What finally ended the dispute was the unions agreement to go to arbitration
4. He wont let anyone else touch his records (objects) He objects to anyone else touching
5. The fact that nobody said anything at the time surprised me. (what)
What surprised me was (the fact) that nobody said anything at the time
6. The referee first blew the whistle 30 minutes into the game. (playing)
They had been playing for 30 minutes when the referee first blew his whistle
7. I admitted it was my fault for burning the toast. (blame)
I admitted I was to blame for burning/having burnt the toast
8. Its becoming extremely expensive to maintain the museum. (unkeep)
The upkeep of the museum is becoming extremely expensive
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 28 ----------------------------------------------------
PHN V. PARTS OF SPEECH B PHN NGN NG (T VNG)

Bui 29 - Bi 19. NOUNS (N): DANH T
1. Definition: To call out the names of things, objects, actions, or movements
(dng gi tn s vt, hin tng)
2. Functions: (chc nng)
Subject (S)(ch ng): Gender of a verb (A teacher usually works at school)
Object (O)(tn ng): Follow verbs or prepositions (He buys some cakes for his birthday party)
Complement (C)(b ng): Make the complementation (She was a famous singer)
Compounds (Co)(danh t ghp): summer holiday, birthday cakes,
Possessive cases (Pc)(dng s hu cch): the bosss car, his teachers remarks,
Noun phrases (Np)(cm danh t kt hp t do): Free words combination or compounds
3. Plural forms: dng thc bin i s nhiu
3.1. Adding s to almost count-nouns: thm s vo sau hu ht cc danh t, c /s/ v /z/
a table tables a dog dogs an apple apples
a student an orange orange an umbrella umbrella
student s s s
a house houses a cat cats an egg eggs
3.2. Adding es to the count-nouns that end in s, ss, sh, ch, o, x with /iz/ or /z/: thm es
a bus buses a potato potatoes a class classes
a dish dishes a box boxes a wish wishes
a watch watches a tomato tomatoe a torch torches
s
3.3. Adding ies to the count-nouns that end in y with its preceding consonants: them ies
Singular Plural Singular Plural
a lorry lorries a lady ladies
a story stories a baby babies
3.4. Adding ves to the count-nouns that end in f, fe: i f, fe thnh ves
Singular plural Singular Plural
a wife wives a leaf Leaves
a knife knives a loaf Loaves
3.5. Irregular changes: dng bin i bt qui tc
Singular Plural Singular plural Singular Plural
a man men a louse lice a woman women
a child children a medium medi an ox oxen
a
a tooth teeth a mouse mice a goose geese
3.6. Collective noun: crew, family, group, team,(singular or plural form, either singular or plural
verb) danh t t hp, c th coi l s t hoc s nhiu, dng ng t dng s t hoc nhiu.
3.7. Always plural form-nouns: lun tn ti di hnh thc s nhiu.
clothes police breeches pants pyjamas
trousers scissors pliers (km) binoculars glasses
scales shears (ko ct c) arms damages earnings
goods greens (vegetable) outskirts savings pains (trouble, effort)
spirits surroundings stairs valuables athletics
ethics mathematics physics politics
3.8. Unchanged the names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon, squid, trout,
turbot (these nouns can take either singular or plural verbs) hnh thc s t, nhiu khng i.
3.9. Plural form but singular verb-noun: news, mumps (bnh sng quai hm), billiards, bowls hnh
thc s nhiu nhng s dng nh s t.
4. Uncountable nouns: Danh t khng m c
4.1. Substances: vt cht
bread beer cloth coffee cream Ice sand wood wine pape
r
dust gin glass gold soap Stone water jam oil tea
4.2. Abstract nouns: danh t khng m c
advic beauty courag death experienc informatio suspicio
e e e n n
fear help hope horror knowledg mercy pity relie
e f
4.3. Others: mt s danh t khc
baggage camping damage furniture luggage
parking shopping work weather
4.4. Notes: Particular sense of uncountable nouns: mt s danh t khng m c li c mo t
4.4.1. a help: A great help to + O (He gave a great help to our family)
4.4.2. a relief: A relief to + V (That gave me a relief to continue my study)
4.4.3. a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N (Pete has got a good knowledge of history)
4.4.4. a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + (He had a great love for funny stories)
4.4.5. a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that(Its a pity that I couldnt come)
4.4.6. a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions: We have a suspicion / suspicions that
noone will agree to help.
5. Compound nouns: danh t ghp
5.1. Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; hall-door; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table; traffic light; winter clothes;
5.2. Noun-gerund: fruit-picking; weight-lifting; lorry-driving; bird-watching; coal-mining; surf-
5.3. Gerund-noun: waiting-list; landing card; driving board; dining room; driving license;..
5.4. Free combination: s kt hp t do
- shop window; church bell; picture frame; garden gate; college library; gear level;
- city street; corner shop; country lane;
- summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus; November fog;
- steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;/ - coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;
- fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; / - football match; beauty contest; pop music;
6. Suffixes: cc hu t dng to danh t.
6.1. er/ or/ ist/ ant/ ee/: teacher, visitor, terrorist, vegetarian, applicant, employee,
6.2. ent/ ce/ ion/ ism/ ance/ age/: government, difference, action, capitalism, assistance, marriage,
6.3. hood/ dom/ ship/ ness/ iety/: neighborhood, freedom, friendship, sadness, variety,..
6.4. ility/ ing/ al/ our/ y/: possibility, fishing, refusal, arrival, behavior, difficulty,
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 29 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 30 - Bi 20. VERBS (V): NG T

1. Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences.
2. Classification: phn loi ng t
2.1. Auxiliary verbs: ng t tr
2.1.1. Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs)
2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be
going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/(These are sometimes functional
verbs)
2.2. Lexical verbs: ng t mang ngha
2.2.1. Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish)
2.2.2. Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful)
2.2.3. Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without
any complementation. e.g. She cried (noisily). It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs)
2.2.4. Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation.
a. Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O).
e.g. She bought flowers. Ann met her fiance yesterday.
b. Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects. (S+V+O+O)
e.g. She bought me some sweets. (= She bought some sweets for me)
They gave me a big cake. (=They gave a big cake to me)
c. Complex transitive verbs: follow the form S + V + O + Co e.g. He made me angry.
d. Affixations: ph t to ng t
3.1. en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to )
e.g. danger.to endanger wide....to widen rich..to enrich
courageto encourage lengthto lengthen broad ..to broaden
3.2. ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify)
e.g. modernto modernize industrial.to industrialize minimum.to minimize
maximum.to maximize capital..to capitalize natural..to naturalize
3. Sentence models:
4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing.
4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella.
4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted.
4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late.
4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success.
4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad.
4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A She went to school early
Exercise 29/30
1. This is the best essay I have ever written.
Never had I written such a good essay/a better essay than this
2. I assumed that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.
I took it it for granted that she would learn.......
3. I am terribly sorry; I thought you were a friend of Annas.
I took you for a friend of Annas, Im sorry
4. Although she was busy, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.
Busy as/though she was, she............
5. I would prefer you to do computer science. Id rather you did computer science
6. He didnt get his visa until last Monday. It was not until last Monday that he got his visa
7. They continued to say that I was to blame. They persisted in saying that I was to blame
8. Vietnamese coffee is considered to be one of the best in the world.
Vietnamese coffee is regarded as one of the best in the world
9. If you ask me well in advance Ill be willing to work over time.
Provided you asked me well in advance, Ill...........
10. I never used bad language, she said. She denied using/having used bad language
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 30 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 31 - Bi 21. ADJECTIVES (ADJ): TNH T

1. Kinds (Classification): phn loi
1.1 Main kinds: phn loi chnh
a. Demonstrative: this, that, those, these.
b. Distributive: each, every, either, neither.
c. Quantitative: some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers.
d. Interrogative: which, what, whose.
e. Possessive: my, your, his, her, our, its, their
f. Quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,
1.2 Participles: phn t
a. present: ING-form boring, interesting, exciting,(for objects)
b. past: ED-form broken, tired, bored,(for human-beings)
c. Notes: Present participles different from gerund e.g He was fishing./ His hobby is fishing.
2. Functions (Position): chc nng hay v tr
2.1. Noun-subordinator: (b ngha cho danh t) a new book, a kind lady, a large room,
2.2. Verb-complementation: (b ngha cho ng t) Follow the certain verbs as be, become, seem
appear, feel, get, grow (become), keep, look (appear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,
But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: Eg: - He looks calm (=He himself is calm)
- He looks calmly at the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd)
3. Clauses: cc mnh danh tnh ng
3.1. That clause: It is disappointed that he failed the exam./ Its better that someone should tell him.
3.2. find/ think/ believe + that it + adjs + to + V:
I found that it is impossible to start now./ She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay.
3.3. It be + adjs + (of O) + infinitives:
a. Character: brave, careless, cowardly (nht nht), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean,
rude, selfish...
b. Sense: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhy bn), silly, stupid,
3.4. Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives: Using the above adjectives and: astonishing, curious,
ridiculous (l bch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lp d), pointless, useful, useless,
- Thats the amazing idea to show. - It was an unreasonable result to accept.
3.5. Its + adjs + infinitives: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important,
necessary, unnecessary, vital (tt yu),
3.6. It be + adjs + (for O) + infinitives: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important,
safe,
3.7. S + be + adjs + infinitives : - Angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad,
( S + be + glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/ + to say/ tell/ inform;
Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/)
- Able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing,
3.8. Special cases: cc cu trc c bit
- Due: (time) >The race is due to start in 5 minutes. (sp xy ra)
- Due to: a result of >The accident was due to his carelessness.(v, do bi)
- Owing to: because of >owing to his carelessness, we had an accident. (bi v, do bi)
- Certain/ sure + to V= opinion >He is sure to take legal action. (chc l suy on)
- Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion >I am certain that the price will be higher.
- Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: He was sure of entering the haunted house.(quyt tm)
- Bound + to V= obligation > We were bound to leave.
- Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: She was afraid of being left alone.
- Sorry for/ about + N/G: Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes.
- Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: Im sorry to tell you that bad news.
- Anxious about = worried He was anxious about going in the dark alone.
- Anxious for O to V = wish He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone.
- Anxious that + (clause) We are anxious that we couldnt come.
- Fortunate/ lucky that +(clause) = Its a good thingIt was lucky that we werent late.
- S + be fortunate/ lucky to V She was lucky to have such an interesting book.
- Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps Its possible that man will live longer.
- Aware/ conscious of N/G We should be aware of protecting our nature.
- Aware/ conscious + that +(clause) She was conscious that she would be late.
4. Suffixes:
4.1. able/ ible/ ish/ ed/ ing/ ful/ less/: talkable, visible, whitish, bored, amusing, careful, hopeless,
4.2. y/ ly/ en/ ese/ ous/ al/ ive/: wealthy, manly, golden, Chinese, poisonous, logical, effective,
4.3. ade/ ate/ ent/ wide/ ic/ ist/: adequate, humanate, dependent, worldwide, domestic, communist,
4.4. like/ style/ type/: childlike, Roman-type, German-style,
4.5. Nationality: a. an: American, Venezuelan, German, Mexican, African,
b. ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Sudanese, Lebanese,
c. i: Pakistani, Iraqi, Israeli, Yemeni, Saudi,
d. ian: Argentinean, Australian, Brazilian, Italian,
e. ish: English, Polish, Turkish, Danish, Finnish,
f. others: Czech, French, Dutch, Swiss, Greek, Thai,.
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 31 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 32 - Bi 22. ADVERBS (ADV) TRNG T

1. Kinds (Classification): phn loi
1.1. Adv of manner: bravely/ haP.Pily/ quickly/ well/ ( She sings marvelously/ He worked very hard)
1.2. Adv of place: by/ down/ near/ here/ there/ (Here comes the police)
1.3. Adv of time: now/ soon/ still/ today/ yet/(We are going to Hanoi today/ He will return soon)
1.4. Adv of frequency: always/ once/ twice/(We never eat dog-meat/ She once became the leader)
1.5. Adv of sentence: certainly/ definitely/ luckily/..( He was certainly the liar.)
1.6. Adv of degree: fairly/ hardly/ rather/ quite/ too/ ( Hardly did we see anything)
1.7. Adv of interrogative: when/ where/ why/ (When did you go?/ Where is she now?)
1.8. Adv of relative: when/ where/ why (He came when we were watching T.V)
2. Same form with adjectives: tnh t v trng t c chung hnh thc
back deep* direct* early enough little straight
far fast hard* high* ill near* well
just* kindly late* left wrong* most* right*
long low much* more* short* till pretty
Note: Adv* can either have ly or not, but differences in meanings.
3. Positions (Functions): v tr hay chc nng
3.1. Adv of manner: trng t ch th cch
Follow verbs: eg: He danced gracefully.
Before pres or follow objects in V + pre + O: eg: He looked at me carefully.
Follow Subject: eg: He suspiciously tasted the soup.
At the beginning or end: eg: Carefully he checks the suitcase. He checks the suitcase carefully.
3.2. Adv of time: trng t ch thi gian
At the beginning or end of sentences: afterwards/ eventually/ lately/ now/ recently/ at once/ since/ till/
eg: He will returns soon. Today we will learn lesson two.
Always at the end: before*/ early/ immediately*/ late (Adv* as conjunctions at the beginning)
eg: He went to the church immediately. Immediately, he went to the church.
Follow verbs or V + O: yet/ still eg: He still lives in the suburb of the city.
Split: just eg: He has just left the house.
3.3. Adv of place:
3.3.1. At the beginning or end: away/ everywhere/ nowhere/ somewhere/ here /there/
eg: Nowhere could we find him. English is spoken everywhere.
3.3.2. Administration: here/ there eg: He lives here/ She hasnt gone there.
3.4. Adv of frequency:
3.4.1. always/ continually/ frequently/ often/ once/ twice/ periodically/ repeatedly/ sometimes/
usually. eg: She usually walks to school.
3.4.2. Restricted (inversion): hardly ever/ never/ rarely/ scarcely ever/ seldom
eg: Never will she eat this kind of food.
3.5. Inversion cases: cc trng hp o ng
hardlyever hardlywhen in no circumstances neithernor
never no soonerthan not only not till
nowhere on no account only by only in this way
only then/ when scarcely ever scarcelywhen seldom/ so
Notes:
hardly/ rarely/ seldom/ never/ only + auxiliary + subject + verb ...
Eg. Never have so many people been unemployed as today.
(so many people have never been unemployed as today.)
Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-away lands.
(He had hardly fallen asleep when he dream of far-away lands.)
Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven.
(we have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven.)
Seldom does the class let out early.
Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
(We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.)
or
IN/ UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES : In / under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
ON NO ACCOUNT: Eg. On no account must this switch be toughed.
SO + ADJ + AUXILIARY + S + V + THAT. So difficult did she get a job that she had to stay home for
a year. So sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500
passengers.
ONLY IN THIS WAY : Eg. Only in this way could you solve the problem.
NAGATIVE, ... , NOR + AUXILIARY + S + V.... Eg. He didnt have any money, nor did he know
anybody from whom he could borrow.
Exercise 30/30
1. He failed his exam because he missed classes so often. (consequence)
As a consequence of missing classes so often, he failed his exam
2. Send me a postcard as soon as you arrive. (minute) Send me a postcard the minute you arrive
3. You dont have to do it if you dont want to. (obligation)
Youre under no obligation to do it if you dont want to
4. I tried as hard as I could but I still failed my driving tests. (however)
However hard I tried, I didnt pass my driving tests
5. I felt that it had been a big mistake to give up that job. (regretted)
I regretted ever having given up that job
6. Strangers are not to be let in. (account) On no account are strangers to be/must strangers be let in
7. He joined the army as soon as he had finished school. (sooner)
No sooner had he finished school than he joined the army
8. If it werent for the weather, I would enjoy working here so much (but)
But for the weather, I would enjoy working here so much
9. It rained torrentially all day yesterday, which really depressed me. (got)
The torrential rain all day yesterday really got me down
10. I wrote this book because I want to help students with their writing. (view)
I wrote this book with a view to helping students with their writing
---------------------------------------------------- KT THC BUI 32 ----------------------------------------------------
Bui 33 - Bi 23. N TP TNG HP

EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
1. Nam said I am told to be at school before 7 oclock
2. Thomas said All the students will have a meeting next week
3. She said My parents are very proud of my good marks
4. The teacher said All the homework must be done carefully
5. Her father said to her You can go to the movie with your friend
6. She said I may visit my parents in summer
7. The teacher said We can collect old book for the poor students
8. She said I dont buy this book
9. The boys said We have to try our best to win the match
10. Her classmate said Ha is the most intelligent girl in our class
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
1. Do you enjoy reading? Mike asked Peter
2. Do you like sports? Hang asked Nam
3. Do your sister and brother go to the same school? She asked Nam
4. Are there some oranges in the fridge? She asked her mom
5. Will it rain tomorrow morning? He asked his friend
6. Did you go to Hue three years ago? Tam asked Peter
7. Are Tam and Hoa late for class? Tuan asked Lan
8. She said to me Can you speak Chinese?
9. Will you be here for five days? Tam asked Thu
10. Were you reading this book at 8 oclock last Sunday? She asked Ba
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
1. Where does your father work? The teacher asked me
2. How many people are there in your family? She asked John
3. Tams friend asked him How long will you stay in England?
4. What time does the film begin? She asked her mom
5. The teacher said to Lien Whats your hobby?
6. How do you go to the airport? His friend asked him
7. How much does this dress cost? Ann asked her mother
8. Mary asked David How often do you wash your clothes?
9. When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA? Phong asked Thu
10. How many books do the students need? The librarian asked my teacher
KT THC GIAI ON HC H
TI LIU THAM KHO C BN

1. B Sch Gio Khoa Ting Anh THPT 8. English Vietnamese Dictionary
2. Chun Kin Thc K Nng mn Ting Anh 9. Gii thiu b n thi H-C 2013
3. Phn Phi chng trnh ting Anh THPT 10. Ng Php Ting Anh Thc Hnh
4. A Practical English Grammar 11. Ti liu Ng m hc HNN-HQG H Ni
5. Ti liu Ng php hc HNN-HQG H Ni 12. 30 B n thi H-C Vnh B
6. Bi son n thi H-C 2007-2014 13. 22 B n thi H-C H Bch Hng
7. Cc vn bn hng dn chng trnh 14. Cc ti liu khc
Lp Thch, thng 7 nm 2014

Duyt ca Lnh o Gio vin son
Vn Bnh

Giao An Chuyen de 01

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TRNG THPT LIN SN T NGOI NG - TI LIU GING DY CHUYN MN TING ANH KHI 12

PHN I. PHONETICS STRESS TRNG M

Bui 2 - Bi 1. RULES TO MARK STRESS QUI TC NH TRNG M

Bui 5 - Bi 2. PRONUNCIATION C PHIN M - (N TP)

Bui 6 - Bi 2. PRONUNCIATION C PHIN M - (N TP)

Bui 7 - Bi 3. PHN II. TENSES N TP V NG PHP

Bui 8 - Bi 4. PHN II. TENSES N TP V NG PHP

PHN III. PHRASES VS. CLAUSES CM T & MNH

He writes correctly as well as neatly. / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science.

Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music.

c. Both ... and

Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music.

2. The norminal clause: Mnh danh t (tng ng nh danh t, c th lm S, C, O trong cu)

Bui 10 - Bi 2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE CH MC CH

Bui 11 + 12 - Bi 3. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION NHNG B

Bui 14- Bi 5. CU IU KIN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer.

Bui 15 - Bi 6. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON NGUYN NHN, L DO

The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam.

The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.

We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage.

Bui 16 - Bi 7. COMPARISON SO SNH

Bui 17 - Bi 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES GI NH

He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich)

b. The past sense:

Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost. (She didnt see a ghost.)

2. The use of with and hope:

Bui 18 - Bi 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES GI NH

It is necessary that he find the books.

Bui 19 - Bi 9. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT KT QU

This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Bui 20 - Bi 10. RELATIVE CLAUSES MNH QUAN H

Bui 22 - Bi 11. CLEFT SENTENCES CU CH

Bui 23 - Bi 12. INDIRECT SPEECH CU TRC TIP, GIN TIP

Bui 24 - Bi 13. THE PASSIVE VOICE CU B NG

A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year.

3. The committee is considering several new proposals.

Several new proposals are being considered by the committee.

4. The committee was considering several new proposals.

Several new proposals were being considered by the committee.

5. The company has ordered some new equipment.

Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.

7. The manager should sign these contracts today.

These contracts should be signed by the manager today.

8. Somebody should have called the president this morning.

The president should have been called this morning.

Notes: Have/ get / make

PHN IV. SENTENCE ELEMENTS THNH T CA CU (N TP)

Bui 26 - Bi 16. COMPLEMENTS (C): B NG

Bui 27 - Bi 17. OBJECTS (O): TN NG

Bui 28 - Bi 18. ADVERBIALS (A): TRNG NG

PHN V. PARTS OF SPEECH B PHN NGN NG (T VNG)

Bui 30 - Bi 20. VERBS (V): NG T

Bui 31 - Bi 21. ADJECTIVES (ADJ): TNH T

Bui 32 - Bi 22. ADVERBS (ADV) TRNG T

Bui 33 - Bi 23. N TP TNG HP

TI LIU THAM KHO C BN

Lp Thch, thng 7 nm 2014

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