0 & -

1 & -

1. ,

.
.

:
,

.
12
,
( 2 ) ( 1 )
F1 , F2
.
1-

B1 .

,
.

F = 0

2.

,
.
,
.

, .

,

2 & -

m
,

p = m

.
1Kgr m
s
. 1Ns .

, , y

p
. py
,

,
px x
.

.
:
1 m 2 2 ( m ) 2
K= m 2 K = K =
2 2m 2m

p2
K=
2m

p 1 , p 2 , p 3 ...,
p
p = p 1 + p 2 + p 3 + ...

: ,
.

2 m 1 , m 2
1 , 2 p 1 , p 2 .
2 :

3 & -

(+ )
)
p1 p2

,

p = p1 + p 2 p = p 1 + p 2

2 .

)
(+ )
p1 p2
,
p = p1 + p 2 p = p 1 - p 2

p > 0 , p
p < 0 , p

)
p1
p p2

2 2
p = p1 + p 2 p = p 1 + p 2

p
p 2 p .
p
p1
=
p2
p2

p1

4 & -

) ,

p p1 p
p2

p2

p1

2 2
p = p1 + p 2 p = p 1 + p 2 + 2p 1 p 2

p
p 1 p .
p 2
=
p 1 + p 2

.

p = p - p

) p p , p

(+ )
p , p

p = p - p p
p
:
p = + p - ( + p ) p = p - p

p > 0 , p
p < 0 , p

5 & -

) p p , p

, (+ )
p p
p = p - p
:
p = -p - ( + p ) p = -p - p

:
:
p = p - (-p ) = p + p

p .

) p p , p

p , p p
p
. p = p - p .
p p ,

p - p ,
- p p
p = p - p
p = p + (-p )
p - p ( /)
p

p = p 2 + p
2

p
=
p

6 & -

) p p , p

- p p



p , p .

p - p (
p p
/) p
:

p = p 2 + p
2
+ 2p p (180 - )

p
=
p
( )

3.

F = m

= , :
t

- m - m p - p
F = m F = m F = F =
t t t t

p
F =
t

7 & -

1:
.
2:
( ), F
( ).
3:
,
.
4:
(
),
, ,
0,8c , c .
5: : Ft = p .
Ft
F
t, : = Ft .

.

4. (...)

p() = p() p1 ( ) + p2 ( ) +... = p1( ) + p2( ) + ...

1:
,

. ..,

,
.

8 & -

2:
. ,
, ,
.
3:

.

5.

)
) (
) 1.

i) :

.
,
.

.
.
ii) :

.

1
. .., ( e)
, ,
.
,
, .
.

9 & -

.
iii) :

.
,
.

i) : ,
.

K () = K ()

ii) : ,
.
. :

K () = K () + E .

K () > K ()

( )
(
,
-)

6.

1 2 m 1 m 2
1 2
.

1 2 .

10 & -

(+ )
1 2 1 2

( 1 ) m1 ( 2 ) m 2 ( 1 ) m1 ( 2 ) m 2

(...):

p() = p() p1 ( ) + p2 ( ) = p 1( ) + p 2( )
m 1 1 + m 2 2 = m 1 1 + m 2 2 (1)

K () = K () K 1( ) + K 2( ) = K 1( ) + K 2( )
1 1 1 1
m112 + m 2 22 = m11 2 + m 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
m 1 1 + m 2 2 = m 1 1 + m 2 22 (2)
2 2 2

(1) m1 (1 1) = m 2 ( 2 2 ) (3)
(2) m1 (12 1 2 ) = m 2 ( 2 2 22 ) (4)

(3) (4) :
(4) m ( 2 1 2 ) m 2 ( 2 2 22 ) m ( 1) (1 + 1) m 2 ( 2 2 ) ( 2 + 2 )
1 1 = 1 1 =
(3) m1 ( 1 1) m 2 ( 2 2 ) m1 (1 1) m 2 ( 2 2 )

1 + 1 = 2 + 2 (5)

(1) m11 + m 2 2 = m11 + m 2 2 m11 + m 2 2 = m11 + m 2 2

(5) 1 + 1 = 2 + 2 2 = 1 2 + 1

m1 1 + m 2 2 = m1 1 + m 2 ( 1 2 + 1)
2 = 1 2 + 1

11 & -

m1 m 2 2m 2
1 = 1 + 2 (6)
m1 + m 2 m1 + m2

2m 1 m m1
2 = 1 + 2 2 (7)
m1 + m 2 m1 + m2

1:
.
,
.
2: (5) :
1 2 = 2 1 1 2 = (1 - 2)

,
. 1 2 ,
1 2
1,2 = 1 2 .
1,2 = 1 2 .


.
3: ,
:
K () = K () K 1( ) + K 2( ) = K 1( ) + K 2( )
K 1( ) K 1( ) = K 2( ) K 2( ) K 1( ) K 1( ) = (K 2( ) K 2( ) )
(1) = (2)
1
2.

) 1 2 ( m 1 = m 2 = m )
(6) (7) m1 , m2 = m , :
mm 2m
1 = 1 + 2 1 = 2
m+m m+m

2m mm
2 = 1 + 2 2 = 1
m+m m+m

12 & -

1 2 1 = 2 2 = 1

( 1 ) m ( 2 ) m ( 1 ) m ( 2 ) m

, .

) (2), ( 2 = 0 )
(6) (7) 2 = 0 , :

m1 m 2
1 = 1 (8)
m1 + m 2

2m 1
2 = 1 (9)
m1 + m2

) (2), ,
( m 1 = m 2 = m , 2 = 0 )
(8) (9) m1 , m2 = m , :
mm
1 = 1 1 = 0
m+m
2m
2 = 1 2 = 1
m+m

1 2 = 0 1 = 0 2 = 1

( 1 ) m ( 2 ) m ( 1 ) m ( 2 ) m

) (2), ,
(1) ( 2 = 0 , m 1 << m 2 )
m
m1 << m 2 1 0
m2

(8) (9) :

13 & -

m1 m2 m1
m m2 m2 m2
1 0 1
1 = 1 1 1 = m1 + m2
1 1 = 1 1 = 1 1 1
m1 + m 2 m1
+1 0 +1
m2 m2

2m1 2m1
2m1 m2 m2 20
2 = 1 2 = m1 + m2
1 2 = 1 2 = 1 2 = 0
m1 + m 2 m1
+ 1 0 +1
m2 m2

,
.
,

.

m
-

,
, .

) (2), ,
(1) ( 2 = 0 , m 2 << m 1 )
m
m 2 << m1 2 0
m1
(8) (9) :

m1 m2 m2
m m2 m1
1 m1 1- 0
1 = 1 1 1 = m1 + m2
1 1 = 1 1 = 1 1 1
m1 + m2 m1
1+ m2
m1
1+ 0

14 & -

2m1
2m1 m1 21 21
2 = 1 2 = m1 + m2
1 2 = 1 2 = 1 2 = 21
m1 + m2 m1
1+ m2
m1
1+ 0

,

,

.

1 2 = 0 1 = 1 2 = 2 1

m1 m1
( 1 ) ( 2 ) m 2 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) m 2

7.

1 2 m 1 m 2
1 2
1 2
.

(+ )
1 2 1 2

( 1 ) m1 ( 2 ) m 2 ( 1 ) m1 ( 2 ) m2

(...):

p() = p() p1 ( ) + p2 ( ) = p 1( ) + p 2( )

15 & -

m 1 1 + m 2 2 = m 1 1 + m 2 2

K () = K () + E . K1( ) + K 2( ) = K1( ) + K 2( ) + E .
1 1 1 1
m1 12 + m 2 22 = m1 12 + m 2 22 + .
2 2 2 2

8.

1 2 m 1 m 2
1 2
.

V .

(+)
1 2 V

( 1 ) m1 ( 2 ) m2 ( 1,2 ) m1 + m 2

(...):

p() = p() p1 ( ) + p 2 ( ) = p1,2( )

m11 + m 2 2 = (m1 + m2 ) V

m 1 1 + m 2 2
V=
m1 + m 2

16 & -

K () = K () + E.
E. = K () K () (1)

:
1 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 (m + m2 2 ) 2
E. = m112 + m2 22 (m1 + m2 )V 2 = m112 + m2 22 (m1 + m2 ) 1 1 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 (m1 + m2 ) 2
1 1 1 m1212 + m 22 22 + 2m11m 2 2
= m112 + m 2 22 =
2 2 2 (m1 + m 2 )
m112 (m1 + m 2 ) + m 2 22 (m1 + m 2 ) - m1212 m 22 22 2m11m 2 2
= =
2(m1 + m 2 )
m1212 + m1m 212 + m1m 2 22 + m 22 22 - m1212 m 22 22 2m11m 2 2
= =
2(m1 + m 2 )
m1m 212 + m1m 2 22 2m11m 2 2 m1m2 (12 + 22 21 2 )
= =
2(m1 + m 2 ) 2(m1 + m 2 )

m 1 m 2 (1 2 ) 2
E . =
2(m 1 + m 2 )

1:
( 2 = 0 ), :
m1
V = 1
m1 + m 2

2:
,
.

3:
,
.

9.

1 m 1 1
2 m 2 . .
x
1 .
1 1 1
x 2 2 2
x.

17 & -

y 1
m1
1
2 = 0
1
m1
m2 2 x

m2
2
(+ )

(+ )

x (...):

p()x = p()x m11 = m11x + m2 2x

m1 1 = m1 11 + m 2 22

y (...):

p()y = p()y 0 = m11y m2 2y

0 = m 1 11 m 2 22

1 1 1
K () = K () m112 = m11 2 + m 2 2 2
2 2 2

m1 12 = m1 12 + m 2 22

18 & -

( )

m
.
.

y

2
x
2

1
x

,
x = x

y,

y = y
:
= x2 + y2

= x2 + y2

=

:
.

1 1
K () = K () m 2 = m 2 =
2 2

19 & -

1 2 :
y
1 =

= 1 = 2
y y 1 2
2 = =

20 & -

1.
.
F = 0 F
t 0 (.. ,
).
2. : )
)
... , p() p()
.
3.
( )

, : p() = p() p() = p ( ) .
)
) (+)
( ) (-)
.
,
(+). (
) , .
, ( ) .
4.
.
5. 1 2
, :
.
.
.
.
: 1 2 = (1 - 2) .
: (1) = (2) .
: P(1) = P(2)
1 2
2 .
1
2
2 .

21 & -

6. 1 2
, :
.

.
().
:
E. = K () K ()


:
E
= . 100%
(.)
(.) (.)
= 100%
(.)

= 1 (.) 100%
(.)

7. 1 2 ,

.
:
) .
) x
y.
.
) :
p()x = p()x
p()y = p()y
) ,
.
8. .
) ,
.
)
, .
)
1 2 = (1 - 2) , .
)
, .

 22 & -

9. ,
, ...
.

m
V

M M+m

...
.
10. ,
.... ,
,
.

( A)

WT ( ) = WT ( ) = 0

()
W

11. ,
,
:
)

F = 0 T - W = 0 T = W T = mg

 23 & -

m 2 m 2
F = FK T - W = = mg +

Fy = 0 T - Wy = 0 T = Wy T = mg

Wx

Wy

m 2 m 2
Fy = FK T - Wy = = mg +

Wx

Wy

24 & -

12.
,
.

.

E(.) = (.) . = U .
max
=0
1 M 2 = 1 2max
2 2

: ,

.

E(.) = (.) . = U . + Q .

1 M 2 = 1 2max + Mg max
2 2