MOIS 881013

(02)23650355
(02)23650355
39 11 22






(
)
()
()
()
(
)
(
)
()
()
()

1 2 3 4

(1).
(2).
(3).
(4).

1
1
2.
3.
4.

2


1-1
2-1
2-1 2-1
2-2 2-11
3-1
3-1 Eurocode 1 3-1
3-2 Eurocode 7 3-11
3-3 Eurocode 8 3-26
4-1
4-1 4-1
4-2 4-11
5-1
5-1 5-1
5-2 5-12
6-1
7-1
7-1 7-2
7-2 7-7
7-3 7-10
8-1
8-1 8-1
8-2 8-4
8-3 8-5
9-1
10-1


1996
1996 AASHTO
(Eurocode)
Eurocode 7- Eurocode 8-
1984
(GBJ68-84)

1.


2.



3.


4.



5.

6.

3-1

UBC AASHTO

1. UBC

(1) UBC LRFDASD

ASD
(2)

(3)

(4)

2. AASHTO

(1) AASHTO

6

(2)
(a)
(b)



(3)

(4)

3.

(1)


(2)

(3) (Partial Factor
Method)

(4)

AASHTO

(5)

7


(6)

(7)
~

4.

(1) Eurocode,

(2) Eurocode
" " Eurocode

(3)

5.

(1).
(2).

6.

(1)



(2)

7.

(1)

(2)
( )


(3) ( )

3-2

UBC
LRFD AASHTO

AASHTO

( ).

(i) (N) (D) (L)

(ii) (EQ) (D) (L) (EQ)

( L = 0 .2 D )
(e = 0 . 05B )
D+L
Q ref

Q ref = D + L = 1. 2D

Cu C

10
1.

q u
3 2

(i).

G( N ) = D + L

= 1. 2 D
= Q ref
FS ( req ) = 3
FS = 3

FS Q ref

(ii).

G ( EQ ) = D + L + EQ
6e
= ( D + 0.2 D )(1 + )
B
= (1.2 D )(1.3)
= 1.3Q ref

FS ( req ) = 2

FS ( relative ) = ( 2)(1 . 3) / FS = 0 . 87

FS(relative)
1

e = 0 . 083B

11

e > 0.083B

e = 0.167 B FS(relative)=1.33.

2. ASSHTO

(1).

ASSHTO

(i).

G ( N ) = D + L = 1. 2D = Q ref
FS ( req ) = 3
FS ( relative ) = 3 / FS = 1

FS(relative) 1

(ii).

G (EQ ) = D + EQ
6e
= D(1 + )
B
= 1 . 3D
= 1 . 08Q ref

AASHTO
133

FS ( relative ) = 1 . 08 / 1 . 33 = 0 . 81

12

EQ 9.9
e = 0.167 B
FS(relative)=1.25.
(2).

AASHTO

SPT = 0 . 45

= 0 . 60

(i)

G (N ) = ( D D + L L )

= 1 . 3(1 . 0D + 1 . 67 0 . 2D )

= 1 . 73D
= 1 . 45Q ref

( )
FS ( relative ) = 1 . 45 / 0 . 45 FS = 1 . 07

FS ( relative ) = 1. 45 / (0 . 60 FS ) = 0 . 81

(ii).

G (EQ ) = ( D D + EQ )

6e
= 1 . 3( D ) 1 +
B

= 1 . 69D
= 1 . 41Q ref

13
 (
FS ( relative ) = 1 . 41 / 0 . 45 FS = 1 . 04 )
FS ( relative ) = 1. 41 / (0 . 60 FS ) = 0 . 78

e = 0.167 B

(
FS (relative ) = 2.17 / 0.45FS = 1.60 )
FS (relative ) = 2.17 / (0.60 FS ) = 1.20

3.

(i).

G ( N ) = Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1 01Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
j 1 i f1

= 1 . 0D + (1 . 3)(0 . 7)(0 . 2D )

= 1 .182D
= 0 . 99Q ref

m (ENV1991-1:9.4.3(3))

C 1.6 tan 1.25

C u 1.4

FS ( relative ) = 0 . 99 1 . 25 / FS = 0 . 41

FS ( relative ) = 0 . 99 1 . 4 / FS = 0 . 46

(ii).

G ( EQ ) = G kj + Pk + i AEd + 2i Q ki
j 1 i 1

14
 = [1.0 D + (0.6)(0.2 D )](1 +
6e
)
B

= 1 . 46D
= 1 . 21Q ref

FS (relative ) = 1.21 1.25 / FS = 0.50

FS (relative ) = 1.21 1.4 / FS = 0.57

e = 0.167 B

G (EQ ) = 1.86Q ref

FS (relative ) = 1.86 1.25 / FS = 0.77

FS (relative ) = 1.86 1.4 / FS = 0.88

( ).

SPT-N

15


Qu

1.

D L D+L )
L = 0 . 2D
Q ref

Q ref = D + L = 1. 2D

Q a = Q u / FS

Q u FS 2

2. AASHTO

(1).

AASHTO
(I)

G ( I ) = [D + L]

16
 = 1 .2 D
= Qref

(2).

AASHTO
(I)

G ( I ) = ( D D + L L )

= 1.3(1.0 D + 1.67 L )

= 1.734 D
= 1.45Qref

= 0.80

FS = 1.45 / 0.8 = 1.81

3.

G ( N ) = Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1 01Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
j 1 i f1

= 1 . 0D + (1 . 3)(0 . 7)(0 . 2D )

= 1 .182D
= 0 . 99Q ref

17
 ENV 1997-1:7.6.3.2 6(P) Rcm
R ck

R ck = Rcm /

=1.35 2
R cd

R cd = Rck / t
R cd
R ck

t =1.5

FS = 0.99 1.35 1.5 = 2.0

( ).
1.

7.1
7.1
AASHTO

2
50% AASHTO 33%

18


7.1 AASHTO

7.1
AASHTO

7.1

1/2 2/3

AASHTO
AASHTO

AASHTO

19


2.

7.2
7.2
2 AASHTO
2
AASHTO
0.80
1.81

1
0.5 2

7.1 FS (relative )

20
 AASHTO

1.07 0.41
(i) 1 1
0.81 0.46

(ii) 1.04~1.60 0.50~0.77

0.87~1.33 0.81~1.25
e = (.05 ~ .17) B 0.78~1.20 0.57~0.88

7.2

AASHTO

Q ref Q ref 1.45Q ref 0.99Q ref

- - 0.80 0.50

2 2 1.81 2.00

Q ref D+L=1.2D

21


4-1

(1)
(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

22


4-2

AASHTO
(
)

23
(1).
(2).
(3).
(4).

24

1. (1998)
397pp

2.
( ) 86 6

3. 1988

4. (I
) 1996 12

5. (GBJ 68-84)

6. (JGJ 94-94)

7. AASHTO, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th

Edition, 1996.

8. International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform

Building Code, 1997 Edition, 1997.

9. CEN, ENV 1991-1: Basis of Design and Actions on Structure, 1994.

10. CEN, ENV 1997-1: Geotechnical Design, 1994.

11. CEN, ENV 1998: Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of

Structures, 1994.

25


( )
1.

( )
1.

26


2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

( )
1.
(1)


(2)

27
2.
(1)

(2)

3.
(1)

(2)

4.
(1)

5.
(1)

6.
(1)

(2)

7.
(1)

8. ( )
(1)

28

(2)

( )

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
5 10

29


1.

2.

3.

1.
2.

3.

4.

1.

2.
((a)~(f))

3.

30


1-1


4.

31


1996
1996 AASHTO
Eurocode 7- Eurocode 8-
1984
(GBJ68-84)

1-2


(Uniform Building Code) (Standard Specifications for
Highway Bridges)

2-1 (UNIFORM BUILDING CODE, 1997)

2-1-1

1612
1612.2 LRFD(Load and Resistance Factor Design)
1612.2.1
1.4D (12-1)
1.2D+1.6L+0.5(L r S) (12-2)

2-1
 1.2D+1.6(L r S)+(f 1 L+0.8W) (12-3)
1.2D+1.3W+f 1 L+0.5(L r S) (12-4)
1.2D+1.0E+(f 1 L+f 2 S) (12-5)
0.9D(1.0E 1.3W) (12-6)
1612.2.2
1.3F, 1.6H, 1.2P 1.2T

1612.3 ASD(Allowable Stress Design)

1612.3.1
D (12-7)
D+L+(L r S) (12-8)
E
D+(W ) (12-9)
1.4
E
0.9D (12-10)
1.4
E
D+0.75[L+(L r S)+(W
)] (12-11)
1.4

1612.3.2
D+L+(L r S) (12-12)
E
D+L+(W ) (12-13)
1.4
D+L+W+S/2 (12-14)
D+L+S+W/2 (12-15)
E
D+L+S+ (12-16)
1.4
1/3
1612.3.3
F, H, P T

2-2

1612.4
16 (Div. IV) 18 23 LRFD ASD

1.2D+f 1 L+1.0E m (12-17)
0.9D1.0E m (12-18)

(12-1) (12-18)
D
E
Em
F
H
L
Lr
P
S
T
W

f 1 =1.0 a.
b. 500kg/m 2
c.
f 1 =0.5

f 2 =0.7 ( )
f 2 =0.2

2-3
2-1-2

1802
18 19 21 22 23

33
1612.3

1804

1804.2

1804.5
1804.2


1631.2
(Ground Motion) 50 10%

2-4
 16-I

2-5
 16-I

1 2A 2B 3 4
Z 0.075 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40

1805
18-I-A
18-I-A
Type One-hour Type -N Type
29.2kN/m
222.4kN

1806

1806.1
18-I-C

1806.2

1806.3
18-I-C

1806.4
10%(1V:10H)

2-6
1806.5

1806.5.1
33.3% (1V:3H)

1806.5.2

1806.5 18-I-1
1V:1H
45

1806.5.3

(embedment) (setback)
1806.5 18-I-1
1V:1H 45

1806.5.4

2.134m

1806.5.5

30cm 2%

2-7
1806.5.6

1806.8


0.5

18-I-1

2-8
 18-I-A

3)
1) 2)

(kPa) (kPa/m)
192 188 0.70
96 64 0.35
GW,GP 96 32 0.35
SW, SP, SM,SC,GM,GC 72 24 0.25
CL, ML, MH, CH 44 16 6 kPa
1). 30cm 30cm
30cm 20%
3

2). 30cm 20%
15
3).

18-I-C

1 6 6 12 6 12
2 8 8 15 7 18
3 10 10 18 8 24

2-9
1807

1807.3

1807.4

1. 50%

2. 0.564mm/kN
24
3. 40

1807.5

5 10

1807.6

1807.7

1807.11

1808

2-10
1808
1808.1
1808.2
l / d <30

f ca 0.33 f c'
f sa 0.34 f y 175.7 Mpa
1808.3
1808.4
1808.5
1808.6
1808.7

1809
1809.1
1809.2
1809.3
1809.4
1809.5
1603
1.2

2-11
2-2
(STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES, 1996)

2-2-1

PART B

3.22
3.22.1

Group( N ) = [ D D + L ( L + I ) + C CF + E E + B B + S SF + W W
+ WLWL + LF LF + R ( R + S + T ) + EQ EQ + ICE ICE ]

: N =
= 3.22.1A
= ( 3.22.1A)
D = LF =
L = CF =
I = R =

2-12
 E = S =
B = T =
W = EQ =
WL = SF =
--(150kg/m) ICE =

3.22.2
3.22.1A
3.3 3.21

3.22.3 3.22.1A

3.22.4


3.22.5
IB
3.22.1A H20(M18) IA

2-13
 3.22.1A
1 2 3 3A 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

%
D (L+I)n (L+I)p CF E B SF W WL LF R+S+T EQ ICE
I 1 1 1 0 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
IA 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150
IB 1 1 0 1 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 **

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 125
E
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 0 0 0 125

1 1 1 0 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 125

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 140
1 1 1 0 1 E 1 1 0.3 1 1 1 0 0 140
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 133
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 140
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 150
1 1 1 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
I 1.3 D 1.67* 0 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
IA 1.3 D 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IB 1.3 D 0 1 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.3 D 0 0 0 E 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
D E
1.3 1 0 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 0 0 0

1.3 D 1 0 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

1.25 D 0 0 0 E 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

1.25 D 1 0 1 E 1 1 0.3 1 1 1 0 0
1.3 D 0 0 0 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1.3 D 1 0 1 E 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1.2 D 0 0 0 E 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1.3 1 1.67 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(L+I) n =AASHTO H HS
(L+I) p =

* 1.25
1.67
1.00 3.24.2.2

2-14
 ()
** = 100

2-15

%( 3.22.1A 14 )

6.2
E =1.0
E =1.0 0.5 (
) 3.20

E =1.3
E =1.15
E =0.5
E =1.0
D =0.75

D =1.0
D =1.0
E =1.0 R.C.
E =1.5

( ) E

2-16
2-2-2

PART A

4.1

PART B

4.4

4.4.7.1


1/6
1/4
3

Group(1)=D+L+CF+E+B+SF

4.4.7.2

2-17
 St = Se + Sc + S s

S e D+(L+I) n S c S s
D

( / l ) 0.005 0.004
( h ) 1 1.5

4.4.8

1.3 1.5

1.5 1.8

4.6

4.6.5

4.6.5.1
Q ul t

Qult = Qs Q T W

Qult 0.7 Qs W

2-18
 QS QT W

Qall = Qult / FS

FS
FS =2 FS =2.5

4.6.5.5


Reese & O'Neill (1988)

4.6.5.6

4.6.6
3 3
3

5
7.5
10

2-19
PART C

4.10.2

4.10.3

4.10.5
3.22.1A
3.22.1A

4.10.6
4.10.6-1

2-20
 4.10.6-2 4.10.6-3

4.11

4.11.3
S e 3.22.1A S c
Ss
( /S) 0.008 0.004

4.11.4
e
e B / 4
e 3B / 8
B

4.13

4.13.3
4.13.3.2

4.13.3.3
4.10.6-3

2-21
2-22
 4.10.6-1

1.
a.
SPT 0.45
CPT 0.55

SPT f 0.35
CPT f 0.45
b.
CPT 0.50

0.60
0.60
CPT 0.50
c.
(Carter and Kulhawy) 0.60
2.
a.
SPT f 0.90
CPT f 0.90
b.
SPT f 0.80
CPT f 0.80
c. ( 0.5 )

2-23
 0.85
0.85
CPT 0.80
d. ( 0.5 ) 0.85

f SPT CPT

0.5
0.5
4.10.6-2

( )
0.70
0.50
0.55
(Skempton, 1951 0.70
(Kulhawy, 1983)
CPT f 0.45
SPT f 0.35

(Canadian Geotech. 0.50

Society, 1985)
SPT 0.45
CPT 0.55
0.80
PDA 0.70
0.65

0.60

2-24
 0.40
0.45
SPT 0.35
CPT 0.45
0.80
0.55
0.55

4.10.6-3

( - (Reese & O'Neill) 0.65

)
( ) (Reese & O'Neill) 0.55

( 1) Touma & Reese

2) Meyerhof
) 3) Quiros & Reese
4.13.3.3.3
4) Reese & Wright
5) Reese & O'Neill
( ) 1) Touma & Reese
2) Meyerhof
3) Quiros & Reese
4.13.3.3.3
4) Reese & Wright
5) Reese & O'Neill
( Carter & Kulhawy 0.55
Horvath and Kenney 0.65
)
( ) Canadian Geotech. Soc. 0.50
(Canadian 0.50
Geotech. Soc.)
0.80

2-25

0.65

- (Reese & O'Neill) 0.55

0.50
(Reese & O'Neill)
1) Touma & Reese
2) Meyerhof
3) Quiros & Reese
4.13.3.3.3
4) Reese & Wright
5) Reese & O'Neill
Carter & Kulhawy 0.45
Horvath & Kenney 0.55
0.80

0.55
0.55

2-26
2-27


(Eurocode) European Prestandard (ENV)

Commission of the European Communities (CEC)

1990
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EFTA

ENV
EN(European Standard) National
Application Document (NAD)
ENV EN

P (Principle)
P

3-1 Eurocode 1
ENV 1991-1: Basis of Design and Actions on Structure
Part 1: Basis of Design

2.3 (Design Situation)

3-1
(2)P
(Persistent Situation)
(Transient Situation)
(Accidental Situation)
(Seismic Situation)

2.4

( )
1 1 5
2 25 (parts)
3 50

4 100

3 (Limit States)

3.2 (Ultimate Limit States)

(1)P
(2)

(3)P


(4)

3-2


3.3 (Serviceability Limit States)

(1)P

(2)P



(3)P
(4)
(5)

9. (Partial Factor Method)

9.3
9.3.1
(1)P Fd

3-3
 Fd = F Frep
F

9.3.2
(1)P E E d
E d = E (Fdi , a di , X di )
Fdi i
a di i
X di i

9.3.3
(1)P Xd
X d = X k / m
X d = X k / m
m

9.3.4
(1)P

3-4
 a d = a nom

9.3.5
(1)P R d X di a di

R d = R (a di , X di , )

(2) Rd
X
R d = R k , a nom
M
R ( X k , a nom )
1
Rd =
R
1 X
Rd = R k , a nom
Rd M
M
R
Rd

9.4

9.4.1
(1)P
E d , fst E d , stb
E d ,dst
E d , stb

(2)P
E d Rd

3-5
 Ed
Rd

9.4.2
(1)P (critical load case)

( )

j 1
Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1 01Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
i f1

j 1
j Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
i f1
( j = 0.85 ~ 1 )

j 1
GAj G kj + PA Pk + Ad + 11Q k 1 + 2i Q ki
i 1

G
j 1
kj + Pk + i AEd + 2i Q ki
i 1

G kj i
Pk
Q k 1 Q ki
Ad
AEd
Gj i
j Gj
GAj i
P
P

3-6
 Qi i
i ( ENV 1998)

01 0i

11 2i

9.4.3
(3) 9.2

9.4.4
(1) 9.3

9.4.5
9.4.2

j 1
Gj G kj + 1.5Q k 1

j 1
Gj G kj + 1.35 Q ki
i 1

9.5

3-7
9.5.1
(1)P
Ed Cd
Cd
Ed

9.5.2

G
j 1
kj + Pk + Q k 1 + 0i Q ki
i f1

G
j 1
kj + Pk + 11Q k 1 + 2i Q ki
i f1

G
j 1
kj + Pk + 2i Qki
i 1

9.5.3
1.0

9.5.4
9.3

9.5.5
(1) 9.5.2

3-8


G
j 1
kj + Qk1

G
j 1
kj + 0.9 Q ki
i 1

3-9
 9.2

1)

/
A
2,4)
G sup 1.10 1.00
2,4)
Ginf 0.90 1.00

Q 1.50 1.00
9.4.1
A 1.00

5) 6)
B
3,4)
G sup 1.35 1.00
3,4)
Ginf 1.00 1.00

Q 1.50 1.00
9.4.1
A 1.00

5)
C
4)
G 1.00 1.00
4)
G 1.00 1.00

Q 1.30 1.00

A 1.00

(1) A B C

(2) 1.1 0.9
ENV 1993 ENV 1994
(3) 1.35 1.0

3-10
(4) 4.2 (3)P

(5) B C ENV 1997-1-1
(6) ENV 1997 sd
G (1.35) Q (1.50)

9.3

0 1 2
1)

A
0.7 0.5 0.3
B
0.7 0.5 0.3
C
0.7 0.7 0.6

D
0.7 0.7 0.6

E
1.0 0.9 0.8


F 0.7 0.7 0.6
G 0.7 0.5 0.3
H 0 0 0

2) 2) 2)
0.6 0.2 0

3-11

2) 2) 2)
0.6 0.5 0
3)

2) 2) 2)
0.6 0.5 0
1) ENV 1991-2-1
2)
3) ENV 1991-2-X

3-12
3-2 Eurocode 7
ENV 1997-1: Geotechnical Design
Part 1. General Rules

2.1
(1)P ENV 1991-1 Eurocode 1: "Basis of Design"
(2)P



(3)
(4)P






(5)
(Geotechnical Category 1)

3-13



(Geotechnical Category 2)



(Geotechnical Category 3)



(6)P 2.2

(7)




(8)P
(9)

(10)P
(11)P

2.4

3-14
2.4.1
(1)P ENV 1991-1 Eurocode 1: "Basis
of Design"





(3)P
(10)



(14)P 2.1



1.0

2.1


tan c cu qu*

A 1.00 0.95 1.50 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2
B 1.35 1.00 1.50 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.25 1.6 1.4 1.4
*

3-15
 2.1 A B C
A
B
C

(17) 1.35
1.0
(18)P 1.0

2.4.3
(1) P
Xd = Xk / m
Xk
m
(2) ~(8)
5%
(9)P 2.1
m = 1.0
(10)P m < 1
(13)P m 1.0

2.4.6
(3)P

(4)~(5)P

3-16


(7)
1/2000 1/300 1/150
5
2

6.1
(1)P

6.2
(1)P

6.5

3-17
6.5.1
(1) P

6.5.2
(1) P
Vd Rd
Vd
Rd 2.4.3 3.3

6.5.3
(2)P
H d S d + E pd
Sd
E pd

(7)P Sd
S d = V d tan d
V d
d
(8) d d
2
d d C
3
(9)P Sd

3-18
 S d = A C u
A'
Cu

S d 0.4V d
Vd

6.5.4
(2)P 1/3
0.6


(3)P 10

6.5.5
(1)P

6.6
(1)P
(2)P
(3)P 2.4.6
(6)

6.6.1
(1)

3-19
 S0
S1
S2


20% 1
2
(8)


10mm

6.6.2
(1) P
(2)

6.7
(1)P

6.8
(1)

3-20
(2)

7.2
(1)P

7.3
7.3.1

3-21
(1)P (2)P

7.3.2
(1)P


(2)P

7.4
7.4.1
(1)P

7.4.2
(1) (5)

3-22
7.5

7.5.2
(trial piles) (working piles)

5

7.5.3

7.6
7.6.1
(1)P

7.6.3
7.6.3.1
(1) P
Fcd R cd

3-23
 Fcd
R cd
(2) P


(8)

7.6.3.2
(6)P R cm R ck

R ck = Rcm /
7.1

7.1 R ck

1 2 >2
(a) 1.5 1.35 1.3
(b) 1.5 1.25 1.1

(8)P R cd
R cd = Rbk / b + R sk / s
R cd = Rck / t
R cd
R ck
R bk
R sk

3-24
 b , s t 7.2

7.2 b s t

b s t
1.3 1.3 1.3
1.6 1.3 1.5
1.45 1.3 1.4

7.6.3.3
(4)P q bk q sik

1.5
(8) 4

7.6.3.4
(1)P

7.6.3.5
(1)P

7.6.4
(1)P 2.4.5

(2)P

3-25
 7.6.3

(3)P

7.7
7.7.2
(1)P
Fzd Rtd
Fzd
Rtd
(2)P


(5)

(6)P

7.7.2.2
(2)P Rtm Rtk

Rtk = Rtm /

3-26
 7.3

7.3 Rtk

1 2 >2
(a) 1.5 1.35 1.3
(b) 1.5 1.25 1.1

(3)
2%

7.8
7.8.2
(1)P
Ftrd Rtrd
Ftrd
Rtrd
(2)P


(3)P

7.8.2.2
(2)

(3)P

3-27
(4)

7.8.2.3
(1)P

3-28
3-3 Eurocode 8
ENV 1998: Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structures
Part 1-1 General Rules

2.1
(1)P

2.2
(1)P 2.1 (1)P


(2)P

2.2.2
(3)P

(4)P


(6)P

3-29
2.2.3
(1)P
(2)P

2.2.4
2.2.4.1
(1)

(2)
(capacity design procedure)
(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

2.2.4.2
(1)
(2)

2.2.4.3

3-30
(1)P
(2)P
(3)

3.
3.2
(1)P

A
800m/s
5m

10m 400m/s
B

10m 200m/s 50m
350m/s
C
20m
200m/s
20m
200m/s

3-31
Part 5

3.
3.1
(1)
C u C tan

(2) m
c u :1.3
c :1.2
tan :1.1
Eurocode 7
2.4.3

5.
5.1
(1)P
(a)
(b)
(c)
5.2 5.4
(2)P

5.2
(1)P

3-32

(2)P
(a)

(b)

(c)

65%

5.3
5.3.1
(1)P (dissipative structure)
(capacity design method) overstrength

(2)P (non-dissipative structure)

5.3.2
(3)P
30%

5.4
5.4.1
(1)P
(6)P

3-33
 V sd F fr ,d + E pd
Vsd
F fr ,d
E pd
(9)
3.1(2)

5.4.1.2
(1)P

5.4.2
(1)P
(a)
(b)
(3)P
(4)

(5)P

C
> 0. 1

(6)P
Eurocode 8, Part 1.3 General ruls Specific rules for
various materials and elements

3-34
(7)P
2d
6 2d
d
Eurocode 8, Part 1-3

6.
(1)P
(a) P-
(b)

(c)
(d) (V s , max < 100m / s )
SSI

SSI , SSI

3-35


GBJ 68-84 4.1

4.1

GBJ 68-84
GBJ 83-85

GBJ 9-87
GBJ 7-89
RC GBJ 10-89
JGJ 94-94

4-1
4-1 (GBJ 68-84)

4-1-1

1.

2.

4-2


4-1-2

1.

4-3
 (1).

(2).

(3).

4.1-1

4.1-1

2.

oS R (4.1-1)

R = R ( f c , f s ,......)

4-4
 o

1.1 1.0 0.9

R (.....)

fc , fs

4-1-3

4-5
4-1-4

1.

4.2-1

4.2-1

( )



( )

2.

(1).

4.2-2

4-6
 4.2-2

( )

( )

4-7
 (2).

( )

(3).

(4).

4-1-5

4-8


1.

4.1.2 4.1-1

(1).

n
s = G C G G k + Q1 C Q1Q1k + Qi C Qi ci Qik (4.2-1)
i=2

G
Q1 Qi i
Gk
Q1k Q1C Q1Q1k
i Qi C Qi Qik
Qik i
C G , C Q1 , C Qi i

ci i

( )

4-9


(2).

2.

S S

Sl

(1).
n
S S = C G G k + C Q1Q1k + C Qi ci Qik (4.2-2)
i=2

CQi c i i

(2).
n
S l = CG Gk + CQi qi Qik (4.2-3)
i =1

4-10
 qi i

3.

(1). G

1.2

1.0

(2). Q
1.4

4kN/m 2 1.3

0.9

4. c i

4.2-3

4.2-3

4-11

0.6
1.0





0.85



1.0

5. q

4.2-4

4-12
 4.2-4

kN/m 2 q

1 1.5 0.4

2 2.0 0.5
3 2.5 0.5
4

(1) 2.5 0.3
(2) 3.5
5 3.0 0.5
6 3.5 0.5
7 3.5 0.5
8 5.0 0.8
9
(1) ( 2m) 4.0
(2) (
6m x 6m) 2.5 0.6
10 2.0 0.6
11
(1) 2.0 0.4
(2) 2.5 0.5
12
(1) 1.5 0.4
(2) 2.0 0.4
(3) 2.5 0.5
(4) 3.5 0.3

13 2.5 0.5

4-13


(1)

(2) 9 2m

4.5kN 1.5m 0.2m0.2m

(3) 12 1.5kN

(4) 13 3.5kN/m 2

(5)

4-14
4-2 (JGJ 94-94)

4-2-1

1.

(1).

oN R (4.3-4)

1.1 1.0 0.9

(2).

20% JGJ4-80

(4.3-4)

o N max 1.2 R (4.3-5)

4-15
2.

(1).

N 1.25R (4.3-6)

(2). (4.3-6)

o N max 1.5R (4.3-7)

4-2-2

1. 3

R = Qsk / s + Q pk / p (4.3-8)

R = Quk / sp (4.3-9)

2. 3

R = s Qsk / s + p Q pk / p + c Qck / c (4.3-10)

4-16
 R = sp Quk / sp + c Qck / c (4.3-11)

Qck = qck Ac / n (4.3-12)

4.3-5 4.3-9

Qsk Q pk

Qck

qck 1/2 ( 5m)

Ac

Quk

s p sp c

4.3-1 s p sp c

c = 0, s , p , sp 4.3-1 Bc / l = 0.2

4-17
 s p sp c

4.3-2

4-18
 4.3-1 s p sp

Sa / d
3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6
Bc / l
0.20 0.80 0.90 0.96 1.00 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00
0.40 0.80 0.90 0.96 1.00 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00
s 0.60 0.79 0.90 0.96 1.00 1.09 1.10 1.05 1.00
0.80 0.73 0.85 0.94 1.00 0.93 0.97 1.03 1.00
1.00 0.67 0.78 0.86 0.93 0.78 0.82 0.89 0.95
0.20 1.64 1.35 1.18 1.06 1.26 1.18 1.11 1.06
0.40 1.68 1.40 1.23 1.11 1.32 1.25 1.20 1.15
p 0.60 1.72 1.44 1.27 1.16 1.37 1.31 1.26 1.22
0.80 1.75 1.48 1.31 1.20 1.41 1.36 1.32 1.28
1.00 1.79 1.52 1.35 1.24 1.44 1.40 1.36 1.33
0.20 0.93 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.21 1.11 1.06 1.01
0.40 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.22 1.12 1.07 1.02
sp 0.60 0.93 0.98 1.01 1.02 1.13 1.13 1.08 1.03
0.80 0.89 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.04
1.00 0.84 0.89 0.94 0.97 0.88 0.91 0.96 1.00

: B c l , S a ,

S a / d > 6 , s = p = sp = 1 ; S a , S a / d
;

, s ;

e > 0.8

4-19
 , 5% , ,

5%

4.3-2

s = p = sp
c

1.60 1.65 1.70
( ) 1.60 1.65 1.65
( ) 1.62 1.67 1.65
(d 0.8m) 1.65 1.70 1.65
1.70 1.75 1.70

s = p = sp = 1.60
s

4-20


5-1

1952 11
1960 11 1974 11 1988

3.1

1.

2.

5-1
3.

4.

1.0

4.1

1.

5-2
2.

3.

4.

4.2

1.

(1)

q a = cN c + 2 D f N q + 1 BN (t / m )
2

(2)
2 1
q a = cN c + 2 D f N q + 1 BN
3 2
(t / m )
2

q a = (t / m 2 )
c = (t / m 2 )
1 = (t / m 3 )
2 = (t / m 3 )
D f = (m)
B = (m)
L = (m)
, = 1
N c , N q , N = 2

5-3


B
1.0 1.3 1. 0 + 0 . 3 1.3
L
B
0.5 0.4 0 . 5 0 .1 0.3
L

Ne N Nq

0 5.3 0 3.0

5 5.3 0 3.4

10 5.3 0 3.9

15 6.5 1.2 4.7

20 7.9 2.0 5.9

25 9.9 3.3 7.5

28 11.4 4.4 9.1

32 20.9 10.6 16.1

36 42.2 30.5 33.6

40 95.7 114.0 60.7

2.

3.

5-4
4.3

1. ( 1)

Z =
P 3Z 3 (t / m )
2

2 R 3
Z = (t / m )
2

P = (t )

Z = (m )

R = (m )

R
z
z

2.
e1 e 2
S= Z
1 + e1

S =

Z =

e1 = 1z

5-5
 e 2 = 2 z

1z =

2 z =

3.

4.4

1.

2.

4.5

5.1

1. 4.2
4.3

2.

3.

5.2

1.

5-6


e =
P
A
fe (t / m )
2

e (t / m )
2

P (t )

A m2 ( )
fe (t / m ) 2

2.
P
e =
A
fe (t / m ) 2

e (t / m )2

P (t )

A m2 ( )
fe (t / m ) 2

5.3

1.

e =
P f (t / m ) 2
e
A
e (t / m )
2

5-7
 A m2 ( )
P (t )

fe t / m 2 ( )
5.4

e =
Pn
An
fe (t / m )
2

e (t / m ) 2

An 1/2
( )
m2

Pn (t )

fe t / m 2 ( )
5.5

6.1

1.

2.

3.

5-8


4.

5.

6.

10

6.2

1.

(1)

(2) 1/2

(3)
1/3

2. 6.6
6.7

3. 2 1
2

4.

5. 6.8

5-9


6.3

1. 6.2

2.

3. 4.3

6.4

6.5

1.

(1) 6.6

1
Ra = Ru + W p
3
R a = (t )

Ru = (t )

Wp =

i) ii)

5-10
 i)

ii)

(2) (1)

Ra =
1
(1.5 A W + ULS ) t/
3n
R a = t/

S = (t / m 2 )

n =

A =

W =

U =

2. 6.6
2/3

2

3.

6.5

1.

2.

6.6

5-11


L
= n
d
(%)
L

d
n n = 60 ~ 800

6.8

5-12
5-2

1995

1996

11

11
11.1

(5.2.6) 11.2
11.3

11.4 11.4

- 11.1.1(a)

5-13


5.3.2 11.4

( - 11.1.1(b))
( 11.1.1) 9.8
-

Pu 1.5k heW ( 11.1.1)

Pu :
k he :5.3.1
W : (5.2.3)

5.2.(2) 40cm
0.025rad
7.2(3)

5-14
 - 11.1.2
( )
( )

5-15
 khp

khG khp

khG :

(a)

cDkhc

cDkhc







cDkhG

1.0 FR FL

(b)

- 11.1.1

5-16


Yes

No

Yes

No

Out No

OK Yes

Out

OK

Yes

No OK

Out

Out

OK

Out

OK

5-17
11.2

5.2

1)
6
- 11.2.1 - 11.2.2

- 11.2.3

V0
M0
H0
kSVD1
kSVB1 kSHD1 kSVB1 kH1

kSVD2 kH2
kSHD2
kSVB2 kSVB2

kSVD3
kSVB3 kSHD3 kSVB3 kH :
kH3 kSVB :
kSHD :
kSVD :
kV :
kS kS :

kV

- 11.2.1

5-18
 pU

pr ( tf/m2 )

pr = kd u
kd :

u (m)

- 11.2.2

U
Mu
Y
My
M ( tf-m )

C
Mc

C :
Y :
U :

c y u
( 1/m )

- 11.2.3

2)
-
11.2.4

- 11.2.5
PHC RC - 11.2.6(a)
- 11.2.6(b)

3)

5-19


V0
M0
H0
KVE

kHE

KVE :

kHE :

- 11.2.4

P (tf)
pH (tf/m2)

PNU pHU

tan-1 KVE

0
(m)
tan-1 kHE

0
HU
(m)

(a) (b)

- 11.2.5

5-20
 U
Mu
Y
My Y'
Mp
M ( tf-m )

M ( tf-m )
C
Mc Y
My

C :
Y : Y :
U : Mp :

c y u y y'
( 1/m ) ( 1/m )

(a) PHCRC (b)

- 11.2.6

11.3

5.2

5-21
1)

(a).
(b). 60%
(c). 60%
(c).
11.4

2)

(a).
(b).
3)

(a). 1/4
(b). 1/4
(c).
60%
4)

11.4

(1) (11.4.1)
(11.4.2)

5-22
 { }
FR = 1 / r ( 1 r ) + 1 r + ( k hcF / k hyF ) 2 ( r 0 )
(11.4.1)
{
FR = 1 / 2 1 + ( k hcF / k hyF ) 2
}(r = 0 )
FR = FR Fy (11.4.2)

FR :
FR : (cm)
Fy : (cm)
r :
k hyF :
k hcF : (11.4.3)

k hcF = c D k hc (11.4.3)
k hc :5.3.2
cD :
(2)
(1)
- 11.4.1
OYU 11.2
k h F Y 11.3
U
(2)
5.3.2 I
II

7.6 I II
DE

5-23

2/3

kh

khcF

khcF :
U khyF :
FL :
K 2 = r K1 FR :
Fy :
Y FR :
khyF FL :
K1 :
K2 :

K1

Fy FR FL F
(1) ( FR ) ( FL ) ( F )

- 11.4.1

(2)




9.2



4

4

5-24


11.5

11.2

11.2

5-25


2.1

2.9
1.

(1)

( )


(2)

6-1




2.

2.10

4.3.1

q u = cN c Fcs Fcd Fci + 2 D f N q Fqs Fqd Fqi + 0.5 1 BN Frs Frd Fri (4.3-1)

6-2
 4.3-1

2
q u = (tf/m )
2
c = (tf/m )
1 = B
3
(tf/m )
2 =
3
(tf/m )
Df =
(m)
B = (m)
L = (m)
= ()
N c , N q , N =
Fcs Fqs Frs =
Fcd Fqd Frd =
Fci Fqi F ri =

6-3
4.3.5
4.3.1

4.4

4.4.2

4.4.8

4.6

4.6.1
(4.6-1)
(4.6-2)
1.5

6-4
 1.2

4.6.2

R f = N tan + Ac a (4.6-1)
R f = (tf)
N = (tf)
= ()
(1) 2/3
(2) 30 45
= ()
A = (m )
2

2
c a = (tf/m )

4.6.3
4.6-1 :

R P = L( P h ) L( A h ) (4.6-2)

R P = (tf)
= 1.0 + 0.4(D f / L ) 2.0

L = (m)
2
P = = he K P + 2c K P (tf/m )
2
A = = he K A 2c K A (tf/m )
K P = 4.6-1

6-5
 K A = 4.6-1
3
= (tf/m )
D f = (m)
h = (m)
he = (m)

4.6-1

5.3

5.3.1
1.



Q u = Q s + Q b = f s As + q b Ab (5.3-1)
Q Q Q
Qa = u = s + b (5.3-2)
FS FS 1 FS 2
Qu (tf)
Q a (tf)
Q s = (tf)

6-6
 Q b = (tf)
FS , FS 1 , FS 2 ,
5.3-1


f s (tf/m 2 )
As (m 2 )
qb (tf/m 2 )
Ab (m 2 )

5.3-1

FS FS 1 FS 2
2 3 3
1.5 2 2
5.3.2
1.
1
Ra = W p + f s As (5.3-5)
FS

(Qut W p )
Ra = W p + (5.3-6)
FS
R a (tf)
Q ut (tf)
W p (tf)
f s 5.3.1 (tf/m 2 )
As (m 2 )
FS 5.3-3

5.3-3

6-7



1.5 3
3 6

2.

5.3.3
1.



2.

5.3.4
1.

2. Pfn
3.

4.

5.

6-8
 (P + P ) / A
fn p sa (5.3-7)
( P + P ) (Q + R ) / 1.2
fn p f (5.3-8)

P = (tf)
Pfn = (tf)
Q p = (tf)
R f = (tf)
Ap = (m 2 )
sa = (tf/m 2 )
6.

7.

5.4.2

1.
(1)
5.4.1
(2) 5.4.1

(3)

c

d

2.

6-9

(1)
(2)

R at = W + LU G / FS (5.4-1)

R at (tf)
W (tf)
U G (m )
L (m )
(tf/m 2 )
FS = 3.0 6.0
3.
5.4.1

4.

:

U G Li i + AG s L fn
(1) P fn = (5.4-2)
np
5.4-1
P fn = (tf)
U G = (m )
Li = (m )
i = (tf/m 2 )
AG = (m 2 )
L fn = (m )
S = L fn (tf/m 3 )

6-10
 nP =
A
(2) p fni = i Pfno (5.4-3)
A0
Pfni = (tf)
Pfno = (tf)
Ai = 5.4-2 (m 2 )
D 2
A0 = re
2
(m 2 )
4
1/ 2
Df D 2
re = + (m)
S 4
D = (m)
f = ( tf/m 2 )

5.4-2
5.4-1

6-11
5.6

5.6.3

1. 210 kgf/cm 2
300 kgf/m 3
375 kgf/m 3
2.

35kgf/cm 2
3.
60 kgf/cm 2

70 kgf/cm 2
4. 6 19m m

7.5cm 13m m
5.

6-12


UBC

LRFD AASHTO

AASHTO

7-1


7-2
7-1

(i) (N) (D) (L)

(ii) (EQ) (D) (L) (EQ)

(L = 0.2 D )
(e = 0 . 05B )
D+L
Q ref

Q ref = D + L = 1. 2D

C u

1.

q u

7-3
 3 2

(i).
G( N ) = D + L
= 1. 2 D
= Q ref

FS ( req ) = 3
FS = 3

FS Q ref

(ii).
G ( EQ ) = D + L + EQ
6e
= ( D + 0.2 D )(1 + )
B
= (1.2 D )(1.3)
= 1.3Q ref
FS ( req ) = 2
FS ( relative ) = ( 2)(1 . 3) / FS = 0 . 87

FS(relative)

e = 0 . 083B

e > 0.083B

e = 0.167 B

7-4
 FS(relative)=1.33.

2. ASSHTO

(1).

ASSHTO

(i).

G ( N ) = D + L = 1. 2D = Q ref

FS ( req ) = 3
FS ( relative ) = 3 / FS = 1

FS(relative) 1

(ii).

G (EQ ) = D + EQ

6e
= D(1 + )
B
= 1 . 3D
= 1 . 08Q ref

AASHTO

133

7-5
 FS ( relative ) = 1 . 08 / 1 . 33 = 0 . 81

EQ 9.9

e = 0.167 B

FS(relative)=1.25.

(2).

AASHTO

SPT = 0 . 45
= 0 . 60

(i)

G (N ) = ( D D + L L )
= 1 . 3(1 . 0D + 1 . 67 0 . 2D )
= 1 . 73D
= 1 . 45Q ref
( )
FS ( relative ) = 1 . 45 / 0 . 45 FS = 1 . 07

FS ( relative ) = 1. 45 / (0 . 60 FS ) = 0 . 81

(ii).

G (EQ ) = ( D D + EQ )
6e
= 1 . 3( D ) 1 +
B

7-6
 = 1 . 69D
= 1 . 41Q ref
( )
FS ( relative ) = 1 . 41 / 0 . 45 FS = 1 . 04

FS ( relative ) = 1. 41 / (0 . 60 FS ) = 0 . 78

e = 0.167 B

(
FS (relative ) = 2.17 / 0.45FS = 1.60 )
FS (relative ) = 2.17 / (0.60 FS ) = 1.20

3.

(i).

G ( N ) = Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1 01Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
j 1 i f1

= 1 . 0D + (1 . 3)(0 . 7)(0 . 2D )
= 1 .182D
= 0 . 99Q ref

m (ENV1991-1:9.4.3(3))

c 1.6 tan 1.25

c u 1.4

FS(relative)

FS(relative)

FS ( relative ) = 0 . 99 1 . 4 / FS = 0 . 46

7-7
(ii).

G ( EQ ) = G kj + Pk + i AEd + 2i Q ki
j 1 i 1

= [1.0 D + (0.6)(0.2 D )](1 +

6e
)
B
= 1 . 46D
= 1 . 21Q ref

FS (relative ) = 1.21 1.4 / FS = 0.57

e = 0.167 B

G (EQ ) = 1.86Q ref

FS (relative ) = 1.86 1.4 / FS = 0.88

7-8
7-2

SPT-N

7-9
 Q u

1.

D L D+L )
L = 0 . 2D
Q ref

Q ref = D + L = 1. 2D

Q a = Q u / FS

Q u FS 2

2. AASHTO

(1).

AASHTO

(I)

G ( I ) = [D + L]
= 1 .2 D
= Qref

7-10


(2).

AASHTO (I)

G ( I ) = ( D D + L L )
= 1.3(1.0 D + 1.67 L )
= 1.734 D
= 1.45Qref

= 0.80

FS = 1.45 / 0.8 = 1.81

3.

G ( N ) = Gj G kj + P Pk + Q1 01Q k 1 + Qi 0i Q ki
j 1 i f1

= 1 . 0D + (1 . 3)(0 . 7)(0 . 2D )
= 1 .182D
= 0 . 99Q ref

ENV 1997-1:7.6.3.2 6(P) Rcm

R ck

R ck = Rcm /

=1.35 2

7-11
 R cd

R cd = Rck / t

R cd
R ck
t

t =1.5
FS = 0.99 1.35 1.5 = 2.0

7-12
7-3

1.

7.1

7.1

AASHTO

2 50%

AASHTO 33%

7.1 AASHTO

7.1

AASHTO

7-13


7.1

1/2 2/3

AASHTO

AASHTO

AASHTO

7-14


7.1 FS (relative )

AASHTO

1.07
(i) 1 1 0.46
0.81

(ii)
1.04~1.60
0.87~1.33 0.81~1.25 0.57~0.88
0.78~1.20
e = (.05 ~ .17) B

2.

7.2

7-15
 7.2

2 AASHTO

AASHTO

0.80

1.81

0.5 2

7.2

7-16
 AASHTO

Q ref Q ref 1.45Q ref 0.99Q ref

- - 0.80 0.50

2 2 1.81 2.00

Q ref D+L=1.2D

7-17


8-1

UBC AASHTO

1. UBC

(1) UBC LRFD ASD

ASD

(2)

(3)

(4)

2. AASHTO

(1) AASHTO

8-1


(2)

(a)

(b)

(3)

(4)

3.

(1)

(2)

(3) (Partial Factor

Method)

(4)

AASHTO

(5)

8-2


(6)

(7)
~

4.

(1) Eurocode

(2) Eurocode
" " Eurocode

(3)

5.

(1).

(2).

6.

(1)

(2)

8-3


8-2

(1)
(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(go wrong)

8-4


8-3
AASHTO
(
)

8-5


(1).

(2).

(3).

(4).

8-6


1. 397pp
87

2.
( ) 86 6

3. 1988

4. (I
) 1996 12

5. (GBJ 68-84)

6. (JGJ 94-94)

7. AASHTO, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th

Edition, 1996.

8. International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform

Building Code, 1997 Edition, 1997.

9. Eurocode 1, ENV 1991-1: Basis of Design and Actions on

Structure, European Committee for Standardization(CEN),
Brussels, 1994.

10. Eurocode 7, ENV 1997-1: Geotechnical Design, European

Committee for Standardization(CEN), Brussels, 1994.

11. Eurocode 8, ENV 1998: Design Provisions for Earthquake

Resistance of Structures, European Committee for
Standardization(CEN), Brussels, 1994.

8-1


( )
1.

( )
1.

10-1


2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

10-2


( )

1.

(1)


(2)

2.

(1)

(2)

3.

(1)

(2)

4.

(1)

5.

10-3
 (1)

6.

(1)

(2)

7.

(1)

8. ( )

(1)


(2)

( )

1.

10-4
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
5 10

10-5


( )

1.

(1)

(2)





(3)

2.

(1)

(2)

(3)

3.

(1) LRFD ASD

(2)

10-6
 (3)

4.

(1)

(2)

(3)

( )
1.

(1)

(2)

(3)

10-7


2.

(1)

(2)

(3)

3.

(1)

(2)

(3)

4.
(1)

(2)

(3)

10-8