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A ruler, probably Alexander, portrayed as Zeus with his

eagle, and holding a thunderbolt and aegis. Signed by Born in Paris in 1605, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
the artist Neisos, probably still 1st century BC. St was one of the most famous travelers of the 17th
Petersburg. Plantzos, pl. 29, no. 164. Carnelian. 20mm. century who pioneered trade with India in various
: http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk commodities. But it is his involvement with the
trade of gemstones and his connection with the
famous Hope Diamond for which he is most
famous. : http://www.gemselect.com/other-
info/tavernier.php

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America),

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7
8
 Birthstones- Gem names
Garnet
Amethyst
Turquoise

Topaz Aquamarine

Opal Diamond

Sapphire Emerald
Peridot
Pearl
Ruby
Birthstones, 2000 Gemological Institute of America, (GIA)

Birthstones- The real names!

Garnet
Hydrous Quartz
copper phosphate

Al-F silicate Beryl

Amorphous
quartz Diamond
Corrundum Beryl
Olivine
Pearl
Corrundum
Birthstones, 2000 Gemological Institute of America, (GIA)

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21
 4C
4Cs!
Color ()
Cut ()
Clarityy (()
)
Carat ()
Rough diamonds. Photo by Robert Kane. Gemological Institute of
America (GIA).

One diamond solitaire ring in platinum, 1.68 ct, J, I1.

Courtesy of Rogel & Co., Inc. Photo by Robert Weldon.
2002 Gemological Institute of America (GIA).

(1 carat = 0,200 g).

,
.

.
. 2005
15.000 / ( ,
) 3.000 / (
)

22
 Carat weight
1 carat (ct.) = 200 milligrams

2 ct 2 1 ct.
Note: carat weight NOT THE SAME as gold karats. Gold is made of 24 parts.
Karats indicates how many of those 24 parts are gold.
14 karat gold = 14 parts gold + 10 parts alloying metal (copper, nickel, silver)
18 karat gold = 18 parts gold + 6 parts alloying metal.

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23

Upper girdle facet

Bezel facet Table

Star facet

One round brilliant cut diamond, 2.78 ct, D, IF. Courtesy

of Rogel & Co., Inc. Photo by Robert Weldon.
2002 Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
Girdle Crown

Lower
girdle facet
Main pavillion
Courtesy of Jillian Banfield, UC Berkely,
Socrates.berkley.edu.eps2.wisc

24
 Cutting Diamonds

: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/diamond3.htm

25
 Cutting Diamonds

Marshak, S. Earth, Portrait of a Planet, W.W. Norton, Fig. 5.26

: http://www.heartsonfire.com/about/hearts-on-fire-difference/our-craft.aspx

26
 ;

(crown),
.

: http://www.heartsonfire.com/guidance/understanding-quality/cut-quality.aspx

27
 Imperfections in the cut

Other common cuts

Diamond Five diamond cuts: Round, 2.78 ct, D, IF;

Radiant, 5.20 ct G, VS2; Oval, 4.45 ct, H, VS2;
Emerald, 6.08 ct, H, VS1; Pear, 5.25 ct, G, SI1.
Courtesy of Rogel & Co., Inc. Photo by Robert Weldon.
2002 Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
Gemological Institute of America (GIA)

28
 - ?
D
E Colorless
F
G
H Near
I colorless
J
K
Faint
L
M yellow
Colored diamonds, rough to cut. Top row (L-R): 1.19 ct, N
1.73 ct, 2.57 ct, 3.41 ct. Bottom row (L-R): 0.62 ct, 0.89 ct,
0.72 ct, 0.54 ct. 2002 Gemological Institute of America (GIA). O Very Light
P
Q
yellow
One round brilliant cut diamond, 2.78 ct, D, IF. Courtesy
of Rogel & Co., Inc. Photo by Robert Weldon. R
2002 Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
(GIA)
S
T Light
U yellow
V
W
X
Y Fancy
Z yellow

5 C !!!
CERTIFICATE (
)
)

.


(, ).

29
30
31


32
15. K . 16. .
17. . 18.

33
 Al2O3

Ruby from Burma, 4.49 ct.

Courtesy of Precious Gem Resources, Inc. The 0.27 ct faceted sapphire stone was cut from a piece of rough from
Photo by Robert Weldon. 2002 Gemological deposit in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Photo by Maha Tannous.
Institute of America (GIA). 1998 Gemological Institute of America (GIA).

34


35
36
 (1,
(1 2,
2 8).
8)
(3, 4, 12).
(5, 10).
(7, 9).
(6,
11).
11)

37
38
39
40

((1,, 2,, 11).
)
(3, 4, 12).
(5).
(6, 7, 10).
(8, 9).

41
Carnelian - (1, 2).
Sard - (.
Carnelian, 3).
(4).
(5, 6, 8, 9)
(7)

(1, 4)
(2, 5)
(3)
Prase (6)

42
 (1, 2)
(3)
(4)
Chrysoprase (5)

43


44
45
46
47
48
49
 , 189 (Crystal Park,
Colorado).

50
 What is Jade?
Both pyroxene
AND amphibole
are Jade.
Jadeite = NaAlSi2O6
Nephrite = Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2

Other Jades
African jade: Green garnet
Jadeite beads. Photo by Amazon jade: Green K-feldspar
Shane F. McClure,
1994, Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Indian jade: Green quartz

51
52


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53
54

!!!
http://www.gia.edu/howtobuyagemstone
http://www.gia.edu/howtobuyagemstone/00_enter.html
/00_enter.html

http://bit.ly/R4p3AU

55
 BIB

1. Duda
Duda,, R. & Reji,
Reji, L., 2004.
.
,,
,, 191 .
2.
,, . &
,, . 1995.
.
.
, , 311 .
3. orbel
orbel,, P. & Novak
Novak,, M. 2001. The Complete Encyclopedia of
Minerals.. Grange Books, Kent ME3 9ND UK, 296 p.
Minerals
4. ,

, . 2005.
.
.

,,
/,
/, 391 .
5. http://geology.com

56