1 Page 1 of 109 (a) (i) Define simple harmonic motion, (ii) On the axes of Fig. 4.1, sketch the variation with displacement x of the acceleration, a of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion (4) Fig. 44 (b) A strip of metal is clamped to the edge of'a bench and a mass is hung from its free end as shown in Fig. 4.2. _- siamp metal strip a mass Fig. 4.2, For xanPage 2 of 109 The end of the strip is pulled downwards and then released. Fig. 4.3 shows the variation with time fof the displacement y of the end of the strip. 4 © 0.05 0.15 ths Fig. 4.3 0.05 0.20 tls Fi 4 ‘On Fig. 4.4, show the corresponding variation with time ¢ of the potential energy E, of the vibrating system (3) (c) The string suipporting the mass breaks when the end of the strip is at its lowest point in an oscillation. Suggest what change, if any, will occur in the period and amplitude of the subsequent motion of the end of the strip. period: a sees enemenersve[2] Examiner2 Page 3 of 109 6 (a) The defining equation of simple harmonic motion is - ox, (i) Identify the symbols in the equation. (i) State the significance of the negative (-) sign in the equation. (31 (b) A frictionless trolley of mass m is held on a horizontal’'surface by means of two similar springs, each of spring constant k. The springs are attached to fixed points as illustrated inFig. 2.1 spring trolley ned oo tines “point ANNA “Lo oF Fig.2.1 When the trolley is in equilibrium, the extension of each spring Is @. The trolley is then digplaced a small distance x1o the right along the ax’s of the springs. Both springs remain extended. (i) Show that the magnitude F of the restoring force acting on the trolley is given by F=2kx. eB) or aciaw's sePage 4 of 109 7 (ii) The trolley is then released. Show that the acceleration a of the trolley is given by 2x m 2) (ii) The mass m of the trolley is 900g and the spfing)constant k Is 120Nm-). By comparing your answer to (a)(i} and the equation in (b\(il), determine the frequency of oscillation of the trolley. frequency =. Hz [3] (©) Suggest why. the tolley in (b) provides a simple model for the motion of an atom in a crystal. [2] For evenness (Turn over3 Avertical spring supports a mass, as shown in Fig. 4.1. Fig. 4.1 The mass is displaced vertically then released. The variation wit y from its mean position is shown in Fig. 4.2. 42 ylom BUSLES 2004 s7o2r04nwiion Page § of 109 leramners tof the displacement <Page 6 of 109 lexanners tbe A student claims that the motion of the mass may be represented by the equation ¥ = ypsinant (a) Give two reasons why the use of this equation is inappropriate. 1 - [2] (b) Determine the angular frequency « of the oscillations. angular frequency = rads" [2] (c) The mass is a lump of plasticine. The:plasticine is now flattened so that its surface area is increased. The mass of the lump femains constant and the large surface area is horizontal The plasticine is displaced downwards by 1.5m and then released. On Fig. 4.2, sketch a graph to Show the subsequent oscillations of the plasticine. [3] @UCLES 2008 9702/0408Page 7 of 109 4 tube, closed at one end, has a constant area of cross-section A, Some lead shot is placed in the tube so that the tube floats vertically in a liquid of density p, as shown in Fig. 4.1 tube, area of cross-section A liquid, density p oe “Slead shot Fig. 4.1 The total mass of the tube and its contents is M. When the tube is given a small vertical displacement and then released, the vertical acceleration a of the tube is related to its vertical displacement y by the expression Apa, uM a where gis the acceleration of free fall: {a) Define simple harmonic motion. (2) {b) Show that the {ube is performing simple harmonic motion with a frequency f given by (3) @UCLES 2005 s7o2104MIOS For leceniners UsePage 8 of 109 (c) Fig. 4.2 shows the variation with time f of the vertical displacement y of the tube in another liquid. ylom Fig. 4.2 The tube has an external diameter of 2.4m and is floating in a liquid of density 950 kgm-*, Assuming the equation in (b), calculate the mass of the tube and its contents. mass = i) State what feature of Fig. 4.2 indicates that the oscillations are damped {1 @UCLES 2005 9702/04/05 UsePage 9 of 109, 5 piston moves vertically up and down in a cylinder, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1. - oylinder Fig. 44 The piston is connected to a wheel by means of a rod that is pivoted at the piston and at the wheel. As the piston moves up and down, the wheel is made to rotate. {a) (i) State the number of oscillations made by the piston during one complete rotation of the wheel. number = 1] i) The wheel makes 2400 revolutions per minute. Determine the frequency of oscillation of the piston. frequency = Hz [1] @UCLES 2006 s7o04nisios For lcxanirers UsePage 10 of 109 (b) The amplitude of the oscillations of the piston is 42mm. Assuming that these oscillations are simple harmonic, calculate the maximum values for the piston of (i) the linear speed, speed =... ms” [2] the acceleration. acceleration = s? 2] (c) On Fig. 4.1, marka position of the pivot P for the piston to have (i) maximumyspeed (mark this position S), tt) i) maximum acceleration (mark this position A) tt] © UCLES 2006 9702/0406 exanins Use6 Page 11 of 109 ‘An aluminium sheet is suspended from an oscillator by means of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1 spring aluminium sheet electfomagnet Fig.3.1 ‘An electromagnet is placed a short distance from the eentre of the aluminium sheet The electromagnet is switched off and theyfrequency f of oscillation of the oscillator is gradually increased from a low value. The watiation with frequency f of the amplitude a of vibration of the sheet is shown in Fig. 3.2 Fer Exar eeFor Page 12 0f 109 |evimners A peak on the graph appears at frequency f,. ve (a) Explain why there is a peak at frequency fy. (2) (b) The electromagnet is now switched on and the frequency of the oscillator(iS again gradually increased from a low value. On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show the vafiation with frequency fof the amplitude a of vibration of the sheet. (3) (c)_ The frequency of the oscillator is now maintained at a constant values The amplitude of vibration is found to decrease when the current in the electromagnétis.sWitched on. Use the laws of electromagnetic induction to explain this obsefVation (4)7 Page 13 of 109 A tube, closed at one end, has a uniform area of cross-section. The tube contains some sand so that the tube floats upright in a liquid, as shown in Fig. 3.1 tube—_ M/S TS / 7 Naa 7+ 4 POL Y Oe sand - vY ai. a, / OLLODLY, Fig. 3.1 When the tube is at rest, the depth d of immersion of the base of the tube is 16cm, The tube is displaced vertically and then released, The variation with time tof the depth dof the base of the tube iS Shown in Fig. 3.2. 17 di/cm i L ae et f . EA ti 15 0 20 30 tis Fig. 3.2 (a) _Usa\Fig. 3.2 to determine, for the oscillations of the tube, the amplitude, amplitude = ....ee (ii) the period. ®UCLES 2008 s7o2/04nw08 evaniners UsePage 14 of 109 (b) (i) Calculate the vertical speed of the tube at a point where the depth dis 16.2cm. fer varie Use speed em s-* [3] (il) State one other depth dwhere the speed will be equal to that calculated in (i). a om [1] (©) Explain what is meant by damping. (2) (ii) The liquid in (b) is now cooled so that, although the density is unchanged, there is friction between the liquid andthe tube as it oscillates. Having been displaced, the tube completes approximately 10 oscillations before coming to rest. On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show the variation with time tof depth dfor the first 2.55 of the motion. [3] ®UCLES 2008 s7o2/04nw08Page 15 of 109 8 — Avertical peg is attached to the edge of a horizontal disc of radius r, as shown in Fig. 4.1 _-Peg disc, | Fig. 4.1 The disc rotates at constant angular speed «. A horizontal beam of parallel light produces a shadow of the peg on a screen, as shown in Fig. 4.2. screen peg - I parallel beam of light TT Fig. 4.2 (plan view) At time zero, the peg is at P, producing a shadow on the screen at S. At time ¢, the disc has rotated'through angle 6. The peg is now at R, producing a shadow atQ. (a) Determine, (i) in terms,of wand ¢ the angle 6, (ii) dnterms of w, tand r, the distance SQ. (1) @UCLES 2008 7027041109 vam Use@UCLES 2008 Page 16 of 109 (b) Use your answer to (a)(ii) to show that the shadow on the screen performs harmonic motion, simple ) ja examiners se osneee [2 (c) The disc has radius rof 12cm and is rotating with angular speed w of 4.7rads~* Determine, for the shadow on the screen, (i) the frequency of oscillation, frequency = Hz [2] (ii) its maximum speed. speed = ems" [2] 7027041109Page 17 of 109 A student sets out to investigate the oscillation of a mass suspended from the free end of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1 spring oscillation mass of mass The mass is pulled downwards and then released: The variation with time t of the displacement y of the mass is shown in Fig. 3.2. ylem ts (a) Use information from Fig. 3.2 (i) to explain why the graph suggests that the oscillations are undamped, For Evaro OsePage 18 of 109 ii) to calculate the angular frequency of the oscillations, angular frequency = rads“ (lil) to determine the maximum speed of the oscillating mass. Speed = ms (6) (b) (i) Determine the resonant frequeney f, of the mass-spring system Hz (ii) The student finds that if short impulsive forces of frequency #f, are impressed on the masé-spring system, a large amplitude of oscillation is obtained. Explain this observation. 3] ExaminerPage 19 of 109 10. The vibrations of a mass of 150g are simple harmonic, Fig.3.1 shows the variation with displacement x of the kinetic energy E, of the mass. Fig. 3.1 4 {a) On Fig. 3.1, draw lines to represent the with displacement x of (i) the potential energy of the vit lass (label this line P), (li) the total energy of the vagina this line 7). (2) {b) Calculate the angular fre of the vibrations of the mass. angular frequency = rads" [3] BUSLES 2004 s702/04/0/NV08Page 20 of 109 |exanners tbe (c)_ The oscillations are now subject to damping. (Explain what is meant by damping. [2] (li) The mass loses 20% of its vibrational energy. Use Fig.3.1 to determineithe new amplitude of oscillation. Explain your working. amplitude = om [2] @UCLES 2008 s702/04/0N04" Page 21 of 109 The centre of the cone of a loudspeaker is oscillating with simple harmonic motion of frequency 1400 Hz and amplitude 0.080 mm. {a) Calculate, to two significant figures, ())_ the angular frequency a of the oscillations, w= rads“ [2] i) the maximum acceleration, in ms~, of the centre of the cone. Acceleration = ms? [2] (b) On the axes of Fig. 4.1, sketchia graph to show the variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the centre‘ef the cone, (2) Fig. 4.1 @UCLES 2005 9702/04/0/N05 For examinersPage 22 of 109 examines (6) (i). State the value of the displacement x at which the speed of the centre of the cone | “* is a maximum xs mm [1] i) Calculate, in ms“, this maximum speed. speed = ms [2] © UCLES 2005 9702/04/0N05Page 23 of 109 12 Two vertical springs, each having spring constant k, support a mass. The lower spring is attached to an oscillator as shown in Fig. 3.1 oscillator: Fig. 3.1 The oscillator is switched off. The mass is displaced vertically. and then released so that it vibrates. During these vibrations, the springs are always extended. The vertical acceleration af the mass mis given by the expression ma = -2kx, where xis the vertical displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position. {a) Show that, for a mass of 240g and springs with spring constant 3.0Ncm™, the frequency of vibration of the mass is approximately 8 Hz. (4) @UCLES 2006 9702/04/0/N08 For lcxanirers UsePage 24 of 109 (b) The oscillator is switched on and the frequency fof vibration is gradually increased. The amplitude of vibration of the oscillator is constant. Fig. 3.2 shows the variation with fof the amplitude A of vibration of the mass. State (i) the name of the phenomenon illustrated if Fig. 3.2, {1 (ll) the frequency f, at which maxinitim amplitude occurs. frequency = Hz [1] (c)_ Suggest and explain how the apparatus in Fig. 3.1 could be modified to make the peak on Fig. 3.2 flatter, without significantly changing the frequency f, at which the peak occurs, (3] © UCLES 2006 9702/04/0N08 exanins UsePage 25 of 109 |evanrers 13. A spring is hung from a fixed point. A mass of 190g is hung from the free end of the spring, as shown in Fig. 3.1 spring ¢ s |_—mass 1909 ss ars ig. 3.1 © The mass is pulled downwards from its equilibrium position twouohasta distance dand is released. The mass undergoes simple harmonic motion. S Fig. 3.2 shows the variation with displacement x from the equilibrium position of the kinetic energy of the mass. Ko 3.0. netic ener 1.0 S Fig. 3.2 @UCLES 2007 97021040107Fer Page 26 of 109 |evaniners {a) Use Fig. 3.2 to {i) determine the distance d through which the mass was displaced initially, a om [1] (ii) show that the frequency of oscillation of the mass is approximately 4.0 Hz (6) (b) (i) On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to represent the total enétgy of the oscillating mass. [1] (ii) After many oscillations, damping reduces thé total energy of the mass to 1.0mJ For the oscillations with reduced energy, 1. state the frequency, frequency = Hz 2. using the graph, or othetwise, state the amplitude. amplitude = em [2] @UCLES 2007 97021040107Page 27 of 109 14 The needle of a sewing machine is made to oscillate vertically through a total distance of 22mm, as shown in Fig. 3.1 22mm needle at its maximum height somm cloth Fig. 3.1 The oscillations are simple harmonic with a frequency of 4.5Hz. The cloth that is being sewn is positioned 8.0mm below the point of the needle when the needle is at its maximum height. (a) State what is meant by simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) The displacement y of the point of the needle may be represented by the equation y=acosat (i) Suggest the position of the point of the needle at time t= 0. ) Determine the values of mm [1] o= rads [2] © UCLES 2008 s702/04/OmNIO8 examiners UsePage 28 of 109 (c) Calculate, for the point of the needle, vor exanners (i) its maximum speed, tse speed = ms" [2] (ii) its speed as it moves downwards through the cloth. speed = ms" [3] UOLES 2008 9702/04/01N08Page 29 of 109 15 The variation with time t of the displacement x of the cone of a loudspeaker is shown in Fig. 4.1 03 x/mm 0.2 0.4 -041 aa -0.3) Fig. 4.1 (a) Use Fig. 4.1 to determine, for these oscillations, (i) the amplitude, amplitude = mm [1] ii) the frequency. frequency = Hz [2] (b) State two times at which the sped ofthe cone is maximum, time ms and time ms [1] (il) (the acceleration of the cone is maximum, HIME sosnsesnens os innen MS and tiMe son nessun ms [1] ®UCLES 2008 9702/41/01N109 examiners sePage 20 of 109 (c)_ The effective mass of the cone is 2.59. Use your answers in (a) to determine the maximum kinetic energy of the cone. kinetic energy = JBI (a) The loudspeaker must be designed so that resonance of the coné is avoided. (i) State what is meant by resonance. (2) (ii) State and briefly explain one other situation in which resonance should be avoided ®UCLES 2008 9702/41/01N109 examiners sePage 31 of 109 16 The variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the centre of the cone of a loudspeaker is shown in Fig. 3.1 750. For examiners Use 750: Fig. 3.1 (a) State the two features,of Fig. 3.1 that show that the motion of the cone is simple harmonic. Ve sessnenne nen AR rsssesen stn stsnenssnen De soseeening h GQ evsetnsisinnnssmmnns sinuses (2) (b) Use data from Fig. 3.1 to determine the frequency, in hertz, of vibration of the cone. frequency = Hz [3] ®UCLES 2008 9702142101109Page 32 of 109 (c)_ The frequency of vibration of the cone is now reduced to one half of that calculated ) 5, in (b). examiners Use The amplitude of vibration remains unchanged On the axes of Fig. 3.1, draw a line to represent the variation with displacement x of the. acceleration a of the centre of the loudspeaker cone. (2) ®UCLES 2008 9702142101109Page 33 of 109 17 Along strip of springy steel is clamped at one end so that the strip is vertical. A mass of 65g is attached to the free end of the strip, as shown in Fig. 2.1 oN mass springy 659 steel clamp Fig. 2.1 The mass is pulled to one side and then released. The variation with time t of the horizontal displacement of the mass is shown in Fig. 2.2 2 displacement Jem Fig. 2.2 The.mass undergoes damped simple harmonic motion. (@). (i) Explain what is meant by damping. (2) @UCLES 2010 s7o2v4snasnio examiners UsePage 34 of 109 (ii) Suggest, with a reason, whether the damping is light, critical or heavy. on exaiers be 21, (b) (i) Use Fig. 2.2 to determine the frequency of vibration of the mass. frequency =... Hz [1] )_Hence show that the initial energy stored in the steel strip before the mass is released is approximately 3.2mJ. (2) (c) After eight complete oscillations of the mass, the amplitude of vibration is reduced from 1,5cm to 1.1 cm, Statevand explain whether, after a further eight complete oscillations, the amplitude will be 0.7.cm. (2) @UCLES 2010 9702/43/MI4/10 [Turn over18 Page 35 of 109 (a) State what is meant by For exaiers (i) oscillations, ee a} ) free oscillations, (ili) simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) Two inclined planes RA and LA each have the same constant gradient, They meet at their lower edges, as shown in Fig. 3.1 ball K Fig. 3.1 A small ball moves ffm rest down plane RA and then rises up plane LA. It then moves down plane LA and tises up plane RA to its original height. The motion repeats itself. State and explain Whether the motion of the ball is simple harmonic. 2) @UCLES 2010 8702/41/Mid!10 [Turn overPage 36 of 109 3° Astudent sets up the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 in order to investigate the oscillations of a metal cube suspended on a spring. pulley — . ~~ variable-frequency \ oscillator \ thread spring ———_ metal Fig. 3.1 The amplitude of the vibrations produced by the oscillator is constant The variation with frequency of the amplitude of the oscillations of the metal cube is shown in Fig. 32, 20. 15: amplitude Jmm 10: 2 4 6 8 10 frequency/Hz Fig. 3.2 (a), (i) State the phenomenon illustrated in Fig. 3.2. (1) (ii) For the maximum amplitude of vibration, state the magnitudes of the amplitude and the frequency. amplitude frequency @UCLES 2010 9702/41/01NN10 examiners UsePage 37 of 109 (b) The oscillations of the metal cube of mass 150g may be assumed to be simple ) ;, harmonic. examiners Use your answers in (a)(ii) to determine, for the metal cube, Use (i) its maximum acceleration, acceleration = .... ms? [3] (ii) the maximum resultant force on the cube. force = N [2] (c)_ Some very light feathers are attached to the top surface of the cube so that the feathers extend outwards, beyond the vertical sides of the cube. The investigation is now repeated. On Fig. 3.2, draw a line to show the new variation with frequency of the amplitude of vibration for frequencies between 2Hz and 10Hz. 2 @UCLES 2010 9702/41/0/N/10 [Turn overPage 38 of 109 3 Acylinder and piston, used in a car engine, are illustrated in Fig. 3.1. for examiners Use cylinder c D Al B ~ piston Fig. 3.1 The vertical motion of the piston in the cylinder is assumed to be simple harmonic. The top surface of the piston is at AB when itis at its'lowest position; it is at CD when at its highest position, as marked in Fig. 3.1 (a) The displacement d of the piston may be represented by the equation = £4.0.cos(220t) where dis measured in centimetres. (i) State the distance between'the lowest posit the top surface of thespiston. AB and the highest position CD of distance = om [1] @UCLES 2010 970214310110Page 39 of 109 (ii) Determine the number of oscillations made per second by the piston. for exanners Ue number = 2] (ili) On Fig. 3.1, draw a line to represent the top surface of the piston in the position where the speed of the piston is maximum. tt] (iv) Calculate the maximum speed of the piston. we om st [2] @UCLES 2010 9702/43/0/N/10 [Turn overPage 40 of 109 (b) The engine of a car has several cylinders, Three of these cylinders are shown in Fig. 3.2. x Y Fig. 3.2 X is the same cylinder and piston as in Fig, Y and Z are two further cylinders, with sst and the highest positions of the top ‘surface of each piston indicated. ~ The pistons in the cylinders each he ame frequency of oscillation, but they are not in phase. At a particular instant in time, a of the top of the piston in cylinder X is as shown. (i) Incylinder y, the oscillations of the piston lead those of the piston in cylinder X by a phase angle of 120° sd), Complete the dia cylinder Y, for this instant, by drawing 1. alline to he top surface of the piston, i] 2. an andite show the direction of movement of the piston. t] Ss we @UCLES 2010 ‘9702!4g/OINII0Page 41 of 109 (ii) In cylinder Z, the oscillations of the piston lead those of the piston in cylinder X by a) jy phase angle of 240° (3x rad). examiners Ue Complete the diagram of cylinder Z, for this instant, by drawing 1. _alline to show the top surface of the piston, t] 2. an arrow to show the direction of movement of the piston fi] (iii) For the piston in cylinder Y, calculate its speed for this instant. speed = coms” [2] @UCLES 2010 8702/43/0/N/10 [Turn overPage 42 of 109 5 A bar magnet is suspended vertically from the free end of a helical spring, as shown in Fig.5.1 helical — spring magnet Fig. 5.1 One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil. Thé coil is connected in series with a high-resistance voltmeter. The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. The variation with time tof the reading V of the voltmeter is shown in Fig. 5.2. (a),(@,_ State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, @UCLES 2011 e7o2raanarit For exarinrs UsePage 43 of 109 (ii) Use Faraday's law to explain why or exarinrs 1. there is a reading on the voltmeter, Use 2. this reading varies in magnitude, 3. the reading has both positive and negative values, (b) Use Fig. 5.2 to determine the frequency f, of the oscillations of:the magnet. = He (2) (c) The magnet is now brought toitest and the voltmeter is replaced by a variable frequency alternating current supply that produces a constant rm.s. current in the coil The frequency of the supply is gradually increased from 0.7, to 1.3f, where fy is the frequency calculated in.(b). On the axes of Fig. 5.8, sketch a graph to show the variation with frequency f of the amplitude A of the new oscillations of the bar magnet 0.7 h h 1.3% (2) Fig. 5.3 @UCLES 2011 s702iaziMNsitt [Turn overPage 44 of 109 (a) (i) Name the phenomenon illustrated on your completed graph of Fig. 5.3. for exarinrs 1) | (il) State one situation where the phenomenon named in (i) is useful [1 @UCLES 2011 e7o2raanaritPage 45 of 109 3 (a) Define simple harmonic motion. or exaiers te (2), (b) A tube, sealed at one end, has a total mass m and a uniform area of cross-section A. The tube floats upright in a liquid of density p with length L submerged, as shown'in Fig. 3.14. tube liquid density p Lex 3.1 ig. 3.14 The tube is displaced vertically and then released, The tube oscillates vertically in the liquid At one time, the displacement iS x, as shown in Fig. 3.1b. Theory shows that the acceleration a of the tube is given by the expression Arg, @UCLES 2011 e7ozsarnaarit@ ) @UCLES 2011 Page 46 of 109 Explain how it can be deduced from the expression that the tube is moving with |, simple harmonic motion. examiners Use 2) The tube, of area of cross-section 4.5cm?, is floating in water of density 1.0 x 10%kgm"®, Calculate the mass of the tube that would give rise to oscillations of frequeney 1.5 Hz. mass = a 9 [4] 8702/41 MiI11 [Turn overPage 47 of 109 3 Abar magnet is suspended from the free end of a helical spring, as illustrated in Fig, 3.1. helical —__ spring magnet coil Fig. 3.1 One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil of wire. The coil isyconnected in series with a switch and a resistor. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. Asithe magnet passes through its rest position, a timer is started. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet from its rest position is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0 ylom 1.0 0 OUT OF2 0413 0114 O4T5 O1¢6 0117 0118.0: Fig. 3.2 Attime f= 4.0s, the switch is closed, UCLES 2011 s70204 VON examiners UsePage 48 of 109 (a) Use Fig. 3.2 to for exaniners (i) state the evidence for the magnet to be undergoing free oscillations during the | period f= 0 to t= 4.0s, a state, with a reason, whether the damping after time t = 4.0s is light, critical’or heavy, (2) (ili) determine the natural frequency of vibration of the magneton the spring. frequency Hz [2] (b) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagniatic induction. (2) (ii) Explain why, after time t = 4.0, the amplitude of vibration of the magnet is seen to decrease. [4] UCLES 2011 s70204 VON [Turn overPage 49 of 109 3 Abar magnet is suspended from the free end of a helical spring, as illustrated in Fig, 3.1. helical —__ spring magnet coil Fig. 3.1 One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil of wire. The coil isyconnected in series with a switch and a resistor. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. Asithe magnet passes through its rest position, a timer is started. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet from its rest position is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0 ylom 1.0 0 OUT OF2 0413 0114 O4T5 O1¢6 0117 0118.0: Fig. 3.2 Attime f= 4.0s, the switch is closed, UCLES 2011 970214210011 examiners UsePage 80 of 109 (a) Use Fig. 3.2 to for exaniners (i) state the evidence for the magnet to be undergoing free oscillations during the | period f= 0 to t= 4.0s, a state, with a reason, whether the damping after time t = 4.0s is light, critical’or heavy, (2) (ili) determine the natural frequency of vibration of the magneton the spring. frequency Hz [2] (b) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagniatic induction. (2) (ii) Explain why, after time t = 4.0, the amplitude of vibration of the magnet is seen to decrease. [4] UCLES 2011 970214210011 [Turn overPage 1 of 109 3 (a) Define simple harmonic motion. or exarinrs Use 21, (b) A horizontal plate is vibrating vertically, as shown in Fig. 3.1 cube, mass 5.89 mi __ plate, Fig. 3.1 vertical oscillations frequeney 4.5Hz The plate undergoes simple harmonic motion witha frequency of 4.5Hz and amplitude 3.0mm. ‘A metal cube of mass 5.8g rests on the plate. Calculate, for the cube, the energy of oscillation. energy = JB (c) The amplitude of oscillation of the plate in (b) is gradually increased. The frequency remains constant. At one particular amplitude, the cube just loses contact momentarily with the plate. (i) State the position of the plate in its oscillation at the point when the cube loses Contact (2) UCLES 2011 9702043/00N11 [Turn overPage 52 of 109 ii) Calculate this amplitude of oscillation, 97ORIABIONNITT UCLES 2011Page 83 of 109 3 Abar magnet is suspended from the free end of a helical spring, as illustrated in Fig, 3.1. helical —__ spring magnet coil Fig. 3.1 One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil of wire. The coil isyconnected in series with a switch and a resistor. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. Asithe magnet passes through its rest position, a timer is started. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet from its rest position is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0 ylom 1.0 0 OUT OF2 0413 0114 O4T5 O1¢6 0117 0118.0: Fig. 3.2 Attime f= 4.0s, the switch is closed, UCLES 2011 s70204 VON examiners UsePage 84 of 109 (a) Use Fig. 3.2 to for exaniners (i) state the evidence for the magnet to be undergoing free oscillations during the | period f= 0 to t= 4.0s, a state, with a reason, whether the damping after time t = 4.0s is light, critical’or heavy, (2) (ili) determine the natural frequency of vibration of the magneton the spring. frequency Hz [2] (b) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagniatic induction. (2) (ii) Explain why, after time t = 4.0, the amplitude of vibration of the magnet is seen to decrease. [4] UCLES 2011 s70204 VON [Turn overPage 85 of 109 3 Abar magnet is suspended from the free end of a helical spring, as illustrated in Fig, 3.1. helical —__ spring magnet coil Fig. 3.1 One pole of the magnet is situated in a coil of wire. The coil isyconnected in series with a switch and a resistor. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then released. Asithe magnet passes through its rest position, a timer is started. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet from its rest position is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0 ylom 1.0 0 OUT OF2 0413 0114 O4T5 O1¢6 0117 0118.0: Fig. 3.2 Attime f= 4.0s, the switch is closed, UCLES 2011 970214210011 examiners UsePage 86 of 109 (a) Use Fig. 3.2 to for exaniners (i) state the evidence for the magnet to be undergoing free oscillations during the | period f= 0 to t= 4.0s, a state, with a reason, whether the damping after time t = 4.0s is light, critical’or heavy, (2) (ili) determine the natural frequency of vibration of the magneton the spring. frequency Hz [2] (b) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagniatic induction. (2) (ii) Explain why, after time t = 4.0, the amplitude of vibration of the magnet is seen to decrease. [4] UCLES 2011 970214210011 [Turn overPage 87 of 109 3 (a) Define simple harmonic motion. or exarinrs Use 21, (b) A horizontal plate is vibrating vertically, as shown in Fig. 3.1 cube, mass 5.89 mi __ plate, Fig. 3.1 vertical oscillations frequeney 4.5Hz The plate undergoes simple harmonic motion witha frequency of 4.5Hz and amplitude 3.0mm. ‘A metal cube of mass 5.8g rests on the plate. Calculate, for the cube, the energy of oscillation. energy = JB (c) The amplitude of oscillation of the plate in (b) is gradually increased. The frequency remains constant. At one particular amplitude, the cube just loses contact momentarily with the plate. (i) State the position of the plate in its oscillation at the point when the cube loses Contact (2) UCLES 2011 9702043/00N11 [Turn overPage 58 of 109 ii) Calculate this amplitude of oscillation, 97ORIABIONNITT UCLES 2011Page 59 of 109 4 Assmall metal ball is suspended from a fixed point by means of a string, as shown in Fig. 4.1. ) jy examiners Use Fig. 4.1 The ball is pulled a small distance to one side and then released. THe Variation with time f of the horizontal displacement x of the ball is shown in Fig. 4.2. 6 x/om 4 Fig. 4.2 The motion of the,ballis simple harmonic. (a) Use data\from Fig. 4.2 to determine the horizontal acceleration of the ball for a displacement x of 2.0cm. acceleration = ms [3] @UCLES 2012 9702/41 /MIsIN2 [Turn overPage 60 of 109 (b) The maximum kinetic energy of the ball is E,. for On the axes of Fig. 4.3, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the kinetic examiners energy of the ball for the first 1.0's of its motion. Use kinetic energy Fig. 4.3 [3] @UCLES 2012 s7o2sarnaan2Page 61 of 109 2 Aball of mass 37g is held between two fixed points A and B by two stretched helical springs, | j, as shown in Fig. 2.1 examiners Use ball mass 37g al 0000050000 fs Fig. 2.1 The ball oscillates along the line AB with simple harmonic motion of frequency 3.5Hz and amplitude 2.8¢m: (a) Show that the total energy of the oscillations is 7.0mJ. (2) (b) At two points in the oscillation.of the ball, its kinetic energy is equal to the potential energy stored in the springs. Calculate the magnitude of the displacement at which this occurs. ..cm [3] displacement = @UCLES 2012 s7o2s42naun2Page 62 of 109 (c)_ On the axes of Fig. 2.2 and using your answers in (a) and (b), sketch a graph to show the variation with displacement x of (i) the total energy of the system (label this line T), ti) ))_ the kinetic energy of the ball (label this line K), 1 (ili) the potential energy stored in the springs (label this line P) 2 8: 6: ‘energy Jd x/om Fig.2.2 (d) The arrangement in Fig. 2.1 is Now rotated through 90° so that the line AB is vertical and the ball oscillates in a vertical plane. ‘Suggest one form of enefgy, other than those in (¢), that must be taken into consideration when plotting new graphs to show energy changes with displacement. (1) For examiners Use @UCLES 2012 8 702/42/MIdIN2 [Turn overPage 63 of 109 4 Assmall metal ball is suspended from a fixed point by means of a string, as shown in Fig. 4.1. ) jy examiners Use Fig. 4.1 The ball is pulled a small distance to one side and then released. THe Variation with time f of the horizontal displacement x of the ball is shown in Fig. 4.2. 6 x/om 4 Fig. 4.2 The motion of the,ballis simple harmonic. (a) Use data\from Fig. 4.2 to determine the horizontal acceleration of the ball for a displacement x of 2.0cm. acceleration = ms [3] @UCLES 2012 8 702/43/MIdI12 [Turn overPage 64 of 109 (b) The maximum kinetic energy of the ball is E,. for On the axes of Fig. 4.3, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the kinetic examiners energy of the ball for the first 1.0's of its motion. Use kinetic energy Fig. 4.3 [3] @UCLES 2012 s7o2sasnasn22 Page 65 of 109 A small frictionless trolley is attached to a fixed point A by means of a spring. A second spring is used to attach the trolley to a variable frequency oscillator, as shown in Fig. 2.1 trolley variable frequency / /oscillator | Pam, Gam Fig. 2.1 Both springs remain extended within the limit of proportionality. Initially, the oscillator is switched off. The trolley is displaced horizontally’along the line joining the two springs and is then released The variation with time t of the velocity v of the trolley is shown in'Fig, 2.2. 0.3: vims~* 0.2: of Fig. 2.2 (a) (i) Using Fig. 2.2, state two different times at which 1. the displacement of the trolley is zero, time = sand time = sft] 2. “the acceleration in one direction is maximum time = SAN LIME = srosnsesneuensine § [1] examiners se @UCLES 2012 97024310112Page 66 of 109 (ii) Determine the frequency of oscillation of the trolley, for examiners se frequency = Hz [2] (ili) The variation with time of the displacement of the trolley is sinusoidalThe Variation with time of the velocity of the trolley is also sinusoidal State the phase difference between the displacement and the velocity. phase difference = tl (b) The oscillator is now switched on. The amplitude of vibration,of the oscillator is constant. The frequency f of vibration of the oscillator is varied, The trolley is forced to oscillate by means of vibrations of the oscillator. The variation with f of the amplitude a, of the oscillations of the trolley is shown in Fig. 2.3, % Fig. 2.3 By reference to, your answer in (a), state the approximate frequency at which the amplitude is maximum. frequency = Hz [1] (c) The amplitude of the oscillations in (b) may be reduced without changing significantly the frequency at which the amplitude is a maximum, State how this may be done and givéla reason for your answer. You may draw on Fig. 2.1 if you wish. (2) @UCLES 2012 9702/43/0/NN2 [Turn overPage 67 of 109 4 Aballis held between two fixed points A and B by means of two stretched springs, as shown jy in Fig.4.1 JExaminers ss ball A Lanne) sure] 8 Fig. 4.1 The ball is free to oscillate horizontally along the line AB. During the oscillations} the springs remain stretched and do not exceed their limits of proportionality. The variation of the acceleration a of the ball with its displacement x ffom its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 4.2. Fig. 4.2 @UCLES 2012 970214210112Page 68 of 109 (a) State and explain the features of Fig. 4.2 that indicate that the motion of the ball is ) simple harmonic. examiners se (4) (b) Use Fig. 4.2 to determine, for the oscillations of the ball, (i) the amplitude, amplitude em [1] the frequency. frequency = Hz [3] (c)_ The arrangement in Fig. 4.1 is now'rotated through 90° so that the line AB is vertical The ball now oscillates in a vertical plane. Suggest one reason why the scillations may no longer be simple harmonic. @UCLES 2012 9702/42/0)NN2 [Turn overPage 69 of 109 3 Amass of 78g is suspended from a fixed point by means of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. ) jy exanoers tse spring mass — 78g Fig. 3.1 The stationary mass is pulled vertically downwards through a distance of 2.1.cm and then released The mass is observed to perform simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.69. (a) The mass is released at time t= 0. For the oscillations of the mass, (i) calculate the angular frequency o rads“ [2] (ii) determine numerical equations for the variation with time tof 1; the displacement xin cm, (2) 2. the speed vin ms~* (2) @UCLES 2013 9702/42/13 [Turn overPage 70 of 109 (b) Calculate the total energy of oscillation of the mass. 97ORIAZMIS @UCLES 2013Page 71 of 109 3° Aball is held between two fixed points A and B by means of two stretched springs, as shown in Fig. 3.1 The ball is free to oscillate along the straight line AB. The springs remain stretched’and the motion of the ball is simple harmonic. The variation with time t of the displacement x of the ball from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0) x/em 1.0 1.0 3.2 (@) (i) Use Fig, 3.2 to determine, for the oscillations of the ball, 1. the amplitude, amplitude = om [1] 2. the frequency. frequency Hz [2] @UCLES 2013 s7o2sarnasns For examiners UsePage 72 of 109 (ii) Show that the maximum acceleration of the ball is 5.2ms~* or ri (2) (b) Use your answers in (a) to plot, on the axes of Fig. 3.3, the variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the ball alms? x/102m Fig. 3.3 (2) @UCLES 2013 8702/41 /MIdI13 [Turn overPage 73 of 109 (c) Calculate the displacement of the ball at which its kinetic energy is equal to one half of ) the maximum kinetic energy. examiners Use displacement = om [3] @UCLES 2013 s7o2sarnasns3 Page 74 of 109 ‘A metal ball is suspended from a fixed point by means of a string, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.1 The ball is given a small displacement and then released. Thé)variation with time t of the displacement x of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0: x/em 1.0: Fig. 3.2 (@) (i) State two times at which the speed of the ball is a maximum time = sand time = sft] )_ Show that the maximum speed of the ball is approximately 0.08ms~1 (2) @UCLES 2013 970242/01N13 examiners sePage 75 of 109 (b) The variation with displacement x of the potential energy & of the oscillations of the ) ny, ball is shown in Fig. 3.3, examiners se 25: Epa 20 energy/ m4 a5 1.0 05 0 05 10 18 x/om Fig.3.3 (i) On the axes of Fig. 3.3, sketehia graph to show the variation with displacement x of the kinetic energy of the'ball (2) The amplitude of the oscillations reduces over a long period of time. After many oscillations, the amplitude of the oscillations is 0.60cm. Use Fig. 3.310 determine the total energy of the oscillations of the ball for oscillations of amplitudé 060m. Explain your working. energy = [2] @UCLES 2013 9702/42/0)N13 [Turn overPage 76 of 109 3 Amicrowave cooker uses electromagnetic waves of frequency 2450MHz. The microwaves warm the food in the cooker by causing water molecules in the food to oscillate with a large amplitude at the frequency of the microwaves. (a) State the name given to this phenomenon. fi) (b) The effective microwave power of the cooker is 750W. The temperature of a mass of 280g of water rises from 25°C to 98°C in a time of 2.0 minutes. Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the water. specific heat capacity, =»... Jkg-"K-* [3] (c) The value of the specific heat capacity determined from the data in (b) is greater than the accepted value. A student gives as the reason for this diffetence: ‘heat lost to the surroundings’ Suggest, in more detail than that giveniby the student, a possible reason for the difference. @UCLES 2014 s7ozsa2naunaPage 77 of 109 4 Asstudent investigates the energy changes of a mass oscillating on a vertical spring, as shown in Fig.4.1 spring— mass Fig.4.1 The student draws a graph of the variation with displacement x of energy E of the oscillation, as shown in Fig. 4.2. x/em Fig.4.2 {a) State whether the energy E represents the total energy, the potential energy or the kinetic energy of the oscillations. 1) @UCLES 2014 s7o2sainaanaPage 78 of 109 (b) The student repeats the investigation but with a smaller amplitude. The maximum value of is now found to be 1.8mv. Use Fig. 4.2 to determine the change in the amplitude. Explain your working, change in amplitude =... om [3] @UCLES 2014 9702/41 /MINI14 [Turn overPage 79 of 109 4 (a) State what is meant by simple harmonic motion. (2) (b)_A small ball rests at point P on a curved track of radius r, as shown in Fig. 4.1 curved track, radius r Fig. 4.1 The ball is moved a small distance to one side and is then released. The horizontal displacement x of the ball is related to its acceleration a towards P by the expression where gis the acceleration of free fall (i) Show that the ball undergoes simple harmonic motion. (ii) The radius r of curvature of the track is 28cm. Detérmine the time interval r between the ball passing point P and then returning to point P, rs s [3] @UCLES 2014 97024 1/0114Page 80 of 109 (c) The variation with time f of the displacement x of the ball in (b) is shown in Fig. 4.2. Fig. 4.2 ‘Some moisture now forms on the track, causing the ball to come to rest after approximately 15 oscillations, On the axes of Fig, 4.2, sketch the variation with time t of the displacement x of the ball for the first two periods after the moisture has formed. Assume the moisture forms at time t = 0. [3] @UCLES 2014 97024 1/0114 [Turn overPage 81 of 109 Section A Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 Allight spring is suspended from a fixed point. A bar magnet is attached to the end of the spfing, as shown in Fig. 1.1 —— cardboard eup Fig. 4.1 In order to shield the magnet from draughts, @ cardboard cup is placed around the magnet but does not touch it The magnet is displaced vertically’and then released. The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet is shown in Fig. 1.2. 2.0: ylem 1.0) -1.0) Fig. 1.2 @UCLES 2014 97024310114Page 82 of 109 The mass of the magnet is 130g. (a) For the oscillations of the magnet, use Fig. 1.2 to (i) determine the angular frequency «, oF rads" [2] ))_ show that the maximum kinetic energy of the oscillating magnet is'6.4mJ. (2) (b) The cardboard cup is now replaced witha cup made of aluminium foil During 10 complete oscillations of the magnet, the amplitude of vibration is seen to decrease to 0.75cm from that shown in Fig..\2. The change in angular frequency is negligible (i) Use Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction to explain why the amplitude of the oscillations decreases, [3] @UCLES 2014 97024310114 [Turn overPage 83 of 109 (ii) Show that the loss in energy of the oscillating magnet is 4.8mJ. (2) (c) The mass of the aluminium cup in (b) is 62g. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910Jkg-*K-" The energy in (b)(li) is transferred to the cup as thermal energy. Calculate the mean rise in temperature of the cup. température rise = kK RB] @UCLES 2014 97024310114Page 84 of 109 4 (a) State what is meant by simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) A trolley is attached to two extended springs, as shown in Fig. 4.1 spring trolley ae 4 Fig. 4.1 The trolley is displaced along the line joining the two springs and is then released. At one point in the motion, a stopwatch is started. The,variation with time f of the velocity v of the trolley is shown in Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.2 Theimotion of the trolley is simple harmonic. (i) State one time at which the trolley is moving through the equilibrium position and also state the next time that it moves through this position. sand s [1] @UCLES 2014 97024310114Page 85 of 109 (ii) The amplitude of vibration of the trolley is 3.2cm. Determine 1. the maximum speed v, of the trolley, coms" [3] 2. the displacement of the trolley for a speed of ¥ev, displacement = .... om [2] (c)_ Use your answers in (b) to sketch? On, the axes of Fig. 4.3, a graph to show the variation with displacement x of the velocity V of the trolley. Fig. 4.3 (2) @UCLES 2014 97024310114 [Turn over4 (a) (b) x/em Page 86 of 109 State what is meant by simple harmonic motion, (2) The variation with time tof the displacement x of two oscillators P and Q is shown in Fig. 4.1 4 3 2 oscillator P joscillator Q 28 Fig. 4.1 The two oscillators each have the Same mass. Use Fig. 4.1 to determine (i) the phase differénce between the two oscillators, phase difference = rad [1] (ii) the maximum acceleration of oscillator Q, maximum acceleration = ms [2] @UCLES 2015 s7o2sa2nansPage 87 of 109 (iii) the ratio maximum kinetic energy of oscillations of Q ‘maximum kinetic energy of oscillations of P 2] (c) Use data from (b) to sketch, on the axes of Fig. 4.2, the variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of oscillator Q Fig. 4.2 (2) @UCLES 2015 9702/42/15 [Turn overPage 88 of 109 4° (a) Foran oscillating body, state what is meant by (i) forced frequency, i) ) natural frequency of vibration, (ili) resonance (b) State and explain one situation where resonance is.Useful. (c) In some situations, resonance Should be avoided. State one such situation @nd Suggest how the effects of resonance are reduced. fa] @UCLES 2015 8702/41 /MIdI15 [Turn over4 (a) (b) Page 89 of 109 Distinguish between free oscillations and forced oscillations. free oscillations: forced oscillations: (2) A trolley is held on a horizontal surface by means of two stretched springs, as shown in Fig. 4.1 spring trolley spring fixed point oscillator Fig. 4.1 One spring is attached to a fixed point. The other spring is attached to an oscillator that causes horizontal oscillations of the trolley. The oscillator vibrates with a constantamplitude of vibration. The frequency of vibration of the oscillator is gradually increased from avery low value. The variation with frequency, f of the amplitude x, of vibration of the trolley is shown in Fig. 4.2 fz. Fig. 4.2 @UCLES 2015 9702/4 1/01NNI5Page 90 of 109 Use Fig. 4.2 to state and explain (i) the value of the natural frequency of vibration of the trolley, (ii) whether there are any frictional forces acting on the trolley. (c)_ The oscillator in (b) is now stopped. The trolley is given a horizontal displacement of 4.7¢m along the line of the springs, The trolley is then released. Use information from Fig. 4.2 to estimate the maximum speed of the trolley, speed = ms [2] @UCLES 2015 9702/4 1/01NS [Turn overPage 91 of 109 4 (a) Define simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) Atube, sealed at one end, has a circular cross-sectional area A of 4.9 10~¢m?. Some sand is put in the tube so that the total mass M of the tube and its contents is 70g. The tube floats upright in a liquid, as shown in Fig. 4.1 _-tube cross-sectionallarea A liquid 4.9x10-+me sand~ Fig. 4.1 The liquid has a density p of 0.79gcm-% By reference to the liquid pressure exerted on the base of the tube, show that the distance fh of the base of the tube below the liquid surface is 18cm. Explain your working (2) @UCLES 2015 9702/43/0/NIS [Turn overPage 92 of 109 () The tube in (b) is displaced vertically and then released, The variation with time t of the distance his shown in Fig. 4.2. 2t 20 hlom 19 18 6 7 16 15 Fig. 4.2 The system oscillates with simple harmonic motion of ahgular frequency w given by the expression wo? = PAL rs where gis the acceleration of free fall (i) Use data from (b) to determine 1. the time t,, s [3] 2. thetime t, -s [1] @UCLES 2015 97024310115Page 93 of 109 (ii) Determine the loss in total energy of the oscillating system between time t= 0 and time t= t, J [3] ergy = loss in en [Turn over 97O2I4BIOINS @UCLES 2015Page 94 of 109 3 (a) State, by reference to displacement, what is meant by simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) Amass is undergoing oscillations in a vertical plane. The variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the mass is shown in Fig. 3.1. Fig. 3.1 State two reasons why the motion of the mass is not simple harmonic. 1 (2) @UCLES 2016 8702/41/16 [Turn overPage 95 of 109 (¢)_A block of wood is floating in a liquid, as shown in Fig. 3.2. oscillation block__ {of block Fig. 3.2 The block is displaced vertically and then released. The variation with time t of the displacement y of the block from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 3.3. 2.0: ylem 15: 1.0 05: Fig. 3.3 Use data ffom Fig. 3.3 to determine (i)_ (the angular frequency « of the oscillations, os rads“ [2] @UCLES 2016 s7o2sarnaunsPage 96 of 109 (ii) the maximum vertical acceleration of the block. maximum acceleration = ms [2] (iii) The block has mass 120g The oscillations of the block are damped. Calculate the loss in energy of the oscillations of the block during the first three complete periods of its oscillations. energy loss = J 13] [Total: 11] @UCLES 2016 8702/41/16 [Turn overPage 97 of 109 4 Ametal block hangs vertically from one end of a spring. The other end of the spring is tied to a thread that passes over a pulley and is attached to a vibrator, as shown in Fig. 4.1 pulley -|——- vibrator spring block ——{— Fig. 4.1 (a) The vibrator is switched off, The metal block of mass 120g is displaced vertically and then released. The variation with time tof the displacement y of the block from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 4.2. 3 ylom 2 Fig. 4.2 For the vibrations of the block, calculate (the angular frequency «, @UCLES 2016 s7o2sa2naunePage 98 of 109 {ii) the energy of the vibrations. energy = J [2] (b) The vibrator is now switched on. The frequency of vibration is varied from 0.7f to 1.3f where fis tH@ frequency of vibration of the block in (a), For the block, complete Fig. 4.3 to show the variation with frequency of the amplitude of vibration. Label this line A 3] amplitude O7F f 1.3f frequency Fig. 4.3 (c) Some light feathers are now attached to the block in (b) to increase air resistance. The frequency of vibration is once again varied from 0.7f to 1.3f The new amplitude of vibration is measured for each frequency. (On Fig. 4.3, draw a line to show the variation with frequency of the amplitude of vibration Label this line B. 2) [Total: 9] @UCLES 2016 9702/42/16 [Turn overPage 99 of 109 4 An object of mass 80g oscillates with simple harmonic motion, The variation with time t of the displacement x of the object is shown in Fig. 4.1 2.0: x/om 1.0 Fig. 4.1 (a) Use Fig. 4.1 to determine the amplitude and the period of the oscillations. cm 8 ti (b) Use Fig. 4.1 and your answers in (a) to-éalcullate the kinetic energy of the object at time t=0.195, kinetic energy [3] (Total: 4] @UCLES 2016 9702/62 WI6Page 100 of 109 3 To demonstrate simple harmonic motion, a student attaches a trolley to two similar stretched springs, as shown in Fig. 3.1 spring trolley WIT lone: Fig. 3.1 The trolley has mass m of 810g. The trolley is displaced along the line of the two springs and then released. The subsequent acceleration a of the trolley is given by the expression _2kx ~ m where the spring constant k for each of the springs is,64Nmr* and x is the displacement of the trolley. (a) Show that the frequency of oscillation of the trolley is 2.0Hz (3) (b) The maximum displacement of the trolley is 16cm. Calculate the maximum speed of the trolley. speed = ms“ [2] SUCLES 2016 970208 /01NNI6Page 101 of 109 (c)_ The mass of the trolley is increased. The initial displacement of the trolley remains unchanged. Suggest the change, if any, that occurs in the frequency and in the maximum speed of the oscillations of the trolley. Ss frequency: Y maximum speed: S SUCLES 2016 srozsionNne [Turn overPage 102 of 109 4 Amass hangs vertically from a fixed point by means of a spring, as shown in Fig. 4.1 mass 1 Fig. 4.1 The mass is displaced vertically and then released. The subseqlient Oscillations of the mass are simple harmonic. The variation with time tof the length Zof the spring is shown in Fig. 4.2. 18 17 Vem 16 15 14 13 12 us Fig. 4.2 (a) Use Fig 42 to (state two values of fat which the mass is moving downwards with maximum speed, t= onsen § and t= [1] SUCLES 2016 9702042106Page 103 of 109, i) determine, for these oscillations, the angular frequency w, > sesssnnns ota son fi tages FAdS~ [2] show that the maximum speed of the mass is 0.42ms~* (2) (b) Use data from Fig. 4.2 and (a)(ill) to sketeh, on the axes of Fig. 4.3, the variation with displacement x from the equilibrium position of the velocity v of the mass. 0.5 0.4 0.3} 0.2 0.1 0: 0} 0.4 0.2: 0.3: =0.4: 05 Fig. 4.3 (3 (Total: 8] @UCLES 2016 9702/42/0/NI16 [Turn overPage 104 of 109 3 Auniform beam is clamped at one end. A metal block of mass mis fixed to the other end of the beam causing it to bend, as shown in Fig.3.1. beam metal block ‘equilibrium position, displaced position Fig.3.1 The block is given a small vertical displacement and then released so that it oscillates with simple harmonic motion. The acceleration a of the block is given by the expression ak a=-Kx Where k is a constant for the beam and x is the vertical displacement of the block from its equilibrium position. (a) Explain how it can be deduced from the expression that the block moves with simple harmonic motion. (2) (b) For the beam, the expression = 4.0kg&® Show that the angular frequency w of the oscillations is given by 2.0 [2] ®UCLES 2017 e7o2tsarmMn7Page 105 of 109 (c) The initial amplitude of the oscillation of the block is 3.0m. Use the expression in (b) to determine the maximum kinetic energy of the oscillations. maximum kinetic energy = JE] (4) Over a certain interval of time, the maximum kinetic energy of the oscillations in (c) is reduced by 50%. It may be assumed that there is negligible change in the angular frequency of the oscillations. Determine the amplitude of oscillation, amplitude = m2] (e) Permanent magnets are now positioned s¢ that the metal block oscillates between the poles, as shown in Fig. 3.2. metal ~~ ‘permanent magnets Fig.3.2 The blockis made to oscillate with the same initial amplitude as in (c). Use energy conservation to,explain why the energy of the oscillations decreases more rapidly than in (d). [3] [Total: 12] @UCLES 2017 9702/42FMNT [Turn overPage 106 of 108 2 Abar magnet of mass 180g is suspended from the free end of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1 Z spring~ magnet coil Fig. 2.1 The magnet hangs so that one pole is near the centre fa coil of wire. The coil is connected in series with a resistor and @ switch. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then allowed to oscillate with one pole remaining inside the coil. The other pole remains outside the coil. At time t= 0, the magnet is oscillatingiffeely as it passes through its equilibrium position. At time t=3.0s, the switch in the circuit is closed. The variation with time tof the vertical displacement y of the magnet is shown in Fig, 2.2. 2.0: 18 ylem 1.0. 0.5: 0. 0: 08 ts Fig. 2.2 @UCLES 2017 s7o2renMisn?Page 107 of 108 {a) Determine, to two significant figures, the frequency of oscillation of the magnet. frequency = Ss Hz [2] (b) State whether the closing of the switch gives rise to light, heavy or critical as &> 1) (©) Calculate the change in the energy AE of oscillation of the cs time t= 2.7s and time t= 7.5s. Explain your working (Total: 9] © uCLES 2017 srozsynn7 [Turn overPage 108 of 109 3 Abar magnet of mass 250g is suspended from the free end of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1 spring magnet — coil Fig. 3.1 The magnet hangs so that one pole is near the centre 6f @ Coil of wire. The coil is connected in series with a resistor and a switch. The switch is open. The magnet is displaced vertically and then allowed to oscillate with one pole remaining inside the coil. The other pole remains outside the coil. At time t= 0, the magnet is oscillatingffeely as it passes through its equilibrium position. At time t=6.0s, the switch in the circuit is closed ©UCLES 2017 s7ozla2nMin?Page 109 of 108 The variation with time tof the vertical displacement y of the magnet is shown in Fig. 3.2. 2.0 15 ylem 1.0: 0.5: ts Fig. 3.2 (a) For the oscillating magnet, use data from Fige3.2 to calculate, to two significant figures, (i) the frequenoy f, Hz [2] the energy of the oscillations during the time t= 0 to time t= 6.05. ONCLGY = sessssenrs on iaen nT.) ®@UCLES 2017 a702!42IMUINT [Turn over