ale Nledic/-Aryan Guilitation Beginning of historical oge because te ‘has (iterobive. : too sites were found. Painted Grajy wart was found in all hose. sites. So -this walso known os PGW civilization. Sources * Raw Vedic Ukerature -—> Not an)solated book stk ts massive one ,which has library. full f-bocks Manuscripts were wittien from 4.D0@AD Vedic Wterature % decrol iberatuve ak in divided inls 8 part Vedas . Brahmanas Shrol? litevabure Aranyokas Upanishads Vedlang as Poranas Upavecas Ethihasas (epics) ( Smnsiti literature. Vedas + we" vedas 4. Rigveda — 1028 shlokas * Gawyostar Martra® addven He goddem Seuity 4o chapkess [rondalams tot) chapter ts tmp , ‘Pureshasukto. & -Pusushasukta —> “frst eGdrence ¢ caste System)Every homan being u& Created by . Brahma ; from his home Boolip bur. From diff organs. - hs st mee People created from bead ¢ Brahina: — Brakmanas ae shoulder * — Khabiyos thies <> = vyshyas feck a = shudras 2- Yajusveda " Diserébes about attuals the. biggest problem of vituals % there f4 10 direct connection bekibeen the god @ dévotees B. Samaveda . Thi veda gives importance te music . -Shlokas fn tigveda wert tuned - 4&- Athorvanaveda Diacribes penvention of diseases evil spivits Brahmanas: AAR etal F 4. At tavayo Brohmane first reference $ Andra. 2. Satepatha Brahmana 2. Kausikath Bmhmana centoina the philosophy of gemmis 4 Rishfs tn the fovest- Hronyakas ave appended, fo BrahmanesDpantsbeds 2 408 * chandogye af Bribadvanyaka a ° SveFesvatava —> fiyst reference. $ Bhakti * Mundato —>* Sabyameva, youate" t present In thls upanishs “Bhakti Contradictory f vituals * “Tivo aspects ¢ bhakti — Pexsonal self surrender ts ged (mysticism) Islom —> Surrender, Zélamic mystia'sm — Suphisrn Abiloconbical epeculations Describes abouk Atma, paramakma , Janma, punaryanma, Soul, karma, Moksha Comes from Bhakti , Veesogae: the 6 vedangas are organs ¢ vedas % shiksha —> deals with phonetics shia 14 tongue fox vedas, helps te talk @> ‘Nizvuktha > deals with “etymology 7 Ly origin of wosd GH) Vyakavana —> Gramma ww shyotisha — Astrology y Chandas —> metrics WW Kolpa —5 deals sith vitualsthere are 3 parts ¢ kelpo - © Gathasutra: —». describes domestic vituals °*! Every individual shall. pesform 46 rituals ty get - - moksha. # Srautnsutra —s describes public ritual King pexform this - rituals for the sate ¢ his people * suluuasvtra — construikion of frre alters : 9” Domestic gituals + - feta mE ioe a 16 vituals performed from llomb & tomb tmportant sikual & 11 —? bpane, pane Males & first three communities are eligible tb do the Dpanaya » they are calted * Qvija' > tutce born. aled Shudras and women of al communities are nok eligible , i “Ekaja "2 onee born “464 Attual is vivaha Asvamedbayaga = kangs cave. eligible to perform this ritual . Rajasuya yoga —> After. Auccessful completion of this yage, the chief priest announes that the King % tike a ged Poranas: otal 18 iN © Vishnu purana ° Matya purana ® Morkandeya parang & Vaya pavana 22 su ieee ees° Based on parans:, types of oges i gee Ee ___, Kentoyuga., Twetoguga, Sweparayuga, Hakyuga ° Purdinas ‘contains * Geneon * a : ois Ly family -tree of king Upavedas * . Agurveda — medicine * Gandorva veda —> music . Shilpa veda —» Art @ Architeckure * Bhanurveda —» wor gy Aachuay Eptes : + Ramayon / 3 engesoriter in world - Homar *. Maha haath . Gok: Wied g odiss? Chong journey] => who are the Argaus t * AS Bas —> -Argans are pudy Indians -Sapta sindha tA native place Boundaries ¢ Saptasinds, East — Jamuna wesk — Afghanistan South - Aravali Nosth — Kash F Reuters : ‘ CRS Saraswathi Satudsi (sattez) Sindhu vitasa (seelom) parushni (Roa) Vvipasa (Beas) 7kini (chenab) * Hak AMikini (co LK — wrote g book on -the nativity of the aryans called * Architte~ thehome Aryans" . Aschitic= thehome f. & Seyananda Sasscwath) > Ariass seam “hel# European historians > | Aegan carne. from. Geena / Htttles. believed that” “German ‘are. original Aryans Mostly accepted thevigi aboiE Argant 1902 proposed by- Moa muller , 0 German Sndologist ptef in Sanskeit - Tedelegy > studlips abouk Drdia Tndology wa depk try al Guropens Universities - “Woo British mndotogisti called as Fathers ¢ JIndology. 4. piflking —s ‘Tanalabed Bhagawoth Gt ot Ehsh 2. Willlam Jones (4484) —» he started ave Ofq called , “Asiatic Soucy 'q Bengal”, this every helped ts fndian anthropology g History . +e translated ‘abhignana shokuntolas’ inte Sglish “AL: Bacham , Bsib'sh Indologist settled in Australia, C prof d camo oniversitiy} He wxoke a book in 1954, “she wiondea that roar India Moa wullas translated Rigveda ints English . [roe alee} Sebegl pega Iireesie. preroeed Sy CE checordiyg to tim, — Euyasio. % nakive place ¢ Aryans Ne [ Khojieton } Europe a or Evrasia Gprmenay English 2 e) ganceakthis hypothesis jas based on philological # Epigraphical shud tee . : & study ¢ elation bho tf lange Bhega2koi > Some. inscriptions were foond - - “these. inccaiptions tale about ¢. stowarde -the “east. ; [There te no direction evidewce | Phase 1 ( 1500-t0008¢] 4500-6008¢. < ‘ . Phase X [1000- 6o0e¢| Phase? Early vedte period | Rigvedtc pexiod ome tribee Mover ource ty study phase 2 is Réquecto, Phase D> Later vedic. pesiod the study of Organs ts in two phases because there are major. Ganges pecially Geographical changes. ° Eaaly vedic pestod doueloped i -Saptacindu Tegcon ® tates vedic period —« « Gargetic region. Economy . Savenic scone * * atis pastoral, means cows ¢ horser tore domenctcaked . ° Limited cultivation Food reins — Bosley ¢ Wheat [Yaa] Less trade. Undusties: Textile, pottery , Corrpentory, m ve } Bronte 2 Suverng Nishka p08 atrament A9ith foedd value, onl ceLaker yedic economy : w@ Agaioultur. — ‘Agrasion economy. Ske [Riee =a imp food grain) & Vvihi —Rice . wa @ First time Zven was used by Loker “Aryans Krishna 4 Riguedte Souety : © “Fibal soctely * Aryans were semi nomadic [ snowing from Ore place bs another place. Sppkacindhu rg) © Patriarchal system Capit -family aystem] Mead ¢ orily —> ‘ehehe © Class diutded society . Presta ee socal § professional modilitia ave allowed tn either * Commoners class crecktons « + Warrior elass ° “Toker atoning q inter marriages were allowed -freely . uo can iee Anuloma { Hyper gomous mourlage , higrdan male Jove claes J Prattlorna [ Hypo gomous masxloge » SE a ip Lowe sclass mala. — higher clam fost) a” aioth chapters in Rigveda, were not taken as the basis er carly vedic period because they were addad latex "peried te Lotes interpolation . 26° > els\u * Pexfeck Gender equality Pogayny- . ; * polyandry 6g: drevpalt ~~ child Marriages Were never allowed . Equal aceessability ‘te woman education Gosha — woman .teho did nok. marry @ she ls Brahmanod Saki wos mentioned, buk Symbolic C widow war not burned with her died husband but che Jest ack fike that ] Sead System [ pseudo pregnancy] VE Kamataka. . Vikeget i / » f these are stones en tombs heros, Sadukkul C Tamil ) teho pastidipated mn wars. No dtwect- euidence ¢ tides marvioges , buk there. wat Niyogo. “wees 7 childless widow € tevtvae ; the new husband 's brother ¢ died ova. fater vedte society : ° Gaste sodely nsith no mobility (Brabmana » Khatriya , vqsya, KHidrg) ® Anuloma was allowed , but not pratiloma . Chandalas ty the childven borned dus t pratiloma marvioge Poly gyny war allowed . & Sotial sub-ordtnation ¢ scoman © child Marriages weve pesformed * widow Masriages were banned Sol comes to reali. .Ses verte (= pes). Brahma. wivaha —> most deal one oy : Marriage pexformed. ot pa Sastras , & Boiua vivaha —> exclusively for priest dass : e Arsa-nivaha —» brideprice d cow § bull . - Projaptoya. —> Ne 6 dowry , no bride price. [rotthouk oun" economic transadions} ° Gandasva —> masviage at firsk site. only kings ave. eligible e Asura ytvah —> Mmeerwtage by puxchase © Ratshasa vivah —» Marriage by by elopment fron aun) 2 pisacha vivah — mari dauction . ge Political stem: Régvedic ie peatod! Nene ° Tribal polity — very democratic Syptenn of governance awibe > Rajan an [hod 2 Every tribe har come, assemblies ; Ly Sabha, Sarit» vidhaka gant © = $PRoteck Jana ¢ pasu : eat time No yonapadas of 4 Texvitory va nok WNP tp the Rojan , me soars fought jor cattles © Gavichtt —> term ¢ ican ® dasarcjan —* ip WAAL® Puxukutsa —, Rajon ¢ Psa as assottation tons formed [purutuita + gother tribes) ageerae seiko sadama Peavain tribe] for wor. ; ° Bu reaucracy- Officers . Senapal , purohito , projopali , ‘Sposa [ whe collec the secret Inf -from other -tribel] . ramani [ head HI ° Sources ¢ Siem mt ‘ me No concept ¢ taxe sytem 7 Boote + Wealth get fron ror [tajan has share in Becky } Boll — voluntary offerings te Rajan by ~trite people Heme. Raja ts Gopala. Helo Lae wee, pat syten © Monaxchioal polily ° ‘Tanopadas was -formed {because g fertility of ceil, settled ee] . King ts Bhupata, Tervitory ve most imp & Source ¢ Ancome —> Tox syctem called Bhogo. Bhaga. —> earkest taxes cellected m India. * Bhagaduga > tox collector as Sangrahitt — a treasurer 29. Régie religion System * ° Worchips natural -forces 33 gods ¢ goddess [Divinity] : sindva —» Weather -p War god : %y shlokas i Rigveda eve cout Srelves Agnideva ~> persanifteation of foe. Vasuna —»> geod of ‘woter Soma. —o he gtod of pri “Ashwin —s god gf medicinal plarke [to gods} Tvactsi —> god ¢ vateono Mazuts —» god 4 thunder.stroms [so gat Aditi — earth goddess Savityy —s Gedders of laght bchas — Goddess 4 dawn ° Methods worship simple , that includes prayers, offexings # Soma ° purpose ¢ religion . Relegion i highly mnatterialistic [benefits] pasu & preja © “Bimustt (Trinathi) * Projopati (RranfZ) — Eveater every thing—* Vishnu —>. protect ‘Watural forces ave. tn subordinate position . “a. Methods ¢ worship . , : Rituals , -Bakshna te priest: very expensive o Highly non matestali stic » Vedte. vel stern 1 ogthodot Sygtem ” " Te Brohmon's policies. spiritual