:

:6095

, 2012

:6095


.../../

, ,

2
 :

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.
,

.

.


.

.

.

.
,
.

.

.
2.1.

4
5

1 ............................................................................................................................... 9
................................................................................................................................................. 9
2 ..............................................................................................................................11
2.1 ...................... 11
2.1.1 ........................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 ......................................................... 14
2.1.3.1 ............................................................................15
2.1.3.2 ................................................................................................17
2.1.3.3 ........................................................20
2.1.4 Thiele-Small ....................................................... 23
2.1.4.1 ......................................................................................................23
2.1.4.2 Thiele/Small ....................................................24
2.1.4.3 .............................................................................................26
2.1.4.4 ................................................................................................28

6
 2.1.4.5 ........................................31
2.2 ................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.1 ........................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.1.1 ..................................................................35
2.2.1.2 (Q) ..................................35
2.2.1.3 .........................36
2.2.1.4 ..................................................38
2.2.1.5 .............................................39
2.2.1.5.1 ............................39
2.2.1.5.2 ....................................................................................40
2.2.1.5.3 ....................................................41
2.2.2 (bass reflex) ............... 42
2.2.2.1 .....................43
2.2.2.2 ........................................................................43
2.2.2.3 .............................................................................................................44
2.2.2.4 ...............................45
2.2.2.5 ...............................................................................................46
2.2.2.6 ................................................................48
2.2.2.7 ............50
2.2.2.8 .............................................................................................50
2.2.3 ........................................................................................... 52
2.2.3.1 ..................................................................................................52
2.2.3.2 ..................................................................54
2.3 (BL) .................................. 54
2.3.1 ........................................................................................... 54
2.3.2 ........................................... 58
2.3.2.1 ...................................................................................................58
2.3.3 .................................................................................. 62
2.3.3.1 ...................................................................................62
2.4.1 sub-woofer ....................................................................................................... 65
2.4.2 ....................................... 66
2.4.3 ...... 67

7
 2.4.4 ......................................... 68
2.4.5 ........ 69
2.4.5.1 ......................................................................70
2.4.5.2 ............................................................................70
2.4.5.3 ..........................................................................71
2.4.6 ........................................................................................................................ 71
3 ................................................................................................................................72
............................................................................72
3.1 ..................................................................................................................... 72
3.2 ..................................................................................................... 79
3.2.1 S1 117Hz .................................... 79
3.2.2 S2 77Hz ...................................... 83
3.2.3 S3 37 Hz ..................................... 87
3.3 .................................................................................................. 92
3.3.1 S1 .................................................................................................. 92
3.3.2 S2 .................................................................................................. 96
3.3.3 S3 .................................................................................................. 99
4 ..............................................................................................................................105
.....................................................................................105
............................................................................................................................................. 105
4.1 S1 ........................................................................................................ 105
4.2 S2 ........................................................................................................ 111
4.3 S3 ........................................................................................................ 116
4.4 .......................................................................................... 122
5 ..............................................................................................................................125
........................................................................................................................125
5.1
Bl ........................................................................................................ 125
5.2
......................... 126
5.3 ........................................... 127
5.4 .......... 130
5.5 ................................. 131

8
 6 ..............................................................................................................................133
...........................................................................................................................133
.............................................................................................................................135

[1].

.

.
Bl,
[2],[3].

. Ronald M. Aarts
[4].

40Hz.
,
, 20Hz 140Hz
[1].
.
.

9
 :

,
.
,
[1].
.

.

.

.

.

[1].
,
.

,
.

,

.

37Hz.

,

.

, ,
.

, .

10
 2
2.1

.
,
( -),
).


,
, .

2.1.1

. ,
[5].

,
,

, (Electro acoustic
Transducers). ,
, (
).

11

,
...

- -
( ,

,
()
,
...)

( )
( HXEIO )

.C 2-20
40-100
V 10- dB-SPL
20 kHz ()
()

2.1.1 /.

2.1.1

,
2.1.2 :

,
, ,
.

,
.

,
.

-,

[6].

12
 2.1.2 .

2.1.2

,
.
,
. 2.1.3
,
(.. )
( ).
(t) V(t).
Laplace , f(t)
u(t). ,
u(t),
I(t) V(t) ,
f(t) [5].

13
 I Bl:1 u

Ze Zm

V f

2.1.3 -.

,
(Tesla). ,
l .
,
.

(
Laplace Lenz ) :

f Z M u BlI (Newton) (2.1.1)

V Z E I Blu (Volts) (2.1.2)

2.1.3

m: - (kg)

k: (N/m)

Rm: , (Ns/m)

Ro: (ohm)

Lo: (H)

14
 ,
.

2.1.3.1

.
.

. 40,64 cm (16)
850 Hz.

,
3- 5 %,
25 50%.

.
, .

.

Ro Lo

Iak
Cea

V Lem Rem Cem

Rea Lea

Zei Zmi
Ztot

2.1.4 (free air).

[ 2.1.4]
2 .1.3, ,
LEA. LEA
,
( impedance matching).
.
[5]:

15
 T2
Rem (2.1.3)
Rm

m
Cem (2.1.4)
T2

T2
Lem (2.1.5)
k

T2
Rea (2.1.6)
p c Sd

p R Sd
Cea (2.1.7)
2T 2

:

2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z mi 2 j (2.1.8)
Z re Lem
2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z ei Ro j Lo j (2.1.9)
Z re Lem
2 2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

Ztot Ro Re Z p j ( Lo I m Z p ) (2.1.10)

16
 ReV pa 2 I mV pa 2 2 ReV pa I mV pa
Wak j (2.1.11)
Rea Rea

| Wak | pc
P (2.1.12)
4 2

P
SPL 20 log( ) Pref= 210-5Pa (2.1.13)
Pref

TI tot
u
Z mi (2.1.14)

du u ( j )
x(t ) x( j ) (2.1.15)
dt j

a(t ) u(t ) j a( j) (2.1.16)

2.1.3.2

2.1.3.1

.

2.1.5
.

17
 2.1.5 .

Ro Lo

Iak
Cea
V Lem Rem Cem
Rea

Zei Zmi
Ztot

2.1.6 closed box

Lea
.

p 8 R Sd
Cea (2.1.17)
T 2 3
[ 2.1.6]
[5]:

18
 2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z mi j (2.1.18)
Z re Lem
2 2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z ei Ro j Lo j (2.1.19)
Z re Lem
2 2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

Ztot Ro Re Z p j ( Lo I m Z p ) (2.1.20)

ReV pa 2 I mV pa 2 2 ReV pa I mV pa
Wak j (2.1.21)
Rea Rea

| Wak | pc
P (2.1.22)
4 2

P
SPL 20 log( ) Pref= 210-5 (2.1.23)
Pref

TI tot
u
Z mi (2.1.24)

du u ( j )
x(t ) x( j ) (2.1.25)
dt j

19
a(t ) u(t ) j a( j) (2.1.26)

2.1.3.3

1930 Thuras.

,
[ 2.1.7].
( Helmholtz)

.
.

2.1.7 Bass Reflex.

20

(vented box) (ported box)
, (passive radiator)
(transmission line).
(
), .

Ro Lo

Cea
Lb
Cea
Rea
V Lem Rem Cem Cea

Rea Rea

Zmi
Zei
Ztot

2.1.8 Bass reflex

[ 2.1.8]
[5]:

T 2 Vb
LB (2.1.27)
pc 2 Sd 2

p8RpSd 2
Cea ' (2.1.28)
T 2 3 Sp

T 2 Sp
Rea ' (2.1.29)
p c Sd 2

21
 -

T2
R ea '' (2.1.30)
Sd 2 RAdp

Sd 2 LAdp
Cea '' (2.1.31)
T2
Sp Sp
RAdp pc LAdp pg .
Sd 2 g 2 Sd 2 g 2

2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z mi 2 j (2.1.32)
Z re Lem
2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

2 R e m Lem 2 R e m Lem Z re
Z ei Ro j Lo j (2.1.33)
Z re Lem
2 2 2
Z re 2 2 Lem 2

Ztot Ro Re Z p j ( Lo I m Z p ) (2.1.34)

Wak1 ( Re I ak12 I m I ak12 ) Rea (2.1.35)

Wak 2 ( Re I ak 2 2 I m I ak 2 2 ) Rea ' (2.1.36)

22
 | Wak1 | pc
p1 (2.1.37)
4 r 2

| Wak 2 | pc
p2 (2.1.38)
4 r 2

ptot p12 p2 2 (2.1.39)

ptot 2 4 r 2
Waktot (2.1.40)
pc

1m dB (SPL)

ptot
SPL 20log( ) (2.1.41)
pref

2.1.4 Thiele-Small

2.1.4.1

Thiele/Small [7], [8], [9],

.
specification sheets
.

,

23
 ,
(cone break up).

, ,
,
, ( )
. ,


(backwards).

.

Thiele/Small A. Neville Thiele (Australian

Broadcasting Commission) RichardH. Small (University of Sydney),
.

Thiele/Small
:

Sd: (m2)

Mms: -
( ) (kg)

Cms : ( ) (m/N)

Rms : , (Ns/m)

Le : (mH)

Re : DC (ohm)

Bl : x , (Tm)

Thiele/Small
.

, Thiele/Small.
fundamental T/S, .

2.1.4.2 Thiele/Small

1
FB (Hz) (2.1.42)
2 Cab M av

24

, .
Fs

.

M ms Re
Qe s (2.1.43)
Bl 2
.
, .
(Back EMF)
.

.

M ms
Qm s (2.1.44)
Rms

,
. Qm .

.

QeQm
Qt (2.1.45)
Qe Qm

.
Qt
.

Vas pc 2 Sd 2Cms (m3) (2.1.46)

.

.

25
2.1.4.3

[ 2.1.9]
,
.
.

.

.

.

2.1.9 .

(low frequency approximation)

.

.

26
 Ras Cas Mas

Rae Ud

Eg Bl
Re Sd

2.1.10
[5].

[ 2.1.10]
Thiele/Small :

j
( )2
s
G ( j ) (2.1.47)
j
( )
j s
( )
2
1
s Qt

Qm j
1 ( )
Qe s
Z tot (2.1.48)
j
( )
j
Qm (( ) 2 s 1)
s Qm

27
 us G ( j )
Ud (2.1.49)
j
s

G ( j )
Xs (2.1.50)
j
( )2
s

Eg
xd Xs (2.1.51)
s Qe Bl

Pa pas | G( j ) |2 (2.1.52)

e es | G( j ) |2 (2.1.53)

2.1.4.4
:

Vab (m3)

(Compliance ratio)

Vas
(2.1.54)
Vab

Vab
Cab (2.1.55)
pc 2 S d 2

28
 -

Cas
Cac (2.1.56)
1

Fc Fs 1 (2.1.57)

Qec Qe 1 (2.1.58)

Qmc Qm 1 (2.1.59)

Qtc Qt 1 (2.1.60)

(low frequency approximation)

.

.

(low frequency) ,

.
,

Bl
Sd.
,
.

29
 Ras Cas Mas

Rae Uo
Eg Bl
Cab
Re Sd

2.1.11
[5].

[ 2.1.11]
Thiele/Small [9]:

j
( )2
c
G ( j ) (2.1.61)
j
( )
j c
( )2 1
c Qtc

Qmc j
1 ( )
Qec c
Z tot
j (2.1.62)
( )
j 2 c
Qmc (( ) 1)
c Qmc

30
 us G ( j )
Ud (2.1.63)
j
c

G ( j )
Xs (2.1.64)
j
( )2
c

Eg
xd Xs (2.1.65)
cQec Bl

Pa pas | G( j ) |2 (2.1.66)

e es | G( j ) |2 (2.1.67)

2.1.4.5

31
 L 0.61a p 0.85a p
M ap p (2.1.68)
Sp

0.23
M a2 (2.1.69)
ap

( M ap M a 2 )
M av
N (2.1.70)

1
Fb (2.1.71)
2 Cab M av

(tuning ratio)

Fb
h (2.1.72)
Fs

Qb bCab Ral (2.1.73)

Ral .
.
. Qb=10.

(low frequency approximation)

.

.

32
 Ras Cas Mas

Rae Ub Up

Eg Bl Cab Mav

Re Sd

2.1.12
[5].

[ 2.1.12]
Thiele/Small [7], [8]:

j 2
( )
s
G ( j ) h2
j 4
( )
s j 3 1 1 j 2 1 1 j 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ) ( )( 2 ) 1
h2 s h2Qm hQb s h 2 hQbQm s hQb Qm
(2.1.74)

33
 j j j
( ) ( )2 ( )
Q
1 m s ( s2 s 1)
Qe Qm h hQb
Z tot
j
( )4
s j 1 1 j 1 1 j 1 1
( )3 ( ) ( ) 2 (1 2 ) ( ) 1
h 2
s 2
h Qm hQb s h hQbQm s hQb Qm
(2.1.75)

us G ( j )
Ud (2.1.76)
j
s

Fs 2 Fs
X s | h2 ( ) h4 ( )4 | | G( j ) | (2.1.77)
f f

Eg
xd Xs (2.1.78)
s Qe Bl

Pa pas | G( j ) |2 (2.1.79)

e es | G( j ) |2 (2.1.80)

34
2.2

2.2.1

2.2.1.1

.

[6].

,
,
.


, [6].

2.2.1.2 (Q)

.
(Q),
.
[ 2.2.1].

[ .1]. Q
,
, .
0,8
. Q=0,5
,
0,5 0,6 .
1,2 [10].

35
 2.2.1
[10].

2.2.1.3

1. (Hz).

2. .

3. (L).

4. (mm).

5. (m2).

6. , Sd x Xmax.

36

.

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

.2 .11 :

2.2.4

-3dB:

2.2.5

2.2.6

. :

1. .
2. .
3. 10%

4. crossover.
5. ( ).

37

. ,
0.707.
0.707
[11].

2.2.1.4
Thiele/small
,
1W
,
.

25C
250C .

.
, 250C,

Watt [12].

,
[ 2.2.2].

2.2.2 [12].

38
2.2.1.5

2.2.1.5.1

. [13],
0.7 -3dB 35Hz.
8dB 24Hz [ 2.2.3].
24Hz 38.5dB/octave [2.2.4].

. 20W
group delay .

,
[13].

2.2.3 [13].

39
 2.2.4
( ) ( ) [13].

2.2.1.5.2

. 2.2.1
75% ,
.

SPL f3 SPL
Mmd Qms Qes Qts fs (Hz) (dB) Qtc (Hz) (dB)
47g 2,86 0,5 0,43 22,5 87 0,7 35 87,9
80g 3,67 0,65 0,55 17,5 82,7 1 25 84,9

2.2.1
[13].

40
 , (Q) ,
.

-3dB, f3.

,
,
.
, [13]
3%,
15% .
.
,
.
,
,

[13].

2.2.1.5.3

,
,
.

[Benson Von Recklinghausen]

. [Tom
Nousaine] ,
Qm,
7 10. ,

41
 3 5,
.

2.2.7

2.2.7

fc - ().

.
.
, ,
15% .
180 [13].

2.2.2
(bass reflex)

/
.

,
.
, .
,
,
.
3dB
[14].

42
2.2.2.1

,

Q.

1 f 3.
0,7 1,5

.
, 20%
1 [14].

2.2.2.2

, ,
, ,

, .
,
0,2 0,5 .

,

. (dust caps)
,

.
, , [14].

43
2.2.2.3

(alignments)
,
, .
.

, .
[Thiele]
, .

.

,
[14].

0,4
.

1. - boom box(Super Boom Box, SBB4) [Bullock]

,
.
boom box .
2. -Chebyshev (SC4) Chebyshev
.
.
SBB4 ,
.
3. Quasi (QB3)
, f 3
.
.
4. , :
a. Butterworth (B4).
b. Bessel (BE4).
c. Butterworth (4).

.
. BE4
.

44
 QB3
[14].

.
, f 3
. :

1. Chebyshev, (C4)
1dB [Van Leeuwen 1956]
2. Boom Box (4) [Hoge],


( 1,2) .
3. - Quasi-Butterworth (SQB3) QB3
[R.bullock, Speaker Builder 3/81]

, ,

.

,
. ,

, . ,

.
[14].

2.2.2.4

.
:

, fs .

, Qts.
, Vas.

45
 , Xmax.
, Sd.
, Vd= Sd x Xmax

,
[14].

.12 .21
.

2.2.2.5

: (QL),
(QA), (Qp).
[ 2.8]

2.2.8

,

.
,
[ 2.2.5].
,
, .

,
QL=7.
, . ,
[dickason].
, , [ 2.2.6]
[14].

46
 2.2.5
[14].

2.2.6
[14].

47
2.2.2.6

, ,

.

2.2.9

LV= .

fB= .

VB= .

R= .

,

.
, :

2.2.10

dv= .

fB= .

Vd= .

, .

. ,
.

48
 ,
.

9 1.

, (1980)

(flared).
flared [15] :

.

.


.
flared

.
.

.
,

[ 2.2.7].

2.2.7
[14].

49
2.2.2.7

. ,
,
.

. ,
,
.
[14].

,

.

.

.

2.2.2.8

. [6],
, fB,
.
.

.
. ,

, crossover [14].

50
 2.2.8 [14].

51
2.2.3

2.2.3.1

,

[16].

2.2.9
[17].
/
[ 2.2.2].

0,5dB
5dB
1,5dB
3dB

1,5dB
2dB
2.2.2 [17].

[16],
:

, , ,
.
,
.
,

.
.

,
.

52
 2.2.9 . . .
[16].

53
2.2.3.2

.

,
[16].

,
.
// 1/1,6/2,6
[8].
.

2.3
(BL)

. ,
, .
.
,

[4].

2.3.1

. [18].

2.3.1

{Zin} Zin.

54
H Zrad
[4]:

2.3.2

1 Struve, J1 Bessel k /c.

Struve 2.3.3.

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

f-3dB.

t
:

2.3.6

2%.
.

2.3.7

2.3.1.

55
 2.3.1
[4].

[ 2.3.8]
r , =0
[19]:

2.3.8

V [ 2.3.1],
Ac =0 [ 2.3.1],
.
[ 2.3.8] 0
k.
.

[4].

,
2.3.8, , ,
Hp() :

2.3.9

56


2.3.10

2.3.11

2.3.10 ,

.
2l 2mtRe,
.

=0,
2.3.10 :

2.3.12

2.3.1 2.3.7 :

2.3.13

57
2.3.2

.
,
.
[4].

2.3.2.1

. ,

. ,
[ 2.3.2]
.

, ,
[4].

3c 2.3.1

2.3.1 MM3c [4].

58
 2.3.2 3c
. =1,2 ( ), =5
( ), =22 ( ) [4].

2.3.2
.
,
[4].
,

.
.

[ 2.3.3, 2.3.4]

59
 2.3.3 MM3c
. =1.2 ( ), =5
( ), =22 ( ) [4].

2.3.4 MM3c
. =1.2 ( ), =5
( ), =22 ( )[4].

60
 2.3.13 , [4]:

2.3.14

Rr
2.3.4 2.3.14 [4]:

2.3.15

.
[ 2.3.5]

.

2.3.5 MM3c
. =1.2 ( ), =5 (
), =22 ( ) [4].

61
 2.3.14 :

2.3.16

[4].

2.3.3
,
. .
, 20-120 Hz
,
. ,
.
,
[4].

2.3.3.1
,
[ 2.3.2]. ,
[4],
[ 2.3.6]. ,
10 .
, 40Hz 1W
1m 90dB [
2.3.7]. ,
,
[4], [18].

62
 2.3.6 MM3c 10 .

[4]

2.3.7 MM3c 30x30cm

[4].

63

Laplace, :

2.3.17

=0
:

2.3.18

, , Qc = Qm.
()2/Re
Rm. ,
[4]:

2.3.19

2.3.18 [ 2.3.17],
:

2.3.20

2.3.18 2.3.14 :

2.3.21

2.3.22

2.3.22
Rr
[ 2.3.2]. .

.

Laplace,
, 2.3.18 V=sX :

2.3.23

64
2.4


.
,
, [4]
, .
,
.
,
, 20Hz 150Hz [1].

2.4.1 sub-woofer

20Hz 140Hz.
,
4 [1] [ 2.4.1].

2.4.1 sub-woofer.

65
2.4.2
,
2.4.1,
,
[1] [ 2.4.2].

2.4.2
( ).

2.4.1( ) [1].

66
2.4.3

[4].

[ 2.1.42] [13].

f1=37Hz, f2=77Hz, f3=117Hz.
,
,
2.4.2 [1].

Mm3 [4] [ 2.4.3].
/
[ 2.4.1].

2.4.3
.

[1]

67
2.4.4

,
.
, .

.
-60dB 0,5 sec,
[ 2.4.4] [1].

2.4.4 .

68
2.4.5

,
[1].

, 95 m3 RT60=0,4 sec
1292 m3 RT60=1 sec.

.

[1].

22
.

.
,
, :

1. ,
.
2. .
3. .

, :

1. .
2. .
3. .

69
2.4.5.1
,

73 [ 2.4.5].

2.4.5
.

2.4.5.2

, 89 .
68 [ 2.4.6].

2.4.6
.

70
2.4.5.3

89, 87
68 [ 2.4.7].

2.4.7
.

2.4.6

,

.
,
[1].

, ,

.


(time delay)
.

, ,
, .

71
 3

37Hz, 77HZ 117Hz
.
,
force factor (BL), (Q)
(fs). MM3c
Ronald M. Aarts Phillips[4].

3.1

(close/vented).
Bassbox pro 6 [20]

.

150 Hz, bassbox pro 6 [20]
.
, ,
Bassbox pro 6[20]
.

[21] , [15], [22]
[23],
3c [4].
,
, BL ,


.
bassbox pro 6 [20]

.
3.1, 3.2
.

72
 DC FORCE MECHANICA MOVING
Z Pnom Pmax (2,83v/1m) (Re) FACTOR LQ ELECTRICAL MASS
(,) () Fs (Hz) (W) (W) (db) () (BL) (N/A) (Qms) Q (Qes) TOTAL Q (Qts) (Mms)(g)
HIVI research, M4N 8 69 15 30 82 6,5 3,1 5,39 1,35 1,08 4,8
HIVI research, M3N 8 91 15 30 82 6,5 3 3,57 1,03 0,8 2,6
MONACOR, SP-60/4 4 65 30 60 3,3 2,9 2,1 0,64 0,49 4
MONACOR, SPH-75/8 8 85 15 30 6,2 3,4 3,9 0,65 0,56 2,7
MONAKOR, SPP-110/4 4 53 30 60 3,3 3,3 2,01 0,46 0,37 4,3
VIFA, 10SD 09/08 8 81 85 5,5 3,5 3,4 0,73 0,6 3,2
VISATION, W130S-4 4 49 50 80 87 3,7 3,6 2,58 0,43 0,37 5,4
VISATION, WS13E 8 83 40 60 7,7 3,6 3,52 1,56 1,08 5,1
LPG, 100HMS 96 30 89 6 3,317 2,34 0,79 0,5906 2,4
altec, lansing 108 25 90 6,9 3,78 3,22 0,62 0,5199 1,89
aura, NSW1-205-8A 8 220 5 78 6,3 1,9 2,1 1,1 0,7 0,5
Babb, 414 41,3 50 85,44 3,8 2,51 4,37 1,53 1,13 5,87
Babb, 514 42,5 80 87,9 3,8 2,49 4,93 2,14 1,49 8,92
Bandor, 50AFSW/8 8 65 30 85,1 6,2 2,11 1,67 1,07 0,6 1,3
Bandor, 50ASW/4 4 64 30 85,1 3 1,72 1,74 0,77 0,53 1,51
BM Audio Labs, MB-52XT 77,2 3,8 2,9 4,46 1,43 1,08 6,5
DYNAUDIO, 17W-75 EXT 4 40 130 84 3 3,486 3 0,9 0,6923 14,51
Focal, 5V 412DBL 40,1 55 80 3 1,871 2,391 1,98 1,0831 9,17
3.1

73
 EFFECTIVE VC LINEAR
PISTON EQUIVALENT SPL VC VC INDUCT SUSPENTION EXCURSIO
AREA (Sd) AIR VOLUME (1w/1m) (M) Diameter HEIGHT(m VC (Le) COMPLIANCE(C N (Xmax)
(,) (cm^2) (Vas) (L) (dB) (Kg) (mm) m) Former (mH) ms) (mm/N) (mm)
HIVI research, M4N 53 4,3 0,6 20 CCAV 1,08 3
HIVI research, M3N 30 1,5 0,55 20 CCAW 1172 3
MONACOR, SP-60/4 ALUMI
55 6 90 0,9 25,5 0,2 0,8mm/N 2
NIUM
MONACOR, SPH-75/8 32 1,9 83 0,4 20,5 0,15 1,3mm/N 0,75
MONAKOR, SPP-110/4 ALUMI
55 8 90 0,9 25,5 0,3 1,95mm/N 2
NIUM
VIFA, 10SD 09/08 38 2,5 20 5,1 0,33
VISATION, W130S-4 79 16 87 0,63 25 8,5 0,55 16
VISATION, WS13E 86,5 7,4 86 0,34 20 5,5 0,75 15
LPG, 100HMS 53 4,5 0,001 1,1
altec, lansing 46 3,4 0,001 1,5
aura, NSW1-205-8A 5,31 0,04 0,0523 20,5 3 1155mm/N 1,5
Babb, 414 67 6,06 0,94
Babb, 514 107 12,08 0,74
Bandor, 50AFSW/8 26 2,06 0,06 2,15
Bandor, 50ASW/4 26 2,46 0,56 2,56
BM Audio Labs, MB-52XT 87 7 655 4
DYNAUDIO, 17W-75 EXT 4 12 22 0,17 3
Focal, 5V 412DBL 87 18,2 0,54 2,8

74
3.2
 bassbox
pro 6 [20]
.
(fs) ,

sub woofer .

,
.

M4n HiVi [22]

.

. , thiele-small
SPL , .

3.3 HiVi M4n [23].

75
/ ()
() 8
fs (Hz) 69
Pnom (W) 15

Pmax (W) 30

S (2,83V/1m)(dB) 82
M(kg) 0,6
VC Diameter (mm) 20
H(mm) 9
VC Former CCAD
VC Frame KAPTON
Magnet Former FERRITE
Magnet System SHIELDED
Re () 6,5
Force factor BL (N/A) 3,1

He (mm) 3

Xmax (mm) 3

Cms (Um/N) 1080

Qms 5,39

Qes 1,35
Qts 1,08
Mms(g) 4,8
2
Sd (cm ) 53

Vas(L) 4,3
- SEALED

Vb (L) 4

-3dB F3 (Hz) 70
SPL(1W/1m) (dB) -
(inch) 4
Rm 12,37

3.3 Thiele-Small M4n [23].

76
 3.1 M4n ,
30 . 160 Hz

30
[23].

3.2 M4n [23].

77

peak .

.
,

.

78
3.2

3.2.1 S1 117Hz
M4n bassbox pro 6 [20]

117Hz .

. bassbox pro 6 [20]
moving mass (Mms).
.

Watt.
117 Hz
.

V0=1,224
.
0,214 . 1,01 (0.00101m3). H
:

2.1.55.
kB1 kB1= 3.944,69

ktot1=k+kB1=4.870,92
,
.

4,2
117Hz.

:

mt
Q .

79
 ,
.

2.1.42 4,2gr:

.
2.1.43, 2.1.44 2.1.45:

Qe1=1,95
Qm1=7,38
Qt1=1,54

2.1.46:

Vas1=0,004303 m3

2.1.54 1=4,2604.

2.1.56 Ctot1=0,0002053 m/N.

2.1.57

Fs1=117,08 Hz.
2.1.58, 2.1.59,
2.1.60:

Qe1=4,47

Qm1=16,93

Qtot1=3,53
bassbox pro 6[20]
:

80
 3.3 S1 117 Hz
bassbox pro 6.

3.4 bassbox pro 6.

81
 3.5 (
) ( ) .

117 Hz

. bassbox pro 6 [20]

.
dB
.

82
3.2.2 S2 77Hz

bassbox pro 6
[20] 77 Hz. 1,296
(0,214 L)
1,08 . 77Hz
.
.

12,55gr.


.
.

1,08 (0.00108m3). H
:

2.1.55.
kB2 kB2= 3.689,02

ktot2=k+kB2=4.615,09
,
.

14,9
77Hz.

:

m t
Q .

83
 ,
.
2.1.42 14,9gr:

2.1.43, 2.1.44 2.1.45:

Qe2=2,89
Qm2=10,92
Qt2=2,29

2.1.46:

Vas2=0,004303 m3

2.1.54 2=3,9843.

2.1.56 Ctot2=0,0002167 m/N.

2.1.57

Fs2=77,02 Hz.
2.1.58, 2.1.59,
2.1.60:

Qe1=6,45

Qm1=24,38

Qtot2=5,11

84
 3.6 S2 77 Hz
bassbox pro 6.

3.7 bassbox pro 6.

85
 3.8 (
) ( ) .

86
3.2.3 S3 37 Hz

S3
. 37 Hz
4 .

( 3.9).

sub woofer.

,
. ,

37 Hz.

( 3.10). 37 Hz
.

.

[ 2.2.1.5.3]
,
,
.
7 10. M4n
5,39

.

bassbox pro6 [20]

3,59 .

3,38 (0.00338m3). H :

2.1.55.
kB3 kB3= 1.179,79

87

:

ktot3=k+kB3=2.105,56
,
.

34,15
37Hz. bass box pro6 [20]
17,2gr
2.

:

m t
Q .

,
.

2.1.42 34,15gr:

2.1.43, 2.1.44 2.1.45:

Qe3=4,06
Qm3=15,35
Qt3=3,21

2.1.46:

Vas3=0,004303 m3

88

:

2.1.54 3=1,2742.

2.1.56 Ctot3=0,0004749 m/N.

2.1.57

Fs3=37,00 Hz.
2.1.58, 2.1.59,
2.1.60:

Qe3=6,12

Qm3=23,15

Qtot3=4,84

Bassbox pro6 [20]

fb=9Hz.

[20] 4mm
15mm.

,
bassbox pro6
crossover.
180 F.

bassbox pro 6[20]
, ,
vent.

89
 3.9 3,6
M4n.

3.10 3,6
( ) ( )

90
 3.11
( ) ( ) 180 F.

3.12 3,6
180 F, ( ) ( )
34,15gr .

91
3.3

3.3.1 S1

MDF[.1] 18 mm .
,
117 Hz
,
. MDF 800 Kg/m3
.

. .

.

3.13 .

40 mm
3,5 mm. 35
mm 3 mm.
.
[22]
.
(+)

92
 (-) .
.

3.14 .

. 2 5 mm .
4 mm
. 4 mm 3,5 mm.

.
[ 3.15].

93
 3.15 .

3.16 ().

94
 3.17 .

3.18 .

95
3.3.2 S2
117 Hz.

.
, .
85mm 90mm.
, .
.

3.19 .

96
 3.20 ().

3.21 .

97
 3.22 .

3.23 .

98
3.3.3 S3

,

.
.

.

(
) .

, .
8mm.
,

(). 12mm

.

,
.
, .
5cm
3mm , ,

. 3,5cm 3mm.

MDF[.1] .
MDF ()
[.1]
. 3mm
MDF
. [.2]
MDF.

99
 3.24 .

100
 3.25 () 12mm.

3.26 12mm.

101
 3.27 12mm.

3.28 8mm.

102
 3.29 8mm.

3.30 . . .

103
 3.30. (vent) .
150mm. 1mm,
4mm
() 6mm.
(flared)[ 3.30.].

(1mm).

.

[ 3.30.] 40mm
15mm.
6mm .
40mm
, .

.
.
30mm
[ 3.29] .

,
,
.
.

.

104
 4

.
.
Fourier .
()

.
.
.
(Maximum Length Sequences, MLS)[5].

.
()

Fourier [5].

.
1 Watt[5].

4.1 S1

WIN MLS [24].

near field
.
. 4.1

.
sweep Hz.
Hz
. (Re)
6,4 . watt,
2,2 Volts.

105
 4.1 S1 .

WIN MLS [24]

4.2.

106
 4.2 S1 .

.
1kHz.

150Hz [ 4.2]
.
4,2gr.
117Hz.
3,75gr 8,55gr
89%. blue tack [25]

. 4.3
4.4
.

107
 4.3 S1

4.4 S1 3,75gr.

108
 [ 4.4]
117Hz

.

[ 4.5]
.

.
[ .1]

[5].
,


.

.

BL

.

4.5 (
) 3,75gr ( ).

109
 [ 4.6]

Bassbox pro 6 [20].

.
117Hz
(Q) .

4.6 bassbox pro

6 ( ) ( )

,
97Hz 140Hz,
.

bassbox pro 6 [20] Thiele-small.
.

110
4.2 S2
S2 .
Watt
(Re) 6,4 2,2V.
sweep 10 Hz 200 Hz.

.

4.7 S2 .

4.8 .
S1 S2
. S2 0,07
S1. 4.8
143Hz.

111
 4.8 S2
.

blue
tack [25].
. 14,9gr
12,7gr.
77Hz. 4.9
4.10
.

112
 4.9 S2 12,7gr
.

4.10 S2 12,7gr
.

113
 [ 4.11]
. ,
S1.
95Hz
.
[ .1]
,
. 95Hz
,
S2
57Hz 97Hz 97 S1
.

4.11 (
) 12,7gr ( ).

114
 4.12
. bassbox
pro6 [20]

.
12,7gr
185%.
Thiele Small.

4.12 bassbox
pro6 ( ) ( ).

115
4.3 S3
37Hz ,

.
6,4 2,2V,
.
sweep Hz.

[ 4.13] ,
. 110 Hz
(Q) .

4.13 S3
.

116
 180 F
150F 30F.
[ 4.14] 87Hz
.
(Q)

.

4.14 S3
180F.

37Hz.
31,05 gr 17,2gr
bassbox pro6 [20] .

37Hz .
3.2.3 34,15gr,

117
. 4,8gr
35,85gr 373%
bassbox pro 6
[20].

,
,
31,05gr
180F [ 4.15]

[ 4.15]
.
10dB .

, .
39Hz.
[ .1]

.

4.15 S3 31,05gr
.

118
,
[ 4.16]. 37Hz
[ 4.15] 3dB
.

(Q).

4.16 S3 180F
31,05gr .

[ 4.16]
S3.
,
.

119

,
150 Hz.
.


, . ,
100Hz .
2Hz
3dB
, (DC)
.

4.16 S3 ,
(), 180F (), 31,05gr
(),
().

120
 4.17
bassbox pro6 [20] .

.

bassbox pro 6[20], .

,
,
.

60Hz
77Hz,

.

4.17
bassbox pro6 ( ) ( ).

121
4.4

. S3
. S2
S1.

.

(S2) 80cm.


[ 2.4.3].

NUENDO [26]

.

S3
. S2
2,2ms S1
5ms.

.
S3 60Hz crossover
NUENDO [26]. S2
50Hz 110Hz S1
90Hz 200Hz.
crossovers

, .

. S3 1,57dB,
S2 S1 8,21dB.

122

.

4.18
.

[ 4.19]
[ 4.18].
.
77Hz

.

[ 4.19]
3dB 77Hz 117Hz.
60Hz
. 45Hz
, S3

123

, .
190Hz
S1 crossover.
crossovers

50Hz 110Hz.

4.19
() ().

124
 5

5.1
Bl

[4].

,
[2], [4]. ,
() ,
()
. ,
,
[2].
40z
,
20Hz 140Hz.
37Hz, 77Hz 117Hz [1].

.
,
.
,
.
.

'
.

.


[4]. MM3c [4]
Ronald Aarts.

125
5.2


sub-woofers
, MM3c [4]
.

,

.

, [22]
,
MM3c [4]
. M4n [22]
(69Hz) MM3c (43Hz).

MM3c [4]
M4n [22]:

1. .
MM3c
( ).

.
,
.
37Hz, 77Hz 117Hz
373%, 185% 89%.
80%.
2.
MM3c 8,
4 .
3.
. MM3c 90dB

,

.
4.
,
-
, ,

126

[2], [4].
5. S3,

69Hz, MM3c
43Hz.
6. S3 .



,
[ 5.4].

5.3

,
. 1 Watt
,
.

.

S3
, . ,
, ,
.

37Hz ,
, S3
.

4.18 4.19 .

[ 4],
4.4.

(
37Hz )

127
 . ,
.

,

sweep ,
.
5.1

.

(setup)


sweep.
6
.
.
5,33 6.

. S1 S2,

,
, .
S3,
.

1Watt 3,12V
5.2

/ ( ,
, ),
4.4.

128
 5.1 .

5.2 .

129
5.4

5.1.
,
.
,
(coupling)
.

, 6,2
8 BL 8
. 3,6 , 1,3
1,22 37Hz, 77Hz 117Hz .
, 5.1

. ,

( )
.

(home cinema)

. ,

,
.

. sub-
woofers
.

[ 5.2, 6 ]

[ 2.2.2.6].

130

,
( )
.

.
home-cinema DSP (digital signal processing)
.

sub-woofer
.

.

.

5.5

:
1.

.
2. 2.4.5
.
3.
(
BL),
( .).
4.
(.. ).
.

131
1. .
2.
.
3.
.
4.



.
.

132
 6

1. Analysis of low frequency audio reproduction. ,

. : s.n., 2008. 2008.

2. R.M.Aarts, O. Ouweltjes , D.W.E. Schobben. Audio Frequency Range Adaptation.

WO2005027569 9 September 2003.

3. Aarts, R.M. High Efficiency Audio Transducer. WO2005027568 9 September 2003.

Loudspeaker.

4. Ronald M Aarts. High-Efficiency Low Bl Loudspeakers. Netherlands : s.n., 2005.

5. , . 1. : , 2007.

6. Dickason, Vance. Lounspeaker Design Cookbook. 7. USA : Audio Amateur Press, 2006a.

7. Small, R.H. Vented Box Loudspeaker Systems. 1973.

8. Thiele, A.N. Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes, Part I and II. 1971.

9. R.H.Small. Closed Box Loudspeaker Systems. 1973.

10. Dickason, Vance. Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006b. .
29-33. ISBN 1-882580-47-8.

11. . Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006c. . 35-36.

12. . Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006d. . 39.

13. . Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006e. . 50-53.

14. . Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006f. . 61-75.

15. Harman International Industries,Inc. jbl Web Site. [] jbl. http://uk.jbl.com.

16. Dickason, Vance. Loudspeaker Design Cookbook. s.l. : Audio Amateur Press, 2006g. .
105-113.

17. H.Olson. Gradient Loudspeakers. 1972.

18. Maximum Efficiency of DirectRadiator Loudspeakers. D.B.Keele, Jr. 1991. 3193.

19. Olson, H.F. Acoustical Engineering. NJ : Van Nostrand, 1957.

133
20. Harris Technologies, Inc. HARRISTECK Web site. [] http://www.ht-audio.com.

21. Fredriksson, Jan. ThieleSmall.com. The Thiele-Small Loudspeaker Database.

[] September 2003. http://www.thielesmall.com/database.asp.

22. HiVi Corporation. HiVi Cirporation Web site. [] 2006. [: 22

2012.] http://www.swanspeaker.com.

23. Europe Audio. [] http://www.europe-audio.com/.

24. Mosfet Sound Development. WinMLS Web site. [] 1996.

http://www.winmls.com.

25. Blu-tack. Blu-tack Web site. [] Bostik. http://www.blutack.com/index.html.

26. Lohmann, Ole. Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. Steinberg Media Technologies
GmbH Web site. [] 2012. http://www.steinberg.net.

27. Heijligers, Marc. HifiVoice. [] 2006. http://homepage.mac.com/marc.heijligers/.

134

.1

(M.D.F.) http://www.woodman.gr/el/industrial-products/plywood-wbp

M.D.F.
( ) ,
.

M.D.F. .

M.D.F. : 122 305, 185 305 183 366 (mm X

mm) : 4, 7, 8, 16, 19mm.

M.D.F. (
M.D.F.) , , , , ...,
.

M.D.F. : 122 X 305, 185 X 305 183 X 366

(mm X mm) : 4, 7, 9, 17, 23, 26, 31mm.

.2

http://www.woodman.gr/el/industrial-products/plywood-wbp

, .
.
.
( )
.

,
, .

: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20 ,25, 30, 40mm

: 122 x 244, 122 x 250, 125 x 250 (mm x mm).

.
.
W.B.P. (weather and boil
proof)
.

, filme
( ) .

135
Qtc

0.5

0.577 delay

0.707

,
1/2

.1
.

136


.2 .3 .4

137
 .5 .6 .7

138
 .8 .9 .10

139
 .11

140


.12 .13 .14

141
 .15 .16 .17

142
 .18 .19 .20

143
 .21

.1

144