Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi PDF

TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.
HCM
TRUNG TAM CONG NGHE IEN
)- -(
GIAO TRNH MON HOC
MITSUBISHI
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS
BIEN SOAN : LE HOANG VINH *AO DUY KHNG

VO TH ANH TUYET *TRAN TH THU THUY
TAI BAN THANG 07 NAM 2006

LU HANH NOI BO
LI NOI AU
Trong nhng nam gan ay, bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC c s dung ngay
cang rong rai trong cong nghiep nc ta nh la mot giai phap ieu khien ly
tng cho viec t ong hoa cac qua trnh san xuat. Cung vi s phat trien cua
cong nghe may tnh, Hien nay bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC hay CPU at c
nhng u the c ban trong ng dung ieu khien cong nghiep ap ng yeu cau
ieu khien va giam sat he thong san xuat t n gian en phc tap vi o tin cay
cao. PLC (Programmable logic controller) la mot may tnh thu nho nhng vi cac
tieu chuan cong nghiep cao va kha nang lap trnh logic manh PLC la au nao
quan trong va linh hoat trong ieu khien t ong hoa ien cong nghiep. Trong
nhng nha may san xuat t ong hoa hien nay, nhieu cap o khac nhau,
phng thc ieu khien giam sat (SCADA supervisory control and data
acguisition ) c ap dung de dang vi cac phan t ieu khien chap hanh gom
toan bo cac bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC)
Mon PLC thuoc trung tam t ong hoa ien cong nghiep cua TRUNG TAM
CONG NGHE IEN TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.HCM la mon
hoc khai thac s dung cac bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC), qua o gii thieu cac
ngon ng lap trnh logic phng phap lap trnh cong nghe va cac ng dung m
rong nham cung cap cac kien thc c ban ve PLC cho sinh vien e tiep can s
ieu khien t ong hoa trong cac nha may san xuat hien ai, gop phan trong cong
cuoc cong nghiep hoa hien ai hoa cua at nc .
Giao trnh nay cung cap mot so kha canh cua bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC)
da tren qua trnh tm hieu ve bo PLC FX1N thuoc ho FX cua hang Mitsubishi
electric. Qua o giup cho sinh vien, hoc sinh co nhng khai niem c ban ve ieu
khien t ong hoa dung PLC trong cong nghiep, trnh bay mot so lenh c ban chu
yeu ve tap lenh cua PLC Mitsubishi electric, cach cai at, s dung cac lenh e tao
ra chng trnh ieu khien va cach s dung phan mem FXGPWIN va phan mem
mo phong FX TRAINING BEG E. Ngoai ra con co nhieu bai tap a c giai
ap va nhieu bai tap m rong giup cho sinh vien hoc sinh phat trien ky nang can
thiet trong viec lap trnh PLC.
Qua qua trnh bien soan giao trnh nay chac chan con co nhieu thieu sot.
Chung toi mong nhan c nhng y kien ong gop xay dng cua quy Thay Co
ong nghiep va sinh vien hoc sinh e giao trnh nay c hoan thien hn, xin
chan trong cam n.
MUC LUC
LI NOI AU
MUC LUC
Chng 1: GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC. 2

I. Lich s ra i va phat trien cua PLC. 2
II. Khai quat ve bo lap trnh PLC. 3
III. Cau Truc phan cng PLC cua ho FX . 5
IV. Gii thieu cac PLC ho FX Family 6
Chng 2: CAC THIET B VA LENH C BAN 11

A. khai niem 11
I. Khai niem ve mot chng trnh.. 11
II. Cac khai niem c ban dung trong lap trnh 11
III. Cach oc Logic cua chng trnh Ladder. 12
B. Cac tap lenh c ban cua lap trnh ladder va instruction.. 13
Chng 3: KY THUAT LAP TRNH STEP LADDER 28

I. Khai niem ve lap trnh STL.. 28
II. Khi ong va ket thuc chng trnh STL.. 28
III. Lap bc gia cac trang thai cua chng trnh STL 29
IV. Cau truc cua mot bc trong chng trnh STL.. 30
Chng 4: HNG DAN S DUNG PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-E... 31

I. Gii thieu .. 31
II. Giao dien phan mem FXTRN-BEG - E 34
III. Gii thieu Giao dien chng trnh FXTRN-BEG - E 35
IV. Phng phap lap trnh FXTRN-BEG - E . 37
V. Bai tap ng dung phan mem FX-TRN-BEG E 42
Chng 5: CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONG PLC FXTRN-BEG-E ... 43

I. Cac dang bai tap... 43
II. Bai giai tham khao cac bai tap trong FXTRN-BEG - E 46
1. Bai tap A3.... 46
2. Bai tap B1,B2.... 48
3. Bai tap B3.... 50
4. Bai tap B4.... 52
5. Bai tap C1,2.... 54
6. Bai tap C4.... 56
7. Bai tap D1.... 57
8. Bai tap D2.... 59
9. Bai tap D3.... 61
10. Bai tap D4,5....64
11. Bai tap D6.... 67
12. Bai tap E1.... 70
13. Bai tap E2.... 72
14. Bai tap E3.... 74
15. Bai tap E4.... 75
16. Bai tap E5.... 77
17. Bai tap E6.... 79
18. Bai tap F1.... 81
19. Bai tap F2.... 84
20. Bai tap F3.... 88
21. Bai tap F4.... 91
22. Bai tap F5.... 92
23. Bai tap F6.... 95
24. Bai tap F7.... 98
Chng 6: S DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WIN E... 101

I. Gii thieu .. 101
II. Phan mem FXGP-WINE 102
III. Cac bc lap mot chng trnh mi.. 109
IV. Phng phap lap trnh. 109
V. Bai tap ng dung phan mem FXGP-WINE.. 112
Chng 7: LA CHON, LAP AT VA KIEM TRA... 121

BAO TR HE THONG PLC
I. Xem xet s kha thi ... 121
II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC . 121
III. To chc bo tr phan cng he thong 123
IV. Chay th chng trnh .. 124
V. Lap tai lieu cho he thong . 125
VI. Bao tr he thong PLC.. 125
GIAO TRNH MON HOC
PLC
MITSUBISHI
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS
Chng I
GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC

I . LCH S RA I VA PHAT TRIEN CUA PLC
T ong ngay cang ong vai tro quan trong trong i song va cong nghiep. Ngay
nay, nganh t ong a phat trien en trnh o cao nh nhng tien bo cua ly thuyet
ieu khien t ong, tien bo cua nhng nganh khac nh ien t, tin hoc Nhieu he
thong ieu khien a ra i, nhng phat trien manh va co kha nang phuc vu rong la bo
ieu khien PLC.
Khai niem bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC la y tng cua nhom ky s hang General
Motors vao nam 1968, va ho a e ra cac ch tieu ky thuat nham ap ng nhng yeu
cau ieu khien nh sau :
y De lap trnh va thay oi chng trnh ieu khien, s dung thch hp trong cac
nha may cong nghiep.
y Cau truc dang Module de m rong, de bao tr va sa cha.
y am bao o tin cay trong moi trng san xuat cua cac nha may cong nghiep.
y S dung cac linh kien ban dan nen phai co kch thc nho gon hn mach role
ma chc nang van tng ng.
y Gia ca canh tranh.
Nhng ch tieu nay a tao c s quan tam cua nhng ky s thuoc nhieu nganh
nghien cu kha nang ng dung PLC trong cong nghiep. Cac ket qua nghien cu a
a ra them mot so cac ch tieu can phai co trong chc nang cua PLC :
a) Ve phan mem :
T cac lenh logic n gian c ho tr them cac lenh ve tac vu nh th, tac vu
em. Sau o la cac lenh ve x ly toan hoc, x ly bang d lieu, x ly xung toc o
cao, tnh toan so lieu thc 32 bit, x ly thi gian thc, oc ma vach
b) Ve phan cng :
y Bo nh ln hn.
y So lng ngo vao, ngo ra nhieu hn.
y Nhieu loai module chuyen dung hn.
en nam 1976 th PLC co kha nang ieu khien cac ngo vao, ngo ra t xa bang
ky thuat truyen thong ( khoang 200 met ).
S gia tang nhng ng dung cua PLC trong cong nghiep a thuc ay cac nha san
xuat hoan chnh ky thuat cua cac ho PLC vi mc o khac nhau ve kha nang toc o
x ly va hieu suat.
Cac ho PLC phat trien t loai lam viec oc lap, ch vi 20 ngo vao / ra va dung
lng bo nh chng trnh khoang 500 bc, en cac ho PLC co cau truc module
nham lam de dang hn cho viec m rong them chc nang chuyen dung nh :
y X ly tn hieu lien tuc.
y ieu khien ong c Servo, ong c bc.
y Truyen thong.
y Bo nh m rong.
Vi cau truc module cho phep m rong hay nang cap mot he thong ieu khien
PLC vi chi ph va cong sc thap nhat.
Rieng nc ta, hang rao thue quan khu vc ang dan dan c loai bo, kinh te
m ca hp tac vi nc ngoai. Trc tnh hnh o, nen cong nghiep se gap khong t
kho khan v con kha nhieu day chuyen cong nghe lac hau. Nha nc can phai chu
trong en nhng ng dung va phat trien cua t ong trong san xuat cong nghiep,
nham nang cao nang suat, chat lng san pham, cung nh gia thanh san pham ha.
Mot trong nhng phng an tot nhat va c s dung rong rai ngay nay la thay the
nhng cong nghe cu bang nhng he thong ieu khien t ong dung PLC.
II .KHAI QUAT VE BO LAP TRNH PLC

Trong ky thuat t ong, ieu khien c chia lam hai loai : ieu khien bang day
noi, va ieu khien bang bo lap trnh PLC.
1. ieu khien bang day noi :
Cac bo ieu khien c goi la bo ieu khien day noi neu cac phan t chuyen
mach cua no c noi vi nhau bang day dan co nh mot cach vnh vien.
VD : mach ieu khien sau
Trong ky hieu tren, o la bo ieu khien bang day noi dung e noi ket cac nut
nhan va cac phan t chuyen mach la cac tiep iem vi nhau bang day dan song song
hoac noi tiep. Cac cong tac va tiep iem c sap xep vi nhau khi ta a biet ro chc
nang ma bo ieu khien can thc hien, tc phai biet ro s o nguyen ly va v tr khi
tien hanh au day. Mat khac, khi muon thay oi chc nang cua bo ieu khien ta phai
thay oi lai cau truc cung nh s o au day. oi vi nhng mach ien ln phc tap
th s au day tr nen rat kho khan va de b sai sot. Ngoai ra trong cach dung nay can
ton nhieu linh kien nh : role trung gian, role thi gian, bo em
2. ieu khien dung PLC :
PLC la t viet tat cua Programmable Logical Controller ( chng trnh ieu khien
t ong co lap trnh), chng trnh nay c lu tr trong bo nh ROM va c nap
vao thong qua may vi tnh ca nhan.
Trong PLC chc nang bo ieu khien can thc hien se c xac nh bi mot
chng trnh, chng trnh nay c nap vao bo nh PLC. Khi o PLC se thc hien
qua trnh ieu khien da vao chng trnh a c nap san. Cau truc va s o au day
cua bo ieu khien khong phu thuoc vao chc nang hay qua trnh hoat ong.
Tat ca cac linh kien can thiet cho viec thiet ke mach eu c lap trnh san trong
bo PLC nh : sensor, cong tac, nut nhan, te bao quang ien, va tat ca cac c cau chap
hanh nh cuon day, en tn hieu, bo nh th, role trung gian, eu c noi vao PLC.
Neu muon thay oi hay m rong chc nang cua quy trnh cong nghe ta ch can
thay oi chng trnh ben trong bo PLC. ieu nay rat tien ch cho cac ky s thiet ke.
3. Nhng u iem ky thuat cua bo ieu khien PLC :
Ch tieu so sanh Role Mach so May tnh PLC

Gia thanh Kha thap Thap Cao Thap
Kch thc vat ly Ln Rat gon Kha gon Rat gon
Toc o ieu khien Cham Rat nhanh Kha nhanh Nhanh
Kha nang chong nhieu Rat tot Tot Kha tot Tot
Mat thi gian Mat thi gian Lap trnh Lap trnh va
Lap at thiet ke va lap e thiet ke. phc tap va lap at n
at. ton thi gian. gian.
Kha nang ieu khien cac
Khong co Co Co Co
tac vu phc tap.
Thay oi, nang cap va
Rat kho Kho Kha n gian Rat n gian
ieu khien.
Cong tac bao tr Kem Kem Kem Tot
Theo bang so sanh ta nhan thay c bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC vi nhng u
iem ve phan cng va phan mem co the ap ng c hau het cac yeu cau ch tieu
tren. Mat khac, PLC co kha nang ket noi mang va ket noi cac thiet b ngoai vi rat cao
giup cho viec ieu khien c de dang.
4. Pham vi ng dung PLC :

Dung e ieu khien Robot : v du nh gap phoi t bang tai bo qua ban gia cong
cua may CNC, hay ieu khien Robot a vat lieu thiet b vao bang tai, thc hien cac
viec ong hop, dan tem nhan
Ngoai ra, PLC co the ng dung e giam sat cac qua trnh trong cac nha may ma,
day chuyen lap rap linh kien ien t, day chuyen kiem tra san pham bang cac
sensor, cong tac hanh trnh.
ng dung PLC trong cac lnh vc
III . CAU TRUC PHAN CNG PLC HO FX CUA HANG MITSUBISHI
Cau truc cua PLC c phan thanh cac phan nh sau :
1. n v ieu khien trung tam ( CPU : Central Processing Unit )

La bo vi x ly thc hien cac lenh trong bo nh chng trnh. Nhap d lieu
ngo vao, x ly chng trnh, nh chng trnh, x ly cac ket qua trung gian va cac ket
qua nay c truyen trc tiep en c cau chap hanh e thc hien chng trnh xuat d
lieu ra cac ngo ra.
2. Bo nh (Memory) :
Dung e cha chng trnh so lieu, n v nho nhat la bit. Bo nh la vung nam
gi he ieu hanh va vung nh cua ngi s dung (he ieu hanh la mot phan mem he
thong ma no ket noi PLC e PLC thc s hoat ong c).
Co nhieu loai bo nh khac nhau. e PLC co the hoat ong c, can thiet phai
co bo nh e lu tr chng trnh. oi khi can m rong bo nh e thc hien cac chc
nang khac nh
_ Vung em tam thi lu tr trang thai cua cac kenh xuat - nhap c goi la
RAM xuat -nhap.
_ Lu tr tam thi cac trang thai cua cac chc nang ben trong : cac bo nh
th(Timer), cac bo em (Counter), cac Rle.
Bo nh gom co cac loai sau ay :
a) Bo nh ch oc (ROM : Read Only Memory)
ROM khong phai la bo nh kha bien, no co the lap trnh ch c mot lan. Do o
no khong thch hp cho viec ieu khien mem cua PLC, va no t pho bien so vi cac
loai bo nh khac.
b) Bo nh ghi oc (RAM : Random Access Memory)
Bo nh cua PLC la CMOSRAM, tieu ton nang lng kha t, va c cap pin d
phong khi mat nguon. Nh o d lieu se khong b mat.
c) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c (EPROM : Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory)
EPROM lu tr d lieu giong nh ROM, tuy nhien noi dung cua no co the c
xoa i neu b anh hng cua tia t ngoai. Khi o phai viet lai chng trnh cho bo
nh.
d) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c bang ien (EEPROM : Electric
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
Noi dung tren EEPROM co the b xoa va lap trng bang ien, tuy nhien ch gii
han mot so lan nhat nh.
3. Cac Module xuat-nhap ( Input Output ) :

Khoi xuat nhap ong vai tro la mach giao tiep gia vi mach ien t ben trong
PLC vi mach ngoai. Module nhap nhan tn hieu t sensor va a vao CPU, module
xuat a tn hieu ieu khien t CPU ra c cau chap hanh.
Moi hoat ong x ly tn hieu t ben trong PLC co mc ien ap t 5 15 VDC,
trong khi tn hieu ben ngoai co the ln hn nhieu. Ta co nhieu loai ngo ra nh : ngo ra
dung role, ngo ra dung transitor, ngo ra dung triac.
4. He thong BUS : la he thong tap hp mot so day dan ket noi cac module
trong PLC goi la BUS, ay la tuyen dung e truyen tn hieu, he thong gom
nhieu tn hieu song song.
IV. GII THIEU CAC PLC HO FX FAMILY

1. PLC loai FXO & FXOS
ay la loai PLC co kch thc that nho gon, phu hp vi cac ng dung vi so
lng I/O nho hn 30 cong, vi viec s dung bo nh chng trnh bang EEPROM
cho phep d lieu chng trnh c lu lai trong bo nh khi mat nguon ot xuat.
Dong FXO c tch hp san ben trong bo em toc o cao va cac bo tao ngat
(role trung gian), cho phep x ly tot mot so ng dung phc tap.
Nhc iem cua dong FXO la khong co kha nang m rong so lng I/O c
quan ly, khong co kha nang noi mang, khong co kha nang ket noi vi cac module
chuyen dung, thi gian thc hien chng trnh lau.
2. PLC loai FXON
FXON s dung cho cac may ieu khien oc lap hay cac he thong nho vi so
lng I/O co the quan ly nam trong mien 10-128 I/O. FXON thc chat la bc
em trung gian gia FXOS vi FXO. PLC FXON co ay u cac ac trng c ban
cua dong FXOS, ong thi con co kha nang m rong tham gia noi mang.
3. PLC loai FX1S
FX1S co kha nang quan ly so lng I/O trong khoang 10-34 I/O. Cung giong nh
FXOS, FX1S khong co kha nang m rong he thong. Tuy nhien, FX1S c tang
cng them mot so tnh nang ac biet nh: tang cng hieu nang tnh toan, kha
nang lam viec vi cac au vao ra tng t thong qua cac card chuyen oi, cai
thien tnh nang bo em toc o cao, tang cng 6 au vao x ly, trang b them cac
chc nang truyen thong trong mang (gii han so lng tram toi a la 8 tram) hay
giao tiep vi cac bo HMI i kem. FX1S thch hp vi cac ng dung trong cong
nghiep che bien go, ong goi san pham, ieu khien ong c, may moc, hay cac he
thong quan ly moi trng.
4. PLC loai FX1N
a. Gii thieu:
PLC FX1N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra trong
khoang 14-60 I/O. Tuy nhien khi s dung cac module vao ra m rong, FX1N co
the tang cng so lng I/O len ti 128 I/O. FX1N c tang kha nang truyen
thong, noi mang, cho phep tham gia trong nhieu cau truc mang khac nhau nh
Ethernet, Profilebus, cc-Link, Canopen, Devicenet FX1N co the lam viec vi cac
module analog, cac bo ieu khien nhiet o. ac biet, FX1N c tang cng chc
nang ieu khien v tr vi 6 bo em toc o cao, hai bo phat xung au ra vi tan so
ieu khien to a la 100KHz. ieu nay cho phep cac bo ieu khien lap trnh thuoc
dong FX1N co the cung mot luc ieu khien mot cach oc lap hai ong c servo
hay tham gia cac bai toan ieu khien v tr.
b. ac iem:
- C cau may nho gon, chi ph thap, module man hnh va khoi m rong co he
thong de dang nang cap.
- Van hanh toc o cao oi vi lenh c ban toc o x ly t 0,55 en 0,7s/lenh,
oi vi lenh ng dung toc o x ly t 3,7 en vai tram s/lenh.
- ac tnh ky thuat cua bo nhchat lng va phong phu. Bo nh EEPROM cho
phep 8000 bc.
- Day thiet b dung cu a nang nh: role phu tr 1536 iem, bo em th 256
iem, bo em 235 iem, thanh ghi d lieu 8000 iem.
- Nhng module chc nang at biet: co en hai day m rong cua nhng module
chc nang ac biet co the c them vao cho nhng nhu cau rieng.
- Day m rong t cung cap ien: o bien thien m rong cua s cung cap ien
AC co the ap ng s cung cap ien ap t bat ky ni nao tren the gii (100 en
240V AC). S cung cap dong ien DC cung c cho phep t 12 en 24 V DC.
- Qua trnh ieu khien c tang, s dung lenh PID cho nhng he thong oi hoi
s ieu khien chnh xac.
- Kha nang ket noi: Viec thc hien hoan chnh cua nhng module ket noi se lam
cho thong tin va d lieu c cung cap de dang.
- De dang lap at: s dung thanh DIN hoac khoang trong co san.
- ong ho thi gian thc te: S dung tieu chuan ong ho thi gian th te cho
nhng ng dung oc lap ve thi gian.
- Phan men c ban: chng trnh se c chay nhanh chong va de dang vi phan
mem GX Developer hoac FX-PCS/WIN-E Software.
- Tac vu iem ket noi: Tac vu tai iem ket noi rieng biet khi ket noi mot line, ta
co the lien ket vi d lieu a c cung cap qua he thong.
- Bo ien the ke s dung tn hieu Analog: de dang thay oi thiet b nh thi
gian bo ien the ke man hnh pha trc.
- V tr va xung chc nang ngo ra:
PLC co hai ngo ra phat ra xung co tan so 100KHZ cung mot luc.
PLC cung cap 7 v tr lenh truyen ke ca quay tr ve iem zero, oc gia tr
dong ien tuyet oi, hoan thanh hoac phat trien s truyen ong.
- Nang cap he thong bang khoi m rong hoac ket noi module: Bang m rong co
the c s dung e ket noi chc nang truyen thong bang cach dung bo ket noi
tng thch RS-232C, RS-485 hoac RS-422 ket hp vi ngo I/O bang tn hieu
analog hoac tn hieu so.
- Ket noi module co the quang sat qua cach sap xep cac bo nh th, bo em,
thanh ghi d lieu va co the s dung e ket noi vi cac khoi m rong.
- Mang truyen thong: thong tin a dang va ket noi d lieu co the c thc hien
bi s lien ket vi cac khoi m rong hoac cac thiet b tch hp chuyen dung c
s dung cho FX2N.
5. PLC loai FX2N
ay la mot trong nhng dong PLC co tnh nang manh nhat trong dong FX. FX2N
c trang b tat ca cac tnh nang cua dong FX1N, nhng toc o x ly c tang
cng, thi gian thi hanh cac lenh c ban giam xuong c 0.08s. FX2N thch hp
vi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra khoang 16-128 I/O, trong
trng hp can thiet FX2N co the m rong en 256 I/O. Tuy nhien, trong trng
hp m rong so lng I/O len 256, FX2N se lam mat li the ve gia ca va khong
gian lap at cua FX2N. Bo nh cua FX2N la 8kstep, bo nh RAM co the m rong
en 16kstep cho phep thc hien cac bai toan ieu khien phc tap. Ngoai ra, FX2N
con c trang b cac ham x ly PID vi tnh nang t chnh, cac ham x ly so thc
cung ong ho thi gian thc tch hp san ben trong. Nhng tnh nang vt troi tren
cung vi kha nang truyen thong, noi mang noi chung cua dong FX1N a a
FX2N len v tr hang au trong dong FX, co the ap ng tot cac oi hoi khat khe
nhat oi vi cac ng dung s dung trong cac he thong ieu khien cap nho va trung
bnh. FX2N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien s dung trong cac day chuyen
san xuat, x ly nc thai, cac he thong x ly moi trng, ieu khien cac may det,
trong cac day chuyen ong lap rap tau bien.
6. PLC loai FX2NC

Bo ieu khien lap trnh vi kch thc sieu gon, thch hp cho cac ng dung oi
hoi cao ve yeu cau tiet kiem khong gian lap at. FX2NC co au u cac tnh nang
cua FX2N nhng lai tiet kiem en 27% khong gian s dung. Lnh vc ng dung
chu yeu cua FX2NC la dung trong xay dng, trong cac he thong bm hay cac bai
toan ieu khien lien quan en moi trng.
Chng II
CAC THIET B VA LENH C BAN
A. KHAI NIEM
I . KHAI NIEM MOT CHNG TRNH
Chng trnh la mot chuoi cac lenh noi tiep nhau c viet theo mot ngon ng ma
PC co the hieu c. Co 3 dang chng trnh : INSTRUCTION, LADDER, SFC/STL .
_ Instruction : he thong gom nhng dong lenh nhap lien tiep nhau.
_ Ladder : phng phap xay dng chng trnh dang o hoa dung cac ky
hieu logic dang role.
_ SFC / STL : chng trnh dang lu o.
Khong phai tat ca cac cong cu lap trnh eu co the lam viec c vi ca 3 dang
tren. Noi chung bo lap trnh cam tay ch lam viec c vi dang INSTRUCTION,
trong khi hau het cac cong cu lap trnh o hoa se lam viec c vi ca dang
INSTRUCTION va LADDER . Cac phan mem chuyen dung se cho phep lam viec vi
dang SFC.
Dang Instruction Dang Ladder Dang SFC / STL
II . CAC THIET B C BAN DUNG TRONG LAP TRNH

Co 6 thiet b c ban dung trong lap trnh. Moi thiet b co cong dung rieng. e de
dang xac nh th moi thiet b c gan cho mot ky t :
X : dung ch ngo vao vat ly gan trc tiep vao PC.
Y : dung ch ngo ra noi trc tiep t PC.
T : dung e xac nh thiet b nh th co trong PC.
C : dung e xac nh thiet b em co trong PC.
M va S : dung nh la cac c hoat ong ben trong PC.
Tat ca cac thiet b tren c goi la thiet b Bit , ngha la cac thiet b nay co hai
trang thai ON hoac OFF , mc 1 hoac mc 0 ( mc 0 la trang thai tnh mc 1 la
trang thai ong).
III . CACH OC LOGIC CUA CHNG TRNH LADDER

Logic Ladder rat gan vi logic role c ban. Cac cong tac va cuon day c ket noi
va ieu khien theo nhieu dang mach khac nhau, tuy vay, nguyen tac c ban khong co
g khac.
Cuon day co the c dung e ieu khien trc tiep ngo ra t PC ( v du thiet b Y
), hoac no co the ieu khien bo nh th, bo em, hoac c ( nh la thiet b T, C, M, S).
Moi cuon day gan vi cac cong tac hoac tiep iem, cac cong tac hoac tiep iem nay
co the la thng m (NO normal open ) hoac thng ong ( NC normal close).
Thuat ng thng noi en trang thai cac cong tac khi cuon day khong co ien.
Neu role c dung va cuon day gia s la OFF, mot cong tac NO se khong co ien,
ngha la tai c noi vi cong tac NO se khong hoat ong, con cong tac NC th co
dong ien i qua, v vay tai c noi vi cong tac se hoat ong.
Khi cuon day c kch hoat th trang thai cua cong tac b ao ngc, ngha la co
dong trong cong tac NO va cong tac NC lai ngan khong cho dong ien i qua.
Cac ngo vao vat ly noi en bo ieu khien lap trnh ( thiet b X) khong co cuon day
co the lap trnh. Cac thiet b nay ch co the c dung dang cong tac (nhan tn hieu)
ma thoi loai tiep iemNO va NC
Th du :
V co s ket hp vi role, cac chng trnh ladder co the c oc nh dong ien
i t trai sang phai. Dong nay phai qua mot loat cac tiep iem nh X0 va X1 e bat
cuon day ngo ra Y0 len ON. Do o, trong v du sau, neu X0 c bat ON th ngo ra
Y0 cung c bat len ON. Tuy nhien, neu cong tac hanh trnh X1 c kch hoat th
ngo ra Y0 b tat OFF v s noi ket gia cot trai va cot phai b t, ngha la khong co
dong ien i qua.
B. CAC TAP LENH C BAN CUA LAP TRNH
INSTRUCTION VA LADDER
1 . TAP LENH LOAD va LOAD INVERSE
Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b
LD Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai X, Y, M, S,

(LoaD) cong tac NO. T, C
Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.
LDI Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai X, Y, M, S,
(LoaD cong tac NC. T, C
Inverse) Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.
Chng trnh v du :
2 . TAP LENH OUT
lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet

b
OUT -ieu khien cuon day. Y, M,
(OUT) -Noi trc tiep vao au ben phai cua mach. S, T,
-Nhieu lenh OUT co the c noi song C
song.
-Khong the ieu khien thiet b ngo vao loai
X.
3. TAP LENH AND, AND INVERSE

AND Noi tiep cac cong tac NO (thng X, Y, M,

(AND) m), co the noi tiep nhieu cong tac S, T, C.
cung mot luc.
ANI Noi tiep cac cong tac NC (thng X, Y, M,

(ANd ong), co the noi tiep nhieu cong S, T, C.
Inverse) tac cung mot luc.
Chng trnh v du :
Lu y :
6 Viec them mot cuon day qua mot cong tac th lenh OUT au tien ( OUT Y4)
c goi la ngo ra follow-on. Cac ngo ra Follow-on cho phep x ly ngo ra theo
ung trnh t a ghi.
7 Mac du khong co gii han so cong tac mac song song, nhng mot so bang ieu
khien lap trnh, man hnh va may in khong the nao hien th hoac in chng trnh neu
no vt qua gii han cua phan cng. Moi dong hay moi nhanh cua chng trnh
Ladder nen cha toi a 10 cong tac va 1 cuon day. So ngo ra Follow-on nen gii han
toi a la 24.
4. TAP LENH OR , OR INVERSE

lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b
OR Noi song song cac cong tac NO X, Y,

(OR) (thng m). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi song M, S, T,
song cho 1 cuon day. C.
ORI Noi song song cac cong tac NC (thng X, Y,
(OR ong). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi song song M, S, T,
Inverse) cho 1 cuon day. C.
*Lu y : Mot ben cua lenh OR/ORI luon noi vi au ben trai.
Chng trnh v du :
5. TAP LENH OR BLOCK

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet
b
ORB Noi song song nhieu mach Khong

(OR Block) cong tac. co
* ac iem :
_ Lenh ORB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con so
nao.
_ Lenh ORB c dung e noi song song nhieu mach cong tac (cac khoi noi tiep)
vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi noi tiep la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi tiep nhau, hay
dung trong lenh ANB.
_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi, ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoi
noi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ORB.
* Lu y :
1 Dung lenh ORB theo lo khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI nham e tranh loi
chng trnh.
2 Dung lenh ORB trong mach tuan t khong co gii han so mach mac song
song.
Chng trnh v du :
Lap trnh tuan t Lap trnh theo

lo
0 LD X 0 0 LD X 0
1 AND X 1 1 AND X 1
2 LD X 2 2 LD X 2
3 AND X 3 3 AND X 3
4 ORB 4 LDI X 4
5 LDI X 4 5 AND X 5
6 AND X 5 6 ORB
7 ORB 7 ORB
8 OUT Y 6 8 OUT Y 6
6. TAP LENH AND BLOCK :
ANB
(ANd Noi tiep cac mach
Khong co
Block ) song song.
Chng trnh v du :
Dung phng phap lap trnh tuan t

0 LD X 0
1 OR X 1
2 LD X 2
3 AND X 3
4 LDI X 4
5 AND X 5
6 ORB
7 OR X 6
8 ANB
9 OR X 3
10 OUT Y 7
* ac iem :
_ Lenh ANB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con so
nao.
_ Lenh ANB c dung e noi tiep nhieu mach cong tac (thng la cac khoi song
song) vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi song song la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi song
song nhau, hay dung trong lenh ORB.
_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoi
noi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ANB.
_ Khi dung ANB theo lo, khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI e tranh loi chng
trnh.
_ Lenh ANB co the dung nhieu lan e noi tiep cac mach song song vi khoi trc
no.
7. TAP LENH MPS, MRD, MPP :
Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thie
t b
MPS
(Point Lu ket qua hien hanh Khon
Store) cua cac tac vu trong PC. g co
MPS
oc ket qua hien hanh Khon

MRD
cua cac tac vu trong PC. g co
(Read)
MRD
Goi ket qua a lu va MPP Khon

MPP loai bo no.
g co
(PoP)
* Cach dung cac tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP :

Khi chng trnh c viet di dang Ladder th tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP
se t ong c them vao khi thc hien chuyen chng trnh (program conversion)
sang dang Instruction . Neu xem chng trnh dang Instruction sau khi chuyen ta se
thay co cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.
Khi chng trnh c viet dang Instruction, ngi s dung phai nhap vao toan
bo tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.
* ac iem tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP:
c dung e noi cac ngo vao ben trai cua cac cuon day vi bat ky ngo vao
ben trai cua cong tac nao. Neu khong co tap lenh nay th ta ch co the noi cuon day
vao ben phai cua cong tac cuoi cung.
MPS lu lai iem noi cua mach ladder, do o no co the c goi lai nhieu lan
e noi nhieu nhanh cuon day.
MRD co chc nang goi lai hoac oc d lieu cua iem noi a lu trc o va noi
no vi cong tac tiep theo.
MPP co chc nang goi iem noi a lu (t vung lu tam) ra va loai bo no khi
cong tac ke tiep noi vao iem nay.
oi vi moi lenh MPS th bat buoc phai co mot lenh MPP tng ng.
Lenh MPP c dung e noi mach cong tac hay cuon day cuoi cung.
bat ky bc lap trnh nao, so cap lenh MPS MPP hoat ong khong c
vt qua con so 11.
Cac chng trnh v du :
2 V du 1 :
0 LD X 0
1 MPS
2 LD X 1
3 OR X 2
4 ANB
5 OUT Y 0
6 MRD
7 LD X 3
8 AND X 4
9 LD X 5
10 AND X 6
11 ORB
12 ANB
13 OUT Y 1
14 MPP
15 AND X 7
16 OUT Y 2
17 LD X 10
18 OR X 11
19 ANB
20 OUT Y 3
* V du 2 :
0 LD X 0
1 MPS
2 AND X 1
3 MPS
4 AND X 2
5 OUT Y 0
6 MPP
7 AND X 3
8 OUT Y 1
9 MPP
10 AND X 4
11 MPS
12 AND X 5
13 OUT Y 2
14 MPP
15 AND X
6 16
OUT Y 3
TAP LENH SET va RESET
at mot thiet b (bit) len Y, M, S

SET che o ON vnh vien.
at mot thiet b (bit) Y, M, S, D,

RESET xuong che o OFF vnh V, Z
vien.
* ac iem :
_ SET va RESET co the dung cho cung mot thiet b bao nhieu lan tuy y. Tuy
nhien trang thai cuoi cung mi la trang thai tac ong.
V du :
0 LD X 0
1 SET Y 0
2 LD X
1 3
RST Y 0
4 LD X 2
5 SET M
0 6
LD X 3
7 RST M 0
8 LD X
4 9
SET S 0
10 LD X 5
11 RST S
0 12
LD X 6
13 SET D 0
Nhan xet :
y Mot khi X0 a bat ON th Y0 hoat ong va duy tr trang thai ON ngay ca khi
X1 a tat OFF.
y Khi X1 bat ON th Y0 se tat OFF va duy tr trang thai OFF ngay ca sau khi X1
t no chuyen thanh OFF.
y Qua trnh xay ra tng t cho cac M0, S0, D0.
8. BO NH TH va BO EM
a) Dang chung OUT va RESET cua bo nh th va bo em :

ieu khien cuon day T, C
OUT bo nh th hoac bo
em.
at lai gia tr tac Y, M, S, D,

RST ong cho bo nh th V, Z
va bo em.
b) Bo nh th (Timer) :
Ky hieu :T
Cong dung : dung e nh cac khoang thi gian.
Cach anh so : anh so bang ch so thap phan ( v du : T0 ; T1 ; T2 ; )
V du cach dung bo nh th :
Hoat ong chung cua bo nh th :

Cac bo nh th hoat ong bang cach em cac xung clock (xung 1 ; 10 ; 100 mili
giay). Ngo ra cua bo nh th c kch hoat khi gia tr em c at en gia tr hang
so K. Khoang thi gian troi qua c tnh bang cach lay gia tr em c nhan vi o
phan giai cua bo nh th.
V du :
Bo nh th loai 10 mili giay em c en gia tr la 567, khi o khoang thi
gian troi qua c tnh nh sau :
567 x 10 mili giay = 567 x 0,01 giay = 5,67 giay.
Khoang thi gian nh th c at trc tiep thong qua hang so K, hoac gian tiep
thong qua thanh ghi d lieu (D). Thng dung thanh ghi d lieu c chot e am bao
khong b mat d lieu khi mat ien. Tuy nhien neu ien ap cua nguon pin giam qua
mc th thi gian nh th co the b sai.
o chnh xac cua bo nh th :
o chnh xac cua bo nh th co the b anh hng do cach lap trnh. Co hai trng
hp co the anh hng en o chnh xac cua bo nh th :
* Trng hp 1 : Cong tac cua bo nh th at
pha sau cuon day kch cua bo nh th.
Sai so nh th ln nhat :
2 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao
Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th
* Trng hp 2 : Cong tac bo nh th c at
trc cuon day kch cua bo nh th, khi o sai so
cua bo nh th se ln hn.
Sai so nh th ln nhat :
3 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao
Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th
Sai so trung bnh cho ca hai trng hp :

1,5 x chu ky quet chng trnh
c) Bo em (Counter) :
Ky hieu :C
Cong dung : em cac s kien
Cach danh so : thap phan
Phan loai : Bo em 16 bit.
Bo em 32 bit.
Bo em toc o cao.
V du cach dung bo em :
So lng bo em co the dung :

Xem cu the loai PLC la loai nao va tra vao bang thong so ky thuat.
d) Cac thong so cho bo nh th va bo em :
Khi lenh OUT ap dung cho bo nh th hoac bo em th phai nhap vao mot
hang so. Hang so o bat au bang ky t K.
Trong trng hp bo nh th, hang so K ch gia tr khoang thi gian nh th;
ngha la neu bo nh th loai 100 mili giay co hang so K100 se nh th mot khoang
thi gian la : 100 x 100 mili giay = 10 giay trc khi cuon day bo nh th c kch
hoat.
Khi dung bo em, hang so K xac nh so can em. ( V du : mot bo em vi
hang so K8 se phai c kch 8 lan trc khi cuon day bo em co ien).
Bang thong so cua cac loai bo nh th va bo em :
Gia tr thc s cua

Bo nh th / Bo em Gia tr at hang so K cho phep
hang so K
1 mili giay 0.001 32.767 giay
Bo nh
th
16 bit 1 32,767 1 32,767
Bo em 32 bit -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 -2,147,483,648
2,147,483,647
9. NGO VAO / RA (Input / Output)

a) Ngo vao :
K hieu :X
Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo vao vat ly tren bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : I/P
Inp
Ngo vao (X)
Cong tac ngo vao
Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO (Normal Open),
va thng ong NC (Normal Close)
Cach anh so : dung so bat phan, ngha la X0 X7 ; X10 X17.
V du cach dung ngo vao :
b) Ngo ra :
K hieu :Y
Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo ra vat ly tren bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : O/P
Otp
Ngo ra (Y)
Cuon day / role / cong tac ngo ra.
Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va cac
cuon day ngo ra.
Cach anh so : dung so bat phan, ngha la Y0 Y7 ; Y10 Y17.
V du cach dung ngo ra :
So lng cac ngo vao/ra :
Loai bo ieu
So ngo vao toi a So ngo ra toi a Tong so ngo vao/ra
khien
FXO(S) Phu thuoc vao viec chon Base Unit 30
FXon 84 64 128
FX 128 128 256
FX(2C) 256 ( kha nang nh 256 (kha nang nh 512 ( tong so nh c
c tren phan mem) c tren phan mem) tren phan cng hay
tren phan mem)
11. ROLE PHU TR (auxiliary relays)
K hieu :M
Cong dung : C nh trang thai cua bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c phu tr.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c M.
Thiet b (bit) M.
Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va cac
cuon day ngo ra.
Cach anh so : dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19.
Phan loai : Role phu tr on nh trang thai.
Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot.
Role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung.
V du cach dung role phu tr :
1. Role phu tr on nh trang thai :

Cac PC eu co role phu tr. Cuon day cua cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac
cong tac tng t nh cach ieu khien role ngo ra.
Tat ca cac role phu tr eu co mot so cong tac thng m va thng ong noi vi
PC neu can. Lu y cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trc tiep tai ngoai, ch co
role ngo ra mi co the lam c ieu nay.
2. Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot :

Neu xay ra s co ve ien trong khi PC ang chay th tat ca trang thai cua cac role
ngo ra va cac role cong dung chung eu b RESET (OFF). Khi PC hoat ong tr lai,
neu nh ta khong kch lai cac role nay th chung se van gi trang thai OFF .
Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi (c chot) la loai role ma trang thai cua chung khong
b thay oi khi b mat ien. Trang thai nay c duy tr bi nguon pin ben trong hay
dung bo nh EEPROM c gan vao PC. Role c chot bi tap lenh SET (hay
RESET) dung e duy tr trang thai tam thi cua role.
Dang mach t nh Dang mach c chot

dang mach t nh, role M507 c duy tr ien nh vao tiep iem t gi cua
no. Neu nh X1 la ON th M507 b Reset.
dang mach c chot bi lenh SET, role M507 se khong b Reset khi X1 la ON
ma no se van c duy tr trang thai, no ch b Reset khi X2 la ON.
Lu y : cac tai ngoai
Cac role phu tr c dung ket hp vi cac cong tac thng m va thng ong.
Cac cong tac nay co the dung tuy y khi lap trnh. Cac cong tac nay khong the dung e
ieu khien trc tiep cac tai ngoai. Tat ca cac tai ngoai nen c ieu khien thong qua
viec dung cac ngo ra trc tiep.
3. Cac role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung :
Mot PC co mot so cac role phu tr chuyen dung. Cac role nay eu co chc nang
chuyen biet, ve mat s dung chia lam hai loai sau :
a) Cong tac role phu tr chuyen dung :
Role nay c ieu khien t ong bi PC, ngi s dung khong the can
thiep. Cac cong tac nay co the c s dung trong chng trnh e chuan oan mot
tnh trang nao o.
V du :
M8000 : bao RUN ( ON khi PC ang trong trang thai chay chng
trnh).
M8002 : xung khi ong (ON khi PC khi ong, PC chuyen t OFF
ON).
M8012 : xung clock 100 mili giay.
b) ieu khien nhng cuon day role chuyen dung :
Khi ngi s dung SET cac cuon day nay, PC se thc thi mot tac vu chuyen
biet a c xac nh trc.
V du :
M8033 : tat ca cac trang thai ngo ra c duy tr khi PC ngng hoat
ong.
M8034 : tat ca cac ngo ra eu b vo hieu.
M8039 : PC hoat ong che o quet thi hang.
12. ROLE TRANG THAI (state relays)

K hieu : S
Cong dung : C trang thai trong bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c trang thai.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c S.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c bc STL.
C hieu.
Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC, cac cuon day
ngo ra
Cach anh so : dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19.
Phan loai : Role on nh trang thai chung role trang thai.
Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi ( c chot )
Role bc STL
C hieu.
V du cach dung role trang thai :
1. Role trang thai on nh :

Cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac cong tac trong PC giong nh viec ieu
khien cac ngo ra. Tat ca cac role trang thai eu co mot so cac cong tac vat ly thng
m va thng ong noi vi PC neu can. Cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trc
tiep tai ngoai, ngoai tr cac role ngo ra.
1. Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi :
Neu nguon cap ien b hong khi PC ang hoat ong th tat ca role ngo ra va role
cong dung chung eu b RESET. Tat ca cac role nay se van trang thai OFF neu nh
khong c kch hoat lai trang thai khi PC hoat ong lai, ay goi la role trang thai
c chot. Trang thai chot c duy tr bi nguon pin nuoi ben trong hay dung bo nh
EEPROM gan vao PC. Hoat ong cua role trang thai c chot nay tng t nh role
phu tr c chot da e cap phan tren.
Lu y : Giong nh role phu tr, role trang thai cung khong the ieu khien trc tiep
cac tai ngoai ma phai ieu khien bang role ngo ra trc tiep.
So lng role trang thai :
Loai role trang thai So lng co tren PC Tong so

Role trang thai thng Khong co
Role trang thai c chot 128 ( t S0 S127 )
2. Role trang thai bc STL :

Cac role trang thai rat quan trong khi lap trnh ieu khien trnh t va c dung
ket hp vi lenh STL.
Khi lap trnh STL th tng trang thai co tac vu tng ng se c xac nh trc.
Bc trang thai trc o sau khi a chuyen trang thai van duy tr trang thai hoat
ong cho en khi het chu ky quet hien hanh.
13 . XUNG CANH LEN VA XUNG CANH XUONG

Kch xung khi co Y, M ( Lu y :
PLS canh tac ong len khong c dung
(PuLSe) cuon M chuyen
dung).
Kch xung khi co Y, M ( Lu y :

PLF canh tac ong khong c dung
(PuLse xuong cuon M chuyen
Falling) dung).
Chng trnh v du :
* ac iem :
_ Khi lenh PLS c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi
gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a bat ON.
_ Khi lenh PLF c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi
gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a tat OFF.
14 . LENH END

END Buoc chng trnh ket thuc Khong co
(END)
Khi at lenh END trong chng trnh co tac dung buoc ket thuc qua trnh quet
chng trnh hien hanh va tien hanh cap nhat cac ngo vao / ra, cac bo nh th. Thc
hien cap nhat cac ngo vao au chu ky quet va cap nhat cac ngo ra cuoi chu ky
quet.
Viec quet chng trnh la qua trnh x ly tng lenh trong chng trnh t au en
cuoi. Khoang thi gian nay goi la thi gian quet, phu thuoc vao o dai va s phc tap
cua chng trnh. Ngay khi dong quet hien hanh c hoan tat th dong quet tiep theo
se bat au ngay. Toan bo qua trnh la mot chu ky lien tuc.
Chen lenh END vao gia chng trnh giup tm loi chng trnh v phan sau lenh
END b vo hieu va cach ly khoi vung kiem loi.
15. LENH NO- OPERATION

NOP Khong tac vu, hay Khong co Khong co
(No OPeration) bc rong
* ac iem :
Them lenh NOP trong chng trnh nham giam thieu s thay oi so bc chng
trnh khi ta soan thao hoac thay oi chng trnh.
Co the thay oi s hoat ong cua mot mach bang cach thay lenh a lap trnh
bang lenh NOP.
Thay lenh LD, LDI, ANB, ORB bang lenh NOP co the gay ra loi nhieu ni
trong chng trnh.
Chng III
LAP TRNH STL
(CHNG TRNH TUAN T )
I . KHAI NIEM
Lap trnh STL ( STep Ladder) la mot trong nhng kieu lap trnh c ban co trong
tat ca cac ho FX. Lap trnh STL rat n gian va de hieu, cung cap cho ngi s dung
mot ky thuat lap trnh manh nhat. S hieu qua cua lap trnh STL la no cho phep ngi
lap trnh tao ra mot chng trnh thc thi gan giong nh y o cua ngi lap trnh.
Chng trnh STL khong hoan toan thay the chng trnh Ladder chuan.
STL the hien mat manh cua no thong qua viec to chc mot chng trnh ln
thanh nhng phan t nho hn. Moi phan t nay goi la mot trang thai hoac mot bc.
e nhan biet cac trang thai, moi trang thai c gan mot ky hieu xac nh duy nhat.
Moi trang thai hoan toan tach biet vi cac trang thai khac trong chng trnh.
Cach tot nhat e hnh dung ieu nay la moi trang thai xem nh la mot chng trnh
tach biet va ngi s dung at tng phan chng trnh nay lai vi nhau theo th t
hoat ong cu no. Ngoai ra cac trang thai nay co the c dung lai nhieu lan va theo
th t khac nhau. ieu nay tiet kiem c thi gian lap trnh va han che cac loi lap
trnh.
II . KHI ONG VA KET THUC CHNG TRNH STL

1. Khi ong chng trnh tuan t:
e bat au mot lap trnh tuan t STL, ta phai bat trang thai khi tao len ON sao
cho thch hp. Co nhieu phng phap ieu khien trang thai khi tao.
Cac cuon day trang thai khi tao STL co the c kch bang xung, dung lenh SET
hay vi lenh OUT. Thong thng ta ch dung lenh SET e chon cac trang thai. Khi
mot trang thai a c kch hoat th co ngha la no c at len ON ( hnh a).
oi vi mot chng trnh STL c kch hoat khi va cap ien cho bo ieu khien,
ta co the dung role phu tr M8002 e ieu khien viec xac lap trang thai khi tao (
hnh b). Khi chng trnh STL a c khi tao, CPU se x ly tat ca lenh ben trong
chng trnh STL.
Hnh a Hnh b
2. Ket thuc chng trnh tuan t:

Bang cach at lenh RET (tap lenh RETurn) cau lenh cuoi cung cua trang thai
STL cuoi cung, khi o lenh nay se tra s ieu khien ve cho Ladder . Sau o, mach
khi tao a lap trnh se c x ly ung nh phan chng trnh Ladder va khong con
nam trong pham vi hoat ong trang thai STL cuoi cung.
III . LAP BC GIA CAC TRANG THAI

e kch hoat mot trang thai STL, trc tien ngi s dung phai tac ong cuon
day STL. Viec tac ong len cuon day o giong nh cach khi ong mot chng trnh
STL, hay goi la kch trang thai khi tao.
Tuy nhien dung lenh OUT va lenh SET e kch cuon day STL co s khac biet
nhau
1. Dung SET e kch cuon day STL :

SET c dung e kch trang thai STL lam cho no hoat ong. Khi trang thai
STL1 hien hanh kch hoat tiep trang thai STL2 th cuon day cua STL1 b Reset. Nh
vay, ch can dung SET kch hoat mot trang thai, cac trang thai ke tiep c kch lai
mot cach t ong.
Lenh SET c dung e kch mot trang thai nam trong lu trnh STL, cac trang
thai co lien ket vi trang thai STL hien hanh.
Lenh SET c dung e kch trang thai STL thap hn trang thai STL hien
hanh ngay sau o.
e Reset mot trang thai STL, ta dung lenh RST hoac ZRST ( ZRST : Zone
ReSeT se reset mot chuoi cac ngo ra nam trong lenh nay). Tuy nhien, lenh ZRST ch
Reset c trang thai STL sau khi cac trang thai STL a c thc hien xong het mot
chu ky cua no. ay cung chnh la mot nhc iem cua lenh ZRST.
2. Dung lenh OUT e kch cuon day STL :
Lenh OUT co tnh nang giong nh lenh SET.
Tuy nhien co mot ieu lenh OUT khac lenh SET la lenh OUT co the cho phep
ngi lap trnh c nhay cach khoang, bo qua nhieu trang thai STL.
IV . CAU TRUC CUA MOT BC TRONG STL

Trong chng trnh tuan t se co nhieu bc, nhng moi bc a ra can theo ung
cau truc cua mot bc nh sau:
1 1. Ch th cua bc thc hien.
2 2. Trang thai xay ra trong bc.
3 3. ieu kien e chuyen tiep en bc ke.
4 4. Bc mi c chuyen en.
V du:
CHNG IV
HNG DAN S DUNG
PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-E
I. Gii thieu:
ay la phan mem mo phong cac c cau co trong thc te cua hang MITSUBISHI
ELECTRIC Phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E c ng dung hnh anh cac c cau chap
hanh mot cach sinh ong, no giup cho ngi s dung co the co mot cai nhn khai quat
hn trong i song san xuat thc te.
e dung phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E yeu cau ve cau hnh phan cng:
- He ieu hanh Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 2000,
- CPU Pentium co toc o x ly la 500MHZ tr len.
- Bo nh 64 MB.
- Dung lng con trong cua da cng la 150 MB tr len.
- CD_ROM oc can co cho viec cai at.
- Display XGA 1,024 x 768 hoac cao hn.
- Yeu cau ve Card man hnh VRAM t 4MB tr len.
*Thc hien cai at:
a.at a chng trnh FX_TRN_BEG_E vao o CD_ROM.
b.Tai START My Computerchon o a CD_ROM.
Chu y: Co ba loai bieu tng Setup va hay chon bieu tng co hnh dang nh
tren.
c.Sau khi nhap double vao bieu tng Setup: se xuat hien ca so Welcome
- Kch Next e tiep tuc viec cai at, sau khi oc va hieu cac phan hng dan
tren.
- Kch Cancel e huy bo viec cai at.
d.Khi kch Next phan tren man hnh se xuat hien ca so Choose Destination
Location:
Tai ay ca so nay cho phep la chon ng dan cho chng trnh bang cach
click vao Sau o go vao ng dan mi.
- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.
- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.
- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.
e.Khi click vao Next ca so Chose Detination Location ,sau o xuat hien ca
so Select Program Folder
Program Folders : Th muc cua chng trnh co ten la MELSOFT FX
TRAINER.
Existing Folders : Th muc hien co trong chng trnh may tnh la MELSOFT
FX TRAINER.
- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.
- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.
- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.
f. Khi click Next tai ca so Select Program Folder th viec cai at bat au.
*Khi dong phan mem lap trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E
Chon StartProgram(hoac All Program) MELSOFT FX
TRAINERFXTRN-BEG-E (double click).
II.Giao dien:
Khi khi tao chng trnh se xuat hien ca so User login

- User name: go vao ten ang ky s dung cho chng trnh khong qua 32 ky t.
- Password : go vao khau lenh cho chng trnh a ang ky khong qua 8 ky t.
Sau o click vao Start e xuat hien ca so giao dien.
III.Gii thieu c ban ve giao dien mot chng trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:
1.Giao dien:
Giao dien cua chng trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E la giao dien co cac chc nang
linh hoat trong c cau chuyen cung nh viec van hanh ieu khien .
Chu thch:
Edit Ladder : Chuyen sang che o lap trnh ,luc nay bo ieu khien che o
PROGRAM.
Reset : Khi tao lai trang thai ban au cua chng trnh.
Write to PLC : Nap chng trnh vao bo PLC, luc nay bo ieu khien che o RUN.
F (Front view ): Chc nang chieu mat cua c cau hnh the.
S ( Side view ): Tong quan ve hnh the trang thai 3D.
T (Top view ) : Chc nang chieu bang cua c cau hnh the.
Main : Tr ve ca so chnh cua FX_TRN_BEG_E.
: Khi Ckick vao hai nut nay no se di chuyen ti hoac lui trong bang hng
dan.
2.Bo lap trnh PLC mo phong :
Cac ky hieu cua PLC ve cac ngo I/O c the hien qua c cau sau :
IV. Phng phap lap trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:

1.S dung phan mem mo phong PLC:
a. Giao dien lap trnh Ladder:
b.Phng phap s dung:

1 Thiet lap mot chng trnh mi : Chon Project New project .Luc mot chng
trnh a c thiet lap tren FXTRN-BEG-E. Man hnh lap trnh cho phep ngi s
dung viet chng trnh.
2 Lu chng trnh :
Chon Project Save .Luc nay se xuat hien ca so Save as
Go vao ten chng trnh Go vao ten loai chng trnh
Lu chng trnh vi mot ten khac : Chon Project Save as

1 Mi mot chng trnh : Chon Project Open . Sau o xuat hien ca so Open
Project.
c. Nap chng trnh PLC:
Co the click vao Write to PLC tren bang
ieu khien t xa ( Ngi tr ly hng dan) .
Hoac co the chon Online Write to PLC.
2. Phng phap lap trnh:
a.Tiep iem thng m:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F5 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter
symbol
b.Tiep iem thng ong:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm Shift+F5 . Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter
symbol
c.Tiep iem thng m song song:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so
Dang tiep iem song song :
d.Tiep iem thng ong dang song song:

Kch vao bieu tng h oac nhan phm Shift+F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so
Dang tiep iem thng ong song song:
e. Cuon day:( bao gom Y,T,C,M,S) kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F7 .Sau
o xuat hien ca so
Cac dang cuon day:

1 Cuon day Y:
2 Cuon day Timer (T):
3 Cuon day Counter (C):
4 Relay phu tr M:
5 Relay trang thai S: (c hieu)
f. Cung cap ham truyen at:

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F8 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter symbol
Cac ham truyen a c gii thieu chng III.
3.X ly trang thai mach:

1 Mach thang:
Kch vao hoac nhan phm F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).
2 .Mach re nhanh :
Kch vao hoac nhan phm Shift+F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).
3 Xoa mach thang:
Nhan Ctrl + F9, at con tro tai v tr muon xoa.
4 Xoa mach vuong goc:
Nhan ctrl + F10, at con tro ben phai v tr muon xoa.
4. X ly trong FXTRN-BEG-E:
a. Khai bao cac I/O:
Chon EditI/O list. Tai ay co the xem cac khai bao trong chng trnh mo
phong.
b.ieu chnh toc o trong mo hnh:

Chon ToolsOption.
*Simulation speed adjustment : ieu chnh toc o hoat ong cho cac co cau trong mo
hnh mo phong.Chon OK.
c.Thoat chng trnh:
Chon File Exit.
Trng HCN TP.HCM GIAO TRNH PLC
Trung Tam CONG NGHE IEN Mitsubishi
CHNG V
CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONG

PLC FXTRN-BEG-E
I. CAC DANG BAI TAP
A. Gii thieu ve ho lap trnh FX (Learn the FX series PLC ) :
Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khien

A-1 Gii thieu ve Cac ng dung cua phan 1 ieu khien ca
cac loai PLC FX mem
mo phong qua cac ngo
I/O
A-2 ng dung ve Gii thieu cac ho PLC FX 1 ieu khien ca
chung loai PLC FX
A-3 Cach thc ng dung cho ngi mi 1 ieu khien bang tai
thiet lap mot bat au lap trnh PLC
chng trnh
B. S dung cac ngo ieu khien (Let`s study the Basics):

B-1 Cac ngo I/O Tm hieu ve cac ngo I/O 1 ieu khien en
c ban trong trong chng trnh
chng trnh
B-2 Mot chng Tm hieu ve ngo ra va 1 ieu khien en
trnh c ban ham lenh SET- RST
B-3 Chng trnh Tm hieu ve dang chng 1 ieu khien en giao

ieu khien thiet lap trnh nhanh thong vi hai en n
bang thi gian
B-4 Tm hieu ve Tm hieu ve cac he thong 2 ieu khien bang tai
cac k hieu ngo vao cam bien va c cau hoat
ong cua cac day truyen
n gian
BO MON T ONG 1
C. Dang lap trnh c ban (Easy dose it !):

C-1 Van hanh c Tm hieu ve timer on 1 ieu khien ca
cau bang timer c delay
ban
C-2 ng dung Tm hieu ve timer off 1 ieu khien ca
timer trong chng delay va cach dung thi
trnh 1 gian theo doi
C-3 ng dung S chuyen oi thi gian 2 ieu khien en giao
timer trong chng trong timer thong vi hai en n
trnh 2
C-4 Chng trnh Tm hieu ve hoat ong 2 ieu khien bang tai
couter c ban em cua couter
D. Bat au vi phan lap trnh c ban( Begginer Challenge ):

D-1 Thanh phan Tm hieu ve s ieu 1 ieu khien khu vc
phuc vu ng dung khien t ong trong nha phuc vu trong nha
trong lap trnh hang hang
D-2 Che o hoat Kha nang nhan biet cua 1 ieu khien en tia
ong cua cam bien cam bien quang
quang
D-3 ieu khien ieu khien mach en 1 ieu khien en giao
mach en giao giao thong bang timer thong vi ba en n
thong theo chu ky
D-4 Bo phan nhan Kha nang nhan biet cua 1 ieu khien bang tai va
biet kch c (I) sensor kch c robot cung cap san
pham
D-5 Tat va m tat va m bang tai trong 2 ieu khien bang tai
bang tai mot c cau san xuat
D-6 Hoat ong ieu khien bang tai 2 ieu khien bang tai
cua bang tai thong qua cac sensor d
lieu
BO MON T ONG 2
E. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc trung bnh ( Intermediate Challenge ):

E-1 Nut nhan n ieu khien en giao 2 ieu khien en giao
thong bang nut nhan thong vi ba en n
E-2 S nhan biet Kha nang nhan biet kch 2 ieu khien bang
cua sensor kch thc cua cac sensor truyen re nhanh
c(II) trong moi bo phan
E-3 Bo phan tach S chuyen ong cua canh 2 ieu khien bang tai
ri tay robot thong qua ham va robot
truyen
E-4 May khoan ieu khien may khoan va 2 ieu khien bang tai,
cac thiet b khac trong c may khoan va robot
cau cung cap san pham
E-5 ieu khien bo ieu khien s hoat ong 3 ieu khien bang tai
phan cung cap cua cac bo phan cung cap va robot
E-6 ieu khien ieu khien chuyen ong 3 ieu khien bang tai
bang tai bang tai ti hoac lui va robot
F. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc o kho (Advanced Challenge ) :

F-1 ieu khien Van hanh ca t ong 3 ieu khien ca
ca t ong ong/m
F-2 Chuyen ong ieu khien cac san pham 3 ieu khien cac c cau
v tr trong c cau i qua cac khu vc cho dng
phep thong qua cac
sensor
F-3 Bo phan phan Phan phoi cac dang san 3 ieu khien bang tai
phoi san pham pham tuy theo kch thc va pittong
F-4 Bo phan nhan Kha nang nhan biet san 3 ieu khien bang tai,
biet s sai lech pham tot/xau trong day may khoan va robot
trong day truyen truyen thong qua cam cung cap san pham
bien
F-5 ieu khien Chuyen ong cua bang 3 ieu khien bang tai,
chuyen ong quay tai ti hoac lui may khoan va robot
thuan/nghch cung cap san pham
BO MON T ONG 3
F-6 ieu khien S dung thang may 3 cap 3 ieu khien bang tai
thang may va thang may
F-7 Kha nang Nhan biet san pham 4 ieu khien trang thai
nhan biet va cung thong qua sensor hoat ong cua canh
cap san pham cua tay robot On/Off
sensor
II. BAI GIAI THAM KHAO CAC BAI TAP MO HNH TRONG FXTRN-BEG-E
1. BAI TAP A3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI
a/. Giao dien mo hnh
BO MON T ONG 4
b/. Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)
Ngo thiet b K hieu ngo I/O Ten thiet b Chc nang
Input X024 Cong tac Khi ong va dng he thong
Input X000 Cam bien Nhan hang tai pitong
ong c ieu khien canh ieu khien bo phan cung cap

Output Y000
tay robot hang
Output Y001 ong c keo bang tai ON khi he thong lam viec
Sang khi he thong ngng

Output Y020 en o
hoat ong
Sang khi he thong ang lam
Output Y023 en xanh
viec
c/. Nguyen ly hoat ong:
Khi he thong ang ngng hoat ong th en o Y020 sang. Khi bat cong tac X024 th
cuon day Y00 va Y001 co ien va t duy tr v luc trc o cam bien X000 la thng ong .
Canh tay robot bat au cap hang len bang tai va bang tai quay thuan a hang ve cuoi hanh
trnh. Luc nay cuon day cong tac t Y002 cung cha co ien bi v c mac noi tiep vi tiep
iem thng m cua cam bien X000. Khi hang ti trc cam bien th lap tc cam bien nay oi
trang thai m tiep iem thng ong ngat ien cua hai cuon day Y000 va Y001 e ong c
keo bang tai ngng lai va canh tay robot tr ve trang thai ban au. ong thi ong tiep iem
thng m cap ien cho cuon day Y002 ieu khien pitong ay hang ve ni quy nh. Khi hang
va c ay xuong th cam bien oi trang thai ngat ien cuon day Y002 ong thi ong ien
cho Y000 va Y001 e canh tay robot tiep tuc cap hang va bang tai tiep tuc hoat ong theo
hanh trnh trc. Trong luc ang hoat ong en xanh Y023 sang.
Khi muon dng ta ch viec bat cong tac X024 lap tc canh tay robot tr ve trang thai
ban au. Neu con hang tren bang tai th day chuyen van hoat ong e khi hang ve het hanh
trnh th he thong mi ngng hoat ong va en oY20 sang bao day chuyen a ngng hoat
ong.
BO MON T ONG 5
d/. S o mach ien
2. BAI TAP B1 , B2 : IEU KHIEN EN

a/. Giao dien mo hnh
BO MON T ONG 6
Hay liet ke va mo ta nguyen tac hoat ong cua cac thiet b , lap bang trang thai . Dung ngon
ng ladder viet chng trnh ieu khien , nap chng trnh vao PLC , cho mo hnh van hanh.
Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)
LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONG

X20 Nut ieu khien en
xanh
NGO X21 Nut ieu khien en o
VAO X22 Nut ieu khien en o
X24 Nut ieu khien en o
ON khi hang chuyen en quet ngang
bang tai dng.
Y0 en van hanh en xanh sang khi Y0 len mc on
NGO
Y1 en bao dng en vang sang khi Y1 len mc on
RA
Y2 en bao loi en o sang khi Y2 len mc on
BAI TAP B3 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI HAI EN N
BO MON T ONG 7

X20 Nut nhan K en o
NGO X24 Cong tac K en o
VAO X21 Nut nhan K en xanh
X25 Cong tac K en xanh
NGO Y0 en tn hieu o en o sang khi Y0 len mc ON
RA Y1 en tn hieu xanh en xanh sang khi Y1 len mc ON
BAI TAP B4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI
BO MON T ONG 8

X00
NGO X03
VAO X20
X25
Y0
Y1
NGO
Y2
RA
Y3
Y5
BAI TAP C1, C2 : IEU KHIEN CA
BO MON T ONG 9

X00
NGO X01
VAO X20
X24
Y0
Y1
NGO
Y5
RA
Y6
Y7
BAI TAP C4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI
BO MON T ONG 10

X00
NGO X20
VAO X21
X24
Y0
Y1
NGO
Y3
RA
Y4
Y5
BAI TAP D1: IEU KHIEN KHU VC PHUC VU TRONG NHA HANG
BO MON T ONG 11

X00
NGO X01
VAO X20
X21
NGO Y0
RA Y1
BAI TAP D2 : IEU KHIEN EN TIA
BO MON T ONG 12

X00
NGO X01
VAO X02
X03
Y0
Y1
NGO
Y2
RA
Y3
Y7
BAI TAP D3 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI BA EN N
BO MON T ONG 13

NGO X24
VAO X25
Y0
Y1
NGO Y2
RA Y20
Y21
Y23
BAI TAP D4, D5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM
BO MON T ONG 14

X00
X01
NGO
X02
VAO
X04
X05
X20
NGO Y03
RA Y05
BAI TAP D6 : IEU KHIEN KHI ONG VA DNG BANG TAI
BO MON T ONG 15
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BAI TAP E1 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI BA EN N DUNG NUT

NHAN
BO MON T ONG 16
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BAI TAP E2 : IEU KHIEN BANG TRUYEN RE NHANH
BO MON T ONG 17
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
Chng trnh ladder bai tap E2

BO MON T ONG 18
BAI TAP E3 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT
BO MON T ONG 19
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 20
BAI TAP E4 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT
BO MON T ONG 21
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA

BO MON T ONG 22
BAI TAP E5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM
BO MON T ONG 23
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 24
BAI TAP E6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM
BO MON T ONG 25
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 26
BAI TAP F1 : IEU KHIEN CA
BO MON T ONG 27
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BAI TAP F2 : IEU KHIEN CAC C CAU DNG

BO MON T ONG 28
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BAI TAP F3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA PITTONG

BO MON T ONG 29
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 30
Chng trnh ladder bai tap F3
BO MON T ONG 31
BO MON T ONG 32
BAI TAP F4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 33
BAI TAP F5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 34
BO MON T ONG 35
BO MON T ONG 36
BAI TAP F6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA THANG MAY
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 37
BO MON T ONG 38
BO MON T ONG 39
BAI TAP F7 : IEU KHIEN HOAT ONG CUA CANH TAY ROBOT
BO MON T ONG 40
NGO
VAO
NGO
RA
BO MON T ONG 41
BO MON T ONG 42
V du 1: CHNG TRNH MO PHONG E-5

I. Cac thiet b c s dung trong chng trnh E-5:
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Canh tay robot co nhiem vu cung cap thung cacton cho bang tai
Bang tai co nhiem vu di chuyen theo chieu t trai sang phai .
Bo phan cung cap cam.
II.Nguyen ly hoat ong :

Khi bat cong tac X24 th bang tai hoat ong Y1 che o ON ( luc nay canh tay robot
cha cung cap thung cacton bi v Y0 che o OFF ). Sau khi kch xung X20 , luc nay canh
tay Robot se cung cap thung cacton cho bang tai . bang tai di chuyen mang theo thung cacton ,
khi thung cacton en gan bo phan cung cap cam th sensor X1 se hoat ong e tac ong Y1
chuyen t trang thai On sang Off . Tiep theo bo phan cung cap cam se hoat ong thong qua
cam bien
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X2 . Khi thung cacton a co 5 qua cam ( do bo em counter thiet lap ) th bo counter se thong
bao cho timer T0 hoat ong e cho bang tai mang thung cacton cha cam en kho cat gia .
Khi thung cam i qua cuoi bang ( Tai ay co lap at sensor X5 ) th luc nay canh tay Robot se
c kch hoat thong cam bien X5 va relay phu tr M7 .
Bang thiet b :
Ngo thiet Ten thiet b K hieu Chc nang

b ngo I/O
INPUT iem bat au cua canh X000 ON khi robot tai v tr bat au
tay robot
INPUT Cam bien nhan biet hop X001 On khi thung cactong pha di bo
cactong tren bang tai phan cung cap cam
INPUT Cam bien cung cap cam X002 On khi bo counter em
INPUT Cam bien trang thai X005 On khi thung cactong i qua e tr ve
trang thai khi tao ban au
OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap thung Y000 ieu khien bo phan cung cap thung
cactong thong qua canh cactong cho bang tai
tay robot
OUTPUT Bang tai chuyen ong Y001 Bang tai chuyen ong khi Y1 che o
theo chieu t trai sang ON
phai
OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap cam Y002 Khi Y2 che o ON th cac qua cam
c cung cap cho thung cactong
III.Chng trnh ieu khien :
1) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau hoat ong h :
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2) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau dang xung :
a) Chng trnh 1:
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b) Chng trnh 2:
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Cac chng trnh ieu khien 1 va 2 co che o hoat ong luan phien theo t chu
ky,thong qua viec s dung sensor X5 lam moc khi tao trang thai ban au.Viec s dung mot
chng trnh t ong se lam cong viec tr nen n gian hn va hieu qua hn trong cong tac
van hanh c cau trong mot day chuyen san xuat phc tap .
IV. Cac ham lenh c s dung trong chng trnh ieu khien :
1. Ham LD, LDP : dung tao trang thai kch hoat cho c cau thong qua X20 .
2. Ham AND ,ANI,: dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai ,
counter , canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.
3. Ham OR ,ORI : dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai , counter ,
canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.
4. Ham SET , RST : dung lam trang thai khi tao cho Counter va c cau thong qua relay
trang thai M9.
5. Ham PLS : dung lam trang thai khi tao chng trnh thong qua Y006. (Chung ta cung
co the dung kenh PLF e khi tao chng trnh ieu khien ).
6. Ham MRD :dung tao cac nhanh cho mach ien bac thang .
ieu khien c cau :
Sau khi nap chng trnh [Write to PLC ].
Luc nay bo plc se chuye t trang thai OFF sang RUN .
Bat cong tac X24 , e cho bang tai hoat ong ( luc nay ch co duy nhat bang
tai hoat ong trong c cau ).
Nhan nut nhan X20 e cho c cau hoat ong . (Canh tay Robot se cung cap
thung cha cam ).
Cac thiet b :
Canh tay Robot :
Nhiem vu chnh cua canh
tay Robot la cung cap
thung cactong cho day
chuyen .Canh tay robot
hoat ong khi no v tr
iem bat au nh hnh.
Bang tai :
Nhiem vu cua bang tai la van chuyen
thung cactong rong en bo phan cung cap
cam va van chyen thung cha cam en
ni lu tr .
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Bo phan cung cap cam :

Nhiem vu chnh cua bo phan nay la cung cap cam cho thung
cactong pha di thanh trt cung cap cam .
Cam bien nhan biet : ( cam bien hong ngoai )

Sensor X5 co nhiem vu nhan biet thung cha cam i qua , bang
cach nhan ng vien pha hong cua thung cha cam .
Cam bien nhan biet thung cactong khi thung en gan bo phan
cung cap cam la sensor X1.
Cam bien ieu khien qua trnh cung cap cam la sensor X2.
V du 2 : MACH EN GIAO THONG HAI CHE O
Mach en giao thong la yeu cau thiet yeu cho phan thc hanh ieu khien ng dung dung bo
ieu khien lap trnh PLC . Mach en giao thong co the c thiet lap bang cau lenh tuan t
hoac ngau nhien .
I.Nguyen ly hoat ong :
1. bang trang thai hoat ong :
Che o 1:
TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 2

1 1 0 0 0 0 1
2 0 1 0 0 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 0 0
4 0 0 1 0 1 0
5 1 0 0 0 0 1
Che o 2:
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TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 2

1 0 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 1 0
2. Bieu o trang thai :
CHE O 1:
XANH 1
VANG 1
O 1
XANH 2
VANG 2
O 2
CHE O 2:
VANG 1
VANG 2
II.Chng trnh ieu khien :

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1. Chng trnh ieu khien tuan t :
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2. Chng trnh ieu khien ngau nhien:
X0 T2 K40
T0
T0
T1 K30
Y0
T1
Y7
T0 K30
T3
K40
T2
Y5
T3
Y2
T2 T0 T1
Y6
X0 T4
T2 T0 T0
Y1
X0 T4
X0 T5
T4 K10
X1 T4 K10
T5
BO MON T ONG 54
chng VI
LA CHON, LAP AT, KIEM TRA

VA BAO TR HE THONG PLC
I. Xem xet s kha thi :
Trong trng hp nao o viec xem xet ve s kha thi la yeu cau khong the thieu trong mot
quyet nh hay mot giai phap ieu khien. Pham vi cua lnh vc nay co the thay oi rat
nhieu, t viec n gian la ac ta tnh kha thi cua yeu cau cho en viec phan tch toan dien
moi trng hp. Viec nghien cu tnh kha thi bao gom nhng lnh vc sau:
- tnh kha thi ve kinh te
- tnh kha thi ve ky thuat
- s la chon cac phng an : nghien cu anh gia cac phng an e a ra phng an
toi u.
II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC:
V PLC c thiet ke dang modun nen gan nh viec thiet ke va cai at phan cng, phan mem
c thc hien ong thi nhng oc lap vi nhau. Viec thc hien nh vay co u iem la tiet
kiem thi gian va he thong linh hoat bat chat chc nang cua he thong.
1. Chon PLC :
Hien nay tren th trng co rat nhieu loai PLC vi cac tnh nang ngay cang c tang
cng nham cai thien hieu suat va chat lng. Tuy nhien, hau het PLC cung c th co cac
chc nang ieu khien tng ng nhau. iem khac nhau quan trong nhat la ngon ng lap
trnh, cung vi cac mc o ve s ho tr cua nha san xuat. S ho tr t nha san xuat la yeu to
quan trong khi thc hien thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien t ong.
Viec chon PLC cua hang nao la do s quen dung oi vi PLC o va he thong ieu khien
noi chung. oi vi nhng ngi co kinh nghiem trong viec thiet ke va lap at he thong ieu
khien, van e quan trong la s vt troi ve ky thuat va hieu suat. oi vi nhng ngi cha co
kinh nghiem nhieu ve PLC va khong nam vng ve th trng PLC th can xem xet nhng van
e sau ay :
- ngi dung co nhan c s ho tr trong cong viec thiet ke?
- T le ve th trng va lnh vc ng dung cua nha san xuat.
- Nha san xuat co to chc cac khoa huan luyen ve he thong PLC ang s dung?
- So tay va tai lieu hien co vi ngon ng oc c.
- Kha nang tng thch gia cac he thong tng ng hoac loai PLC khac cua cung
nha san xuat.
- Phng phap lap trnh co thch hp vi cac ieu khien ng dung.
2. Loai va c PLC:
S lu chon nay co the thc hien cung vi viec la chon nha san xuat PLC. Quy mo cua
he thong co mot so iem can xem xet:
- Yeu cau ngo vao ra can thiet
BO MON T ONG 55
- Loai ngo vao/ra.

- Dung lng bo nh.
- Toc do va kha nang cua CPU va tap lenh.
3. So lng ngo vao ra:

So lng ngo vao ra cua PLC phai co kha nang ap ng u so ng tn hieu t cam bien
cung nh ng ieu khien phan cong suat do c cau tac ong. Cac tn hieu khong nhng tuan
theo cac ch tieu ky thuat cua he thong nh la mc ien ap, dong tai, tan so ap ng ma con
quan tam en cac iem sau:
- So lng va ngo vao ra tren moi modun(hay tren PLC neu cac ngo vao ra co san
tren PLC) .
- S cach ly gia bo ieu khien va phan cong suat ieu khien c cau tac ong.
- Nhu cau ve ngo vao ra s ly toc o cao, ieu khien au ra t xa, hay cac chc nang
chuyen dung khac.
- Nhu cau m rong them kha nang m rong va lap at them ngo vao ra.
- Nguon cap ien cho cac ngo vao ra, ngh la nhu cau co modun PSU (Power Source
Unitl) cung cap cho mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong
4. Dung lng bo nh:

oi vi PLC co kha nang m rong bo nh th dung lng bo nh co the c m rong
bang cach gan them hop bo nh (memory cassette). Dung lng bo nh phu thuoc vao so
lng ngo vao ra s dung tren he thong. Mot chng trnh ieu khien phc tap, dung nhieu
logic khoa lan hay cac chng trnh trnh t hien nhien can nhieu bo nh hn la chng trnh
n gian.
BO NH CAN THIET = BO NH NGO VAO RA + BO NH CHNG TRNH + BO

NH LU D LIEU CHO CAC LENH CHUYEN DUNG + KHOANG DUNG LNG
CAN THIET CHO M RONG VA HIEU CHNH CHNG TRNH SAU NAY.
5. Tap lenh CPU:

Moi PLC eu phai co tap lenh e phuc vu cho viec lap trnh giai quyet cac nhiem vu ieu
khien. Tat ca cac PLC eu co the hieu c lenh ieu khien logic, ieu khien trnh t s
khac nhau noi bat la kha nang s ly d lieu, nhng chc nang chuyen dung va truyen thong.
PLC loai ln co tap lenh manh hn cac PLC nho hn. Tuy nhien ta nen xem xet ky kha nang
cua PLC loai nho va trung bnh thng co the cung co cac chc nang chuyen dung rat tot nh
chc nang ieu khien PID.
cac PLC dang modun co the la chon c modun CPU vi cac mc o va toc o va
kha nang s ly. Khi so lng va kha nang s ly tang, yeu cau ve toc o CPU cung tang, v khi
o CPU phai x ly nhieu lenh hn trong mot chu ky quet cua PLC. ieu o co the oi hoi
phai dung CPU manh hn neu thi gian quet khong ap ng c nhu cau.
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e co the la chon c mot he thong ap ng c nhu cau ieu khien, viec thiet ke
phan cng va phan mem co the c thc hien oc lap.
III.To chc bo tr phan cng he thong:

Khi xac nh c phan cng thch hp, chung ta phai xem xet en van e bo tr no nh
the nao tren he thong. Cong viec nay n gian la viec xac nh v tr tng modul: CPU, modul
m rong, modul chc nang chuyen dung c lap tren thanh ray.
Viec lap at thong bieu dien bang s o vi chi tiet ve v tr, loai modul, mc tn hieu va
v tr trong bo nh
PSU Main 240V 0-10V 24V 24V 0-10V

CPU 8 Ngo .. 2 kenh 16 ngo 8 ngo 4 kenh
240V Digital Analog Digital Digital Analog
AC
Ngo ra Ngo vao
Bo tr cac PLC dang modul
1. Bo tr trong tu ien:
Co the co nhieu cach bo tr tu ien PLC, phu thuoc vao so lng va loai thiet b s dung
va kch thc vat ly cua tu ien. Ngi ta thng gan PLC vao v tr thuan tien cho thao tac,
cho phep:
- Chen vao va them modul
- Noi cac panen lap trnh
- De dang thao tac noi day pha trc va pha sau panen
- Quan sat de dang cac en ch bao
e giam bt anh hng cua nhieu, thanh gan PLC thng at cach xa toi thieu 80
100mm; khoang cach nay nham tao s thong thoang cho cac modul gan tren thanh.
2. Ket noi day:

Cong viec thiet ke phan cng se da vao s o bo tr va chi tiet cac modul e trien khai s
o noi day cho viec lap at thanh va noi cap vi cac thiet b cua nha may. Nhiem vu thiet ke
ve ien bao gom hoach nh ng noi cap, chi tiet bo tr thanh, nguon cap ien va ong day
cho modul truyen thong. ng i cua cap phai c xem xet e tranh nhieu, cac cap co lien
he vi nhau c nhom chung lai vi nhau va c tach biet vi cac nhom khac.
BO MON T ONG 57
Viec thiet ke nen dung cap co boc che chan e noi vi cac ngo vao/ra cua PLC. Khi noi
cap dai, cac ng tn hieu vao va ra nen tach rieng tren cac day cap khac nhau. Cac boc che
chan nen c noi at tai mot iem duy nhat e tranh nhieu noi at tn hieu.
3. Lap at:
Viec lap at phan cng bao gom viec bo tr cac tu ien va cac thanh gan tren PLC, sau o
lap at va noi day.
Tu gan PLC va cac khe cam phu phai c ap ng ay u yeu cau ve moi trng, nh
van e bao mat, an toan va bao ve nh sau:
- Bao mat: tu at ni chat chan va ca co khoa.
- An toan: trang b mach t ong ngat hay bao ong neu tu ien b m
- Bao ve: tranh o am hay moi trng an mon do khong kh bang cach lam kn tren
khung nap. Viec ngan tnh ien bang cach noi at cho than khung lap.
- Vi muc ch bao tr, cac khe cam c bo tr de dang thc hien kiem tra, thay the
cac modul. Cac en ch th on/off hay en ch th trang thai hoat ong nen gan tren
ca tu.
IV.Chay th chng trnh:
Khi hoan tat viec lap at he thong, bc ke tiep la th he thong. Viec chay th chng
trnh gom hai giai oan c ban:
- Kiem tra viec ket noi day gia PLC va cac thiet b c ieukhien.
- Cai chng trnh ieu khien va chay th chng trnh
Viec noi ket he thong phai c thc hien can than e am bao cac ngo vao/ra c noi
ung en cac ngo vao/ra tren PLC. Trc khi phan cng c kiem tra, phai kiem tra lai toan
bo cac nguon cap ien chnh, viec noi at.
Chay th chng trnh vi ngo vao gia lap:
Cong tac en th / r le
PLC th
Gia lap tn hieu analog ngo Th tn hieu analog

Gia lap dung cong tac
Lap at va chay chng trnh tren he thong that: khi chng trnh a chay th tot, ta co the
chuyen sang bc th tren thiet b thc te .
BO MON T ONG 58
Hieu chnh chng trnh:

Mot trong nhng u iem ln cua PLC la de dang thay oi chng trnh. giai oan thiet
ke va hoan tat d an, u iem nay cho phep thay oi va th i th lai nhieu lan chng trnh
en khi thoa man thiet ke.
Lu chng trnh d phong: Khi hoan tat giai oan th va hieu chnh chng trnh, cac ban
sao d phong tng ng vi tng giai oan phai c lu tr kem theo cac mo ta ve chung.
Ngay ca khi chng trnh c viet xong nen lu mot ban d phong e nap lai chng trnh
khi bo nh tren PLC b h.
V.Lap tai lieu cho he thong:

Tap tai lieu ay u cho viec lap at PLC nen bao gom cac phan sau:
- Cac ac ta ve ke hoach hay tien trnh thc hien.
- Cac ac ta va ac iem ve yeu cau ieu khien
- Cac ac ta ve PLC gom ca so tay ve thiet b can ieu khien.
- Cac ac ta ve cac chc nang cua chng trnh ieu khien, gom lu o hay s o chc
nang, bo nh va s cap phat bo nh.
- Toan bo chng trnh cung vi cac chu thch va giai thch.
- Tap chng trnh d phong.
- S o lap at ien va mo ta
- Danh sach cac thiet b xuat nhap d lieu gom ca man hnh hien th, may in
- So tay s dung ghi chi tiet trnh t khi ong he thong, dng he thong va cac bao
ong cua he thong.
VI.Bao tr he thong PLC:
1. Loi do PLC:
PLC c thiet ke e hoat ong tinh cay va ben vng trong moi trng cong nghiep. ay la
u iem chnh vt troi so vi ieu khien c ien t truyen thong va ieu khien t may vi tnh.
Do cau truc mach ien t mach va can tnh ien hieu qua nen cac mach ien trong PLC s
dung an toan cac ni khong thuan li ve moi trng, de gay ra cac h hong cho phan cng
ve ien va ve vat ly.
PLC c bao ve tranh cac kha nang h hong tren cac ngo vao/ra bi cac mach cach ly
quang (opto-isolated). Viec dung bo nh RAM co nguon pin nuoi hay EEPROM lu gi c
chng trnh bao am c san xuat van c duy tr neu chng trnh b mat hay sai do
nguon cap ien b hong hay trong cac trng hp tng t. Tom lai, cac bien phap kha thi
trong thiet ke c ap dung cho PLC nham at c o tin cay cao co the c vi gia thanh
hp ly.
BO MON T ONG 59
Ty le
H hong
Khoang thi gian hoat ong tot Thi gian
o th bieu dien t le phan tram h hong theo thi gian
Tuy nhien, o tin cay cao khong co ngha la he thong hoan toan khong b hong. Du s
dung cac vi mach ien t co chat lng cao va c lap rap theo tieu chuan cao th PLC van
co loi. PLC thng c th rat ky trc khi xuat xng va chung c cho chay lien tuc
chng trnh th trong thi gian dai.
Loi do PLC: cac loi nghiem trong lam cho PLC b ngng hoat ong, mot so loi khac co the
cho phep PLC tiep tuc hoat ong, hien th ma loi tren cac man hnh thong bao hay tren cac
en bay oan. Khi Self-test khong thanh cong, PLC b ngng hoat ong va khong khi ong
c cho en khi loi c khac phuc.
2. Loi t phan cng ben ngoai PLC:

PLC la mot phan trong phan ieu khien; trong he thong co cam bien, c cau tac ong, day
ket noi, nguon cap ien va chng trnh ieu khien. Moi phan eu co kha nang h hong; tuy
nhien phan ln ty le h hong thuoc ve cac bo phan, thiet b nam ben ngoai PLC nh:
- H hong thiet b vao/ra mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong.
- H hong phan day ket noi.
- H hong phan day ket noi truyen thong.
- Nguon cap ien khong on nh nhieu hai mc nguon.
3. Trnh t lap trnh bao loi:
Van e bao ve: Mot dang loi trong PLC ve s ly thng lien quan en mach bao ve
(watchdog). Hau het PLC co trang b rle bao ve(watchdog relay) ben trong dung e ieu
khien nguon cap ien cho mot hay nhieu thiet b ben ngoai.
Van e an toan: Mac du chng trnh co hoan hao va tinh vi en au th cung co khi s ly
sai, chng trnh se lam viec khong ung ngay ca khi PLC ang hoat ong bnh thng. V
khong co PLC nao co o tin cay la 100% nen la ch co cach la thiet ke mot he thong an toan
thong qua mach phan cng hn la thong qua phan mem.
BO MON T ONG 60
4. Mach an toan bang phan cng:

Cac mach nay phai c thiet ke oc lap vi PLC va nen phoi hp vi cac cong tac bao
ve(watchdog relay) cua PLC e am bao mach nay thc hien viec ngat he thong neu PLC b
loi.
Thng nut nhan Start vaStop c thiet ke noi vao ngo vao cua PLC, ngha la Start va Stop
c thc hien bi chng trnh, trong khi o cong tac va nut nhan EMERGENCY STOP
(dng khan cap) dung e dng s chuyen ong cua may va cac thiet b co nhieu kha nang gay
nguy hiem phai c thiet ke mach phan cng.
Cong tac
wachtdog t PLC en mach emergency
stop cua he thong
nut nhan emergency Khoa h
stop cuc bo (dng)
Nguon
ien
May 0 May 1 May 2
Mach phan cng EMERGENCY STOP thong dung
5. Sa loi :
Khi he thong ieu khien cha lam viec hay ang chay ung, nguyen nhan cac h hong
phai c xac nh, phai c khac phuc theo trnh t:
- Ghi chu va nghien cu cac trieu chng.
- Xac nh cac vung co nghi van.
- Co lap loi.
- Sa loi.
Sa loi : neu loi a c xac nh th can phai thay the mot modun nao o; khi o, tuy
thuoc vao chc nang cua modun o ma co the phai cau hnh lai cho he thong. Neu loi xay ra
trong chng trnh th ngi thiet ke he thong nen xem xet ky trc khi thc hien thay oi nao
o cua chng trnh, v con co cac hoat ong khac lien quan en cac dong lenh se b thay oi.
Khi loi ben ngoai PLC, thiet b hay day noi se c sa cha hay thay the.
Chng trnh
Cam bien Mo-dun Bo x ly Mo-dun Thiet b

ngo vao vao cua PLC ra ngo ra
Nguon cap ien
Cac thanh phan cua he thong PLC

BO MON T ONG 61
ChngVI
S DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WINE

I-Gii thieu:
Phan mem lap trnh cho PLC cua MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC la phan mem
FXGP-WINE .Phan mem nay cho phep lap trnh tren cac c cau san xuat thc te.ay la
phan mem ng dung da tren WINDOWS . Ngoai ra hang MITSUBISHI con co phan mem
mo phong da tren cac c cau san xuat thc te ,nham giup chung ta co mot cai nhn khai
quat hn.
-Dung lng ca FX_WINE 1,38 MB.
-Cai at tren tat ca cac he ieu hanh WINDOWS
-Bo nh 8MB hoac ln hn.
-Display 640x480 hoac cao hn.
-Cong ket noi t PLC en may tnh, cap truyen RS-232C nen may tnh can t nhat
mot cong COM1 hoac nhieu hn.
Khi tao phan mem FX_WINE:
Click vao bieu tng FX e khi tao

phan lap trnh FX-WINE
Viec khi tao phan mem FXGP_WINE tuy thuoc viec cai at phan mem nay tai au.
BO MON T ONG 101

II.Phan mem FXGPWINE:

Sau khi khi tao chng trnh lap trnh FXGPWINE tren man hnh se xuat hien ca so
PLC type setting
Chon ho FX can dung cho viec lap trnh , sau o click OK.
1.Giao dien FXGPWINE:
BO MON T ONG 102

2.Gii thieu ve thanh Menu:

a.Menu File:
*New..: Tao mot chng trnh mi.

*Open..: Mi mot chng trnh mi.
*Save : Lu mot chng trnh .
*Save as :Lu chng trnh vi mot ten khac.
*Exit : Thoat khoi chng trnh FXGPWINE.
b.Menu edit :
BO MON T ONG 103

* Cut : Xoa tai v tr con tro.

* Line delete :Xoa mot dong tai v tr con tro.
* Line Insert :Chen mot dong tai v tr con tro.
Trong thanh MenuEditLine insert
* Block select : Xac nh v tr cua khoi tai up va
down.
* Coil comment:V tr cuon day.
* Block comment:V tr khoi.
c.Menu Tools:
*Contact :Khai bao cac tiep iem thng ong va thng m.
*Coil: Khai bao cuon day.
*Function: Khai bao ve ham truyen.
*Wire: Khai bao cac line trong mach.
*All clear:Xoa tat ca line.
*Convert: Xac nhan cac line.
BO MON T ONG 104

d.MenuView:
Ladder view :Chuyen t ngon ng Instruction sang Ladder.

Instruction view :Chuyen t ngon ng ladder sang Instruction.
SFC view : Chuyen sang ngon ng SFC.
Comment view: khai bao ve cac thiet b
lap trnh.
Khai bao ten cac thiet b I/O:
Tai thanh Menu ViewComment View
-Device name: ten thiet b.

-Device comment: Chu thch ve
thiet b X, Y, T, C, M, S.
-Block comment: Chu thch ve
khoi Ladder trong Step#.
-Coil comment : Chu thch ve cuon
day trong Step#.
Tai ca so Comment sau khi nhap
double vao Device comment, tuy
theo viec chon thiet b .Sau o khai bao
cac thiet b tai ca so Comment. Go vao ten cac thiet b
X,Y,T,C,M,S chon OK.
BO MON T ONG 105

Nhap double vao Block comment

se xuat hien ca so Set Step numer.
Sau o xuat hien ca so Block comment
Tai ay khai bao cac khoi (Block).
Go vao so bc can chu thch . Chon OK
Go vao cac chu thch
Nhap double vao Coil comment xuat hien

ca so Set Step number.
Sau o xuat hien ca so Coil comment .
Tai ay khai bao cac cuon day (Coil).
Go vao so bc can chu thch . Chon OK
BO MON T ONG 106

Go vao cac chu thch
e.Menu PLC :
Tranfers : nap chng trnh PLC t may tnh en bo ieu khien lap trnh
Read : nap chng t bo PLC ve may tnh .
Write : nap chng trnh t may tnh en bo PLC.
Verify : co chc nang kiem tra lai qua trnh nap chng trnh.
Register data tranfers : kiem tra d lieu thanh ghi .
PLC memory clear : co chc nang xoa bo nh cua PLC.
BO MON T ONG 107

f. Menu Option :
Chc nang quan trong nhat cua thanh cong cu nay la kiem tra loi cua chng trnh .
Chon Option Program check Sau o se xuat hien ca so Program check
Syntax error check: kiem tra loi ve cu phap trong ngon ng lap trnh PLC.
Double coil check, kiem tra loi ve thiet b ngo ra cua PLC , bao gom cac lenh:
OUT, SET, RST, PLS, PLF, MC.
Circuit error check: kiem tra ve loi mach ien .
Chon Exit e kiem tra loi cua chng trnh .
Chu y:
- No error : Khong co loi, va co the nap chng trnh t may tnh vao PLC.
BO MON T ONG 108

III. Cac bc lap mot chng trnh mi:

1.M mot tap tin mi:
Nhan Ctrl+N, hoac vao Menu FILENEW , hay co the kch vao bieu tng .
2.Chon kieu PLC:

Sau khi tao tap tin mi
se xuat hien ca so PLC type
settingFX1OK.
3.M mot tap tin:

Kch vao bieu tng , hay vao Menu FILEOPEN, hoac nhan CTRL+O
4.Lu mot tap tin:

Kch vao bieu tng , hay vao Menu FILESAVE, hoac nhan CTRL+S .
IV. Phng phap lap trnh:

1.Ngon ng lap trnh LADDER:
Ngon ng ladder thng c s dung e thiet ke he thong ieu khien mi .Khi
viet chng trnh ladder e ieu khien thiet b co hoat ong n gian th t co oi hoi ve
hoach nh va thiet ke chng trnh .Ngi viet chng trnh co the hieu ro cac chc
nang cung nh hoat ong cua no , nhng ch trong mot thi gian nhat nh th ho se quen
i.Do o can phai co ke hoach e thiet ke mot chng trnh ieu khien lap trnh dang
Ladder.
Ngon ng lap trnh ladder c s dung rong rai, ay la ngon ng lap trnh dang
bac thang. Ngon ng nay co dang nh mot s o mach ien logic va dung cac ky hieu
ien e bieu dien cac cong tac logic ngo vao va cac relay logic ngo ra. Phan mem lap
trnh co nhiem vu bien dch cac ky hieu logic tren thanh ma may va c lu vao bo nh
cua PLC. Sau o, PLC se thc hien cac nhiem vu ieu khien theo logic the hien trong
chng trnh.
Ve phng phap lap trnh ngon ng ladder gom cac bc sau:
Xac nh yeu cau va phan tch yeu cau .
Thiet ke chng trnh.
Lap tai lieu thiet ke chng trnh.
Chay th chng trnh bang cac mo hnh gia nh.
ay la thanh cong cu s dung lap trnh cho Lader Bao

gom cac tiep iem , cac thiet b va cac ham truyen at
dung e lap trnh mot chng trnh PLC.
BO MON T ONG 109

a.Tiep iem thng m:

Kch bieu tng hoac nhan phm F5.Xuat hien ca so Input device.
Go vao ten thiet b ngo vao (Input device). Chon OK hay
b.Tiep iem thng m song song :

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm Shift + F5 .Trong ca so Input device, go
vao ten thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).
c.Tiep iem thng ong:

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Trong ca so Input device , go vao ten
thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).
d. Tiep iem thng ong song song :

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Trong ca so Input device , go vao ten
thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).
e. X ly trang thai mach:

*Mach thang: Kch vao hoac nhan phm F9 va Enter ( ).
*Mach re nhanh: Kch vao hoac nhan phm Shitf+F9 va Enter ( ).
f. Cuon day:
Kch vao hoac nhan phm F7 .Xuat hien ca so Input device
Go vao ten thiet b ngo ra (output device). Chon OK hay enter
BO MON T ONG 110

Cac dang cuon day:

*Cuon day Y:
*Relay phu tr M:
*Cuon day Timer (T):
*Relay trang thai S: (c hieu)
*Cuon day Counter (C):
g.Cung cap ham truyen at :

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F8 .Xuat hien khung ca so Input instruction
Go vao ten ham truyen. Chon OK hay enter
V du:
SET S0

2.Dang INSTRUCTION:
ay la dang lap trnh PLC c s dung cac lenh c ban trong chng 3 a trnh bay tren.
Giaodien:
Go vao ten ham truyen. Hay lenh
BO MON T ONG 111

b.Thanh cong cu:
*Lenh LD: nhan phm F5

*Lenh AND: nhan phm F6
*Lenh OR: nhan phm F7
*Lenh ANB: nhan phm F8
*Lenh OUT: nhan phm F9
Chu y :
Chen mot dong trong vung lap trnh dang Instruction:
Trong thanh Menu EditNOP insert..
So can chen so ch tai v tr vet sang
V. BAI TAP NG DUNG PHAN MEM FX-WINE

A-Nhng ham logic c ban dung trong lap trnh :
a. Ham LD :
b. Ham LDI :
c. Ham LDP :
d. Ham LDF :
BO MON T ONG 112

e. Ham AND :
f. Ham ANDI :
g. Ham ANF :
h. Ham ANP :
i. Ham OR :
j. Ham ORI :
BO MON T ONG 113

k. Ham ORP :
l. Ham ORF :
m. Ham ANB :
n. Ham ORB :
o. Ham OUT :
p. Ham SET :
q. Ham RST :
BO MON T ONG 114

r. Ham END :
ay la ham ket thuc mot chng trnh lap trnh .
s. Ham tuan t STL:

Trong o ta co ham ket thuc RET dung e khi tao lai trang thai ban au cua chng
trnh tuan t. Thong qua cac c S0 en S9 cho phep chung ta la chon trang thai khi
tao thong qua cac c chuyen dung M8041 hoac cac c chc nang khac.
B-BAI TAP NG DUNG :
Ky hieu cac thiet b trong lap trnh:

1.Thiet b ngo vao (Input ) la X.
2.Thiet b ngo ra (Output ) la Y.
3.C trang thai (Internal flag) la M hoac S.
4.Bo nh th (Timer) la T.
5.Bo em (Counter) la C.
6.Hang so (Constant) la K ,c dung trong Timer va Counter.
I.Dang bai tap c ban:
1.Viet mot chng trnh PLC ieu khien trc tiep ong c khong ong bo ba pha s dung
ngon ng Ladder va Instruction.
Bai lam:
a.Dang Ladder: b.Dang Instruction:
LD X000
OR Y000
ANI X001
OUT Y000
END
c.Cac ngo I/O:

*Nut nhan OFF X001.
*Nut nhan ON X000.
*Cuon day Contacter ieu khien ong c ba pha. Y0
BO MON T ONG 115

2.Viet mot chng trnh PLC ieu khien ong c khong ong ba pha quay hai che o thuan
va nghch.
Bai lam:
a.Dang Ladder: b.Dang Instruction:

LDI X000
LD X001
OR Y000
ANB
ANI Y001
OUT Y000
LDI X002
LD X003
OR Y001
ANB
ANI Y000
OUT Y001
END
c.Cac ngo I/ O:
*Nut nhan OFF X000 va X002.
*Nut nhan ON X001 va X003.
*Cuon day Contacter quay thuan la Y000.
* Cuon day Contacter quay nghch la Y001.
II.Cac bai tap ve Timer:

1.Viet mot chng trnh khi ong ong c vi yeu cau sau: khi tac ong ON sau 3 giay
ong c hoat ong.
Bai lam:
a.Dang Ladder:
BO MON T ONG 116

b.Dang Instruction:
LDI X000
LD X001
OR M1
ANB
MPS
ANI Y000
OUT T0 K30
MPP
OUT M1
LDI X000
LD T3
OR Y000
ANB
AND M1
OUT Y000
END
Cac ngo I/O:

*Nut nhan OFF la X000
*Nut nhan ON la X001
*Rle phu M1
*Timer la T0 K30
*Cuon day Contacter la Y000.
III. Mot so bai tap nang cao :

1.Viet chng trnh ieu khien mot bang tai vi nhng yeu cau sau :bang tai chuyen ong
theo chieu t trai sang phai sau thi gian 5 giay bang tai se chuyen ong ngc tr lai .
2.Viet chng trnh ieu khien ong c vi yeu cau sau : ong c 1 hoat ong sau khi nhan
ON , sau 5 giay th ong c 2 hoat ong .
3.Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en cau thang hai che o .
4. Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en cau thang ba che o .
5. Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en ham lo .
6.Viet chng trnh ieu khien ong c vi yeu cau nh sau : ong c 1 hoat ong khi nhan
ON sau 5 giay ong c 2 hoat ong va sau 3 giay ong c 3 hoat ong .Khi tac ong OFF th
ong c 3 ngng hoat ong , sau 2giay ong c 1 va 2 ngng hoat ong .
BO MON T ONG 117
7.Viet chng trnh ieu khien trnh t c cau cap phoi cho may dap :
Piston kh nen
Phoi
Thiet b nhan
phoi
Bang tai cap phoi
Sensor nhan biet

san pham
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua c cau :

Trang thai 1 :Bang tai hoat ong , xy- lanh co , c cau dap khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 2 :Xy-lanh duoi ra , bang tai dng , c cau dap khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 3 :Xy lanh co , bang tai dng , c cau ket khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 4 :C cau dap hoat ong , bang tai dng , xy lanh co.
Sau o quay ve trang thai 1 .
Thiet b I/O tren PLC Thiet b I/O tren PLC

LS1 x1 Trang thai 3 m103
LS2 x2 Trang thai 4 m104
LS3 x3 Bang tai y1
LS4 x4 Xy lanh duoi y2
Trang thai 1 m101 Xy lanh co y3
Trang thai 2 m102 Dap y4
Khi ong m1
BO MON T ONG 118

Chng trnh ieu khien :
BO MON T ONG 119

8. Viet chng trnh ieu khien may x ly hoa chat :
He thong gom 4 bon cha co cac bm e chuyen chat long qua he thong , moi bon c gan
mot cam bien e nhan biet khi nao bon can hay ay va bon 2 phan t phat nong c noi vi
cam bien nhiet o . Bon 3 c gan mot can khuay e tron hai thanh phan t long khi chung
c vao bon 1 va 2 . Cac bon pha di , bon 3va 4 , co dung tch gap oi bon 1 va 2
Bon 1 Alkal Bon 2 Polime
Bon 3 Bon 4
Bnh phan ng Bo loc San pham
S o he thong x ly hoa chat
Nguyen ly hoat ong :
Bon 1 va 2 c o ay cac t cac bon cha chat kiem va polime rieng biet , thong qua bm
1 va 2 . Bm 1 va 2 ngng hoat ong khi co tn hieu t cam bien bao ay bon .Phan t phat
nong trong bon 2 c kch hoat , nang nhiet o polime len 60C . Khi cam bien nhiet o ong
, tn hieu nay se tat bo ieu khien rung va kch hoat bm 3 va 4 e chuyen dung dch vao bon
phan ng , bon 3. can khuay cung c kch hoat khi bon nay co hon hp dung dch va trong
khoang thi gian toi thieu la 60 giay , bm 5 se chuyen hon hp a tron vao bon 4 , bon san
pham , thong qua bo loc . Bm 5 dng hoat ong khi bon 4 ay va bon 3 can . Cuoi cung , san
pham dung dch c a vao bon cha lu tr .Qua trnh x ly ket thuc mot chu ky hoat
ong.
Viet chng trnh ieu khien vi nguyen ly tren.
BO MON T ONG 120

chng VII
LA CHON, LAP AT, KIEM TRA

VA BAO TR HE THONG PLC
I. Xem xet s kha thi :
Trong trng hp nao o viec xem xet ve s kha thi la yeu cau khong the thieu trong mot
quyet nh hay mot giai phap ieu khien. Pham vi cua lnh vc nay co the thay oi rat
nhieu, t viec n gian la ac ta tnh kha thi cua yeu cau cho en viec phan tch toan dien
moi trng hp. Viec nghien cu tnh kha thi bao gom nhng lnh vc sau:
- tnh kha thi ve kinh te
- tnh kha thi ve ky thuat
- s la chon cac phng an : nghien cu anh gia cac phng an e a ra phng an
toi u.
II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC:
V PLC c thiet ke dang modun nen gan nh viec thiet ke va cai at phan cng, phan mem
c thc hien ong thi nhng oc lap vi nhau. Viec thc hien nh vay co u iem la tiet
kiem thi gian va he thong linh hoat bat chat chc nang cua he thong.
1. Chon PLC :
Hien nay tren th trng co rat nhieu loai PLC vi cac tnh nang ngay cang c tang
cng nham cai thien hieu suat va chat lng. Tuy nhien, hau het PLC cung c th co cac
chc nang ieu khien tng ng nhau. iem khac nhau quan trong nhat la ngon ng lap
trnh, cung vi cac mc o ve s ho tr cua nha san xuat. S ho tr t nha san xuat la yeu to
quan trong khi thc hien thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien t ong.
Viec chon PLC cua hang nao la do s quen dung oi vi PLC o va he thong ieu khien
noi chung. oi vi nhng ngi co kinh nghiem trong viec thiet ke va lap at he thong ieu
khien, van e quan trong la s vt troi ve ky thuat va hieu suat. oi vi nhng ngi cha co
kinh nghiem nhieu ve PLC va khong nam vng ve th trng PLC th can xem xet nhng van
e sau ay :
- ngi dung co nhan c s ho tr trong cong viec thiet ke?
- T le ve th trng va lnh vc ng dung cua nha san xuat.
- Nha san xuat co to chc cac khoa huan luyen ve he thong PLC ang s dung?
- So tay va tai lieu hien co vi ngon ng oc c.
- Kha nang tng thch gia cac he thong tng ng hoac loai PLC khac cua cung
nha san xuat.
- Phng phap lap trnh co thch hp vi cac ieu khien ng dung.
2. Loai va c PLC:
S lu chon nay co the thc hien cung vi viec la chon nha san xuat PLC. Quy mo cua
he thong co mot so iem can xem xet:
- Yeu cau ngo vao ra can thiet
BO MON T ONG 121

- Loai ngo vao/ra.

- Dung lng bo nh.
- Toc do va kha nang cua CPU va tap lenh.
3. So lng ngo vao ra:

So lng ngo vao ra cua PLC phai co kha nang ap ng u so ng tn hieu t cam bien
cung nh ng ieu khien phan cong suat do c cau tac ong. Cac tn hieu khong nhng tuan
theo cac ch tieu ky thuat cua he thong nh la mc ien ap, dong tai, tan so ap ng ma con
quan tam en cac iem sau:
- So lng va ngo vao ra tren moi modun(hay tren PLC neu cac ngo vao ra co san
tren PLC) .
- S cach ly gia bo ieu khien va phan cong suat ieu khien c cau tac ong.
- Nhu cau ve ngo vao ra s ly toc o cao, ieu khien au ra t xa, hay cac chc nang
chuyen dung khac.
- Nhu cau m rong them kha nang m rong va lap at them ngo vao ra.
- Nguon cap ien cho cac ngo vao ra, ngh la nhu cau co modun PSU (Power Source
Unitl) cung cap cho mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong
4. Dung lng bo nh:

oi vi PLC co kha nang m rong bo nh th dung lng bo nh co the c m rong
bang cach gan them hop bo nh (memory cassette). Dung lng bo nh phu thuoc vao so
lng ngo vao ra s dung tren he thong. Mot chng trnh ieu khien phc tap, dung nhieu
logic khoa lan hay cac chng trnh trnh t hien nhien can nhieu bo nh hn la chng trnh
n gian.
BO NH CAN THIET = BO NH NGO VAO RA + BO NH CHNG TRNH + BO

NH LU D LIEU CHO CAC LENH CHUYEN DUNG + KHOANG DUNG LNG
CAN THIET CHO M RONG VA HIEU CHNH CHNG TRNH SAU NAY.
5. Tap lenh CPU:

Moi PLC eu phai co tap lenh e phuc vu cho viec lap trnh giai quyet cac nhiem vu ieu
khien. Tat ca cac PLC eu co the hieu c lenh ieu khien logic, ieu khien trnh t s
khac nhau noi bat la kha nang s ly d lieu, nhng chc nang chuyen dung va truyen thong.
PLC loai ln co tap lenh manh hn cac PLC nho hn. Tuy nhien ta nen xem xet ky kha nang
cua PLC loai nho va trung bnh thng co the cung co cac chc nang chuyen dung rat tot nh
chc nang ieu khien PID.
cac PLC dang modun co the la chon c modun CPU vi cac mc o va toc o va
kha nang s ly. Khi so lng va kha nang s ly tang, yeu cau ve toc o CPU cung tang, v khi
o CPU phai x ly nhieu lenh hn trong mot chu ky quet cua PLC. ieu o co the oi hoi
phai dung CPU manh hn neu thi gian quet khong ap ng c nhu cau.
BO MON T ONG 122

e co the la chon c mot he thong ap ng c nhu cau ieu khien, viec thiet ke
phan cng va phan mem co the c thc hien oc lap.
III.To chc bo tr phan cng he thong:

Khi xac nh c phan cng thch hp, chung ta phai xem xet en van e bo tr no nh
the nao tren he thong. Cong viec nay n gian la viec xac nh v tr tng modul: CPU, modul
m rong, modul chc nang chuyen dung c lap tren thanh ray.
Viec lap at thong bieu dien bang s o vi chi tiet ve v tr, loai modul, mc tn hieu va
v tr trong bo nh
PSU Main 240V 0-10V 24V 24V 0-10V

CPU 8 Ngo .. 2 kenh 16 ngo 8 ngo 4 kenh
240V Digital Analog Digital Digital Analog
AC
Ngo ra Ngo vao
Bo tr cac PLC dang modul
1. Bo tr trong tu ien:
Co the co nhieu cach bo tr tu ien PLC, phu thuoc vao so lng va loai thiet b s dung
va kch thc vat ly cua tu ien. Ngi ta thng gan PLC vao v tr thuan tien cho thao tac,
cho phep:
- Chen vao va them modul
- Noi cac panen lap trnh
- De dang thao tac noi day pha trc va pha sau panen
- Quan sat de dang cac en ch bao
e giam bt anh hng cua nhieu, thanh gan PLC thng at cach xa toi thieu 80
100mm; khoang cach nay nham tao s thong thoang cho cac modul gan tren thanh.
2. Ket noi day:

Cong viec thiet ke phan cng se da vao s o bo tr va chi tiet cac modul e trien khai s
o noi day cho viec lap at thanh va noi cap vi cac thiet b cua nha may. Nhiem vu thiet ke
ve ien bao gom hoach nh ng noi cap, chi tiet bo tr thanh, nguon cap ien va ong day
cho modul truyen thong. ng i cua cap phai c xem xet e tranh nhieu, cac cap co lien
he vi nhau c nhom chung lai vi nhau va c tach biet vi cac nhom khac.
Viec thiet ke nen dung cap co boc che chan e noi vi cac ngo vao/ra cua PLC. Khi noi
cap dai, cac ng tn hieu vao va ra nen tach rieng tren cac day cap khac nhau. Cac boc che
chan nen c noi at tai mot iem duy nhat e tranh nhieu noi at tn hieu.
BO MON T ONG 123

3. Lap at:
Viec lap at phan cng bao gom viec bo tr cac tu ien va cac thanh gan tren PLC, sau o
lap at va noi day.
Tu gan PLC va cac khe cam phu phai c ap ng ay u yeu cau ve moi trng, nh
van e bao mat, an toan va bao ve nh sau:
- Bao mat: tu at ni chat chan va ca co khoa.
- An toan: trang b mach t ong ngat hay bao ong neu tu ien b m
- Bao ve: tranh o am hay moi trng an mon do khong kh bang cach lam kn tren
khung nap. Viec ngan tnh ien bang cach noi at cho than khung lap.
- Vi muc ch bao tr, cac khe cam c bo tr de dang thc hien kiem tra, thay the
cac modul. Cac en ch th on/off hay en ch th trang thai hoat ong nen gan tren
ca tu.
IV. Chay th chng trnh:
Khi hoan tat viec lap at he thong, bc ke tiep la th he thong. Viec chay th chng
trnh gom hai giai oan c ban:
- Kiem tra viec ket noi day gia PLC va cac thiet b c ieukhien.
- Cai chng trnh ieu khien va chay th chng trnh
Viec noi ket he thong phai c thc hien can than e am bao cac ngo vao/ra c noi
ung en cac ngo vao/ra tren PLC. Trc khi phan cng c kiem tra, phai kiem tra lai toan
bo cac nguon cap ien chnh, viec noi at.
Chay th chng trnh vi ngo vao gia lap:
Cong tac en th / r le
PLC th
Gia lap tn hieu analog ngo Th tn hieu analog

Gia lap dung cong tac
Lap at va chay chng trnh tren he thong that: khi chng trnh a chay th tot, ta co the
chuyen sang bc th tren thiet b thc te .
BO MON T ONG 124

Hieu chnh chng trnh:

Mot trong nhng u iem ln cua PLC la de dang thay oi chng trnh. giai oan thiet
ke va hoan tat d an, u iem nay cho phep thay oi va th i th lai nhieu lan chng trnh
en khi thoa man thiet ke.
Lu chng trnh d phong: Khi hoan tat giai oan th va hieu chnh chng trnh, cac ban
sao d phong tng ng vi tng giai oan phai c lu tr kem theo cac mo ta ve chung.
Ngay ca khi chng trnh c viet xong nen lu mot ban d phong e nap lai chng trnh
khi bo nh tren PLC b h.
V.Lap tai lieu cho he thong:

Tap tai lieu ay u cho viec lap at PLC nen bao gom cac phan sau:
- Cac ac ta ve ke hoach hay tien trnh thc hien.
- Cac ac ta va ac iem ve yeu cau ieu khien
- Cac ac ta ve PLC gom ca so tay ve thiet b can ieu khien.
- Cac ac ta ve cac chc nang cua chng trnh ieu khien, gom lu o hay s o chc
nang, bo nh va s cap phat bo nh.
- Toan bo chng trnh cung vi cac chu thch va giai thch.
- Tap chng trnh d phong.
- S o lap at ien va mo ta
- Danh sach cac thiet b xuat nhap d lieu gom ca man hnh hien th, may in
- So tay s dung ghi chi tiet trnh t khi ong he thong, dng he thong va cac bao
ong cua he thong.
VI.Bao tr he thong PLC:

1. Loi do PLC:
PLC c thiet ke e hoat ong tinh cay va ben vng trong moi trng cong nghiep. ay la
u iem chnh vt troi so vi ieu khien c ien t truyen thong va ieu khien t may vi tnh.
Do cau truc mach ien t mach va can tnh ien hieu qua nen cac mach ien trong PLC s
dung an toan cac ni khong thuan li ve moi trng, de gay ra cac h hong cho phan cng
ve ien va ve vat ly.
PLC c bao ve tranh cac kha nang h hong tren cac ngo vao/ra bi cac mach cach ly
quang (opto-isolated). Viec dung bo nh RAM co nguon pin nuoi hay EEPROM lu gi c
chng trnh bao am c san xuat van c duy tr neu chng trnh b mat hay sai do
nguon cap ien b hong hay trong cac trng hp tng t. Tom lai, cac bien phap kha thi
trong thiet ke c ap dung cho PLC nham at c o tin cay cao co the c vi gia thanh
hp ly.
BO MON T ONG 125

Ty le
H hong
Khoang thi gian hoat ong tot Thi gian
o th bieu dien t le phan tram h hong theo thi gian
Tuy nhien, o tin cay cao khong co ngha la he thong hoan toan khong b hong. Du s
dung cac vi mach ien t co chat lng cao va c lap rap theo tieu chuan cao th PLC van
co loi. PLC thng c th rat ky trc khi xuat xng va chung c cho chay lien tuc
chng trnh th trong thi gian dai.
Loi do PLC: cac loi nghiem trong lam cho PLC b ngng hoat ong, mot so loi khac co the
cho phep PLC tiep tuc hoat ong, hien th ma loi tren cac man hnh thong bao hay tren cac
en bay oan. Khi Self-test khong thanh cong, PLC b ngng hoat ong va khong khi ong
c cho en khi loi c khac phuc.
2. Loi t phan cng ben ngoai PLC:

PLC la mot phan trong phan ieu khien; trong he thong co cam bien, c cau tac ong, day
ket noi, nguon cap ien va chng trnh ieu khien. Moi phan eu co kha nang h hong; tuy
nhien phan ln ty le h hong thuoc ve cac bo phan, thiet b nam ben ngoai PLC nh:
- H hong thiet b vao/ra mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong.
- H hong phan day ket noi.
- H hong phan day ket noi truyen thong.
- Nguon cap ien khong on nh nhieu hai mc nguon.
3. Trnh t lap trnh bao loi:
Van e bao ve: Mot dang loi trong PLC ve s ly thng lien quan en mach bao ve
(watchdog). Hau het PLC co trang b rle bao ve(watchdog relay) ben trong dung e ieu
khien nguon cap ien cho mot hay nhieu thiet b ben ngoai.
Van e an toan: Mac du chng trnh co hoan hao va tinh vi en au th cung co khi s ly
sai, chng trnh se lam viec khong ung ngay ca khi PLC ang hoat ong bnh thng. V
khong co PLC nao co o tin cay la 100% nen la ch co cach la thiet ke mot he thong an toan
thong qua mach phan cng hn la thong qua phan mem.
BO MON T ONG 126

4. Mach an toan bang phan cng:

Cac mach nay phai c thiet ke oc lap vi PLC va nen phoi hp vi cac cong tac bao
ve(watchdog relay) cua PLC e am bao mach nay thc hien viec ngat he thong neu PLC b
loi.
Thng nut nhan Start vaStop c thiet ke noi vao ngo vao cua PLC, ngha la Start va Stop
c thc hien bi chng trnh, trong khi o cong tac va nut nhan EMERGENCY STOP
(dng khan cap) dung e dng s chuyen ong cua may va cac thiet b co nhieu kha nang gay
nguy hiem phai c thiet ke mach phan cng.
Cong tac
wachtdog t PLC en mach emergency
stop cua he thong
nut nhan emergency Khoa h
stop cuc bo (dng)
Nguon
ien
May 0 May 1 May 2
Mach phan cng EMERGENCY STOP thong dung
5. Sa loi :
Khi he thong ieu khien cha lam viec hay ang chay ung, nguyen nhan cac h hong
phai c xac nh, phai c khac phuc theo trnh t:
- Ghi chu va nghien cu cac trieu chng.
- Xac nh cac vung co nghi van.
- Co lap loi.
- Sa loi.
Sa loi : neu loi a c xac nh th can phai thay the mot modun nao o; khi o, tuy
thuoc vao chc nang cua modun o ma co the phai cau hnh lai cho he thong. Neu loi xay ra
trong chng trnh th ngi thiet ke he thong nen xem xet ky trc khi thc hien thay oi nao
o cua chng trnh, v con co cac hoat ong khac lien quan en cac dong lenh se b thay oi.
Khi loi ben ngoai PLC, thiet b hay day noi se c sa cha hay thay the.
Chng trnh
Cam bien Mo-dun Bo x ly Mo-dun Thiet b

ngo vao vao cua PLC ra ngo ra
Nguon cap ien
Cac thanh phan cua he thong PLC

BO MON T ONG 127

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TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.

GIAO TRNH MON HOC

BIEN SOAN : LE HOANG VINH *AO DUY KHNG

TAI BAN THANG 07 NAM 2006

Chng 1: GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC. 2

Chng 2: CAC THIET B VA LENH C BAN 11

Chng 3: KY THUAT LAP TRNH STEP LADDER 28

Chng 4: HNG DAN S DUNG PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-E... 31

Chng 5: CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONG PLC FXTRN-BEG-E ... 43

Chng 6: S DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WIN E... 101

Chng 7: LA CHON, LAP AT VA KIEM TRA... 121

GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC

II .KHAI QUAT VE BO LAP TRNH PLC

Ch tieu so sanh Role Mach so May tnh PLC

4. Pham vi ng dung PLC :

ng dung PLC trong cac lnh vc

III . CAU TRUC PHAN CNG PLC HO FX CUA HANG MITSUBISHI

Cau truc cua PLC c phan thanh cac phan nh sau :

1. n v ieu khien trung tam ( CPU : Central Processing Unit )

3. Cac Module xuat-nhap ( Input Output ) :

IV. GII THIEU CAC PLC HO FX FAMILY

6. PLC loai FX2NC

Dang Instruction Dang Ladder Dang SFC / STL

II . CAC THIET B C BAN DUNG TRONG LAP TRNH

III . CACH OC LOGIC CUA CHNG TRNH LADDER

1 . TAP LENH LOAD va LOAD INVERSE

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

LD Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai X, Y, M, S,

2 . TAP LENH OUT

lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet

3. TAP LENH AND, AND INVERSE

AND Noi tiep cac cong tac NO (thng X, Y, M,

ANI Noi tiep cac cong tac NC (thng X, Y, M,

4. TAP LENH OR , OR INVERSE

OR Noi song song cac cong tac NO X, Y,

5. TAP LENH OR BLOCK

ORB Noi song song nhieu mach Khong

Lap trnh tuan t Lap trnh theo

6. TAP LENH AND BLOCK :

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

Dung phng phap lap trnh tuan t

oc ket qua hien hanh Khon

Goi ket qua a lu va MPP Khon

* Cach dung cac tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP :

Cac chng trnh v du :

TAP LENH SET va RESET

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

at mot thiet b (bit) len Y, M, S

at mot thiet b (bit) Y, M, S, D,

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

at lai gia tr tac Y, M, S, D,

Hoat ong chung cua bo nh th :

Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Sai so trung bnh cho ca hai trng hp :

So lng bo em co the dung :

Gia tr thc s cua

9. NGO VAO / RA (Input / Output)

V du cach dung ngo ra :

So lng cac ngo vao/ra :

1. Role phu tr on nh trang thai :

2. Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot :

Dang mach t nh Dang mach c chot