Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Profession in the
Twenty-First Century
Progress Report
1995 2001
The Health Education
Profession in the
Twenty-First Century
Progress Report
1995 2001
Overview ............................................................................. 1
Definition ............................................................. 5
Introduction......................................................... 5
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 5
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 12
Future Actions ..................................................... 13
Definition ............................................................. 14
Introduction......................................................... 14
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 15
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 16
Future Actions ..................................................... 18
Research ..................................................................... 21
Definition ............................................................. 21
Introduction......................................................... 21
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 21
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 23
Future Actions ..................................................... 24
Advocacy ..................................................................... 25
Definition ............................................................. 25
Introduction......................................................... 25
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 25
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 28
Future Actions ..................................................... 29
Promoting the Profession ............................................. 31
Definition ............................................................. 31
Introduction ......................................................... 31
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 31
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 34
Future Actions ..................................................... 36
Definition ............................................................. 38
Introduction ......................................................... 38
Internal Actions/Goals ......................................... 38
External Actions/Goals ........................................ 39
Future Actions ..................................................... 41
Afterword ............................................................................ 49
References........................................................................... 53
NOTE:
Page numbers are not accurate in this PDF.
No appendices have been included here.
PREFACE
Outstanding accomplishments in advancing the health of the public are frequently cel-
ebrated as we enter the new century. One hundred years ago, no one could have forecast
the possibility of organ transplants or the eradication of fearful infectious diseases such
as smallpox or polio. As exciting as these accomplishments are, however, we know that
many challenges still remain to be addressed, such as the existing racial and ethnic
disparities in health status, emerging or reemerging pathogens, the adoption of healthy
lifestyles, and the potential applications of the Human Genome Project.
For those of us in the health education profession, critical achievements during the past
century for the profession were the accreditation of schools and programs offering degrees
with a concentration in health education and the establishment of a credentialing system
for health educators. Dr. Helen Cleary has provided a chronology of the comprehensive
effort that was required by our professional organizations to develop a consensus for the
framework that now describes the entry-level competencies in health education for the
profession. This framework provides critical guidance for institutions preparing health
educators as well as for the credentialing process of individuals. Without a continuation
of the joint effort of all health education professional organizations for quality assurance,
however, the maturation of the health education profession in this new century will not be
possible.
With the subsequent birth of a certification process for health education specialists at the
close of the 20th century, it is now critical for the health education profession to continue
its joint work as together we address the next implementation challenges. Just as the
accomplishments of the past century provide the foundation for the next level of public
health achievements, the foundation for the entry-level practitioner has been established
for us to move forward with the credentialing process and to assure that our academic
institutions training the next generation of health educators seek the appropriate accredi-
tation. As a profession, it is up to each one of us to ensure that entry-level competencies
are recognized, translated into curricular requirements for accreditation, and serve as the
foundation for the continued development and validation of advanced-level competencies.
The following report provides the foundation for our next steps as we enter the 21st cen-
tury. Critical recommendations have been identified by a working group that includes
representation from our health education professional organizations, accrediting bodies,
and academic institutions. While it includes the philosophy and vision for our future
directions, it will take the commitment of each one of us to be sure that the recommenda-
tions are translated into action. This is an exciting time to be actively involved in the
practice and profession of health education. With a renewed commitment by each one of
us, the future directions for quality assurance in the practice and profession of health
education will be realized.
OVERVIEW
In June 1995, the National Commission for The national organizations participated in
Health Education Credentialing, Inc., and this forum out of a desire to work together
the Coalition of National Health Education toward defining and then achieving goals
Organizations, USA, convened a forum in and objectives intended to advance the
Atlanta, Georgia, to consider the future of profession of health education and to speak
the health education profession (The Health with a common voice on issues affecting the
Education Profession in the Twenty-First profession.
Century: Setting the Stage, Journal of The participating organizations (see Appen-
Health Education, 27(6), 357-364, 1996). dix A for a description of each organization)
Twenty-four participants represented 10 were :
national professional organizations, each of
which focus on health education. The American Association for Health
Education (AAHE),
These organizations have a history of work-
ing collaboratively on major projects that American College Health Association
affect the profession. Examples of such (ACHA),
collaborative accomplishments prior to American Public Health Association:
1995 include: Public Health Education and Health
delineating the competencies and key Promotion Section (APHA-PHEHP),
responsibilities of entry-level health American Public Health Association:
educators (National Commission for School Health Education and Services
Health Education Credentialing, Inc., Section (APHA-SHES),
A Competency-Based Framework for
Professional Development of Certified American School Health Association
Health Education Specialists. Allen- (ASHA),
town, PA: National Commission for Association of State and Territorial
Health Education Credentialing, Directors of Health Promotion and
1996); Public Health Education (ASTDHP-
establishing a Credentialing system; PHE),
and experience found in the profession. The In 1996, the Journal of Health Education
organizations collectively represent stu- published a report of the initial forum (vol.
dents in colleges and universities studying 27, no. 6, pp. 357-364). To act on the
to become professionals in health educa- results of the initial forum, delegates from
tion, health educators practicing in a vari- the national organizations participated in
ety of sites: schools, colleges and universi- over 30 conference calls and additional
ties, hospitals and clinics, business, indus- face-to-face meetings in conjunction with
try, voluntary health organizations and other conferences between January 1997
government, and at a variety of levels: local, and December 1999. (See Appendix B for a
regional, state, tribal, national, and inter- list of those participating.) They critically
national. Two organizations have no indi- analyzed the actions within the six focal
vidual members but contribute to national points of the initial forum, went back to
leadership for the profession: CNHEO is a their national organizations to identify what
coalition of professional health education the organizations were doing to accomplish
organizations and NCHEC administers the these recommended actions, and developed
credentialing process for the profession. a matrix (see Appendix C) that reflected
actions being addressed in 1997. Through
As an outcome of this forum, participants
the process of analyzing gaps, representa-
identified six focal points to guide the work
tives returned to the national organizations
of national organizations in their efforts to
a second time asking for their progress as
advance the profession of health education
of 1999. This process of considering and
into the 21st century:
reporting on the initial recommendations
Professional Preparation also served to focus attention on the recom-
Quality Assurance mendations, encouraging the organizations
to consider these areas of professional
Research responsibility in their strategic planning
Advocacy and action plans. Indeed, this often hap-
pened, and the profession advanced, due in
Promoting the Profession part to the focus on these common areas
Dynamic/Contemporary Practice during the time this report was evolving.
9
Focal Point Summaries
10
Focal Point Summaries Professional Preparation
11
Professional Preparation Focal Point Summaries
Of the 15 actions/goals identified as inter- however, work through their various struc-
nal actions for the profession, only one is tures to bring together those who do have
not currently being addressed by one or curricular responsibilities.
more of the 9 professional organizations
One organization considers one of the
represented in this document.
internal actions/goals as its core mission.
Adapt curriculum to evolution of field
Standardize the practice of the profession:
and world.
within preservice, the field (within differ-
The national organization representatives ent settings), continuing education.
felt it would be inappropriate for any of the
NCHEC considers this action/goal part of
organizations to address this particular
its core mission. The Commission works
goal directly. National organizations might,
cooperatively with other organizations
12
Focal Point Summaries Professional Preparation
through the Competencies Update Project gram Approval Committee (SABPAC). Pro-
(CUP) to ensure that work on this goal fessional preparation programs in commu-
progresses to keep pace with the field. nity health can apply for approval through
this effort. Approval indicates that the
At least three of the reporting organizations
program has met the basic framework for
address each of the following actions/goals.
the professional preparation of health
Recruit and train grassroots health educa- educators. In 1997, AAHE and SOPHE also
tors. worked in concert to prepare and distribute
The American College Health Association the Graduate Standards for Health Educa-
(ACHA) and Eta Sigma Gamma (ESG) are tion Professional Preparation.
both currently working on this particular At the graduate level, the Council on Edu-
action/goal. Eta Sigma Gamma regularly cation for Public Health (CEPH) accredits
initiates new chapters and new student schools of public health as well as graduate
members. At present, over 100 Chapters programs in community health education
with over 3,200 members exist in the that are outside schools of public health.
United States. Likewise, the ACHA, working Health education is one of five core public
on college campuses, has as one of its health competencies included in CEPHs
highest priorities, the recruitment, training, accreditation. Both AAHE and SOPHE
and support of peer health educators who support the work of CEPH. In 1999, CEPH
serve as grassroots health educators. One adopted the Graduate Competencies in
of the organizations primary objectives is to Health Education, now referred to as the
expose students to public health education advanced-level competencies.
as a field of endeavor. ACHA places particu-
No system exists to review the numerous
lar emphasis on recruiting and training
graduate health education professional
students from diverse ethnicities and back-
preparation programs not affiliated with
grounds. Through its campus-based work,
schools of public health or with emphases
ACHA emphasizes support of and training
other than community health education. In
for young professionals. At its annual
2000, AAHE and SOPHE launched a task
meeting, a number of sessions focus on
force of health education faculty and others
issues faced by new professionals in the
to examine various options for a compre-
field.
hensive quality assurance system at the
Standardize accreditation of programs. undergraduate and graduate levels.
The American Association for Health Edu- Strengthen health educators knowledge
cation (AAHE) and the Society for Public of the competency framework and the
Health Education (SOPHE) provide leader- commonalities of responsibility across
ship for standardizing the accreditation of health education settings.
health education professional preparation
AAHE and NCHEC are willing to provide
programs. Through its recognition as a
leadership for this action/goal. AAHE has a
learned society by the National Council on
Teacher Education Task Force charged with
Accreditation of Teacher Education
developing new teacher education stan-
(NCATE), AAHE conducts folio reviews of
dards for both the basic and advanced
professional preparation programs that
levels of health education NCATE accredita-
seek NCATE accreditation. For the past 10
tion. This Task Force will build upon the
years, AAHE and SOPHE have collaborated
competency framework developed through
on the SOPHE/AAHE Baccalaureate Pro-
the Role Delineation Project and published
13
Professional Preparation Focal Point Summaries
by NCHEC. NCATE and AAHE, SOPHE, and part which emphasized technology. SOPHE
CEPH use this framework as the basis of and ASTDHPPHE participated in a Robert
their accreditation processes. All the na- Wood Johnson Foundation project that
tional health education organizations in- identified Competencies that health educa-
volved in this report except ACHA have tors will need in the new millennium, in-
representatives on the Advisory Committee cluding those related to technology.
of the Competencies Update Project (CUP).
At least four of the health education organi-
The purpose of the CUP project is to
zations are addressing the following inter-
reverify the roles and responsibilities for
nal professional preparation actions/goals.
entry-level health educators and to verify
roles and responsibilities for advanced-level Promote certification and increase the
health educators. number of Certified Health Education
Specialists (CHES).
Professional preparation programs that
prepare their graduates to take the CHES NCHEC, ACHA, and the Public Health
examination for certification as a health Education and Health Promotion Section of
education specialist must address the the American Public Health Association
competency framework. NCHEC offers (APHA-PHEHP) are currently working on
workshops to help people prepare to take this goal and AAHE indicated a willingness
the test. to assist. Several of the organizations are
Category I providers of Continuing Educa-
Educate about technology as part of
tion Contact Hours (CECHs) for CHES
continuing education and professional
recertification, not only for their annual
preparation programs.
meetings, but also for other organizations
Nine of the ten organizations provide or substructures (e.g., affiliates, constitu-
inservice training or continuing education ents, or chapters) that request such ser-
about emerging technologies. ACHA and vices. Several of the organizations (APHA-
SOPHE educate health educators about PHEHP, APHA-SHES, ASTDHPPHE,
technology as part of their continuing SOPHE, AAHE, and ASHA) offer both mem-
education and professional development bers and nonmembers the opportunity to
programs. At its annual meeting in Phila- earn CECHs at their annual meetings,
delphia in 1999, ACHA emphasized con- through their various publications, or
tinuing education in using technologies for through other means such as distance
health education programs. Following its learning (e.g., web sites, audiotapes, and
1999 conference, ASHA offered a workshop videotapes). SOPHE is the largest provider
that dealt with the use of technology in of CECHs per year, awarding 9,000-10,000
health education. Both the PHEHP and CECHs per year through meetings, distance
SHES sections of APHA regularly partici- learning activities, and self-study. In 1999
pate in APHAs Technology Forum, which SOPHE was awarded a contract by the
introduces newly emerging technologies Health Resources & Services Administra-
that health educators could use in their tion (HRSA) to study the impact of health
programs and planning efforts. SOPHE and education credentialing on individuals,
the Johns Hopkins Universitys School of organizations, and society at large. SOPHE
Public Health jointly published a paper intends to distribute the results of this
Health Education in the 21st Century: A qualitative study to health educators,
White Paper that outlined current and employers, policy makers, and other inter-
anticipated societal changes and their ested parties.
expected impacts on health education, in
14
Focal Point Summaries Professional Preparation
students to the profession. ACHA, ASHA, with other subjects. They are working with
SHES, and SOPHE are already working on state education agencies and institutions of
this action/goal and NCHEC is willing to higher education in four pilot states to
help attain it. ASHA includes professional implement the policy recommendations.
preparation as one of its five key goals
Identify strategies to draw students to
adopted in 1998. The School Health Educa-
the profession
tion and Services Section of APHA (APHA-
SHES) is revising a position paper related AAHE is also willing to take the lead in
to teacher preparation for non-health edu- identifying strategies for drawing students
cators. The section recommends that all to the profession. As with any professional
those in teacher preparation, especially organization, membership recruitment is a
those at the elementary level, take one major issue. However, several of the profes-
three-semester hour course beyond a per- sional organizations have initiated unique
sonal health course that focuses on how to processes to recruit students. APHA- SHES
teach health. The NCHEC works with pro- devotes a portion of its annual meeting to
fessional preparation programs to assure the presentation of student work and re-
that graduates meet the eligibility criteria search, and provides an award for the
for certification in health education. outstanding student abstract. Through its
ASTDHPPE and AAHE have several major mentoring program, APHA-SHES members
projects focused on strengthening profes- work to retain students in the field. ASHA
sional programs at historically Black col- recruits students to serve as monitors
leges and universities and Hispanic-serving during its annual meetings. In return,
institutions. AAHE projects address HIV these students receive complimentary
prevention, comprehensive school health conference registration and free member-
education, teacher education standards for ship in the organization for one year. Fol-
both basic and advanced level health edu- lowing graduation, student members of
cation, NCATE accreditation, developing ASHA have a reduced membership fee for
(with SOPHE) advanced level standards for one year. In addition to its student awards
health education professional preparation programs, SOPHE received a grant from the
(described earlier in this report), and qual- California Endowment to support scholar-
ity assurance in professional preparation. ships for students/young professionals to
attend its 1999 meetings. The majority of
One of SOPHEs strategic goals is to track
the scholarships went to racially and ethni-
the gender and ethnicity of its membership
cally diverse students.
and use baseline data for measuring im-
provement in diversity of its membership, a Include in continuing education and
priority for the new leadership within the professional preparation programs,
organization. SOPHE recently adopted a increased understanding and ability to
resolution to eliminate racial and ethnic analyze future trends and impact on
health disparities, which calls for the Soci- health education practice.
ety to broaden its membership and leader- Six organizations are working on this ac-
ship development. In 1999, ACHA devel- tion/goal, with NCHEC taking the lead by
oped special strategies for increasing diver- approving for continuing education, pro-
sity of membership within its Health Edu- grams that increase health educators
cation Section. understanding of and ability to analyze the
SSDHPER and AAHE prepared inservice influence of future trends on health educa-
policy guidelines for middle school teachers tion practice. AAHE, ACHA, APHA-PHEHP,
who are generalists and teach health along APHA-SHES, ASHA, and SOPHE have
16
Focal Point Summaries Professional Preparation
offered special programs during their an- emerging technology. Both APHA-PHEHP
nual meetings that address this action/ and APHA-SHES regularly participate in
goal. AAHE includes issues and trends APHAs technology forum. SOPHE and the
that affect health education as a regular Johns Hopkins University School of Public
feature of its annual meeting. ASTDHPPHE Health jointly published Health Education
has offered a series of post-conference in the 21st Century: A White Paper that
workshops and coordinated audio training outlined current and anticipated societal
conferences for state health departments changes and their expected impacts on
related to this action/goal. As part of its health education. In addition, SOPHE and
annual meeting, ACHA uses technology to ASTDHPPHE participated in a Robert Wood
develop health educators ability to use Johnson Foundation project that outlined
technology for analyzing future trends in competencies health educators will prob-
health education. ably need in the new millennium.
Strengthen the mentoring of young
professionals.
Eight of the organizations are working to
strengthen mentoring of young profession-
als. The strategies they use vary from very
formal mentoring relationships to more
informal matching of students with sea-
soned professionals. ESG is willing to
provide leadership for this action/goal as
the professions national health education
honorary society. With many local chapters,
each with a faculty sponsor, ESG can
promote the importance of mentoring to
new as well as alumni members. Each
organization has some unique mentoring
processes. AAHE has a follow-the-leader
program where a student follows a member
leader for a day at the annual meeting.
APHA-SHES encourages the development
of a long-term relationship between the
student and the leader. Some organizations
have implemented first timer activities to
welcome newcomers to meetings and to
organizations. These activities range from
distributing newcomer ribbons to offering
more formal social activities and recep-
tions.
Thus, one or more of the organizations are
working on most of the internal actions/
goals related to professional preparation.
Nine of the ten organizations provide
inservice training and/or continuing educa-
tion for health education professionals on
17
Professional Preparation Focal Point Summaries
The majority of the health education Seek health education requirements for
organizations are not addressing most all teacher education students.
of these external actions/goals. Only ACHA supports the action/goal Seek
AAHE offered to take the lead for any of health education requirements and
the actions/goals; it agreed to provide
ASHA, APHA-SHES, and SSDHPER offered
leadership for three goals, which SOPHE to help with it.
agreed to assist with through its work
with SOPHE/AAHE Baccalaureate AAHE and SSDHPER indicated that they
Program Approval Committee (SABPAC) supported but were unable to work on the
and the Council on Education for Public action/goal:
Health (CEPH). Standardize professional preparation
through accreditation programs:
18
Focal Point Summaries Professional Preparation
19
Quality Assurance Focal Point Summaries
Of these eight internal quality assurance Since 1995, organizations have also made
goals, four are being pursued by three or progress in developing program standards.
more national health education organiza- At least one organization is leading efforts
tions: to define core components of health educa-
tion programs and model standards for
Maintain a uniform code of ethics
health education programs; four organiza-
Define (a) core components of health tions are supporting this task. In 1996,
education programs, model standards ACHA initiated a Task Force on Health
for health education programs; Promotion in Higher Education to develop
quality improvement indicators for health
Define (b) core competencies for health
promotion in higher education. The task
education preparation programs and
force drafted standards of practice for
accreditation.
health promotion in higher education in
Define body of knowledge/skills of five areas: (1) leaders demonstrate a capac-
health education ity for community-based health promotion;
The health education profession can be (2) activities integrate with and complement
proud of adopting a uniform code of ethics the mission of its institution; (3) use of a
for the profession in 1999. The CNHEO collaborative process; (4) cultural compe-
took the lead in combining and adapting tence and inclusiveness when working with
21
Quality Assurance Focal Point Summaries
24
Focal Point Summaries Quality Assurance
adequate resources will be a major item for participants did not identify actions/goals
moving ahead with any revised and/or new related to accountability for outcomes,
system. increased emphasis on accountability in all
areas of society suggests this will be in-
Currently one organization provides techni-
creasingly important in the 21st century. At
cal assistance teams at the state level.
least one major study is underway to evalu-
Other organizations could expand efforts in
ate the relationship of health education
this area to address the needs of various
credentialing to outcomes. The results of
practice settings beyond state health de-
this study might provide marketing infor-
partments such as worksites, schools, and
mation that health educators and their
managed care organizations.
professional associations can use with
Currently one organization provides liability practitioners, professional preparation
insurance options for the profession. It is faculty and institutions, employers, govern-
unclear how many individuals in the pro- mental bodies and society at large.
fession subscribe to this service, the num-
Developing a mechanism for the system-
ber of employers now providing such insur-
atic, continuous evaluation of the profes-
ance, and how such insurance has func-
sion might be the responsibility of the
tioned in terms of protecting individual
CNHEO rather than any one organization.
health educators, organizations, or the
Periodically convening meetings such as
public. Such information could help orga-
the initial 21st Century forum could provide
nizations determine whether to offer liabil-
a mechanism to evaluate the profession
ity insurance as a centralized professional-
and set goals for the future.
wide service.
Widely disseminate the Code of Ethics
Given discussions of credentialing systems
throughout the profession as well as
for public health workers and worksite
to employers and other audiences. In
health promotion specialists, the profession
addition, the CNHEO must commit to
needs to expand its involvement on review
a system for revising and updating the
boards or similar groups external to the
code in the coming years.
profession. Such other credentialing- sys-
tems could significantly affect acceptance of Work with the profession to develop a
health education certification. comprehensive, coordinated system of
quality assurance for professional
The national health education organiza-
preparation in health education.
tions struggle with how to involve or reach
out to consumers with quality assurance Expand efforts to provide technical
effortsboth involving consumers in estab- assistance teams at the state level to
lishing quality assurance in health educa- state health departments, worksites,
tion and in actively seeking accountability schools, and managed care organiza-
from consumers. Examining how other tions.
health professions have broached this
Assess the extent to which health educa-
arena might inform future health education
tors may be interested in obtaining
efforts, whether through the CNHEO, indi-
liability insurance and expand the
vidual organizations, or practitioners.
provision of such insurance through
Members of the health education profession more health education organizations or
need to find ways of communicating stan- through a central service, if necessary.
dards and relating those standards to
outcomes. Although the 1995 meeting
25
Quality Assurance Focal Point Summaries
26
Focal Point Summaries Research
27
Research Focal Point Summaries
28
Focal Point Summaries Research
Of the nine external actions/goals, three or Health Promotion Practice connects research
more professional organizations addressed to practice and practice to research.
four of the actions/goals: Three organizations (ASHA, ASTDHPPHE,
Increase funding for health education and SOPHE) are interested in encouraging
research; Institutions of Higher Education to support
faculty involvement in applied research at
Encourage Institutions of Higher Educa- the community level. Organizational repre-
tion to actively support health education sentatives working on this project initiated
faculty involvement in applied research discussions with the director of the Harvard
at the community level; Project, a CDC-funded initiative for increas-
Promote the acceptance of applied re- ing partnerships between colleges and local
search in peer reviewed journals; and communities that improve health outcomes
for children and youth in the community.
Disseminate research information to
The discussion focused on potential part-
practitioners.
nerships between the Harvard Project and
the health education profession around
29
Research Focal Point Summaries
30
Focal Point Summaries Advocacy
Introduction
Collaborative efforts, including building
relationships with policy makers and the
media and developing coalitions, can be-
come a strong catalyst for effective advo-
cacy. These efforts succeed by maximizing
the power of individuals and groups
through joint actions and by bringing
together individuals from diverse constitu-
encies to deal with often complex issues.
National health education organizations
have made significant progress since the
1995 report in advocating both for the
profession and for health-promoting poli-
cies, programs and services. Individual
health educators and national and state
health education organizations increasingly
recognize the need for developing effective
skills for advocating at the institutional,
local, state, tribal, national and interna-
tional levels. Indeed, the future of the
profession might well rest, in part, on the
success of these and future efforts.
31
Advocacy Focal Point Summaries
Of the 15 advocacy actions/goals that pers the potential for timely, sustained
require action by the members of the pro- political influence on key issues. Several
fession, 12 have one or more professional of the professional organizations limit their
organizations already working on them. advocacy-related activities because they are
Six organizations have offices in the greater substructures within larger organizations
Washington, DC, area, facilitating their that establish organizational policies and
involvement in legislative and policy- set advocacy priorities. As nonprofit orga-
making activities. ASHA has a part-time nizations with 501(C)(3) status, national
Washington-based legislative consultant on health education organizations must com-
retainer. However, none of the organizations ply with legal restrictions on lobbying and
has its own full-time staff member devoted campaigning.
to health education advocacy, which ham-
32
Focal Point Summaries Advocacy
Develop a system for evaluating and Although some groups have awards pro-
recognizing friends of health education grams that have recognized political or
in state, national elected offices and media figures for their support for health
sharing this information across health education, there is no mechanism for more
education national organization. systematically sharing this information
among the national organizations.
Increase, power, leverage, and money
access to media (e.g., own cable station), The profession looks to the CNHEO for
board membership on multinational leadership on goals that require organizing
corporations. the profession and reaching out to periph-
erally related professions.
Include congressional districts as part
of national organization membership,
and Email addresses (although both External Actions/Goals
software and website programs exist to
identify congressional districts for indi- The 1995 meeting participants identified
viduals by zip code). 14 advocacy goals external to the profes-
sion.
34
Focal Point Summaries Advocacy
One or more of the national health educa- vide guidance for policy and resource
tion organizations are addressing all but allocation at the federal, tribal, regional,
one of the external advocacy actions/goals state, and local levels. The Health Educa-
by developing systems to influence policy tion Advocacy Summits have promoted
and achieving significant policy changes in increased funding for health education-
support of health education. related programs and the overall CDC
funding increased 15 percent in 1999. The
The two goals that have the greatest num-
Public Health Leadership Institute provides
ber of organizations currently engaged or
additional opportunities for health educa-
willing to be supportive are:
tion professionals to influence policy deci-
Place more emphasis on primary preven- sions directly or through developing im-
tion/early intervention, and proved networking skills and opportunities.
Establish legislative links for health Several actions/goals have only weak
education as a profession. support and no on-going leadership:
There is also much support for goals re- Develop policy leadership.
lated to including health education in
Encourage health educators to work
legislative or policy language. In 1997-98,
toward elected and appointed policy-
SOPHE took the leadership in obtaining
making positions.
recognition by the Department of Labor and
Commerce for the distinct occupational Connect profession with power brokers.
classification of health educator. As a
No organizations expressed current activity
result, the federal government and states
or interest in working on the actions/goals
will gather data on the geographic distribu-
of:
tion, salaries, and other essential data for
the profession, using this definition: Publicize the profession as a consumer
advocate.
Health EducatorsPromote, maintain,
and improve individual and commu- Perhaps this reflects national organizations
nity health by assisting individuals roles as representatives of their members
and communities to adopt healthy and not of consumers, so the organizations
behaviors. Collect and analyze data have limited access to consumers.
to identify community needs prior to
planning, implementing, monitoring,
and evaluating programs designed to Future Actions
encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, To continue progress in advocating for
and environments. May also serve as health education as a profession as well as
a resource to assist individuals, other for its service goals, national health educa-
professionals, or the community, and tion organizations can maintain and
may administer fiscal resources for strengthen their efforts by:
health education programs.
Continuing strategies for systematic,
Representatives of the health education collaborative training of health education
profession contributed to and commented professionals in advocacy skills;
on broad policy-related documents such as
Essential Public Health Services and Continuing to prioritize advocacy issues
Healthy People 2010, both of which pro- collaboratively, developing and sharing
fact sheets and advocacy alerts; and
35
Advocacy Focal Point Summaries
36
Focal Point Summaries Promoting the Profession
37
Promoting the Profession Focal Point Summaries
Based on the discussion, the task force show how the combined efforts of national
omitted one action/goal the members health education organizations can move
considered redundant (Ensure the identifi- the health education profession forward.
cation of health education in the manpower
classification. Through their collective Designate health education as a profes-
efforts, the national organizations as well sion within the Bureau of Health Profes-
as individuals within the profession have sions.
accomplished 3 of the 17 remaining inter- Through the collaborative efforts of profes-
nal goals/ actions. These accomplishments sional organizations with leadership from
38
Focal Point Summaries Promoting the Profession
SOPHE, the Department of Labor now Clarify and distinguish Health Educa-
identifies health education as an occupa- tion vis--vis health promotion and
tion classification. other related professions. Identify
positive and appropriate interface.
Establish a common code of ethics.
Promote credentialing of professionals.
As of November 9, 1999, all CNHEO mem-
ber organizations had approved or accepted Designate health education as a pro-
the same unified Code of Ethics for the fession within the Bureau of Health
health education profession. Developing the Professions (definition of legitimate
code by combining two professional providers of health services).
organizations codes of ethics into one
Develop a profile of health education
common code took over three years.
professions demographics.
Establish a national job clearinghouse.
Describe the state of the profession
Although many of the actions have been (demographics, area of practice,
accomplished through the collective efforts preparation, and salary).
of professional organizations, it is recog-
Nurture health educators for elected,
nized that individual health educators and/
appointed office, locally and nation-
or universities and colleges can also provide
ally.
leadership in achieving goals identified by
the profession. This is one such example. one goal had four professional organiza-
Currently, there are several national job tions working on:
clearinghouses available on the Internet. Arrange for third party payment for
Having a national job clearinghouse allows health education.
potential employees access to health educa-
tion positions throughout the U.S. and four goals have three professional organi-
prospective employers a place to advertise. zations working on:
National health education organizations Coalesce health education groups and
also provide job banks at professional associations.
conferences and meetings and advertise
positions in their newsletters and journals. Improve and strengthen credentialing
These positions have the potential to be beyond current entry-level
viewed by a diverse audience. credentialing and provide specializa-
tion.
Overall, of the original 18 goals, one was
omitted leaving 17 goals. Of those 17 goals, Enhance the knowledge and meaning
5 (30%) have been or are being accom- of health education professionals-
plished. Of the remaining goals: (generic, role delineation, program
framework, commonality across sites).
eight goals have five or more professional
organizations working on: Recognize health education as an
academic discipline.
Establish a common code of ethics.
two goals have two professional organiza-
Strengthen the CNHEO through tions working on:
improved communication between
Coalition delegates and association Break down the camps (MS, MPH,
members. Work toward united DrPH, PhD), increasing permeability.
commitment (time, money, staff, Require credentialing nationally to
resources). practice.
39
Promoting the Profession Focal Point Summaries
one goal had one professional and individuals not necessarily associated
organization working on: with health education. Of the 41 actions, 7
have been or are currently being addressed
Establish national job clearinghouse.
by one of more organizations. Two actions
one goal had no professional are not being addressed by any professional
organization working on: organization (promote health educators
Develop a unified professional being employed by recreation for vacation
association with staff and advocacy. places, and promote the link between
unknown programs). Seven of the 41 ac-
tions identified are being addressed by
External Actions/Goals various professional organizations.
Many of the external actions/goals require Educate employers about the profession
actions within the profession. Therefore, an of health education.
assumption may be made that, for external Taking the lead from a state health educa-
actions/goals to occur, the health educa- tion organization, two brochures are being
tion profession needs to initiate action vs. developed (Why Hire a Health Educator
waiting for those outside either profession and Why Become a Health Educator) and
to act. will be shared with other professional
Promoting the profession external to the organizations.
profession requires working with agencies
Increase health educators access to media (own cable channel, nationwide radio
show in many languages and appropriate for many cultures)
Establish recognition by key publics of trained health education spokespersons
Identify well-known public spokespersons who speak out and support health
education (national-macro, local-micro)
Establish partnerships with key leaders and power brokers at key sites (govern-
ment, universities, business)
Increase dissemination of information from organizations to users (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Health Lung
and Blood Institute)
Describe the current state of the profession
Become listed in health manpower directory of health professions
Become included in surveys regarding professions
Encourage state, local employers to hire health educators for health education jobs
(e.g., Certified Health Education Specialist in job descriptions)
Initiate legislation and funding that require credentialed health educators to fill
health education positions
Encourage other professionals to look to health education for consultation, training
and professional preparation on health education practice
Receive reimbursement for health educators services
Create role of health education in managed care (ombudsman)
Organize coalitions in community to shape managed care
Establish a national/state health education day/week/year
Build coalitions and partnerships, networking-interpersonal relations
Create connections between health education departments and other departments
within corporations and agencies
Include international development teams for health education (Centers for Disease
Control & Prevention, World Health Organization, World Bank, American Associa-
tion of University Women, PSR, NCJW.)
Establish linkages with other allied health programs
Become a partner with other health care providers to make an impact on insurance
providers regarding prevention
Establish a connection within businesses, integration with Occupational Health
and Safety
Offer Employee Assistance Programs and employee health promotion programs
Promote the link between worksite programs (WELCOA, insurance benefits,
Washington Business Group on Health, Schools of Business and Economics)
41
Promoting the Profession Focal Point Summaries
Work with unions and labor force in general so that reasons for and benefits
of health education services are understood (create demand on behalf of the
constituency)
Seek partnerships with beneficiaries of health education service
Establish a consumer focus: health education booth in malls-advice, health
education messages on computer shopping networks
Provide health education consultation for museums, theme parks, interactive
displays
Promote health educators being employed by recreation and vacation places
Establish health education partnerships with gerontology
Think like a competitor
external to the profession including regula- The following ideas would be of value for
tory agencies, third party payers, and the the profession:
general public.
More clearly define the role of health educa-
Health education organizations have taken tion and how the profession fits within
an active role in promoting health educa- society and how we can better work within
tion within the profession by such actions the health care system and society as a
as establishing a Code of Ethics, getting whole.
health education designated as a profession
For the public at large, more clearly define
within the Bureau of Health Professions,
the role of the health educator outside the
and strengthening the CNHEO communica-
traditional settings (i.e., school, health
tion network. However, based upon the
department). This will provide a perspective
external actions/goals, the professional
of health education and how health educa-
organizations have not been as active pro-
tion uses a prevention model vs. a medical
moting the profession outside the profes-
model.
sion. There could be several reasons for
this. First, the professional organizations Assist the profession to move beyond the
may have felt it most important to accom- medical model of health care to a health-
plish key goals within the profession first focused model of health care, promoting
prior to promoting the profession exter- health through education, prevention,
nally. Second, it may be that the external and reduction of health problems and
actions/ goals originally developed are disparities.
confusing, many overlap and are redundant
and really did not provide guidance to the
professional organizations. Because of this,
many organizations may have had difficulty
in accurately depicting their role in promot-
ing the profession externally.
External actions/goals for promoting the
profession need to be reevaluated to elimi-
nate some, clarify others, and remove
duplication. Are the actions/goals appropri-
ately placed in the internal or external
action/goals area? For example, Provide
a description of the body of knowledge of
health education is placed in the external
action/goals. Should it be placed under
internal actions/goals, as this is an action
that the profession itself needs to do, so
that those outside the profession better
understand us? Or, Describe the current
state of the profession, which should be
considered an internal action and, once
completed, shared with external constitu-
ents to provide a better understanding of
the profession?
43
Dynamic/Contemporary Practice Focal Point Summaries
44
Focal Point Summaries Dynamic/Contemporary Practice
One or more of the health education organi- assistance to interested state education
zations are addressing or willing to support and health agencies that do not receive
work on three of these six internal actions/ CDC funding for an infrastructure that
goals. supports school health programs, including
health education.
Use contemporary technology and meth-
odology. No health education organizations are
addressing the remaining three actions/
Encourage health education organiza-
goals.
tions to utilize emerging technology.
Establish a health education home page
All the health education organizations are
on the Internet.
using new technologies such as Power Point
presentations, Internet connections and Although each organization has its own
websites during their annual meetings and home page, no home page exists for the
at conferences. ASHAs summer institute profession. A home page could highlight the
includes a block devoted to the use of substance of the profession.
instructional technology. The organizations
Establish a technology clearinghouse.
web- sites include vital information for
health professionals, about conference Establish a resources clearinghouse.
presentations, and for consumers often in The absence of health education organiza-
the form of health factsheets. APHA tions involvement in these two actions/
PHEHP created a special interest group to goals is less a lack of validation for such
enhance the capacity of those working in efforts than a reflection that they are not
health communications to stimulate public deemed priorities of the organizations.
support for public health education. In
November 1999, SOPHE digitized portions
of its 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting and External Actions/Goals
placed it on its website to expand continu-
ing education opportunities for practitio- Participants at the 1995 meeting identified
ners. ASHA has a listserve for its members. nine actions/goals that involve people,
A private listserve, HEDIR, serves the groups, or organizations outside the profes-
health education profession. Most organi- sion to move the health education profes-
zations are working to expand their tech- sion toward dynamic and contemporary
nology. practices in the 21st Century.
Because these goals relate to actions neces- Although interest has been expressed, no
sary external to the profession, the in- professional organizations are currently
tended audience in some cases is not the working on the aforementioned actions.
health education professional but the lay This will require development and imple-
public. mentation of a strategy for marketing the
profession. The intent of this strategy
Four external actions/goals have three
should be creating and communicating a
or more health education organizations
vision of the possibilities health education/
already working or willing to collaborate
promotion provides (i.e., prevention and
on them.
mitigation of illness, enhanced quality of
Develop and/or adapt technology to life).
disseminate health information, health
Recruit minorities/diverse students into
discovery.
the profession.
Some organizations use portions of their
For the past four years, AAHE has actively
web sites to disseminate health information
recruited minorities by developing a Minor-
and/or health discovery to the general
ity Involvement Committee that became
public and other professionals who are
a Multicultural Involvement Committee.
not part of their organization.
Activities include programming at its an-
Foster community vision that health nual convention focused on minority issues
education/promotion is their concern/ and working with Historically Black
issue. Colleges and Universities as well as His-
panic Serving Institutions as part of its
Encourage participation of health
cooperative agreement with CDC. APHA-
educators in community-wide health
SHES recruits minority students to enter
education/promotion planning, imple-
the profession through its members who
mentation, and evaluation.
46
Focal Point Summaries Dynamic/Contemporary Practice
work in public schools encouraging their health special interest group serves as an
students to enter the profession. SOPHEs ongoing forum to address worksite wellness
Open Society Commission is addressing issues. SOPHE also cosponsored a meeting
outreach and leadership development with the National Institute for Occupational
opportunities for minorities in the profes- Health and Safety (NIOSH) in 1999 to
sion. address worksite safety and training.
No professional organizations are address-
ing four of the external actions/goals that Future Actions
support dynamic and contemporary prac-
tices. Perhaps the scope of these goals is The national health education organiza-
outside the purview of professional organi- tions are using new technologies and pro-
zation. viding models, encouragement, and train-
ing for professionals interested in staying
Recruit health educators for community current. They often follow, rather than set,
health education/promotion projects trends.
and initiatives.
Actions national organizations could take
Establish a nonprofit foundation for to help professionals stay dynamic and
health education/promotion technology contemporary in their practice include:
and marketing.
Create a program similar to the Ameri-
The Comprehensive Health Education can Psychological Associations Behav-
Foundation (C.H.E.F.) provides an example ioral and Social Science Volunteer
of such a foundation. However, no health Program (BSSVP) that provides con-
education membership organization has sultants to community planning
plans to establish such a foundation. groups using funding from CDC.
Link consultants to companies develop- Increase linkages to minority organiza-
ing products. tions to attract increasingly diverse
Many individual health educators already people to the health education profes-
serve as consultants to and in some cases sion.
own or operate companies that develop Use systems of communication and
health education-related products. Mem- information exchange that take advan-
bership organizations, however, are cau- tage of electronic advancements
tious about linking members to commercial (web-based reporting systems, regis-
ventures for fear of appearing to provide trations, activity tracking, information
a financial advantage to some members retrieval).
over others.
Establish a home page for the profes-
Establish employee assistance and sion of health education which would
work site health promotion programs. include a listing of the CNHEO organi-
ASHA promotes employee wellness pro- zations, the Code of Ethics, definitions
grams in schools, especially through the within the profession, and programs
work of their Director of Professional that have SABPAC approval. Within
Development. The efficacy of work site the listing individual users could
health promotion should be marketed to reach home pages of the organiza-
company wellness programs, personnel tions.
directors, and unions. SOPHEs worksite
47
48
Conclusion and Recommendations
51
Conclusions and Recommendations
52
Conclusions and Recommendations
53
54
Afterword
AFTERWORD
Welcome to the future of Health Education! Health education required as one of the
This document helps us to see the possibili- basic subjects for preschool through
ties we face in the 21st century. It helps us grade 12.
put into perspective the responsibility we
Health education required as one of the
have as organizations and individuals to
general education courses in all colleges
see the vision of the profession of Health
and universities.
Education and to make choices for its
future. Health education accepted as an avail-
able program for employees in business
The six focal points have provided us with
and industry.
direction:
Health educators represented in an
Promoting the Profession
advisory and problem-solving capacity
Research within community structures and legisla-
tive bodies.
Advocacy
Health education accepted as an essen-
Professional Preparation
tial program in religious institutions.
Quality Assurance
Health education accepted as an avail-
Dynamic/Contemporary Practice able program in retirement communities
We have initiated actions within the and assisted living centers.
organizations in these focal points and, Health educators viewing the practice
as a result, there has been a coalescing of the profession holistically:
of activities. Actions have resulted that
illustrate we are moving to strengthen the 4nurturing clients from existing health
profession. It is an ongoing process and problems toward health;
will take time before we will be recognized
and accepted by the public as one of the 4educating for the prevention of ever
professions essential to health and well changing problems in health toward
being. It can and will happen if each of us a status of living healthfully; and
within our sphere of professional function-
4educating toward establishing quality
ing continues to see the vision of what can
be. Perhaps by the year 2020 we will see: in living.
Annually summarizing and reporting
Health education as the base of health research in health education in all prac-
care in the U.S. tice areas as well as basic research.
CHES certification required for all A website established for the profession
practicing health educators. of health education containing:
56
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Progress Report 1995-2000
*American Association for Health Education; American College Health Association; American Public Health Association
(Public Health Education & Health Promotion Section and School Health Education & Services Section); American School
Health Association; Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education;
Coalition of National Health Education Organizations; Eta Sigma Gamma; National Commission for Health Education
Credentialing, Inc.; Society for Public Health Education, Inc.; and Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education
and Recreation.
57
Executive Summary
58
References
REFERENCES
Publications Gielen, A.C., McDonald, E.M., & Auld,
M.E. Health Education in the 21st
American Association for Health Education, Century: A White Paper. Rockville,
National Commission for Health MD: U.S. Department of Health and
Education Credentialing, Society Human Services, Health Resources
for Public Health Education. A & Services Administration, 1997.
Competency Based Framework for
Graduate-Level Health Educators. Joint Committee on National Health Educa-
Allentown, PA: National Commission tion Standards, National Health
for Health Education Credentialing, Education Standards: Achieving
1999. Health Literacy. Atlanta, GA: Ameri-
can Cancer Society, 1995.
Doyle, E.I., & Cissell, W.B. (1998). A
critical analysis of the CHES National Commission for Health Education
credentialing issue: Bridging the Credentialing, Inc., American Asso-
gap between vision and outcomes. ciation for Health Education, and the
Journal of Health Education, 29 (4), Society for Public Health Education.
213-220. (1999). A Competency-Based Frame-
work for Graduate Level Health
Clark, J. K., Wood, M.L., & Parrillo, A.V. Educators. Allentown, PA: National
(1998). Where public health educa- Commission for Health Education
tors are working: A national study of Credentialing.
the hiring practices and manpower
needs of local health departments. National Commission for Health Education
Journal of Health Education, 29(4), Credentialing, Inc. (1996). A Compe-
250-257. tency-Based Framework for Profes-
sional Development of Certified
Clark, J. K., Parrillo, A.V., Wood, M.L. Health Education Specialists. Allen-
(1998). Attitudes and perceptions town, PA: National Commission for
about health education credential- Health Education Credentialing.
ing: A national study of top agency
executives in local health depart- ORourke, T.W., Schwartz, L.W., & Eddy
ments. Journal of Health Education, J.M. (1997). Report on the use and
29(4), 244-249. impact of the competencies for entry-
level health educators and willing-
Colquhon, D., & Kellehear, A. (Eds.). (1993). ness to be included in a registry of
Health research in practice: Political, programs using the competencies.
ethical and methodological issues. Champaign, IL: Department of Com-
New York: Chapman & Hall. munity Health, University of Illinois.
Duryea, E. J. (1999). Policy, theory and Pigg, R.M. (Ed.). (1994). Ethical issues of
social issuesMeta-Review of sam- scientific inquiry in health science
pling dilemmas in health education education. The Eta Sigma Gamma
research: Design issues and ethical Monograph Series, 12(2).
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Community Health Education, 19(2), Health Education Terminology,
145-163. Journal of Health Education 22(2),
1991.
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References
Sciacca, J., Neiger, B., Poindexeter, P., Coalition of National Health Education
Hubbard, B., Giles, R., Black, D.R., Organizations
Barr, H., Middleton, K., Cosgrove, http:www.hsc.usf.edu1~kmbrown/
W., & Cleary, M. (1999). Perfor- CNHEO.htm
mance on the CHES Examination:
Implications for institutions offering Comprehensive Health Education
programs in health education. Foundation
Journal of Health Education, 30(1), 22419 Pacific Highway S
42-46. Seattle, WA 98198
Phone: 800/323-2433
Society for Public Health Education, Asso-
Fax: 206/824-3072
ciation for the Advancement of
www.chef.org
Health Education Baccalaureate
Program Approval Committee
Council on Education for Public Health
(SABPAC). Manual on Baccalaureate
800 Eye Street NW, Suite 202
Health Education Program Approval; Washington, DC 20001-3710
Criteria and Guidelines for Self- Phone: 202/789-1050
Study. Washington, DC, October 19, Fax: 202/789-1895
1990. www.ceph.org
South, J., & Tilford, S. (2000). Perceptions Essential Public Health Services
of research and evaluation in health www.phf.org/essential.htm
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activity. Health Education Research, Health Education Brochures
15(6), 729-743. www.med.usf.edu/~kmbrown/CNHEO.htm
The Health Education Profession in the
Health Resources and Services
Twenty-First Century: Setting the Administration
Stage, Journal of Health Education, www.hrsa.gov
27(6), 357-364, 1996.
Healthy People 2010
Internet Resources www.health.gov/healthypeople
American Educational Research Hispanic Serving Institutions
Association www.ed.gov/offices/OIIA/Hispanic/hsi
1230 17th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036 Historically Black Colleges and
Phone: 202/223-9485 Universities
Fax: 202/775-1824 www.nafeo.org
www.aera.net
60
References
61
Emerging Goals for the
Health Education Profession*
Vision Statement
The health education profession promotes, supports, and enables healthy
lives and communities.
Premises
The health education profession promotes health literacy and enables and supports
healthy lives and communities.
Grounded in the values and needs of the community, health education promotes
social and environmental justice.
Many of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality are behaviorally based.
Health literacy is an enabling factor in promoting healthy behaviors.
Goals**
*The Health Education Profession in the Twenty-first Century: Setting the Stage, Journal of Health Education,
27(6), 3, 1996.
**Please note that these are emerging goals. There may be many other goals, but this set is a beginning. They
are not prioritized.