Algorithm

Algorithm is one of the most basic tools used for solving problem. It is
defined as the finite sequence of instructions for solving a problem. It
consists of stepwise list of English statements making sequential
procedure. The number of instructions should be minimized to increase
the speed of algorithm.
There are not any specific rules for designing algorithm however
designing an algorithm requires a clear understanding of a problem.
Before writing an algorithm, designer should have knowledge about the
input, output and process of a problem. The instructions are written in
simple informal English statements. Some of the major guidelines while
writing an algorithm are as follows:

The number of instruction should be finite.

Each instruction should be in simple language and no ambiguous
instructions should be included.
It should have an input, process and desire output after executing
the algorithm.
It should not be depend on any particular language or computer

Advantages
It is very simple and easy to understand.
It has no hard and fast rules for writing an algorithm.
It does not require prior knowledge of programming during writing
algorithm.
Disadvantages
It is more difficult for translating algorithm into program codes.
It is not considered as standard tool for program designing.
 Flowchart
When an algorithm is expressed in pictorial form, then it is called
flowchart. It defined as a pictorial representation of an algorithm that
describes the procedure to solve a problem. It shows the order of
introductions and relationship between them. The purpose of
constructing flowchart is to help for the programmer for understanding
the logic of a problem.
It uses different meaningful symbols in order to solve a problem. It is
very useful tools when an algorithm is short and fit conveniently on
page. Moreover, it also helps for the solutions of mathematical and
logical problems. A flowchart is classified into two types: system
flowchart and program flowchart.
System Flowchart
System flowchart is used to show the operation of a large sized real
world problem. Moreover, it helps to show the board overview of the
data flow and the sequence of operations in an organization. It helps for
designing of a system and to show business problem. Some of the major
symbols used in system flow chat are as follows.
Program Flowchart
A program flowchart is community used flowchart foe solving small
sized logical problems. Moreover, it also helps for the effective solution
of mathematical problems. It defines the step by step sequence of
operations and the flow of operations of a problem. It is very efficient
tool for understanding, designing and debugging of a problem. It clearly
explains the input, process and output of a problem. It shows the internal
relationship between the instructions. Some of the major features are as
follows.
 It is only suitable for small logical or mathematical problems.
It cannot solve complex and lengthy problems.
It can only solve procedural type of problems.
Designer should have knowledge about the symbols of flowchart.
Advantages
It is very efficient tool for solving logical and mathematical
problems.
It shows the types of instruction whether; an instruction input /
output, process or logical.
It is easy for converting flowchart into program codes.
It is easy for testing and maintenance.
It is effective tool for the program documentation during program
design.
Disadvantages
It is difficult for solving large and complex problem.
It is time consuming for designing a flowchart.
It very difficult for modifying and updating the flowchart.
Designer should familiar with different symbols and their
respective meanings.