LI NI U

Trong nghin cu nhng qu trnh k thut phc tp phi tin hnh thc
nghim nhiu v kh khn, do tng hiu qu nghin cu, rt ngn giai on
hon thin nhng qu trnh k thut mi cn phi ti u ha vic nghin cu thc
nghim tt c giai on hon thin, nghin cu p dng v vn hnh cc qu trnh
k thut ha hc.
Ngy nay, phng php m hnh ton hc tr thnh cng c c hiu lc
nng cao hiu qu nghin cu khoa hc khi gii cc bi ton tnh ton, phn
tch, ti u ha v d on cc qu trnh k thut ha hc.
Trong tiu lun ny tm hiu v phng php quy hoch thc nghim ton
phn v phng php ny c ng dng trong vic nghin cu mt s yu t nh
hng n kh nng chu lc ca mng bao gi thc phm c ch to t tinh bt
sn c b sung polyethylene glycol (PEG) bng phng php quy hoch thc
nghim yu t ton phn. y l ti ca c Trng Th Minh Hnh Trng
i hc Bch Khoa, H Nng v thy V Vn Quc Bo trng i hc
Nng Lm, i hc Hu, ng trn Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh, i hc
Nng, s 3 (26).2008.

1
 MC LC

M u
Mc lc
Ni dung 3
1. C s l thuyt 3
2. Bi ton ng dng 9
3. X l bi ton 14
Kt lun 18
Ti liu tham kho 19

2
 NI DUNG

1 C S L THUYT
Phn ln nhng bi ton thc nghim trong ha hc v cng ngh ha hc
c trnh by nh nhng bi ton cc tr: xc nh cc iu kin ti u ca quy
trnh, thnh phn ti u ca t hp,Nh s phn b ti u ca cc im trong
khng gian yu t v s bin i tuyn tnh ca cc ta , ngi ta khc phc
c khuyt im ca phn tch hi qui c in, c bit l s tng quan gia cc
h s ca phng trnh hi qui. S la chn phng n c quyt nh bi cch
t bi ton nghin cu v nhng c im ca i tng.
Qu trnh nghin cu thng c chia thnh nhng giai on ring r.
Nhng thng tin thu c sau mi giai on s quyt nh chin lc th nghim
tip theo. Nh vy, kh nng iu khin ti u ha thc nghim xut hin. Hoch
nh th nghim cho php bin i ng thi mi yu t v thu c c lng
nh lng cc hiu ng c bn v hiu ng tng tc. Nhng hiu ng quan tm
c xc nh vi sai s nh hn so vi nhng phng php c in. Kt qu vic
dng cc phng php hoch nh lm tng ng k hiu qu thc nghim. Trong
ti ny, ta ch quan tm v tm hiu n phng php yu t ton phn [1].
1.1 TH NGHIM YU T TON PHN [2]
Khi hoch nh theo s th nghim yu t ton phn (TYT) mi kh nng
t hp cc yu t vi tt c cc mc u c thc hin nghin cu. Lng th
nghim cn thit N khi hoch c theo TYT c xc nh theo cng thc:
N = nk (n s lng cc mc, k s yu t)
Nu cc th nghim ch thc hin hai mc th N = 2k, hai mc gi tr bin
ca yu t c kho st.
- Nu chn th nghim c mt tm i xng ta c phng n cu trc c tm.
Z max Z min
- Xt yu t c k hiu l Zj ta c: Z o
j
j j
j = 1 k;
2
Z max
j - mc cao ; Z min
j - mc thp ; Z oj - mc c s (tm ca phng n)
Z max Zj
Bin thin ca yu t Zj tnh t mc c s: Z j j
,j=1k
2
- Tin cho tnh ton ta chuyn sang h trc khng th nguyn nh chn tm
Z j Z oj
ca min l gc h trc ta . Xj
Z j
,j=1k

3
 - T ta c mc trn l +1, mc di l -1 tm trng vi gc ta
V d: Nghin cu tc phn ng ha hc ca mt phn ng cho ph
thuc vo, nhit nng C, p sut P.
* Xc lp ma trn thc nghim: Cc bin c lp c chn l:
- Nhit Z1 mc cao: 300oC mc thp 200oC
- Nng Z2 mc cao: 45 g/l mc thp 35 g/l
- p sut Z3 mc cao: 1,25 at mc thp 0,75 at
Phng n th nghim c vit di dng ma trn (TYT) 2 mc th nghim,
s bin c lp k = 3. S th nghim th c thc hin l: N = 23 = 8
Phng n th nghim v kt qu th nghim c trnh by trn bng 1
MA TRN TYT 23 = 8

thun tin cho nghin cu ngi ta hm bin o xo, xo = 1

Ma trn qui hoch vi bin o TYT 23

4
Ma trn qui hoch m bo tnh trc giao.
N N

xui .x ji 0,u j, u, j 0 k
i 1
V x i 1
ji 0; j 1 k; j 0

* Xc lp phng trnh hi qui

Nu dng phng trnh hi qui tuyn tnh di dng:
^
Y b0 b1x1 b2 x2 b3 x3
Theo phng php tnh h s trong phng trnh hi qui:

bo
b1
B (X T.X )1 X TY
b2
b3
Ma trn XTX c dng:
8

oi
x 2

i 1
x x x x x x
i
oi 1i
i
oi 2i
i
oi 3i

x1i xoi 1i
x 2
x x x x 1i 2i 1i 3i
X CX T i i i

x2i xoi
i
x2i x1i
i
2i
i
x 2
x xi
2 i 3i

x x x x x x x
i
3i oi
i
3i 1i
i
3i 2 i
i
2
3i

T tnh cht trn ta c:

5
 1 000 x y
1000
8
bo i 8 i io
2000 10 00
1 x y
0T 8 0 0 T 1 0 0 0 x y
i
oi i
b1 T 1 T 8 x1iy
XX ; ( XX ) 8 ; X X ;
0 0 8 0 1 x y
T 1i i
B X X .)( Y
b2 0 0 1 0 x y
8 2i
0 0 0 xy
2i i

0008 8 3i i

0001 b3
0 00 1 x3iy
8
8
8

Suy ra: b j
1 N

x ji yi ; Tnh x 1i yi
N i 1 b1 i 1
8
1.296 1.122 1.239 1.586 1.232 1.292 1.339 1.383
b1
8
b1 = 34,625, tng t ta c: b2 = 63,125, b3 = -0,375, bo = 311, 125
Ta c m hnh: Y = 311,125 + 34,625x1 + 63,125x2 0,375x3
xt m hnh y hn
^
Y b0 b1x1 b2 x2 b3 x3 b12 x1x2 b13 x1x3 b23 x2 x3
Ma trn qui hoch c m rng

S th 2
X0 X1 X2 X3 X1X2 X1X3 X2X3 Y y ( y - y)
nghim

6
 1 + + + + + + + 296 331,125 1233,765
2 + - - + + - - 122 139,875 319,515
3 + + - + - + - 239 221,875 293,265
4 + - + + - - + 586 551,625 1181,640
5 + + + - + - - 232 196,875 1230,765
6 + - - - + + + 292 274,125 319,515
7 + + - - - - + 339 356,125 293,265
8 + - + - - + - 383 417,375 1185,640
Cc hiu ng tng tc c xc nh tng t nh hiu ng tuyn tnh.
N N

( x j xl )i Yi (x x 1 2 i) Yi
b jl i 1
b12 i 1
N N
thay s vo
(1.296 1.122 1.239 1.586 1.232 1.292 1.339 1.838
b12 75,625
8
Tng t: b13 = - 8,625, b13 = 67,125
Phng trnh hi qui lc ny c dng
Y = 311,125 + 34,625x1 + 63,125x2 0,375x3 75,625x1x2 - 8,625x1x3 + 67,125x2x3
* Kim nh tnh ngha ca cc h s phng trnh hi qui
- V ma trn (XTX)-1 l ma trn ng cho nn cc h s c lp vi nhau.
- Loi b cc h s khng c ngha khng nh hng n h s cn li.
- Cc h s kim nh theo tiu chun Student (t).
- Mi h s ca phng trnh c xc nh vi chnh xc.
sth
sbj
N
- Khng lm th nghim song song xc nh phng sai ti hin sth ta lm 3 th
nghim tm phng n ta nhn 3 gi tr.
S th
Bin thc Bin m ha Kt qu
nghim
Z10 Z 20 Z 30 X1 X2 X3 Y0

1 250 40 1 0 0 0 295

2 250 40 1 0 0 0 312

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 3 250 40 1 0 0 0 293

y
3 3 2
y o
4
295 312 293 ;
o
4 yo
Yo 1
300 sth2 1
109
3 3 3 1
sth 10,440
sth 109 10,440 ; stj 3,69
N 8
| bj |
tj ngha ca cc h s c kim nh theo tiu chun Student t
sb j

311,125
Ta tnh c: to 84,315
3,69

t1 = 9,38, t2 = 17,107, t3 = 0,1016, t12 = 20,494

t13 = 2,337 t23 = 18,191
Tra bng tp(f) vi p = 0,05, f = 2
f=l-1 bc t do ti hin
l s th nghim song song tm
t0,05 (2) = 4,3 V t3 < tp(f), t13 < tp(f)
Cc h s b3, b13 b loi phng trnh lc ny c dng:
^
Y 311,125 34,625x1 63,125x2 75,625x1x2 67,125x2 x3
* Kim nh s tng thch ca phng trnh hi qui:
S tng tch ca phng trnh hi qui c kim nh bng tiu chun
Fisher.
N ^

F
s2
du
Trong : ( yi y i ) 2
sdu2 i 1
2
sth
N l
N s th nghim ; l - s th nghim tm
2
6056,3742 s 2018,791
Thay s 2
sdu 2018,791 ; F du
2
18,521
3 sth 109
Tra bng F1p (f1, f2) vi p = 0,05 f1 = 3, f2 = 2
f1 bc t do phng sai tng thch
f1 = N l
N s th nghim : 8; l h s c ngha trong phng trnh hi qui: 5
f2 bc t do phng sai ti hin
f2 = N - 1

8
 N s th nghim song song tm
F0,05 (3,2) = 19,2 phng trnh hi qui tng thch vi thc nghim.
2 BI TON NG DNG
Nghin cu mt s yu t nh hng n kh nng chu lc ca mng bao
gi thc phm c ch to t tinh bt sn c b sung polyethylene glycol (PEG)
bng phng php quy hoch thc nghim yu t ton phn
2.1 TM TT
Tinh bt sn l polysaccharides (polyme t nhin), c kh nng to mng
mng do chnh n v c khi phi trn vi cc ph liu to mng khc, ng thi c
kh nng t phn hy nhanh trong mi trng t nhin. nng cao kh nng chu
lc v do cho mng mng t tinh bt sn c b sung polyethylene glycol
(PEG), cn nghin cu nh hng ca cc yu t n qu trnh to mng. Bng
phng php quy hoch thc nghim yu t ton phn TY 2n, chng ti nghin
cu c nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh (nng tinh bt sn, nng PEG
v thi gian h ha) n bn t ca mng. bn t l tiu chun quan trng
p ng yu cu cho vic ng dng bao gi thc phm ca mng mng. Kt qu
nghin cu cho thy, khi nng huyn ph tinh bt sn: 10,9%, nng PEG:
0,35% v thi gian h ha l 16 pht 30 giy th kh nng chu lc ca mng l tt
nht: 1,218 N/cm2.
T kt qu t c c th xem xt kh nng ng dng ca mng trong k
thut bao gi thc phm c th thay th vt liu PE nhm gii quyt nhng kh
khn trong x l mi trng hin nay.
Hng nm trn th gii c khong 150 tn mng bao gi t cht do c
sn xut v tiu th. Hu ht nguyn liu ca mng bao gi nay c bn l du th
nn l kt qu ca vic tng nhu cu s dng du v l nguyn nhn gy nhim
mi trng, gy nn s lng ph. Chnh v vy, vic s dng vt liu c ngun gc
sinh hc lm bao b thay th cc vt liu c ang tr nn cp thit [9], [10]. Cc
polysaccharides t nhin rt d phn hy, c bit i vi tinh bt, c th cho sn
phm c chi ph thp v kh nng phn hy ln. Tuy nhin , t bn thn n khng
c tnh mm do khi to mng. ng dng tt hn thng tinhbt c trn thm
cc ph gia thc phm khc nh polyethylene glycol (PEG) (tc nhn lm mm
do).
Nc ta c ngun nguyn liu tinh bt rt phong ph. min Trung, tuy kh
hu khc nghit, t ai km mu m nhng mi nm cho mt sn lng tinh bt

9
rt cao, nht l tinh bt sn. Tuy nhin vic s dng ngun nguyn liu ny sao cho
c gi tr kinh t cao, hin nay cn hn ch. V vy, vic nghin cu a ngun
nguyn liu tinh bt ny vo sn xut cng nghip nh sn xut mng bao b
thc phm nhm thay th cc cht do kh phn hy, c mt ngha kinh t - x
hi cao v v cng cp thit. Mc tiu ca nghin cu l to nn mng mng bao
gi t tinh bt sn c phi trn polyethylene glycol (PEG) l tc nhn to s lin
kt, lm mm do, khng c hi v xc nh cc yu t nh hng n bn t
ca mng nhm gp phn thun li cho vic thay th trn.
2.2 NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.2.1 Nguyn liu nghin cu
- Tinh bt sn: c cung cp bi nh my tinh bt sn Tha Thin Hu, c
cht lng: trng: >96,0%, tinh khit: 97,5%, tp cht khng qu: 0,05%,
hm lng m: 0.20%.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG): tinh khit, dng bt mn, ca tp on Merck
Schuchard, c.
2.2.2 Phng php nghin cu
2.2.2.1 Phng php to mng [11]:
Qui trnh to mng:

* Cch tin hnh:

- Tinh bt sn c ha tan trong nc trong khong nng t 4-12%. Phi
trn vi PEG vi nng t 0,1- 0,4%. T l theo khi lng gia tinh bt sn v
cc ph gia l 10:1.Tin hnh h ha nhit 7000C trong thi gian t 5-25
pht. Trong qu trnh h ha cn phi khuy o thng xuyn cho tinh bt
c h ha u.
- Sau khi h ha c em i ui kh v tin hnh trng mng trn knh
t b dy ca mng l 0,4-0,5mm. Lm kh ta c mng mng tinh bt sn.
2.2.2.2 Phng php xc nh kh nng chu lc ca mng [6], [7]
- Dng c xc nh c biu din trn s hnh 2.2.2.1.

10
 - Cch tin hnh: Tt c cc loi mng c ct theo kch thc: chiu di: 8
cm, chiu rng: 3mm.
Mt u mng mng c kp cht vo mc cn, u kia c kp cht vo
mc khc v chu mt lc ko theo phng thng ng FG bi mt vt nng m.
Tng dn FG bng cch tng dn trng lc ca vt nng cho n khi mng b t,
ghi li gi tr trng lng ca vt nng. bn t ca mng c tnh theo cng
thc:
F
P ; ( N / cm 2 )
S
Trong :
- S: din tch ca mu em phn tch, (cm2)
FG = m.g N (Niuton)
- m l vt nng ghi c (kg)
- g l lc trng trng (9,81 N/kg)

Hnh 2.2.2.1. Dng c o kh nng chu lc ca mng [6]

2.2.2.3 Phng php ton hc

- S dng phng php lun phin tng bin, nghin cu ng thi ca cc yu
t nh hng n kh nng chu lc ca mng tinh bt, ng thi xc nh tm quy
hoch cho phn lm ti u thc nghim tip theo [4].
- Xy dng m hnh th nghim theo phng php qui hoch thc nghim TY2 3
vi cc tm quy hoch va tm c. Xy dng phng trnh hi quy v t tnh
ton tm ra bn t ti u theo phn mm Excel-Solver [3].
- Kt qu th nghim c phn tch phng sai mt nhn t ANOVA (Anova
single factor ) v so snh s sai khc ca cc gi tr trung bnh bng phng php
11
DUNCAN (Duncans Multiple Range Test) trn phn mm thng k SAS, phin
bn 6.12 chy trn Windows.
2.3 KT QU V THO LUN
2.3.1. Nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n kh nng chu lc ca mng tinh
bt c phi trn PEG bng phng php lun phin tng bin
C nhiu yu t nh hng n kh nng chu lc ca mng tinh bt, trong
nghin cu ny cp n 3 yu t l: nng tinh bt, nng cht ph gia PEG
v thi gian h ha
2.3.1.1. nh hng ca nng tinh bt sn (TBS)
To 5 mu mng tinh bt c nng PEG: 0.2%, thi gian h ha: 10 pht
v nng tinh bt sn thay i cc mu t 4-12%. Kt qu th nghim c x
l bng phng php ANOVA, so snh s sai khc ca cc gi tr trung bnh bng
phng php DUNCAN trn phn mm SAS, v c biu din trn th hnh
2.3.1.

Hnh 2.2.3.1. nh hng ca nng TBS n bn t mng tinh bt - trong

a, b,c, d,....l cc h s cn thit c trong chng trnh x l thng k, ni ln gia
cc kt qu trung bnh ca s liu o uc c s sai khc c ngha hay khng c
s sai khc c ngha
Kt qu x l s liu th 2.3.3.1 cho thy, c s khc bit v bn t
khi nng tinh bt sn nm trong khong 6 - 8%, cn nng 10% v 12% th
khng c s sai khc vi mc ngha = 0,05 v ti khong nng ny c
bn t cao nht. Tuy nhin, ti nng 12%, qu trnh to mng kh khn, kh
nng bm dnh ca dung dch vo khun b hn ch. ng thi, xt v mt kinh t

12
chng ti quyt nh chn nng tinh bt sn 10% l thch hp cho mng tinh
bt c bn t cao nht trong kho st ny.
2.3.1.2. nh hng ca nng PEG
Tin hnh tng t nh nghin cu 2.3.1.1 vi 5 mu mng tinh bt c nng
TBS 10%, thi gian h ha l 10 pht, nng cht ph gia thay i t 0-0,4%.
Kt qu trnh by trn th hnh 2.2.3.2.

Hnh 2.2.3.2. nh hng ca nng PEG n bn t ca mng mng

y cc s m a, b, ab, c, d l cc h s ca qu trnh x l tng t phn

2.3.1.1
th 2.2.3.2 cho thy, khi tng nng PEG b sung vo t 0 n 0,3 %
th bn t ca mng tinh bt tng v t gi tr cao nht khi 0,3%. iu ny
xy ra l nh sau khi sy kh nhng tnh cht ho do ca PEG li c tc dng lm
tng lc lin kt Van Der Waals [8], tng kh nng lin kt gia phn t tinh bt
vi phn t PEG. Tuy nhin, do PEG c kh nng ht m nn khi b sung ph gia
ny ln hn 0,4 % th bt u c hin tng co dm v lm gim bn t ca
mng. Chnh v vy, chn nng PEG thch hp nht cho phn nghin cu ny l
0,3%.
2.3.1.3. nh hng ca thi gian h ha:
Chun b 5 mu mng tinh bt c nng TBS l 10%, nng PEG l
0,3%, thi gian h ha thay i t 5- 25 pht. Kt qu xc nh bn t ca cc
mng tinh bt c cho trn th hnh 2.3.1.3.
Nhn vo th hnh 2.3.1.3 cho thy, bn t ca mng mng t gi tr
cao nht khi thi gian h ho l 15 pht v sau li gim dn khi tip tc h
13
ho. iu ny ph hp vi kt qu ca cc tc gi D.F. Parra, C.C. Tadini,
NP.Ponce, A.B. Lugaox, i hc Sao Paulo, Brazil v c th gii thch nh sau: khi
thi gian h ho 15 pht, cc mi lin kt c b b gy v khi nh hnh chng s
hnh thnh nhng lin kt mi bn cht hn v bn t cao hn khi b sung
PEG. Chnh v vy, b t t gi tr cao nht l 1,206 N/cm2 ti thi gian ny.
Tuy nhin nu chng ta tip tc tng thi gian h ho v ng thi tip tc khuy
trn th khi nh hnh cc mi lin kt mi s sp xp lng lo hn, cc lin kt
khng n nh nn nh hng khng tt n bn ca mng. iu ny th
hin r khi gi tr bn t 20 pht h ho l 1,188N/cm 2 v 25 pht l
1,143N/cm2. Chnh nhng l do , chng ti chn thi gian h ha l 15 pht
thc hin cc nghin cu tip theo.

Hnh 2.3.1.3. nh hng ca thi gian h ho n bn t ca mng mng

3. X L BI TON
3.1 XC NH PHNG TRNH HI QUI V TI U HA CC THNG
S CNG NGH
Chn tm quy hoch c 3 yu t:
- Nng tinh bt sn: 10% K hiu: Z1
- Nng PEG: 0,3% K hiu: Z2
- Thi gian h ha: 15 pht. K hiu: Z3
T tm quy hoch chn, tin hnh th nghim trong khong gii hn ca
cc yu t sau:
9 Z1 11

14
 0,25 Z2 0,35
13 Z3 17
Kt qu chn m hnh thc nghim v th nghim theo m hnh c trnh
by bng 3.1

Bng 3.1. M hnh thc nghim TYT22 v kt qu th nghim theo m hnh

S th t Nng TBS Nng PEG Thi gian h ha bn t

th nghim Z1 Z2 Z3 Y
1 11 0,35 17 1,217
2 9 0,35 17 1,184
3 11 0,25 17 1,201
4 9 0,25 17 1,195
5 11 0,35 13 1,211
6 9 0,35 13 1,169
7 11 0,25 13 1,160
8 9 0,25 13 1,171

TN tm Nng TBS Nng PEG Thi gian h bn t

phng n Z1 Z2 ha Z3 0
j
1 10 0,3 15 1,203
2 10 0,3 15 1,209
3 10 0,3 15 1,205

vic tnh ton c thc hin thun li, ta chuyn t h trc t nhin Z 1, Z2, Z3
sang h trc khng th nguyn (h m ha).
Ma trn quy hoch yu t ton phn 23 :

2
STT xo x1 x2 x3 x1x2 x1x3 x2x3 x1x2x3 y y ( y - y)
1 + + + + + + + + 1.217 1.21925 0.000005062
2 + - + + - - + - 1.184 1.18175 0.000005063
3 + + - + - + - - 1.201 1.19675 0.000018063
4 + - - + + - - + 1.195 1.19925 0.000018062
5 + + + - + - - - 1.211 1.20875 0.000005063
6 + - + - - + - + 1.169 1.17125 0.000005062
7 + + - - - - + + 1.160 1.16425 0.000018062
8 + - - - + + + - 1.171 1.16675 0.000018063

Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh ca bn t c dng nh sau:

15
y = bo + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b12 x1x2 + b13x1x3 + b23x2x3 + b123x1x2x3
Gii bng phng php ma trn trc giao cho ta cc h s ca phng trnh
hi quy sau: bo = 1,1885; b1 = 0,00875; b2 = 0,00675; b3 = 0,01075; b12 = 0,01,
b23 = -0,0055, b123 = -0,00325
+ Tnh phng sai ti hin, kim nh tiu chun Student v kim nh tiu
chun Fisher, ta c phng trnh hi quy cn tm c dng:
y = 1,1885 + 0,00875x1 + 0,00675x2 + 0,01075x3 + 0,01x1x2 - 0,00325x2x3 (1)
Qua phng trnh (1) cho thy bn t ca mng tinh bt sn c b sung
PEG ph thuc vo c 3 yu t: nng TBS, nng PEG v thi gian h ha v
t l thun vi chng. Nh vy, khi tng c 3 yu t trn th bn t s tng v
ngc li. Ngoi ra, vic tng hay gim bn t ca mng mng cn ph thuc
vo s tng tc ca tng cp yu t nh hng ln nhau nh theo phng trnh
(1), nu tng tng tc cp gia PEG vi nng tinh bt sn th bn t s
tng cn nu tng tng tc cp gia nng PEG vi thi gian h ho th bn
t s gim. iu ny chng t, vic b sung ph gia s to mng mng c bn
cao, xz c ngha khoa hc ln. Tuy nhin, s tng hay gim bn t ca mng
tinh bt sn c b sung PEG t gi tr ti u ch nm trong gii hn kho st.
Tin hnh ti u:
Mc tiu ca ti l tm iu kin ti u ch s bn t l cao nht
y = f (x1, x2, x3)
ymax = Max y (x1, x2, x3)
S dng chng trnh Excel Solver tm nghim ti u, tc l tm gi tr
ca x1, x2, x3 y t cc i.
Vi min rng buc : -1 x1, x2, x3 1
Chuyn sang bin thc Zj = xj * Zj + Z0j
Kt qu gii bi ton c trnh by trong bng di y:

x1 x2 x3 Z1(%) Z2(%) Z3(pht) ymax(N/cm2)

0.92 1 0.73 10.92 0.35 16.46 1.218

T kt qu thu c cho thy im ti u cho bn t ca mng tinh bt sn c

b sung PEG l 1.218 N/cm2, khi cc thng s nh hng n qu trnh to mng
nh sau: nng tinh bt sn 10.9%, nng PEG 0.35%, thi gian h ha 16

16
pht 30 giy. Tuy nhin, gi tr ln nht ca bn t khng phi ch nm ti
im ny m l mt vng ln cn xung quanh im ti u.
3.2 KT LUN BI TON
- Nng tinh bt sn, nng polyetylen glycol v thi gian h ha nh
hng rt ln n qu trnh to mng tinh bt v t l thun vi chng. Nh vy,
khi tng c 3 yu t trn th bn t s tng v ngc li. Trong khong gii hn
ca nghin cu, cc yu t ny tc ng tng h nhau theo phng trnh hi
qui nh sau:
y = 1,1885 + 0,00875x1 + 0,00675x2 +0,01075x3 + 0,01x1x2 - 0,00325x2x3
- Cc thng s tt nht cho qu trnh to mng tinh bt sn c b sung
etylenglycol (mng TBS-PEG) l nng tinh bt sn 10,9%, nng PEG
0,35%, thi gian h ha 16 pht 30 giy, mng tinh bt t c bn t l
1,218 N/cm2

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 KT LUN

Phng php qui hoch thc nghim yu t ton phn gip ta khi loi b
nhng h s khng c ngha s khng phi tnh li cc h s c ngha. Phng sai
cc h s b (Sbj2) trong phng trnh hi qui c gi tr ti thiu, xc nh theo kt
qu ca N th nghim v nh hn phng sai ti hin Sth2. Tm phng n thng tin
nhiu nht ch ln thc nghim lp tm thc nghim l .

18
 TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Cnh, Qui hoch thc nghim, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] X.C. Acxadavova, V.Y. Capharob (1985), Ti u ha thc nghim trong ha
hc v cng ngh ha hc (bn dch Nguyn Cnh, Nguyn nh Soa), i Hc
Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[3] Trn Tr Dng (2005), Excel-Solver cho k s, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H
Ni.
[4] Hong nh Ho (1999), Ti u ho trong cng nghip thc phm, NXB Khoa
hc v K Thut, H Ni.
[5] Cao Vn Hng (2001), Bo qun v ch bin sn (khoai m) - NXB Nng
Nghip TP. H Ch Minh.
[6] Trn Th Luyn (2005), Nghin cu kh nng chu lc v gin ca mng
mng chitosan v ph liu ng to mng, Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh thu sn
nm 2005, i hc Nha Trang.
[7] Trn Th Luyn (2005), Nghin cu ch to v thm d mt s c tnh chu
lc, gin, t phn hu, kh nng dit khun ca mng chitosan pha trn dng
cho bao gi thc phm, Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh thu sn nm 2005, i hc
Nha Trang.
[8] L Ngc T (ch bin) (2004), Bi c Li, Lu Dun, Ng Hu Hp, ng
Th Thu, Nguyn Trng Cn, Ho hc thc phm, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H
Ni.
[9] Cereda M.T and Oliverra M..A (2003), Postharvest quality of peaches
covered with a film from Cassava starch as an alternative to commercial Wax-
Brazil.
[10] Maria A. Garcia, Maria Victoria E Grossmann, Mirian N. Martino, Noemi E.
Zaritzky and Suzama Mali (2004), Mechanical and thermal properties of yam
starch films - Estadual de Londrina University, Brazil.
[11] D.F. Parra, C.C. Tadini, P. Ponce, A.B. Lugao (2004), Mechanical
properties and water vapor transmission in some blends of cassava starch edible
films - Food Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Brazil.

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