Linux Mint 16

Cinnamon

johiten

1

Linux Mint ...................................................................................................................................3
.................................................................................................................................................3
.................................................................................................................................................3
.........................................................................................................................3
.................................................................................................................................4
Linux Mint...................................................................................................................................4
iso ...................................................................................................................................4
MD5 ...................................................................................................................................4
iso ...................................................................................................................................5
Mint ................................................................................................................................5
Mint.........................................................................................................................................5
Mint ......................................................................................................................................8
Cinnamon.........................................................................................................................................8
.............................................................................................................................................8
Menu................................................................................................................................................9
.........................................................................................................................................9
.............................................................................................................................9
....................................................................................................................................11
............................................................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................................................11
...................................................................................................................................13
apt-get............................................................................................................................................13
Linux .....................................................................................................................14
...............................................................................................................................................14
...........................................................................................................................................14
Shell...............................................................................................................................................14
Linux .....................................................................................................................................14
[Tab], [ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d........................................................................................18
...........................................................................................................................19
Linux man page.................................................................................................19
................................................................................................................................................25
............................................................................................................................................25

2
Linux Mint
Linux Mint Linux Linux Mint
Linux Ubuntu DebianRedHat 300 [1]
Linux Mint [2]

Linux Mint 2006 KubuntuAda Mint

Ubuntu 3 Cassandra
2008 Mint Ubuntu 5 Elyssa
6 Felicia Ubuntu Ubuntu
2010 Mint Debian
2013 12 Mint 16 Petra[3]

Mint
Debian Ubuntu 30000

CinnamonMATEKDE Xfce

Mint a

1.Mint [3]

1.0 beta Ada 2006-8-27
2.0 Barbara 2006-11-13
2.1 Bea 2006-12-20
2.2 Bianca 2007-2-20
3.0 Cassandra 2007-5-30
3.1 Celena 2007-9-24
4.0 Daryna 2007-10-15
5 LTS Elyssa 2008-6-8
6 Felicia 2008-12-15
7 Gloria 2009-5-26
8 Helena 2009-11-29
9 LTS Isadora 2010-5-18

3
 10 Julia 2010-11-12
11 Katya 2011-5-26
12 Lisa 2011-11-26
13 LTS Maya 2012-5-23
14 Nadia 2012-11-20
15 Olivia 2013-5-29
16 Petra 2013-11-30

[4]
Mint Mint
Mint http://www.linuxmint.com
http://community.linuxmint.com/auth/register
http://www.linuxmint.com/forum
http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation.php
http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial
Mint XChat IRC
IRC irc.spotchat.org
#linuxmint-help #linuxmint-chat
Mint Ubuntu Ubuntu
Mint Ubuntu
GNU/Linux
HTTP FTP

Linux Mint
iso
Mint
32 64
BT

MD5
iso MD5 MD5

Linux md5sum filename
Windows MD5

4
 iso
iso

U


Linux
http://wiki.linux-ren.org/index.php/
U http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_628571e60101apx4.html
Windows
http://bbs.shendu.com/article-5981-1.html
U http://www.linuxliveusb.com/

Mint
U BIOS boot
Linux Mint Start Linux Mint

Mint
:

Linux Mint U

5
 Mint Install Linux Mint

Mint

Mint

6
Mint

Linux
1.5

http://blog.csdn.net/linuxmake/article/details/9246745

Mint
BIOS BIOS U Mint

OKMint Mint

Mint
GUI
CLI[5]

Cinnamon[6]
Cinnamon MintCinnamon

GNOME Shell






Cinnamon Mint 16MATEKDEXfce

homeMint Linux

homeroot

8
/root/home/username~

Menu
Menu WindowsMenu

Mint Menu

Menu
ibus:

9
 ibus
ibus-pinyin

Menu

IBus
Menuibus
ibus-deamon -d

10
 ibus
Ctrl+Alt+t ibus-setup
Ctrl+ibus ibus-
pinyin

[7]

linux

11


Mint GNU/Linux

1.

2.Linux

dpkgRPM

3.

MD5ISO
MD5

4.

5.

beta beta

12


GPG

Mint

Menu
Mint

apt-get
apt-get
Opera

sudo apt-get install opera
apt-get Linux

Operasudo apt-get install opera

apt-getopera
sudo apt-get remove opera
apt-get
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
update
upgrade update
upgrade

sudo
apt-getsudoapt-get
Linux
command [-options] parameter1 parameter2 ... [8]
[-] 1 2
Linux

13
 Linux
Linux

terminal
Ctrl+Alt+t

[9]
Command Line InterfaceCLIGUI

CUI
CLI GUICLI
CLI GUICLI GUI
GUI CLI

Shell[8][10]
CLI GUI
ShellShell
UnixShellBourne Shell(sh)C ShellEmacs ShellBourne-Again
SHell(bash)bashLinux Shell

Tab
[Tab]
[Tab]
(alias)

shell

Linux [8]

[vbird@www ~]$ command [-options] parameter1 parameter2 ...

(1) (2)

0. (command)
1. command cd

14
2. [] -
-h -- --help
3. parameter1 parameter2.. command
4. , , shell
5. [Enter][Enter]
6. (\) [Enter]

a. Linux cd CD
b. bash

[Enter] ls
(~) -al

[vbird@www ~]$ ls -al ~

[vbird@www ~]$ ls -al ~
[vbird@www ~]$ ls -a -l ~

Linux Linux VBird vbird

[vbird@www ~]$ date <==

[vbird@www ~]$ Date <==
[vbird@www ~]$ DATE <==

date
cal
bc

1. date
CLI date
[vbird@www ~]$ date
Mon Aug 17 17:02:52 CST 2009
, , 17:02 , 52 2009 CST CST

2009/08/17date

[vbird@www ~]$ date +%Y/%m/%d

2009/08/17
[vbird@www ~]$ date +%H:%M
17:04

+%Y%m%ddate

15
 -
+

2. cal
cal
cal
[vbird@www ~]$ cal [month] [year]

200910
[vbird@www ~]$ cal 10 2009
October 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

13
[vbird@www ~]$ cal 13 2009
cal: illegal month value: use 1-12
cal 1-12 cal
^_^ cal

3. bc

Linux bcbc

[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
_ <==
bc Windows
bc
bc bc
+
-
*
/
^
%
bc
[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

16
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
1+2+3+4 <==
10
7-8+3
2
10*52
520
10%3 <==
1
10^2
100
10/100 <== 0.1
0
quit <== bc

10/100 0bc
scale=number number
[vbird@www ~]$ bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
scale=3 <==
1/3
.333
340/2349
.144
quit

(bc) (bcquit)
[vbird@www

17
~]$

[Tab], [ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d

[Tab]

[Tab]([Caps Lock])Unix-LikeShell
[Tab]Linux Bash shell
[Tab]
cal
ca [tab]

[vbird@www ~]$ ca[tab][tab] <==[tab] a

cadaver callgrind_control capifax card
cal cameratopam capifaxrcvd case
caller cancel capiinfo cat
callgrind_annotate cancel.cups captoinfo catchsegv
# [tab] tabtab

cals -al
~/.bash[tab]

[vbird@www ~]$ ls -al ~/.bash[tab][tab]

.bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc

.bash
[tab]command()

[Tab]
[Tab]
[tab]

[Ctrl]-c
Linux
[Ctrl]c(
[Ctrl]c)
find /()
[Ctrl]-c

[vbird@www ~]$ find /

....()....
# [ctrl]-c
[vbird@www ~]$ <==find

18

^_^

[Ctrl]-d
[Ctrl]-d[Ctrl]d
(End Of File, EOF End Of Input) exit
[Ctrl]-d(exit)

Linux
...

date
DATE

[vbird@www ~]$ DATE

-bash: DATE: command not found

bash:Shell Linux bash

bashbash
DATE: command not found
DATE
DATE command not found

bashPATH

[vbird@www ~]$ cal 13 2009

cal: illegal month value: use 1-12

date

Linux man page

Linux [Tab]

19
[vbird@www ~]$ <==[tab]
Display all 2450 possibilities? (y or n) <== n

2000 vbird
Linux
@_@ ()


Linux


Linux

date Linux

(man) man manual()

man date

[vbird@www ~]$ LANG="en"

#
[vbird@www ~]$ man date
DATE(1) User Commands DATE(1)
#
NAME <==date/

date - print or set the system date and time

SYNOPSIS <==
date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
DESCRIPTION <==
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system
date.
-d, --date=STRING <==-d--date
display time described by STRING, not 'now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE
like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
-r, --reference=FILE
display the last modification time of FILE
....()....
#
FORMAT controls the output. The only valid option for the second
form specifies Coordinated Universal Time. Interpreted sequences
are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)

20
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
....()....
ENVIRONMENT <==
TZ Specifies the timezone, unless overridden by command line
parameters. If neither is specified, the setting from
/etc/localtime is used.
AUTHOR <==
Written by David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS <==email
Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT <== GPL
Copyright ? 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. There is NO WARRANTY, to
the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO <==date
The full documentation for date is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
Tips:
man
q man man

()date
man page
man page
DATE(1)DATE
(1)

1 shell
2
3 (function)(library)C(libc)
4 /dev
5
6 (games)
7 LinuxASCII code
8
9 kernel

man 7 man
man page /
man nullNULL(4)
null

Tips:
1, 5, 8

man page man date

NAME SEE ALSOman page

21


NAME
SYNOPSIS (syntax)
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS SYNOPSIS
COMMANDS ()()
FILES
SEE ALSO
EXAMPLE
BUGS

Authors CopyrightNAME
DESCRIPTION
1.NAME
2.DESCRIPTION

3.(date)OPTIONS

4.SEE
ALSOinfo coreutils date
5.(FILES )

man page man page

[Page Up][Page Down]
/word
/date

DATE(1) User Commands DATE(1)

NAME
date - print or set the system date and time
SYNOPSIS
date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
DESCRIPTION

Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
....()....
/date <==/

/
date man pagedate
man page q man page

[Page Down]
[Page Up]
[Home]

22
 [End]
/string string vbird /vbird
?string string

n, N / ? n ( / ?)
N /vbird vbird
n N ?vbird
vbird n N

q man page

man page
man page vbird /vbird
?vbird n
N ^_^

man pageman pageman page

distribution /usr/share/man
man page /etc/man.config
(man.conf manpath.conf)man man man

/man page

man page man

man

[vbird@www ~]$ man -f man

man (1) - format and display the on-line manual pages
man (7) - macros to format man pages
man.config [man] (5) - configuration data for man

-f man ()
man (7) man (7)man (1)
man man
man

[vbird@www ~]$ man 1 man <== man(1)

[vbird@www ~]$ man 7 man <== man(7)

1, 7
man page17
man man 17
/etc/man.conf

23
 man man man 1 man

man -f man
()()
-macros to format man pages
man -f man ()

()

man

[vbird@www ~]$ man -k man

. [builtins] (1) - bash built-in commands, see bash(1)
.TP 15 php [php] (1) - PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI'
....()....
zshall (1) - the Z shell meta-man page
zshbuiltins (1) - zsh built-in commands
zshzle (1) - zsh command line editor

man(
) ^_^(
)

man page man

[vbird@www ~]$ whatis [] <== man -f []
[vbird@www ~]$ apropos [] <== man -k []

whatis
root

[root@www ~]# makewhatis

Tips:

lp (line print) man lp
lp[tab][tab] lp
man
Linux
(man)

24

Mint LinuxMint
Linux Linux
GNULinux vimEmacs......
Linux Linux
Linux

Linux
man page
Linux http://vbird.dic.ksu.edu.tw/
Linux http://linux.chinaitlab.com/special/linuxcom/
EmacsVim http://os.51cto.com/art/201101/242518.htm
Windows Linux
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-roadmap/index1.html
Windows Linux
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-roadmap/index2.html

Linux Mint

johiten@gmail.com
Mint

[1]Linux[OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li n ux
[2]About-LinuxMint[OL].http://www.linuxmint.com/about.php
[3]Linux Mint[OL].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Mint
[4],jluliuchao,.Linux Mint[G/OL].
http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation/user-guide/chinese_11.0.pdf:5
[5][OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki /
[6]Cinnamon[OL].http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon
[7],jluliuchao,.Linux Mint[G/OL].
http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation/user-guide/chinese_11.0.pd f:36-48
[8]Linux[OL].
http://vbird.dic.ksu.edu.tw/linux_basic/0160startlinux_2.php
[9][OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki /
[10]Linux[OL].
http://vbird.dic.ksu.edu.tw/linux_basic/0320bash_1.php

25