4. Case: Bicerra (plaintiffs-appellants) v.

Teneza (defendant-appellees)

FACTS: The Bicerras are supposedly the owners of the house worth P200, built on a lot owned
by them in Lagangilang, Abra; which the Tenezas forcibly demolished in January 1957, claiming
to be the owners thereof. The materials of the house were placed in the custody of the barrio
lieutenant. The Bicerras prayed to be declared as the owners of the house in question and/or the
materials that resulted from the demolition. Moreover, Bicerras filed a complaint claiming actual
damages of P200, moral and consequential damages amounting to P600, and the costs. The CFI
Abra dismissed the complaint claiming that the action was within the exclusive (original)
jurisdiction of the Justice of the Peace Court of Lagangilang, Abra.

ISSUE:
W/N the action involves title to real propety.
W/N the dismissal of the complaint was proper.

HELD:
The Supreme Court affirmed the order appealed. Having been admitted in forma pauperis, no
costs were adjudged.

1. House is immovable property even if situated on land belonging to a different owner;

Exception, when demolished. A house is classified as immovable property by reason of its
adherence to the soil on which it is built (Article 415, paragraph 1, Civil Code). This
classification holds true regardless of the fact that the house may be situated on land belonging to
a different owner. But once the house is demolished, as in this case, it ceases to exist as such and
hence its character as an immovable likewise ceases.

2. Recovery of damages not exceeding P2,000 and involving no real property belong to the
Justice of the Peace Court
The complaint is for recovery of damages, the only positive relief prayed for. Further, a
declaration of being the owners of the dismantled house and/or of the materials in no wise
constitutes the relief itself which if granted by final judgment could be enforceable by execution,
but is only incidental to the real cause of action to recover damages. As this is a case for recovery
of damages where the demand does not exceed PhP 2,000 and that there is no real property
litigated as the house has ceased to exist, the case is within the jurisdiction of the Justice of the
Peace Court (as per Section 88, RA 296 as amended) and not the CFI (Section 44, id.)