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SRWUR^Da VD YH`LP RSWHUH`HZHP PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL NDEORYVNLP
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 1D VO GDW MH ^HPDWVNL SULND] 11 PUHCH L SULSDGDMX`LK 76 ]D 7LS
 VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

6O >HPDWVNL SULND] PUHCH ]D 7,3   1$6(4( 6$ &(175$/1,0


*5(-$:(0
 NROHNWLYQR VWDQRYDZH 

76    N9

2VQRYQL NDEO 33 $6- [ PP   N9

.X`QL SULNTXaDN 33 $6-

.DEORYVND SULNTXaQD NXWLMD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

 7,3  ,1',9,'8$/1$ 3252',A1$ 67$0%(1$ 1$6(4$ 6$


&(175$/1,0 *5(-$:(0 , 0$/20 *867,120 67$129$:$
 2YDM WLS REXKYDWD VWDPEHQD QDVHTD VD FHQWUDOQLP JUHMDZHP L
PDORP JXVWLQRP VWDQRYDZD VSUDWQRVWL 3 3 L 33 L 11
PUHCRP NRMD MH L]YHGHQD NDEORYVNL LOL 6.6RP VD DQWHQVNLP
QDSDMDZHP
 0DNVLPDOQR JRGL^ZH MHGQRYUHPHQR RSWHUH`HZH 3P QD QLYRX
REMHNWD ]D 7LS  L 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD RGUH_XMH VH SR REUDVFX
L] WDaNH  L SUHPD WDEHOL 
 1D]QDaHQD VQDJD 6Q (7D VH RGUH_XMH SUHPD WDaNL 
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD (7 LQVWDOLVDQH
VQDJH 6Q GDW MH X WDEHOL 
 %URM L]YRGD 11 X 76 ELUD VH SUHPD WDaNL 
%URM L]YRGD 11 X 76 ]D 7LS  L]QRVL  X 0%76 L  X 0763
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD RVQRYQL NDE
ORYVNL LOL QDG]HPQL 11 YRG GDW MH X WDEHOL 
 7LS 76    N9
=D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD SR SUDYLOX VH NRULVWH 0%76 ,]X]HWQR VH
NRULVWL 0763 LOL VH 76 PRQWLUD X QHNL GUXJL REMHNDW ]JUDGX 
 .RQFHSFLMD 11 PUHCH
11 PUHCD MH NDEORYVND JUDGL VH NDR DQWHQVND L SR SUDYLOX QH
SRYH]XMH VXVHGQH 76 0UHCD SULKYDWD REMHNWH SUHNR NDEORYVNLK SUL
NTXaQLK NXWLMD .3. SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] V WLP ^WR RVQRYQL YRG
 L]YRG L] 76 LOL L] VORERGQRVWRMH`HJ NDEORYVNRJ UD]YRGQRJ RUPDQD
QDSDMD SR SUDYLOX JUXSX REMHNDWD
*UXSD REMHNDWD PRCH GD VH QDSDMD NDEORYVNLP YRGRP PDZHJ SUHVHND
NRML VH NDR RGYRMDN SULNTXaXMH QD RVQRYQL NDEORYVNL YRG .DEORYVNL
YRGRGYRMDN VH SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] SULNTXaXMH QD RVQRYQL YRG
3RMHGLQDaQL REMHNWL L] VYDNH JUXSH REMHNDWD SULNTXaXMX VH QD
NDEORYVNL YRGRGYRMDN SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] SUHNR .3. PDZLK
GLPHQ]LMD =D VOXaDM SRMHGLQDaQLK REMHNDWD XGDTHQLK  P LOL YL^H
RG RVQRYQRJ NDEORYVNRJ YRGD SULNTXaDN VH L]YRGL L] XGYRMHQH .3.
QD QDMEOLCRM ]JUDGL LOL L] VORERGQRVWRMH`HJ NDEORYVNRJ RUPDQD
2EMHNWL PRJX GD VH SULNTXaH L SUHNR 7 VSRMQLFD QD RVQRYQL
NDEORYVNL YRG SRG XVORYRP GD VX RG RYRJ YRGD XGDTHQL  P LOL
YL^H 8 RYRP VOXaDMX VH SRVWDYTD SR MHGDQ SULNTXaDN XOD]L]OD] QD
VYDNLK SHW 7 SULNTXaDND LOL GHVHW VWDQRYD
 9UVWD L SUHVHN SURYRGQLND NDEORYVNH 11 PUHCH
NDEORYVNL YRGRYL VX WLSD 33$6- VD 39& L]RODFLMRP LOL ;3
$6- VD L]RODFLMRP RG XPUHCHQRJ SROLHWLOHQD SUHVHND [

PP ]D RVQRYQX PUHCX SUHPD 73
NDEORYVNL SULNTXaFL PRJX GD VH L]YHGX UD]OLaLWLP WLSRP L
PDZLP SUHVHNRP X RGQRVX QD RVQRYQL YRG 11 PUHCH

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

 1D VO GDW MH ^HPDWVNL SULND] 11 PUHCH L SULSDGDMX`LK 76 ]D 7LS


 VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD

6O >HPDWVNL SULND] PUHCH ]D 7,3  1$6(4( 6$ &(175$/1,0


*5(-$:(0 , 0$/20 *867,120 67$129$:$
 SRURGLaQD JUDGZD 

76     N9


2VQRYQL NDEO 33 $6- [ PP   N9

2JUDQDN 33 $6- RGJRYDUDMX`HJ SUHVHND


.DEORYVND SULNTXaQD NXWLMD
7 VSRMQLFD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

 7,3  25*$1,=29$1$ ,1',9,'8$/1$ 3252',A1$ *5$':$


%(= &(175$/12* *5(-$:$
 2YDM WLS REXKYDWD QRYD XUEDQL]RYDQD VWDPEHQD QDVHTD X NRMLPD QH
PRCH GD VH VDJOHGD SHULRG XYR_HZD FHQWUDOQRJ JUHMDZD VD
REMHNWLPD LVWRJ LOL VOLaQRJ WLSD VSUDWQRVWL 3 3 L 33
0UHCD 11 MH SR SUDYLOX NDEORYVND VD DQWHQVNLP QDSDMDZHP DOL VH
NRULVWL L QDG]HPQD PUHCD NRMD VH JUDGL NDR PH_XSRYH]QD QD
EHWRQVNLP VWXERYLPD
=D RYDM WLS VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD VH UDaXQD GD L]YHVWDQ EURM GRPD`LQ
VWDYD NRULVWL HOHNWULaQX HQHUJLMX ]D ]DJUHYDZD VWDQRYD DOL VH X
VWDQX QH JUHMX VYH SURVWRULMH

 0DNVLPDOQR JRGL^ZH MHGQRYUHPHQR RSWHUH`HZH 3P QD QLYRX


REMHNWD ]D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD RGUH_XMH VH SR REUDVFX  L]
WDaNH 

3P = Q   + +  Q

 W 
Q
8 WDEHOL  GDWL VX SRGDFL R PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP MHGQRYUHPHQRP
RSWHUH`HZX 3P JUXSH RG Q GRPD`LQVWDYD  Q  SULNTXaHQLK
QD 76 LOL 11 YRG ]D SUHVHaQH JRGLQH   L WD

7DEHOD  0DNVLPDOQR RSWHUH`HZH VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD 7LS 


Pm [kW]
n            
2000            
t 2005            
2010            

 1D]QDaHQD VQDJD 6Q (7D ELUD VH WDNR GD RSWHUH`HZH (7D X


JRGLQL DNWLYLUDZD 76 3D X QRUPDOQLP SRJRQVNLP XVORYLPD
L]QRVL RNR   QD]QDaHQH VQDJH
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD MHGDQ (7 GDW MH X
WDEHOL  ]D SUHVHaQH JRGLQH X QDUHGQRP SHULRGX
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD 76 7LS 
,QVWDOLVDQD VQDJD 76 6Q [ N9$ ]   
2SWHUH`HZH SUL DNWLYLUDZX 3D [ N: ] *   

0DNV JRGL^ZH RSWHUH`HZH 3P(7 [N:] *   

W QD QP QD QP QD QP
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD [ Q ]       
      
      
QD  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL DNWLYLUDZX 76 FRV 
QP  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP RSWHUH`HZX

 %URM L]YRGD 11 X 76 ELUD VH WDNR GD X JRGLQL SULNTXaHZD QD


PUHCX RSWHUH`HZH YRGD ,D L]QRVL RNR   GR]YRTHQRJ RSWHUH
`HZD YRGD ,D ,GR]= 

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

%URM 11 L]YRGD X 76 L]QRVL  X 0%76  X 0763  X 676  L  X


676 
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD RVQRYQL NDE
ORYVNL LOL QDG]HPQL 11 YRG GDW MH X WDEHOL  ]D SUHVHaQH JRGL
QH X QDUHGQRP SHULRGX 8 VOXaDMX GD VH XPHVWR 39& NDEORYD NRULVWH
NDEORYL VD L]RODFLMRP RG XPUHCHQRJ SROLHWLOHQD WLSD ;3$6- SRG
MHGQDNLP RVWDOLP XVORYLPD GR]YRTHQR MH SULNTXaHZH RNR  YH`HJ
EURMD GRPD`LQVWDYD X RGQRVX QD EURM L] WDEHOH 
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD YRG 7LS 

9UVWD YRGD .DEO 33$6- [ PP
%URM NDEORYD X URYX EN    6.6
.RHI SRODJDZD NDEORYD NEN   
W QD QP QD QP QD QP QD QP
        
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD [ Q ]
        
        
QD EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL DNWLYLUDZX YRGD
QP  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP RSWHUH`HZX

 7LS 76    N9


=D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD SR SUDYLOX VH NRULVWH 0%76 ,]X]HWQR VH
NRULVWL 0763 LOL VWXEQH 76
 .RQFHSFLMD 11 PUHCH
 .DEORYVND 11 PUHCD VH JUDGL NDR DQWHQVND L SR SUDYLOX QH
SRYH]XMH VXVHGQH 76 0UHCD SULKYDWD REMHNWH SUHNR NDEORYVNLK SUL
NTXaQLK NXWLMD .3. SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] V WLP ^WR RVQRYQL
YRG  L]YRG L] 76 LOL L] VORERGQRVWRMH`HJ NDEORYVNRJ UD]YRGQRJ
RUPDQD QDSDMD SR SUDYLOX JUXSX REMHNDWD
*UXSD REMHNDWD PRCH GD VH QDSDMD NDEORYVNLP YRGRP PDZHJ SUHVHND
NRML VH NDR RGYRMDN SULNTXaXMH QD RVQRYQL NDEORYVNL YRG .DEORYVNL
YRGRGYRMDN VH SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] SULNTXaXMH QD RVQRYQL YRG
3RMHGLQDaQL REMHNWL L] VYDNH JUXSH REMHNDWD SULNTXaXMX VH QD
NDEORYVNL YRGRGYRMDN SR SULQFLSX XOD]L]OD] SUHNR .3. PDZLK
GLPHQ]LMD =D VOXaDM SRMHGLQDaQLK REMHNDWD XGDTHQLK  P LOL YL^H
RG RVQRYQRJ NDEORYVNRJ YRGD SULNTXaDN VH L]YRGL L] XGYRMHQH .3.
QD QDMEOLCRM ]JUDGL LOL L] VORERGQRVWRMH`HJ NDEORYVNRJ RUPDQD
2EMHNWL PRJX GD VH SULNTXaH L SUHNR 7 VSRMQLFD QD RVQRYQL
NDEORYVNL YRG SRG XVORYRP GD VX RG RYRJ YRGD XGDTHQL  P LOL
YL^H 8 RYRP VOXaDMX VH SRVWDYTD SR MHGDQ SULNTXaDN XOD]L]OD]
QD VYDNLK SHW 7 SULNTXaDND LOL GHVHW VWDQRYD
 1DG]HPQD 11 PUHCD MH QD EHWRQVNLP VWXERYLPD SRYH]XMH VXVHGQH
76 LOL VH JUDGL NDR DQWHQVND 5H]HUYLUDZH VH NRULVWL VDPR SRG
XVORYLPD NRML QH GRYRGH GR QHGR]YRTHQLK RSWHUH`HZD
*UDQLFH UD]GYDMDZD PUHCD VH L]YRGH QD VWXEX QD NRPH VH REDYH]QR
SRYH]XMX QHXWUDOQL SURYRGQLFL
 9UVWD L SUHVHN SURYRGQLND 11 PUHCH
.DEORYVND PUHCD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

NDEORYVNL YRGRYL VX WLSD 33$6- VD 39& L]RODFLMRP LOL ;3


$6- VD L]RODFLMRP RG XPUHCHQRJ SROLHWLOHQD SUHVHND [

PP ]D RVQRYQX PUHCX 73 
NDEORYVNL SULNTXaFL PRJX GD VH L]YHGX UD]OLaLWLP WLSRP L
PDZLP SUHVHNRP X RGQRVX QD RVQRYQL YRG 11 PUHCH 73 
1DG]HPQD PUHCD
QDG]HPQD 11 PUHCD VH L]YRGL 6.6RP WLSD ;2$ SUHVHND

[[ PP 73 
NX`QL SULNTXaFL VH L]YRGH 6.6RP WLSD ;$ SUHVHND [ PP
LOL NDEORP RGJRYDUDMX`HJ SUHVHND 73 L 73 
SRWUR^DaL VD YH`LP RSWHUH`HZHP PRJX GD VH SULNTXaH L GLUHNWQR
X 76 NDEORYVNLP YRGRP RGJRYDUDMX`HJ SUHVHND
 1D VO GDW MH ^HPDWVNL SULND] 11 PUHCH L SULSDGDMX`LK 76 ]D 7LS
 VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

6O >HPDWVNL SULND] PUHCH ]D 7,3  1$6(4( %(= &(175$/12*


*5(-$:$ , 0$/20 *867,120 67$129$:$
 RUJDQL]RYDQD LQGLYLGXDOQD JUDGZD 

0%76     N9

6WXEQD 76     N9


2VQRYQL NDEO 33 $6- [ PP   N9

;2$  [   [ PP
2JUDQDN 33 $6- RGJRYDUDMX`HJ SUHVHND
.X`QL SULNTXaDN ;$ [ PP
.3.
7 VSRMQLFD
*UDQLFD QDSDMDZD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

 7,3  65(06., 7,3 1$6(4$


 2YDM WLS REXKYDWD GHORYH YDQJUDGVNRJ QDVHTD VD YH`RP JXVWLQRP
VWDQRYDZD VD SULEOLCQR SUDYLOQLP UDVSRUHGRP XOLFD L UDVNU
VQLFD VSUDWQRVWL REMHNDWD 3 L 3
8 RYRP QDVHTX PUHCD 11 MH SR SUDYLOX QDG]HPQD L SRYH]XMH VXVHGQH
76 GRN VX 76 VORERGQRVWRMH`H LOL VWXEQH
=D RYDM WLS VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD VH UDaXQD GD L]YHVWDQ EURM GRPD`LQ
VWDYD NRULVWL HOHNWULaQX HQHUJLMX ]D ]DJUHYDZD VWDQRYD DOL VH X
VWDQX QH JUHMX VYH SURVWRULMH

 0DNVLPDOQR JRGL^ZH MHGQRYUHPHQR RSWHUH`HZH 3P QD QLYRX


REMHNWD ]D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD RGUH_XMH VH SR REUDVFX  L]
WDaNH 

3P = Q   + +  Q

 W 
Q

8 WDEHOL  GDWL VX SRGDFL R PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP MHGQRYUHPHQRP


RSWHUH`HZX 3P JUXSH RG Q GRPD`LQVWDYD  Q  SULNTXaHQLK
QD 76 LOL 11 YRG ]D SUHVHaQH JRGLQH   L WD
7DEHOD  0DNVLPDOQR RSWHUH`HZH VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD 7LS 
Pm [kW]
n        
2000        
t 2005        
2010        

 1D]QDaHQD VQDJD 6Q (7D ELUD VH WDNR GD RSWHUH`HZH (7D X


JRGLQL DNWLYLUDZD 76 3D X QRUPDOQLP SRJRQVNLP XVORYLPD
L]QRVL RNR   QD]QDaHQH VQDJH
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD MHGDQ (7 GDW MH X
WDEHOL  ]D SUHVHaQH JRGLQH X QDUHGQRP SHULRGX
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD 76 7LS 
,QVWDOLVDQD VQDJD 76 6Q [ N9$ ]   
2SWHUH`HZH SUL DNWLYLUDZX 3D [ N: ] *   

0DNV JRGL^ZH RSWHUH`HZH 3P(7 [N:] *   

W QD QP QD QP QD QP
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD [ Q ]       
      
      
QD EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL DNWLYLUDZX 76 FRV 
QP  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP RSWHUH`HZX

 %URM L]YRGD 11 X 76 ELUD VH WDNR GD X JRGLQL SULNTXaHZD QD


PUHCX RSWHUH`HZH YRGD ,D L]QRVL RNR   GR]YRTHQRJ RSWHUH
`HZD NDEORYVNRJ YRGD ,D ,GR]= 
%URM 11 L]YRGD X 76 L]QRVL  X 0%76  X 0763  X 676  L  X
676 

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD RVQRYQL NDE


ORYVNL LOL QDG]HPQL 11 YRG GDW MH X WDEHOL  ]D SUHVHaQH JRGL
QH X QDUHGQRP SHULRGX 8 VOXaDMX NRUL^`HZD NDEORYD VD L]RODFLMRP
RG XPUHCHQRJ SROLHWLOHQD WLSD ;3$6- SRG MHGQDNLP RVWDOLP
XVORYLPD GR]YRTHQR MH SULNTXaHZH RNR  YH`HJ EURMD GRPD`LQ
VWDYD X RGQRVX QD EURM L] WDEHOH 
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD YRG 7LS 

9UVWD YRGD .DEO 33$ [ PP
6.6 $Oa
%URM NDEORYD X URYX EN     
 PP  PP
.RHI SRODJDZD NDEORYD NEN   
W QD QP QD QP QD QP QD QP QD QP
          
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD [ Q ]
          
          
QD  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL DNWLYLUDZX YRGD
QP  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP RSWHUH`HZX

 7LS 76    N9


=D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD VH NRULVWH 0%76 VWXEQH 76 LOL 0763
 .RQFHSFLMD PUHCH 11
1DG]HPQD 11 PUHCD MH QD EHWRQVNLP VWXERYLPD SRYH]XMH VXVHGQH 76
LOL VH JUDGL NDR DQWHQVND *UDQLFH UD]GYDMDZD PUHCD VH L]YRGH QD
VWXEX QD NRPH VH REDYH]QR SRYH]XMX QHXWUDOQL SURYRGQLFL 3R SUDYL
OX VH NRULVWL 6.6 DOL MH GR]YRTHQR NRUL^`HZH L JROLK $Oa XCDGL
 9UVWD L SUHVHN SURYRGQLND 11 PUHCH
QDG]HPQD 11 PUHCD VH L]YRGL 6.6RP WLSD ;2$ SUHVHND
 
[[ PP LOL [[ PP 73  RGQRVQR VD
JROLP $Oa XCDGLPD RGJRYDUDMX`HJ SUHVHND
NX`QL SULNTXaFL VH L]YRGH 6.6RP WLSD ;$ SUHVHND [ PP
73 

 1D VO GDW MH ^HPDWVNL SULND] 11 PUHCH L SULSDGDMX`LK 76 ]D 7LS


 VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

6O >HPDWVNL SULND] PUHCH ]D 7,3 


9$1*5$'6.$ 1$6(4$ 6$ 9(@20 *867,120 67$129$:$
 WLS VUHPVNL 

0%76    N9

6WXEQD 76    N9

2VQRYQL NDEO 33 $6- [PP   N9


.X`QL SULNTXaDN ;$  [  PP

;2$   [      [  PP  N9
*UDQLFD QDSDMDZD

VHSWHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

 7,3  >80$',-6., 7,3 1$6(4$


 2YDM WLS REXKYDWD GHORYH YDQJUDGVNRJ QDVHTD VD PDORP JXVWLQRP
VWDQRYDZD VD QHSUDYLOQLP UDVSRUHGRP VODER SRSXZHQLK XOLFD L
EH] SUDYLK UDVNUVQLFD 6WDPEHQL REMHNWL VX SUHWHCQR VWLKLMVNL
SRVWDYTHQL VSUDWQRVWL 3 3 L 33
8 RYRP QDVHTX PUHCD 11 MH SR SUDYLOX QDG]HPQD L QH SRYH]XMH VX
VHGQH 76 GRN VX 76 SR SUDYLOX VWXEQH D L]X]HWQR 0763
=D RYDM WLS VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD VH UDaXQD GD RGUH_HQ EURM GRPD`LQ
VWDYD NRULVWL HOHNWULaQX HQHUJLMX ]D ]DJUHYDZD VWDQRYD DOL VH X
VWDQX QH JUHMX VYH SURVWRULMH
=D RYDM WLS VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD VH SUHGYL_D VWDJQDFLMD SRWUR^ZH X
QDUHGQRP SHULRGX

 0DNVLPDOQR JRGL^ZH MHGQRYUHPHQR RSWHUH`HZH 3P QD QLYRX


REMHNWD ]D 7LS  VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD RGUH_XMH VH SR REUDVFX  L]
WDaNH 

3P = Q   + +  Q


Q
8 WDEHOL  GDWL VX SRGDFL R PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP MHGQRYUHPHQRP
RSWHUH`HZX 3P JUXSH RG Q GRPD`LQVWDYD  Q  SULNTXaHQLK
QD 76 LOL 11 YRG
7DEHOD  0DNVLPDOQR RSWHUH`HZH VWDPEHQRJ QDVHTD 7LS 
Pm [kW]
n        
2000
t        
2010

 1D]QDaHQD VQDJD 6Q (7D ELUD VH WDNR GD RSWHUH`HZH (7D X


JRGLQL DNWLYLUDZD 76 3D X QRUPDOQLP SRJRQVNLP XVORYLPD
L]QRVL RNR   QD]QDaHQH VQDJH
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD MHGDQ (7 GDW MH X
WDEHOL 
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD 76 7LS 
,QVWDOLVDQD VQDJD 76 6Q [ N9$ ]   
2SWHUH`HZH SUL DNWLYLUDZX 3D [ N: ] *   

0DNV JRGL^ZH RSWHUH`HZH 3P(7 [N:] *   

W QD QP QD QP QD QP
%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD [ Q ]

     

QD  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL DNWLYLUDZX 76 FRV 
QP  EURM GRPD`LQVWDYD SUL PDNVLPDOQRP JRGL^ZHP RSWHUH`HZX

 %URM L]YRGD 11 X 76 ELUD VH WDNR GD X JRGLQL SULNTXaHZD QD


PUHCX RSWHUH`HZH YRGD ,D L]QRVL RNR   GR]YRTHQRJ RSWHUH
`HZD YRGD ,D ,GR]= 
%URM 11 L]YRGD X 76 L]QRVL  X 0763  676   X 676  L  X
676 

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ VHSWHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73  E

%URM GRPD`LQVWDYD NRML PRCH GD VH SULNTXaL QD RVQRYQL QDG


]HPQL 11 YRG L]YHGHQ 6.6RP WLSD ;2$ LOL VD JROLP $Oa
XCDGLPD GDW MH X WDEHOL 
'XCLQD 11 L]YRGD GR QDMXGDTHQLMHJ REMHNWD QH WUHED GD EXGH YH`D
RG  P
7DEHOD  %URM GRPD`LQVWDYD SULNTXaHQ QD YRG 7LS 
9UVWD YRGD 6.6 $Oa
3UHVHN [PP]    
QD QP QD QP QD QP QD QP
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