Virology

1. Virus classification is the naming of viruses and placement into a taxonomic

system. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as acid type,
replication type, and type of disease they cause. Two main ways of classifying
viruses exist, these are The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
(ICTV) system, and the Baltimore classification system which places the virus
into one of seven groups.

2.
1884 Charles Chamberland invented the
Chamberland filter, with pores smaller
than bacteria, which would allow a
solution to pass through and remove
bacteria.
1876 Adolf Mayer discovered Tobacco
Mosaic Disease, which was caused by
the tobacco mosaic virus.
1881 Carlos Finlay conducted research that
indicated that mosquitoes were carrying
the cause of yellow fever.
Early 20th century Frederick Twort discovered
Bacteriophages.
1931 Ernest William Goodpasture grew
influenza and several other viruses in
fertilised chickens eggs.
1949 John F. Enders, Thomas Weller, and
Frederick Robbins grew polio virus of
the first time in cultured human embryo
cells, the first virus to be grown without
using solid animal tissue or eggs.
1908 Poliovirus
1911 Rous sarcoma virus
1927 Yellow fever virus
1934 Mumps virus
1954 Measles virus
1963 Hep B virus
1976 Ebola Virus
1983 HIV
1989 Hep C Virus
3. Viruses can be used in molecular and cellular biology studies, medicine,
bacteriophage therapy, and nanotechnology. The use of viruses is extensive and
provides a great advantage of being simple systems that can be used for a great
many things. Biological studies use viruses to manipulate and investigate the
functions of cells, they are used in genetics research and understanding of the
genes and DNA replication, RNA formation, and basics of immunology.
 Viruses are used in medicine as vectors or carriers that take the required material
for treatment of a disease to various target cells. They have been studied
extensively.

Nanotechnology includes microscopic particles. These have various uses in

biology and medicine. Viruses can be used as carriers for genetically modified
sequences of genomes to the host cells.

4.
Virus Symptoms Mechanisms used Treatment
to infect
Yellow fever Fever, chills, Mosquitoes are Vaccine
appetite loss, carriers, the virus
nausea, muscle enters the cell via
pains, and receptor mediated
headaches. endocytosis and
begins viral
replication in the
cytoplasm.
Measles Fevers, cough, Transmitted Immunisation, no
coryza, through human other treatment
conjunctivitis, coughing, and aside from rest
rash. sneezing, the virus
enters a host cell
and replicates in
the cytoplasm
Hep B Loss of appetite, Exposure to Little treatment is
nausea, vomiting, infectious blood or needed as it is
body aches, mild body fluids quickly dealt with
fever, dark urine. containing blood,
the virus enters a
host cell and
replicates in the
cytoplasm

References

Hepatitis Australia, HA 2016, Hepatitis B, Viewed 16/08/17,

http://www.hepatitisaustralia.com/hepatitis-b-facts/

Better health, BH, 2015, Measles, Better Health Channel, Viewed 16/08/17
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/measles
News Medical Life Sciences, 2017, What is Virology, News Medical, Viewed
16/08/17 https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Virology.aspx

Department of Health, 2017, Yellow fever, The Department of Health, Viewed

16/08/17, www.health.gov.au/yellowfever

Healthline, 2016, Yellow Fever, Healthline, Viewed 16/08/17,

www.healthline.com/health/yellow-fever