Vol If Parti Pascioult I to Ir —o- 1908- oe Publ shed by The Panini Office, BHuvanesswar Aseam 8940 Thad gan} ALLAHABAD . Ata Racngs Rrseiven ° ee SIDDITANTA OD UK avmupr) OF. BHATTOJI & 2 # # & DIMSHITA &# # cb & ~ - . ae “ete e ' - 7 SS oe EDITED AND TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH By SRISA CHANDBS VASE B Aoa! t .* WORKS BY THL slur AUTHOR THE ASUTADHYAYI OF PANINI Complete in 1,632 pages, Royal Octavd . + ‘ Gentaimtg Sanstrt Suivas and Vruus uth Sotes and kxplanation im Enghih dused on the celebrated Commentary culled hark Price forthe Complete Work, including postage Indian. a ane . Rs 45 0 0 Foreign. . . 4 310 © « The Right Hondle F. Max Multer, Oxford Oth February 1602 —~* * * From shat Ihave seen of at, wil bea very usuful work What should I hav? given for such a woth forty years azo when I puzzled my head over Paninis Sutras and the Commentanes * * * I hope you may succeed in finishing your work . The Right Hon'ble F Max Muller, Oxford, 50th April, 1899-—* * Ahow me tu congratulate you on your successful termiuatiou of Pantuis Grammar It was a great undertaking, and you have done your part of the work most admmrably I say once more, what should E have given for an edition of Panint when 1 was young and how much time would it*hite saved me aud others Whatever people may say, a; one knows Sarfokeit who does not know Pani * . * . * e isa AND KENA UPANISADS. WITH Anvaya, Vritti, Word meaning, extracts from the commenteries of Shankara, Ramangjs, and Madhvschary, Notes and Translation into English an Introduct on and Indexes ° ot + +. The present srork 1s a ty pieal departure from the numerout publications that have preceled it Immediately below each Mantra ta gaven the prose order snd the Vit: or commentary 10 Sausknt, the meaning sud explanation in order of each word, which 1s also trausliterated into Euglish, the translation and wherever necessary, notes of different re diugs To ench ¢f the Uprurzhads ig prefixed 9 leaned introduction, explumns the vario ts anterpretations according to the three Schools of Sankar, Rainaunya, and Madhava + + $ ‘Lhisneathtde vo'uine is adinmably adapted for use asatext book tf { + atisto hoped thar the Aatha and other mpoitant ‘Upanishads will also be published in the sine attractive and useful garb” The Indian Keview for June 1903 Sunilar to the above .THE SIDD HANA. KAUR oF BHATTOJI DIKSHITA, LOLPED AND TRANSGAPED INEO Pegnise By ' SatSa CHANDRA VASU, B. A, VOL I PARTI VAIDIC GRAMMAR. (VERBS) Alf rights reserved PUBLISULD BY TH y v & © PANINI OFFICE, BIUVANESHWALI ASiras, Bo 10 BanADURGADS, ALLAIADAP: ALLAHABAD PRINTED AT THE MEDICAL WALL Press BRANCH 1906FOREWORD. This part contams conjugations of al! the roots given tn the Dhatupitha WeStergard s well known work onthe Sanskrit roots has been followed 1 the arrangement of the roots All the conjugational forms given in the Madhavya Dhatuvnitt: have been incorporated in this part Notes, exe planateons and commentanes have been added from vartous other sources The chapters on verbs constitute the most difficulh portions of Sanskrt grammar No pains have heen spared to make the conjugations of the roots ag antelligible as possible .c -SIDDHANTA KAUMUDL. UTTARARDHA VOLUME It. yy RaTHTOT ag AEST Ut ——— Prarkehredetiehitrceteay aregerarttovigat Fayhtoraitrerg qabl ufaaraiagareraaite Ea HU WOR TATA o SALUTATION. 1 The All-pors ading is supremely glorious and though without attrib tus 1s constantly baing pruset, dvy by day, by the Great, Sears, Wustrions with tha attributes of Vaidic Studentship and Wo1hineas, and who possess all pruseworthy quihties 2 Inthe Tirst Half have been trewte] tho affixes which occur qn tha Tourth and the Fifth Adhytyas of Pisimt Now arc beng tanght the vfixes thet occu in the third Adhydya Nora —The word Srantrivhant: chanah 13 Instramental plural of the compound word autra plus arhinta with the affix chnnap Seamtra 1s de raed from Satya by «lung, tha affix (7 1 180,8 1203, andes elided by the Virtika thoreinlor Thoword moans “tho condition of + Srotmy or Vardte Student” The word Arhant? 1s dered from yzhat, seo ¥ 1 124 S 1788 The xix chanap 1s added by V 2 26,5 1827 Toshtht- yrminth as derived from the Intensive form of the verb stu “to pryse?” ‘W yote taram is formed by adding the affixes tarap by V 3 5%, 8 2003, ang , amby V 4 11,8 2004 Thisis an excoptional uso of adding tho compat+- tive degree formng affix tarap after 4 declmed vorb lhe vyayate See V°S 86 $ 2002 The verse ay un illus! trition of the employment of the curions affixes tgnBht before al : . enewu faernaremreny ( waar Gy SAT. maui 1 aga faci gg reg agi aI AEA og UTR UTE 1g a arenesteretres ' CHAPTOR I The Conjugation of Bhit Class Roots First we shall enumerate the ten Moods Present Perfect or 2nd Preterite First Pature Second Tuture Vaidie Subjunctive Imperatne Imperfect or Ist Pretemte Potential , Aorist or 3rd Preterite Conditional OF these the fifth, + e, &¢1s found only in the Vedaa BAY TART ATA RU RTA aderatmargeuta we wag 1 ererfrat + 2151 Tho aiix wg comes after a verb when denoting a pre- sent retion They are as follow — aAga gaa A RA Of the affix «= the letters # and © are mdicrtory, leaving only qu Thisy qs replaced by other affixes as shown below — hore —The word wdetz means that which 1s hegan and whieh has not yet gome to anjend Tho action denoted by averb in the prosent tense 1s yeb continuing and has not stopped As tufa ‘he 1s cooking’, qsfe ‘he 1s reading’ &o piso whatever 1s constant, regular, umform, 1s represented by tio Present Undefiute As fayfawdet ‘the mountams stand’, wafra wa ‘ the nvers Ages’ RRR LT SAR we rents rarengd16e ererer TNR aT Fa aR egoanaety wre fe wyVol. UL. Cm I § 2183.} , bré ctase, , 3 ne 7 2132. Tho tonse-affixes called ‘Ia’ are used in denoting the ob- ject and the agent in the case of Transitive verbs ; and after intran- sitive verbs, they denote the action aa well as the agent, Nore.—the term @ ineans the ton affixes known as #, faz, Se; tis tho common element of thom all; and theso affixes, when #tripped of all indieas tory Tettors, leave bend only the letter @ which is thus the common name fur “them all, ‘Tho @: in the sitra, 1s the nominative plural of 1 By the word in the sitra, wo drawin the word wat or ‘agent? from the sfitra HE $63 into tas, ‘he force of these tense-aflixes, when placed after transitive verbs xs to denote the object und tho agent; and when placcd after intransitive verbs, is to denote either ‘action? (ta) or it may denote the ‘agent? The yerb itself denotes the action; to be or to do, generally ; or to ho or to 22 n a particular manner In the active vorce, the afix marks the agent ; in the passive voice of a transitive verb, if marks tho object; Int in tho prssivo form of an transitive verb, tho eetion itself, ‘Thuy ast att Basta ‘the villago 1s gone to by Devaditts’, hero @ of wat d-notes the ob- ject and is in passive construction weet wrt Qaren *Devadatta goes to tho villago’, hero the affix fH of wexfa dinotcs the agent, and the scntence 1s in active construction, ‘Che verb wy being a transitive verb, can take hoth the active and passive constiuctions or, to use the Sanskrit techincal phraseology, the tense-nfixes, after transitive veibs, denote the agent and the object, They do not goner Wy denote “rr or action after transittve verbs, that 1, transitive verbs aro not used impersonally, Let us now give etimples of Intransitixe vorbs ; ureat Qaee8s ‘it is soxted by Devadatta’, tho vorb wrea® hore denotes metely "ra or Saction’. In other words, we maj call this an impersonal cen = struction. sta age. ‘ Devadatta sits’; here the verb saTt# denotes the agent or is am the active voice. Professor Bohtlingk translates tho sitra thas -—Atfinite vorb expreezes the agent ng well a3 the object; but the Intransitive verbs denote, m addition to that, the Impersonal idea of the actton.” Tho word “T# means action con- aiderod in the abstract, , > RWI AAT IRIEL 991 sfaartreay 74 2158. In the place of ‘Ia’ will be substituted the affixes which swe shall announce horeafter. . N6re:—This stra consists of one word erea meaning ‘of #Y. It is nu adhi. Hara sdtfa, "The word we is the genitize singular of 4, the w in @ being for4 SIDLIANTS KADMEI [vol Uo Cn 1§21.3 ~ the athe of pronmneintion ‘Lhe # means the ten afhyes og present, fag piricet, ag hr t {atures gz second fute, ae imperative FeV mde suhyune- tive, te amporicet, fez potential and Lenedictsve, TE aoust, gE condition Six of these tunses havo indicttory g, and four hase indicatory 1 Professor Bolthings translates this sutra thas —In the following sltras, the word ee should be supplied to complete the sense, 1 ¢, the please Sn tho place of all these endings which aro known aa the Personn] cndings of Various tenses 1nd moods, and aro known m their totahty 13 71 awe) irafenfomrenfirgrerermmnararenareaenee bE 1 ot - wirerrntur ]) + 2154 The following ore the erghteon substitutes bf “a” —hp’, ‘tas’, ‘yin’, ‘sip’, ‘thas’, ‘thi’, ‘mp’, ‘yas’, ‘mas’, ‘ta’, ‘itu, ‘sho’, ‘this’, Atham,’ ‘dhvam’, ‘ae’, vali’, * mahin’” - Note —Theso are the well Lnawn Conjng tional affixes caled aleo Per sonal end ngs, and are ordamed generally after all the ton tenses . RWULE Tee ype est wit weeteguem Fy t 2155 The substitutes of @ are cled parasmuprde Notre —The word + 18m tho genttrve cvse and mens ‘ofa’? The word wréa ‘substitutes’ must be supplicd ta complete the senso RULE L TETATATEARTTH 18 1B 1 YOO F Ae wearere eTeenta tt Qacrat ty URaESTIAT | 2106 ‘The mue affixes compiised under the Praty Ahara tan and the tivo ending in ina (mich and Kanrch), which we substitutes of ware called Atmaneprida Nore —Tlus dobars the previous designation of Parismupada ‘The re salt 1s that the &esb nie sulistitutes we Partsmaiptda and the last mae Atmrmoprda , ‘Then arises the question wht roots should be conjugated in ‘he Parag mp.pada nnd what in nthe Atmanepiia ‘Lhe following sfitras, answer that question aie oe A eo. setts S188 By Feaceaes ainda Care spedieg ergs + © .Vol UW Ge TE aon sO es yas 3 9197 Aft arost which has a1 iniestory annditty vowel (nudatint) orm andhertory = (mt) an tho Dhitupitha, the athx?s ao those of the Atmanepida Que erreatat. mataart rare yi gears encta frac wirostteg wires darfafr fms y * ~ 2153 Afbo: the very mark 1 with uo ssarita, (svartet} or which has an indiertory of (fit) m the Dhitupitha, the tuummations of the Atminop rly ire employed, when the fruit of tho action accrues to =the agent Now —The word frarzet 13 n compound, meaning ‘fruit of the eetion’ Whin tho principal object, for the sake of which, the action os began, 1s mirdnt for tho agent indicated by tho verb, thero the atmanep iilais na t nfter verbs having anin hertory tor asvarity accent As uxt ‘he saerfices for Tams IE? va‘ he cooks for lumsclf? Here the verb ax and tq ure inarked. with sy ita accont in th* Diatup hs, and therefore they tsko the Atunaue- pda termmations . Sumiluly gga ‘he pressos the soma yee,’ gee the does’ Here the verbs axtand ya hive an in hertory . Tn all tho ybove ores, tho prineipal object of the action such as getting jiewsen by performance of snerifico, eiting of foot, de 19 meant for the ago Lastas te sty, ho si rific san orl r that he Jamself nny attun hheayo1, he coo.s in order that ho himself may eat, de aed Berenife aRem gr grees mretiagtfradtnrgra mafic weetteg emmy t 2159 After the rest, + ¢, aftor all those verks not falling under any one of the previous provisions, the termimitions of the Paras. nrupida are employed, m matking the ageit (¢ ¢,1m the aetive yorce} . Nore —The rules of Atmineprida have been dechred in the 66 sfitras 12 to 77 of tite third Chapter of the First Book of Ashtwdhviss The teemie nations of the Pirasmaipada, which are the general serbal termmitions, yyits come everywhere clse, that is te say, where its operation is not debarre dg 5 any gno of the above mentioned aphorisms Lhe present sutra declares this unter yglrylo Lhe word sesh or the peat, menns that wiuch 1s the residue after the applicayon of all the prev iouf iestrictive rales. eo . 6 MIDDHANTA EATMYDT [Volt UF Cg 1§ 2160 ays fasehifs Fife mammary ge bet) ° fae ewer wenonige meroeee 1 2160 The three tmad-,m both the cets, Parasmamadi and Atmanepada, of corjagational affixes (comprised under the general name tm} are calle, i order, Lowe-~t (3rd per-on), the Vbddle fra person), and the Ifighe t (Ist person} r ore —Of the 18 eonjagational afixe, alore given, 9 an Pare maprd: and 9 are Atmancpadr bach of the-e two clissts sabdrs ded. unto three sete, accord to person RQ) ataawaigewrgraavAsa 1y1e 1 was aeamaniienaiic Faron 's title aenke metetareaige ah | 2161 These three trind~, of conjugationa) aflixe , wich have recerycd the name of Lowest, Ac, are calle t (as regard the three es- pressions i cach trad) severally “the expre ~ion for one” (sm- gular), “She expression for tno” (dual}, and “ the expres ron for many " (plural) Nore Of the ax triads thas formed exch 13 divided according to namber into three clases, riz, cingular, dual, and plural * ayia tgrreaa? enraifirach exfnaie ware 131 yr gent fag aremnrcantate gente eysert gra & we TTY 2162 When the pronoun yushmad, “thou” understood and also when tho same expre sed, 13 the attendant word in igicemunt with the verb, then theres the verbal termination called the Viddle (2nd perrou) e Nore —L}25 defines tho 2a1 per on of conjugibonal affixes As ee wefe thou wale tor wate gar vere or trey on two are coking, FY WT or Tee Fou cook ‘ ate mere qo madree® wae WRT RPE Okt © wee qracd mg nareatieraghoya wha wea tarrefcer? ae woken ear Qaptermrene eet 2163 When johors amphol with referonco to an action, the verb Genoting 1 18 usel in tle 2nd person, provided thrt the word mr iya *to think’ a8 tho aftendynt word (yprpad) of such verb, aad vf tho* 7. ,* = Vol IT Gry 1 § 2187 J eM PIeNenT TENGE 7 ° tN ee . verb shanya itself, the affix must be of the tat person anid gngul ir nutabier e ° Ra | WENT 1 Zane 1 YO9t nargascaead ETE 2164 When tho pronoun asmid 5," undarstood, and also when expressed, 15 the attend mt word im agreement with the serh, then there is the verbal ternunation called Highest or the Isat person Nov Lhisigeloar As sré werfe T cook,” or merch teria, ara wert or merely wart ARE HW TTT Tie get _ Perinat em eT wearer? ag Prvorar 3 Fr wa Fo 2165. Inthe other cases, namely, where, “ thou "or “¥" aro not the attond int words in agreement with the verb, thereis the verbal termination evled the lowest (01 drd person) . Norr —As Taft he cooks, Tet thoy twocooh wafra they cook Now wo take up the conjugation of the verb ¥ ‘ to Le ” when the agent 13 meant, 3 ¢, m the Active Voice | Thus y4-fra a . Now apply the followmg rules — avd. frefresrtargar gr et Ut fee fray oreafemtreat werent ey 1 2160 All personal endings (III 4 78,5 215%) and all affixes with an indicator) ‘as are culled ‘sirvaidbituba * Norr ~-Of course, tlis apples to the affixes which have been already treated before, namely, the affixes which relite to verbal roots and not to Taddhuta affixes, &e Thus, eafafe, OFefa, wae, teers 1 fre and anitty, aro exceptions f ato tate ac igrgetel ° GRE ertargk We war xeerg owed! . 2167 = The affix op ‘ Tcomes after aroot, when a srhanga follows e signifying the agent . Note In nective roseo, wy 1s employed im the conyugational tenses This affix, ‘which 1s techmeally enlled a firsve gomes after roots of tho y class and after compound Toots formed by wx dea(III ft 52) The mdicatory = makes* 8 SIDDUANTS KALMETE [Sol If Gy T$ 2163 * at verre affix by LIE 4 113 6 2166 te gindic ites thit the vowel bis agultéta recent (II 1 4 S$ 8700) As ytagtfeg the tomy aie im dicatory the ical afh's 7 age | ardarganiurgnar 191 Rite! aa winferanpe we cay brava tera tert 4 2168 Tho Guna is substituted for the fin aR (ze, z, =) vowel of a stem before the affixes eled survadhitul and aidhi dhituka (IIT 4 118, 8 2166, & ) Non —Thus ¥+far=a+wa+ feqayte+ hatter Su larly Yee war un The word we 16 read in the sutra frord 13S 8h 7 In forimmg the 8rd Pers P! 4+Fe tho following rue apples — aad p RISA LOTR ERT os renege wermatdn erage Saar ga? (ve) raRa yeh nr areas” 2169 wear is substituted for the x of on affix ore, Therefore yh Peay tetacy tae tetacwaiia u Similarly war way, waa In forming the Ist Pers Sng ytegtiyqevt+st+ieowetation Here the following rule +pphes — Quo a war at aH 191g 1 ORT swittspes GS eorerart retary @ we erie (were pare te wafer Br aera Rwalaica wale ger wae 1 ga wad tose warfit | arear wata tae ara t atest Bran freae aft ye UrsfaPehe 1 eatta er wed Sree Brea ire wea frye reat reat rare wea pwr i grated 1 geanegee? (ets) wraregaaz aie eg waremae Shet trad Tefe ge @rfatarhe 1 met fq wartaas ar xa ehe ware Bigs Gres xfe ape BrstatePatceahy | 2170 The long at 18 substituted for the final stofa Tense stem, bofore 1 Sirs idb tel + vix beginning with gy ory (lit + consonant of meq pratyahira ) Nors —T] us wa+fe=warfe un Similarly wats and ware a . ‘Thus the whole conjugation 15 — ‘ wg Prosent Tense « Siagular Dual Ph ral Ist Perso i og wort waret ware wt wark Thecomo ‘¢ We two become We Yyecomoi VOW LR UN 1 yp adde J ee RE ee 2 ¢ ee en Quid Poryon wonsafy " * 0 gat wre ya saa . ‘Thou Leconust You ts o becomo Yon become Brd Person. arate at wan e Rerairr He becomes They two become They become Wo have already mentioned in witraT $ 106, 5 2169, that in johe, the Ast Person may bo usod with tho forco of 2nd Person Thus efe eee sitet steer’, Yn aTistafahis “Como here, thon thinkest “I shall take food”, byt it eaten already by tho guest” Hero we “I think”? means w= # “thou thinkest® and Wtav@ tho shalt ext” 13 equal to “sitet? T shall eat Sunilarly en the other examples given above In tho above sftra I 4 106, § 216%, tho phraso gente, &c ,13 understood from the provious stra ‘Lherefore, when tho verb :s not in the 2nd person, this construction 13 not allowed, even though joke be meant As wy Wary wat starz rat de “Como respocted Sir! (jocularly), your honor thinks “TI shall eat neo?” de Why do wo say “in yoko”? Tho propor person shonld be used, when sim- plo nssortion 13 intended Thus vig wad ster ited afr ga asfatate “Como, thou thinkest “I shall eat rica but at has becn oaten by the guost ” Nore —Tius corresponds with the Direct and Indirect narration of tha English Grummar Sanskrit does not admit of Indirect narration, except in the above oxamples Now we take up tho firg! Thus y+-firg « The fores of fg 1s to denote the Past timo, as shown in the following RROD LUT Fa NER RN wreraeraterigaatatg eae eter fares 2171 The aihx faz comes after a verb, in the sense of tho past, hafora tha commaneenant oi Uke current tay, unl wepercerve’ ‘by the narrator Nota —Tho word qa ‘anpereeived’ qualifies the words ya‘ past’ and ‘SATA ‘non current day’? understocd in this aphorism ‘Tins faz 35 replaced by fea de Aro these affixes Sarvadhituka or An. . dhadhitukn By the general general ralo TIT 4 118, 8 2166, th Sarvadhatuka, but for the following sftra , ® Shey would have us Mm AE TALE Lt . , Ferktfeerdngeey ex cag g atingyit tia qararasi . © of . 10 srpoTtANTA KAuMUDI. [Vol T.'Cn I $§ 2172, . a c er er 2172, The personal endings of tlle Perfect ara also called “ardha- dhatuka,’ + « Nore :—Tho substitutes of fg got‘tho designation of Ardhndhituke, snd not that of Sirvadhitaka Therefore, they do not take tho viharana or the Mode-affix wz Le, Purthor on, oven tho fay &c aro replaced by the follow- ing: « é€ - auog t TCG TaE URQYETAYTOSTAT AL eT © + Recent seared wwerett were, 1? Ca? fe Fert - + 2178, Inthe room of the Parasmaipada affixes, the fdllowing aro substituted in the Perfect Tense :-— Srd Pers. 2nd Pors. Ist Pers, Sing. nal (3) tha} (3) pal (3) Dual. ats (mg } nthas (9g) va (a). Plaral, us (#) a (3) ma (*) Nore :—Tho indicatory q in we and wy is for the sake of accont (VI. 1. 103, 5. £076). The indicatory w is for the sake of causing wf (VII. 2. 25, §. 6065). Thus cure, Fey, Fy, Wes or ququ, tay: Be, Tere or Tre, BAT afer For the nine substitutes firy &c. of fee thore aro wa dc, instead. Thus Ate =V+ a > Then applies the following rule :— aged igatgrefer: gree cok aftr grrre wara og Frere 1 Preverrgaageet ere? 2174, yw gets the augment’ q (aa) before the tense-aflixes of tho Aorist and the Perfect, when beginning with a vowel. Nore -—This being a nitye rule, supersedes or debars the Guna ordained, by srdwrgarfargedt (VIL 3. 84, S. 2168) and Vridahi ordained by witfieakt (VII. 2. 115, §. 254) That is to say, the mdicatory w of #q doos not enuse Vndan before 3 takes place. Thus e+e Be Now apply the following rules. “ any twantr @ wemer gage? 2175. Inthe room of tho frst Portion, containing aringle vowel, thero are tio, S . .¢ © “ © © . It SIDDUANTA KADUUCDT, {Vol Il. Cr I §! 2183. fe Thus y—wga, weg, TY with TE, and oe, wafedrart, safedie’, With gz of VI. 4, 68. In the case of y, when ye is added, there 1s not the addition of wre, and in the caso of erg, when gg is added, thero is nob ween Tho st in sng has the force of Lumt inclusive, so that, the asiddha rule apphes to the siitras governed by wrt For fuller explanation of this anportant sutra, seo jay Ashtadhyfiy i, Now we take up, 2nd Per Sing, wxx+¥"qu Here applies the following siitra. ages | amfurgaetgaan®: 19t Qi ays . remrterergaetarn corg | gfe Hare. aqme ae eine agin o 2184. An irdhadhituke affix (III, 4. 114 &c) beginning with a consonant (except a), gets the augment La (in these rules). Thus tye -peawyg +b eewyint u So also wary , wee, aya, faz Perfect. I 8rd Person, 2nd Person. Ist Person. Sung. wy wart = Dnal wrag wyNy. wafer +Plural wg: il wafer * Now wo toke up the conjugation of yin gz First Future. The force of is given m the next sGtra. . ‘Thus ¥4 3e, agg barat GTZ IRL ARI * afeoreereratst singe ware 2765. Tho oifx - Dur’ comes affor a verbal root, in the sense of what will happen, but not in tho course of the current day. aye) eammdt wager aga) eg? wRerge geri tort ered eat mewdr wr aay rere weTerreTe +9186, When e and oR follow, then eq and mfy aro respectively: ud Modo affixes of a verbal root. «Nore sq is the common expression for gE and ye formed by rejecting, thoir special ennbanchae, and means therefore the 2ud Futnro and the Lon- ditional tenses, eis the let Future wo enlled the Periphratic Pature, rhos wfeote wateerq, anh Thor ‘bg enfa is indieatory and hobs shat thoa f Vol It Cr T§ 289) weiner Foner 16 ee uisal gf the root 1s not to bo drdpred before this, a3 “7 ‘to think’ wm ‘ho will thank ? ‘This debars tho Mode affixes wy Ac ° Thus y-+mfr+t fre w Tho ¢ of wfz as andicatory The mode affix is arg > Ss REO Bega Beate es Fore Prgvttertt wreafiratrwn eae ware ETE I KE 2187 Tho remanderz ¢, tho affixes othor than ‘tm’, and ._ those with an indicatory ‘1? subjoimed to a verbal root, are called ms ardhadhituha,’ Nore --Tho Mode affixes et and tft are therefore frdhadhatuks, and 80 got the augment xqu Thus y+ee+ ens y fren Then farther tho conja- gatronal affixes fry wg fi aro roplaced by 1, @, vy, according to the follow- mg sitra — ANC IAs Waweq erticg WRITE rar Re? Cog? aR arene Firereneetewenrfy Babe va 2188 ar, tt and oe First Cuture drd Porson 2ad Porson Ist Pereon The lesson will bo - Sigg dar war wvear given (to morro) wife ufone Dul wort afraree feats Plural afaare wioare state —_—ene ~ Nov wotako up the conjugation in ge The S cond J ature arqire ART gt RT aR afrargeigarg': catcmaetar fieararreeer weet Tet te Cafe fires 1 wate virata cater vefeore wirenie irate bt krene 2193) Pho fF. ‘La 7 1s employ ed after a verb, m the remam- mg crises where futurity pre and simple 1s mdieited, and alo whors there 15 10 construction with it mother verb, expresy or un derstood, denoting 1 rhon perfexmed for the sike of the futme action Nore —Tlus 1s whnt 1s well known as tho Secon] Future \q qfcenPr eh waft Jo goes thatI will do qfcenfr xfa wafa he gocs that J will take’ Soalo afeafa he willdo ctfeerfe heviltake ‘Thusthe Second I ature a used both in dependent sentences 25 well as to denote sunple I utwie Thus ypegteatiaaiacia ag Second Future Sid Person 2nd Person ct Percon Singular wfasafe Wall become sfacatr afirerta Dail waco ” wfvera wharcsa Phual afasaia , wisere alatys ° . Now wo take up the conjugation of the Sith Lvkars wiz ‘ Impcratiyee ares Greer grays * . Fronfesatig wreraig eres - 2194 The iffix ‘Lot’ also is employed after § 100t m the cen'o of cOmpoinding, &e . o ° 3c & - . Nore :—The hnperative Mood is employ Sd also under the cireumétances * mgntioned in the aphorisin HES. 161, Phe division of thts aphorism froin that "43 for the sake of subsfquont sfitras i in which the anuvritt: of ‘tte only rans and uot those of others, “Thus (1) we atag sary witg ‘make the mat’; avd ware sTAEZy I (2) and (8) ga ward streary ‘there 3ou are mrited to, or you maz, sit,’ (4) gxmrary sreareag ‘jou will teach, I hope, the son,’ é (5) fa Wt grat wa wk ‘Sir what shall I Jearn, the Veda or the *Logie’t (8) water 8 ardetsnacy aead ardtece’ ‘this is my prayer that I may leain the Giammar, or that I may learn the Prosody,’ «Rg Poe Fagaret rg tt eat 2195. ‘The affixes ‘Lin? and ‘Lo? come after a verb by which “benediction ’ is intended. * Norr --The word ssritg means the wish to obtain an object which one de- sires, 4 bigs, an expression ef uno’s good wishes, Tho fx here referred to ig what is hnowa ay the mrairfty or the Benedietive tense. Its conjugation 14 Gifferant fron the coryagition ot the ordinary Tag which wo have called the Potential or Optative ; as Fetaherry ware or firteitsg ware Smny ‘you hve Tong’t Why do west ‘when denoting benediction? Observe fat wtafe Baer “Devadatta hves long.” . Thus 4 pa fag a+ fe Tfero apphes the following sftrn. MCE TEP RyEreya Bre yerera TOTEM Ty 2100, In the Tnperative, &u” is substituted for i” Nore :—-Thus Fe becomes 9, safer becomes Ig Norr.— Prohibition must be stated im the ence of affixes fe and fx of rites + Tn the ere of these two allixes, the ys not changid ito , ether berate tic} have been so taught in the sdtras, or because the stot antra HI 83 “is understood here afeo and inakes this rafe an optional ralo of hinited neope satin efitra IML. $85, y (erafewn firmer}. ‘Thus wry, 177 Vote a e An fact, thes sutra Fs ccufined to fe and Fe only, and doey not arntyse fe . te wkd the sexe eGten apphes, i .Vor TL Cit E $2107 5 Petrie to > * There fore se Prewrry es > ‘The ded Pers Singulse optionally assum the Dreyer by thet fh ues rule VM agte | qeremma irae aorgiay canfake gatermrea erg i aneeremlin centr fre’ erences morparieiereticg afomd ofr prefsatnivrarnercoteat nara rasa? |r sre gw wher work 1 xirembrargineis PREATT TR 2197. mg ix option ly substituted for the affixes q ond fy of the Imperative, when benediction 13 me int The substinte wma_ennts of morc than ore Fetter and th rel re rey taces the whole of qand fe aud not onls there Gnal ter ca This ete oie E19 & W Bat here an objetor svg “the eabstitate Tere has amar heat oy oe Yana therefore by the sutrs D1 StS bs wtowlrepty rah th dry though at consists of more than one letter yustoas th oat tate seat, (VI 325) replaces only the final of erg and frg or pret as thee ban ts sry replies the finial of rootsenly Po orthe sua fry Pot Vy asnaapa- Vida or Cxesphon in anbapatou to atertirg meer il 75)" a othe wereply “Trae, but the sstra fea bob FH la ate iete © allixes hes srg, arg Ae where Go haany hoe fire ora tat ew peer Batin thy easy of wre the imdimtary oft tee pom pr aks gw and vuln (IL) S),and meTcting wat aon SE Eig de % Sethe sufral 2 Stappheath moonls stor thor boty ge tase other purpose In the ev ¢ of aay aceme tt oa, pts wate extaite Lier, Int that little as abo wt vale bs the sls pe teary akertma d= 1b lor m the ewe of ante the gewral cu weser TV the exe ttenal rulo Feg I 2 35 are of equal force, and ther f. ythe 1 wer fanfs? cumedy will apply, and the subsequent sutras D1 85 will any reece Fray 3 ‘Therefore mrg rept ices the whole affix Z ‘Thus wang “ May he be pro perous” Norr The affix wry bung asabstitute of Fars bhe fe ard ab erofare, rules propounded with regard to fe, will apply toms ato Tha vi § m says that alter stema ending im short , the fers ehidid theref re, nfte~ 9 ue b words wag should also be chdid = Thercfor, we eamnct et thf rm toy, oxy for Weareg a This objeutim, howeser, is futile, for, ithe sem were a + 102), there 1a the annvritt. of fe fron sates VEE Ob tg eee REE we thaffwar & should be construed a meaning “th co rsthe el omef fre d rot ° 2 when tt 3s 8£ the form f&, and not whey ik assumes Ue fora ara 7a20 sIODMANTA KADNUDL (Vlo 0 Cn 1 $2197 £ eC ee . ‘The object of in araE 1s, 18 wo have sud abors, for tho sake of phovent- wg Gunvand Vridtit It should not bo sud that the object of ¢ th arar 1s for the snko of sareqtafir by the ~pphertion of sutra feq (I 1 59), just as 1 * the substitutes wag Le Vi 1 9%an1 99 apply to the finds Tor by soft domg, attz woal l replica only the ¥ of q and the x of fz, whichis not do- sivel And tho case of ara@zis ta bo distingaishod from are, for im ag the € has no other obj> * bit to provent gars dese, but an arag swe see that’E has viothor ohysut, nan 1s, tho prevention of Gama aid Viiddti and x having thns found seapa, ths arrg snbstitate will be governed by the gener! rule uitera fag aaica (I 1 55) auc Ser agai aigiat . Bret ve ex wed wry Ra arerga ware aT fet a 2193 The personal endmgs of the Impetative are as those of the Imperfect ‘Th 1s an wets sutra, asm the wg there wre the affixes are, m7, #, Tand = so also im the te weary Gary ges, Tag, TeTe | Q — eitzis lke as why havo wo not the augment wz, 1g, or the sub stitution of gg for fx (see IMT 4 111) an the case of etz also? A Tho ar of sutra UI 4 83 1s understaod m this sntrs also, so that the anwlogy between are and @E 18 + limted anvtogy and does not make all the rulea whieh ave applicable to oy equally applicable to ate also Norr —Ihe Imperative bemg treated 1s the Imperfect we hove the fol lowing substitutions agdé iv aeaeafinat eremara’ tg 8 1 0 8 Feaqyaty were. warey 1 2199 The affixes ‘tim’, ‘tam’, ‘tv and ‘Am’ ue the substitutes of tks down eres tor, thas’ the’ end Saas” seqnastvels, af cay ‘J4? which his an mdicatory § s+ Norr +-Thus B09ary, STETy, TeEa, TIA, STAT MATE, ISTH, VAT © s001 fred few parercey CP Serererea Faegenee Bera Bre erg Catesgeaea,! xfie aey Gree wemeg 1 ony 42200, There 15 always chsion of the ‘s’ of the first person of the affixes that como in the room of thet dy’ which has an indict tz “ . tory °* 6 “,. . . a Vol IT Cw I § 2204] g Y birrr ative 21 ‘ na, Thos bug-paqewe panama, haa +feor whee waepeg away wtor tly Now apphes the following — a s anon) BaFrtay gre ated Bre BE wantrstres 5 . x 2251 Inthe Imperative, *f¥o19 substituted for « Fy», and ihis-hes not the ndicitory ‘qrofé faq s4¢ , ib 1s acutely accented Thus wa-- fanaa + fe S ROQUMAT A Ces goer we Teer ReTeaTE | Wa RAY | TEE TAT 2202 The Imperative affix fz 13 ehdad after a stem ending in short at 0 Therefore wa+-fe =e, or WaT, Wee SNe aySWaIT we-pus wae wa Here applies tho following — , moni asi ghey ccs Bret art carga 2203 In the Imperative, ‘ni’ 13 substituted for the affix ‘mr’, Norr —This supersedes the rale relating to the change of qinto w, and the rule of lopa, . Thorefore 13 +-fa=wa fh . Horo appt es tiie following — woe urgane fry R re teat @rgerer ere wren Frew 1 FeRr eed Totem yt aenPe CATT waa | 220% In tho Imporatrvo ‘1’ 18 the augment, of the rflixes of tho, first porson and the terymm-tion 1s 15 xf 3 had an indieatory * gq, .° Nor —Thisis clewe Thus in the Parasurupreda, we have wri, wre saryt Thus wena, eure, WeATH , BTATAE | a Lhus was¢ at -Farowatia yp So also samt and waren 2f e « e 20 sippy intt KAUMEDE [Vlo If Cn T $2197 * : The object of Ein arawg 33, 18 we have sud above, for tho “the of ptovent- ag Gonivand Vriln [t should not be sad that the object af e ih rae as fo- the sthe of srentafr by the appheation of sutra fey (I 1 55), ust ns the sibant ites arg du (VIL1 9% and 94) apply to the Boas Jor by sofag doing, was would rophye> only the ¥ POF yand the x of fe which 4s mot de- sirad And the o1s9 of wravas to be distingaished from sre, for im arg the f has no ot) roby ~ bit to prevent sare adesa, batan sere wo see thit"s hig anther objte nan i, the prossition of Gana aid Veiddlu and ¢ having thns found seops, the arte sabstitato will be governed by the gentral mule wie Fag ctea (I 1 05) age 1 Mer wea Alero Brer e ya ad erg Ra ararga warag i aa He 4 2192 Phe persovl endings of the Imperative are as those of tho Imperfect This as an ofa sutra, agin the wy thore are tho affixes aTy, 7a, w, Tand %, $0 1s) im the ere Tear TET Te, Tae TT Q —If ates bho we, why ho wo not tho augment sg, STE o” the subs atit ition of qa for fis (se EL 4 111) in the erse of etg also ? A Tho eof sutre JEL £ 88 1s understood in this sutra also, so that the anion hetncen Ate ant res a lintel aniogy and doxs not make al the ruloa which are apphrable to wE cquilly apphcable to eg alsa Sore The Tnperativo being treated ns the Imporfcet we have tho fol- lowing anhsttabions add t receataar mente PEROT forrprit rire aeneer 6 2199) Tae affixes tim’, ‘tam’, ‘ta’ ind ‘Am’ are the substifates of the for adiees fas, tas), thy and “mp? reapectivcly, of any Wis Inch has an andacutory 63 Dove Ths SOO ST LITRE, TeTy ate Reape Ware, “eT | © sac0 1 Frew Fer Ce aeea “Sanemees Cygnet Ferd Stra sary caPrayeses? efi ome Pre peat) ry L209 Then absayach son of the ss! of the fist person of eatic s that ePueis the noun of that la wlach lay am angies’ ’ . ‘ ‘ Vol It Ca 1 § 23 7} ¥ cotesrer oT « . oe ‘Lhue rey . ' we_ Imperfect 8rd Person dnd Parson * Est Person Singalar srry ‘He becwmo’ aia mer Duil sorrary waaay smart Plural aay, wea aucTH . —om Now we take up the re, Potcntril or fair fire soe | fefafrenrarcranige men ag fore gears . Reng arg aety at fre eae fabs Bory, wentitgers erty fw fatrrncaq, wrerceR argteearss Efe sete apres eoregM Mahe Weare eR ona 1 Geran fag? wets gee gah gegen agri t » 2208. ‘Tho affix ‘Lin’ comes after a ycrb, when the agent either comminds, invites, permits, politely expresses a wish, asks ques- tions, or prays fne word Fahy means ‘commanding or directing a subordinate such 19.3 servant, de’, farera mins ‘giving invitation such aginsiting a daiziiter s son in Sriddha feast, de, wemeret meons ‘expressing perms ron to do 4 one Tikes’, Ag means ‘to politely express a wish, werew meine a question’, and aria means ¢9 prover? The sutra would have bern better worded had Pinim cud sertarn Fre, instead of using the above four words which express difiirent a pects of pri vartany or prompting one to rct The employment of these four words scpar- ately in the satr is nerely an amphficauon Thus + pPag tents otr —This excludes all uther tense vhxes Thus — Q) ae gate Set im make the mat’ ory ware arty ‘you come to the village’, (2 and 8) xx wary apjta (you snill or may dine here’, we serg aHite *here you wall or may (6) wate Rounder erace enitits ‘this is my praver that I sheatd lea-n ® Deamemne’? «€ , . 22 SIDDEANTS KATIE [Vel IT Cu I$ 2204 e Nor —In the ex oof x tho fo m could have beer cvolved witho itéare by the g> er rule wa4famwarts (warera? ay VIE 3 101 S 2170) 0 But che prop ¢ fom could nol have be u evolved im the cree of stems endmg an & as wewhich forms wtf dc ae Imperrine B-d Person aud Person Ast Per on Singular wag or Waata we or WaaTy uatfa oo * Dual waa went wart “ Plural way war ware —o— Now we tthe up we,‘ Imperfect ” * RQOY CTA TE VEU RUT! AMATO Ta ay Tara 1 2205 The affix wz comes rfter o verbil 1004 employed in the aeng* of past bsfors the con noncement of the emrent dry * Nore —Tao word wtaarisa Brhiveth: conpoim] maining that winch haa not of areal during the coarse of the carrent day (a fyutany) Thos ¥+43 =¥t00+h spot t BRAT TEAgUA (S11 9zt wy Wears wed Gara 1 2200 wg rcutely accented 1s the augment of the verbil stem im tha Aoust, Imperfect and the Con hhonal Nore —Lous sardig werehy zeerg, wary ail wachag a yherg u Thus wy piri feesa} fa Ure apples the following 2209 1 AAT DRI B I Reo) Feat eer weekogiaarere weed Gra etrg) seaq ye erary | sera | ene ney Sores bse spr aaa « 207 And there 15 clision of the 4’ of that Parasmupyda fits inkich ds tho substitute of 4 dat having an méhertory «n’ + Not —Lius for fwe lave q for fa we have be The tof (tmane- pada rs bowaser, ngt ely led because #1 0 onay pith of Parasmay obs is under sol hen feom entra HE £ 97 Uhus wea fee and ° . a ‘ res aE wendy, but wanna nm ? ) . ©. a . . Vol IL Ci T$ 22074 ¥ ronstiat. : at « : — ‘Lihue carey ws . we, Imperfect . Brd Porson 2nd Person Jat Person Singular ung Ho became’ = aa way Dat NTA y ayatt sort Plural waa, waved aaa . Oe Now wo take up the fre Potential or fafa fas - . © ’ aoe | fata freermrrpenigincamreaay fore aaa ett Wenig artg anig afr engi fahr Rory, wert ieee omen Fane Fatiaqeay, waa nigh’ Blea’ wey ore Keer abe qrarc: wai caer e radaral fire’ wet greg | wyeh yagererd regret t 2208. ‘Lhoaffus tLin’ comes after a verb, wheu the agent eather commands, invites, permits, politely oxpressca a wish, ashs ques- tions, or pi 1ys. ‘Lhe word faft means ‘commanding or dicceting + subordinate such 296 servant, dc’, frre mens ‘yrang imitation? such as inviting 1 d@ighter’s son in Sriddha feast, &c, sTaexa means ‘cxpressing permisaon to dons one likes’, 24g meins ‘to poktely express a wish', Weart meana ‘a question’, and mrtat means fa prayer? . The sitry wonld have been better worded had Pamm ead sextant frg, instead of using the above fur words which eaprss diferent vapects of pre vart ny or prompting ono to xct ~The employment of these four words e par- utcly an the sutra is mercly an amphikeation Thus y+ Prray+fraate orn —Tlis exelndes all othor tense-afixcs Thus — (1) we gate ‘Jet ium inako the mat’, gry waa, arms ‘you como to tho village’, (2 and 8} xg wang apyte Syou wll or may dine here’, wy way arate ‘hero you will or may sit’, . () wreath waa arrag woargiia ‘we wish that you should cov descend te amtiate this boy 4, oe (5) Fr St ernerndrita oe avy ? ‘Sir, what shall J learn, the Gramenry ° or tho Logie’? "e co (6) wafe % andar eraco witita ¢ His is my prayer "that I should learn * Grammer’ 7- ¢ ° . at SIDDHANTA KADEN {Vol I1 Cw I § 2908 ‘ J sob ange weap feet de 1 er! . tng weetagrar Brent eared Srqret Fear feeantatad (pfegreranisar- femnfata nfaea’ vie odecer are Foros fine) 2209, When the Parasmaipada atiixes of the Potential follow, then ‘yJsut’ acutely recented, 13 their wugment, and the termination 1s regarded as hiving an indrettory ‘0’ ° S « Thus debars gz, the vz of arge is indiestory , the real augment 1s ang All augmonts being nnaditta, the present satra, therefore, especiilly ees the word uditta, to show that this ingment 13 an exception to the general rae Thoush fax has an mdicatory |, and therefore by the rule I 1 56, its substi tutcs would also be regarded as having am indicatory , the repetition of the word fra im this sitra, shows the exustenco of the partbhisha “that the = be longing to ® does not influence its substitutes ,' a other words, the substantes of we, fax, gx and qe, are not to be regirded as haying an indiertory © (erat xrraferretan xref) Or at indicates that the prohilntion of sreafadr of sutra I 1 56 docs sometime apply to the Jeffers of 2m annbandha, in other words the operrtions required by a pirticular anubindha letter do not some times trke place, when the affix having that anubandhe letter 1s replaced by another which has it not This we further infer from the employment of the anubandhs min the substitute wre which replaces the faa affix xx (seo ET 1 83) The substitute could have been very well enuncitted as erg for repliemg a faq affix rat, 1b would hare been fig by virtue of min (2 1 56) ! In the Potente thee of agg 1s ehded by VII 2 79 So wo got the forias oats gttareand by applying TIT 4_108 and VI 1, 96, Sue Yor the Bene letis. Trg tho sitra IIT 4 116 $ 2216, apphes Pa Ny Thus 3-dre-+a cma he 5 Then apphes the following aa ge Rare gee were Farcanrcanreat ge eg | ger age tered Patt age wercearch gfefr farawerg | 2210+ The augment ‘sut’ is added to the affixes ‘ta’ and ‘tha’ when pitt of the afhxes of the Potential and Benedictrve * efho lottere wand ware the objects to which the augment gz 1s to be ajlded , provided that the w and a are tho utr] of the affixes emplnyed in Tet The augment yz 13 apphed to far as such , m other words, Freie thero—~., the sri, “but an the case of rere, 13 not the srmit, but {end a are the «Vol. IE Cit. § 22103 ‘J POTENTIAL Trvk. 23 Se wernt + ethe scopo of atgyand we being thus different, one docs not dotag the other. * In the stten, the worl fr is need; the v of fe rs merely for the ashe of promncintion, Thus w+ Sry4-aq Now applies the following — wary t fire: eatrtirsreram pai ied aniurgaieeroemrce ax are, eat efa vercgienia feyhe ge, wed en. BW afe eegené y mea? t 2211. In the sirvadhituka Lin (7. ¢. Potential), tho'w which is not final (i, ¢, the & of the augments 7r¢ and ory), 13 elided, What is tha which is not fat? The g of ths angmonts eryz, and ge (and yz) 1 ‘Thug both a's are olided, Tho Woof FE 14 heard in the Benedic- tivo ; and better still in tho Atmanepada, . Thos epue++T FWRUTAT A raetares * wee weer erduryaroreea far qeqed ey? eae gw a te oberg! \ xe Faq 0 featteriy vo wstivargemiy fe ate Sew er area | wafcrardy y worm: =m Sil 2212. After a Present stem ending in short %, Eris substituted for ‘tho sirvadhituka ar (i, ¢., the augment ¥r@ of tho Potential). Thos Yat Oy tant poy + Tere eta The w+e become guna * and the qa chided by VIL 1. 66, S879, Retr ffir) a Thas we have wing a Nore The objector way say, the form fasiteahy will bo so by the elision ot asunder VI. 4. 43, (at Are) aud so there 1s no necessity of revding tho annvrtti of sArvadbitaka an this sttra, for when ays eluled by were, VE. $43, in tho cave of Ardhadhatake or the present rule cannot apply, as thero 13 no base left which ends im "To this we reply, this is nota good reason for then in the caso of wee and eq also, the rulo war ea} af (VIT. 3, 101) would apply, and the w of w® would require to be iengthered. But that is not so, The fact 1s that the present sitra debars rule VIL 3 103, Therefore, as this wx substitute debars the lengthening of VEL. 3. 101, some * would debar the topa of VI. 4 49, Thorofore, if the anavyitti of airsadha, * tuka be nob read inte thes stra, the wz substitute would apply to drdhadhts tukaalso, and the lops-clision VI 4 48, would not help, "as that would bo superseded by this spectat rato Therefore the anavpits of “ sirvadbituka” should be foad into¢ins stra.26 sIDDHANTA KANO {Vol Il Cn f § 2212 ttt crn y Tex —Ihe above 1s stated on general grounds But af the nefim a srarer gate finite etarg Graces (Apiridas that are surrounded by the rules which teich operations that have to be supersoled by tho apwids eperations, stipersede only those rules that precede, not those thit follow them) be apph- ed hero, then tho present shiry would super ede only the preceding sttrv VI 4 48, and not the following gitra VEL 3 ft whick would not be supgrsadod by the present sitra fn this vow also, the lopy alone being superseded, and net the dirgha, there would have been lengthemng m wit Ce, hy the snbses quent sutra, hence the uuvett: of ‘Sucvadhataks ’ must be reid inte tis sites 0 alse 3rd Daal waarg 4 Then 3rd PL wateg fe anna Adar g rer gect Faye HQ wary CH cy . 2218 “In the Potontml and Benedictivo, ‘jus’ 1s the substitute of hy’, the ending of the first person pha Parasmupada Tus Cebws set (VH 1 3) The w 38 wx or mdicatory Thus y-fuepure pieonr try pigs aetaryse (ihe x being ehded by VIt 2.79 8 2211) Now tho sitra-war ta VII 2 80 § 2212, has been oxplamed by Eastern Grommanans thus “after a stem im, the y is replaced by yr” According to this interpretation, we get w4-ptsr (the q bemg ehded by VIE 2 79)+ wre ‘Lhen the following stra requires wr+s=u or wy 0 Y aaqy terrane 1d VEEL seeqrargeaigiy wt eeetarte care teh mi Lacearigererrsy ‘at ta? fea) sia arg tarreamegre riers eine aah ‘arg’ mela ww ovit oreny iw y qarqeqrwars Eu tae By” Gate) geue g eect Cae a Cate ae was waa waa 2214 Tor tho w or wr (not standing at the ond of a Pada or full word)+73 of 34 the Tense-aflix, the second vowel is tho single sub- « st tute “ . Nore —The rq is understood here ‘This debars the guna subshtution “Molghtin VI 870 Thas frertogsfing, feo pageheg ampere ag, (OY of oF) aerf-eeemg 0 All these are osamnples of Ferg, (Potent) and we (Imperfect) Thos Freg--orgey- Fe (the wae is added by Jil of 108)= Fugteutse (Fe replaced fe IH 4 108}— Farag weep ieg pie ~SETHO «* 4 . 2 Vol. TL Cu, 1 § 2214.) SM POTENTIAL Texts, a7 Vo) rr ga CL Tye (IL $10) erry —arg par pis par eng (VT f Wes a Tho wa is also the substitute of fe in frge (Perfect) see 111. §, 82, When the preeeding vowel is nots or tr, this rule doce act apply, ‘Thus the Sed per. pl of the Purfect of yw is :—age-+TE—wx 1 So nley from SB wo lnvo ui ry—aitierg Tho word waging ‘not beiug final in o ‘pada’ does strictly speaking, serve no good purpose in this site, For the afiz a can nover bo added to a Pada, it must always bo added ton stem, that hns not yct risen to tho rank of n Pada. Hf ws, however, bo taken as the syHable xa (whether an aflix or prrt of an affix or not), then the liaitation of watzparz bocomes valid, Thus wr+-ser= rey, e+ sierra ether w Most hke- “ly this word has been read here for the sake of the subsequent satra or becauty wa syllable is taken hero and not merely tho affix 7 8 For hers wm comes after tho wr, and therefore there should bo tho single subsiitute @ of tho form of the second and sa w&rte will find no scops hero, for thore is no 37 and the form would bozg: 0 ‘To this there aro bro replies, First according to [astern Grammarions who interprets warts ont “After a stem in =, tho wt of utg15 replaced by wr” In tins view, the @ being elided by VST. 2.70, wo have 4a--arpan, and hero tho sdtra warae must apply sirat and thon the prosont shtra, becwse VH. 2 80, is a aubreguent altra to the present in tho order of Pdnim; and becauao it 14.0 titya rule, hoes it will apply whether the combination required by VI_1. 96, has taken place or not. - Thns wo get wa4 tar-for=Nay Ww For if the Parwripa sandhi takes place first, thon +97 becomes Fz, and so there 13 nn oeccavon for the application of watz, for there is no et to be replaced, and go there is no ee and we pet wag The other view is, that the pararipa sandhi of tho present stra is antar- ang, becruse the operation ordained by xt 1s nside that of VI. 2. 80: and therefore it ought t2 apply Hest, Mat in the present erve, thore n no eceanan for its operation, because the whole ur 13 replacad by Ped according to our interpretation. Thus tho sitra warta. is an apavads to the rale requiring the clicion of & taught by the sitra VIL 2.79. Thus we get "44 eS +7", and herw there ig no * preceding s, and so the present siitra cannot apply. . ‘Tho word Bz. in the sdtra is formed by at4+"3; and wis exhibited withent® any case-tormination, Others say, the word 13% the sixth caso of &1 formed * on the analogy of fears, by the elicion of ot (VI. 4,150) Then spr ate 2, (YJIE 3, 19) after this elsion, there ordinarily wanld tke placo no rane hij ns this glision is considered nsiddha (WILL 2. 1) for the purpowes of VI. 1. 87. Contrary to ghis general rule, however, the sandhi takes place here and” 28 AIDDEANTA KACK ODL, [Vol 11. Cn 1 § 2215, a wo have ta by VI 1.87. Tho win ew 13 for the sake of pronunciatidé only, Tho real aubsiitute 1s WEu . Somo rend tho sitra as wt afer n So that the sthanf is wre and not =, and atfira isn genity.c compound Porestrar or fateteng, 8rd Person. Aad Person Ist Person Sungalar vty wet way Dil . wtare wry wt 4 Plural wag ven a . 0 ee Now we take up tho Benedietive 4 saga) fareriehe pare eggs oifefs Farferenbargses erg t 2215, When the sonse is that of Benedzeation, the substitutes of ‘lin’ are called ‘irdhadhituka’, 1. ¢, the personal endings of the Benedictive aro ¢ irdhadhituka ’. This dobars these affixes from being called siriadhidukd Bamg érihiae dhdtuka they take the augment x¢, and before these affixes the roat does not take tho Vibaranas my &c Thus from the root y ‘to cut’, wa hive an the caratide, atedre , and from the root q ‘to pany’, wfawte But in the Sfvhre {Potential}, we have the proper Vikaranas dc as gaara, yng gaye | fetta 1 gre 1 goed sufiafa Teast ange farrerrg eat — (axe) xfs wOrr 1 2216, Tho augment ‘yisut' comes aftor that ‘lin’ also winch denotes benedscatioa, and 1b 38 acutely accented, and as treated as if it hed an mndicatory ‘kh’. ‘Tho Fee of this stra rofors to tho porsonal affixes of tho Benediclive 12008 ara not to the angment weg, for that would hase been mnnecossaty, bemg aplroady Fea hy tho hst mle fre and firq are equal in protubiting guna and « ypidadtu, bub Feds distinguished from fxq inasmuch a3 fee causes tho gana of Sqy (VIL 8 85), and plso thore 1s dietinction betwoon them with regard te the Ghange of somi-vorel to vowel (VI 1 15and 16) Thus qecra, vert ° and syrata, weratetry and wraty 1 Jn the Potental, ery (no manpmdeina), ya the Denedictase, S31 T (socalisahiot) So also sryarg in tho Péteptiul q. . . * Vol IT Cn £§ 2216) . Y aontsr 29 * bean — Tits utuatan Then the gis olided by VIII 2 29 9 330 Thus wo get u-taan Whats tho force of making tho augment Fea? Tho noxt sitra answers this aay farsi tig eiat fatemteoteh ww yrant gaggle ert roe Pay | eT eareny ) sevens Wars yerer i wares | 2217, And that, which otherwise would have cased guna or vuddlu, does not do so, when tt has an indicatory Hors Thus thero 1s no guna of the w of yu So we have urfinftg Benedictive 8rd Person 2nd Person lat Person Singular ware Way he becomo ya wag Dual ware, ‘yaresy seer Plural wy ae warer Nore —The indicatory ¥ of the vorbal tenso affixes: e, ey fax, WE TE, 15 an oxcephon tothis rule of fey Thus 1s an inference deduced from MI 4 104 8 2216 which declares “when the senso 1s that of bonedtetion, then the aug- mont age of fre 18 as if xt wore distingmshed by an indicatory *” There would have heen no necessity of mikmg wyga far af firg were a frq but the very fact of makmg wyg o faq indicates by impheation or 1s wee that the final © of Fag, ae he. does nob make these tense affixes feq Thos im we or Im- perfect tense wo have sewer “ho collected ” (wfey pae= aleq wy = afear $y —efearq) REV TEL RURAL YON undef ving ont! 2218 The affix ye comes after a verb mn the.sense of past timo The gz forms what :3 known as sonst It 19 an fact the name of the norist, as the whole of this affix 1s replaced by other personal terminations See III 1 48 and subsequent sitras . “The aorst has reference to a past time mdefimtely or generally, withgut reference to any particular timo An action done before today is expressed. by the perfect or imperfect , whatever remains for the aorist 38, therefore, ta express 1 past action, dono very recently, sy, in the course of the current Ay or having reference to a present act Aortst, thereforesmercly implies the completjon of am netion at a past fume gengrally, and also an action done at 4 very recent time ~° . ‘ 30 srDDWANTA Kaguopty (Vol IT Ow 1 § 2218 . $s sage safe ge gg wy . staarawr tf 2219 The affix ‘Lun’ comes after a verb when the word ‘min’ is used in connection with it This sets astdo oll other tense sffixos As wrardty ‘let him not do’ ar wrdtg ‘tet him not take ” How have we thon the Imperative and the Fature tenses ia the following sentence mstead of the Aonst fwt wag aequTd at wieefer This sentence as agamst good usaga_ Or, wo may explam it by saying that there xs another , wr which has not tha im lostory ©, and with thet wr, other tenses may be used The augment 1s olided after tae prohibitive particle =, by VI 4 7 4 aa) BRO VRATUT HET URINE OTA (ne Strat wis TE EMeTE TI 2220 When the word ‘mii’? 15 followed by ‘sma’, tho affix ‘Lan’ as well as ‘Lun’ may be employed after a verbal root By w we introdaco ge into the aphorism = Thas sree xtrq or ardty Jeb hint not make’, wea Ty or erty ‘Jot him not take’. sang 1 Rev gfe rare iayt warersarz | 2291 When We follows, the affix Re is added to the verbal root It debars the Mode affixes wg and the rest wart frgrge greet wets 2222 Of Few, Fre, 18 the substitute "The & of Ferg is for tho soho of pronunciation, the was for accent, and the real affix 1s & (RAL mireTGT for acehaty gig oot wea fet yrerrg i rrerfrtertafrant G7 zt . 22223 © Thoro 1 luk-olrsion of tho affix fry in the Parasmuprda, after the yerbs TT fe to go, tat ‘to stand’, the verbs called gz rh 20), wt‘ to drink’ and ¥ ‘to bot . '(Vol, IL. Cr. y § 2223, “eet x AORIST. - 31 Rig $ tho substitute of wr ‘tog go “a. Bay and nob ar ‘to sing’ the form assumed by 8 nand “is that root which means ‘to drjnk’, and not a ‘to protect’, ew lyase rer |iece 6g? Ca? wath, craig fate o@ gir weg 2224. ato be’ and ¥ ‘to be born’ get no guna before an im- mediately following Personal ending which is Sirvadhituka, Tho ¥ refers to the Adad root (21) in which the Present character is dropp- ed, and does not refer to Diy Adi safa (24) or Tudad yafa (115) roots because in ' these two, the modo-aflixes tat and w inferrene between the fre and the root, and so the root is not immediately followed by the fae u Voeay aftaPetrsa 19 rat det ‘(fra ‘eg Of ermepg i fieener Ant wergq coeiierete wires: | wt wae art gat far trfectreta woergara ter. sare fi Re oe te fer gear (see eer. Foseg | Fafa oparen” afer fag 1 Ring | snag! 9225. A single consonantal sirvadhdtuka affix gets the ‘augment ty after 74, ‘to bo’ and after the Aorist character fe4 when the z of wt and fire are not elided. “phe fig plus sq have become n Samibira Drandva compound, declined in tho Ablative Singular, The w of few has not become & and then @ for fears is considered here as a Bha base by Sitra-heense. The words of this sitra require a little explanation. Tt consists of four words 1. stfex (an Indechnable meanmg “when present”) 2. fey, 8. wa, 4. wytu The fey+ax ‘has become frex a Samidhéra Dvandya compound meaning “ the Mode-aflix fg ani the root wg tobe”. In forming the come pound, the word fiw 1s not treated asa Pada, butas a Bha; and so thew 1 not changed to ¥ or Ti, ¢, the compound 1s not fag, as in amity nt This is a Sdtra license, The word safer is an Indeclimable meaning “when present”; ¢. ¢, when we, and fig are present as fg and wy without the elision of gu Then this afer is compounded with fawg ag a Karmadhdraya compound, and we have afr freq Then this compound takes the Ablative affix sz and eo wo have fea fexs.u But ths Ablative ending 18 elided as a Satea auomaly and wo have safeafewe Iterally meaning “ after eich and as, when exisding (as such)”. This, siitra however does not applys here, because fw is non-existent. Therefore we havg wyy, TyATy a. « . 32 StoDHANTA KAUSUDL [Vol f1 Cn 1 § 2225 a tO es As ardiq wet , werdiy, wertig it Why do we 1y consonantal 2 Observe arife Why do wo siy xaingle consonant affix? Observe 2Preand warty n Purt Prohibition of the sthoniad bhava must be stated whet wre is substituted for w (IIT 4 84), and y for wy (IT 4 52), beforo the auginent tet Thorefore not here + tex and gq ‘Lhe word wrea is thus formed myffngsargyeq (il 4 sawret+e (VIE 2 8o)=em+u (VE 4 55) Suey he Nors —Tins round about explanation of Bhattop Dikhslut is for the fol- lowing reason — According te Ancient Grimmanans tho word wfeafiry is a Samahara Dvandva of asf and sich, meaning “tho verb srw and the affix fre” o And the Ablative singular of avt: sich 1s asts stchas meanmg “after the verb as and the affix sich” But the compound asti sich will require the Snmasinta eg Z(V 4 106) and the word would bo aati stcha, a vowel ending pratipsdike ” TEat be said tht the Samasuata exis amilya then thera 19 tus difficulty that fexshould be placed first an formmg the compound, + ¢, we should have fasten besuso fire consists of fewer letters than wfer (mearaxcy IT 2 34) If it be said that this role is also enitya, because Panim himself violates 16 in the aftr ugerarg w (TY 4 118), where samudra ts placed first and not abhra, even then when wais changed to yim the example wyy ths sitra will apply, boeause Yrs considered as athamvat to wan And similarly in wang and weeny tho chided fry will be sthanvat and so there will be tz x To provont all these difficulties, Bhattop has given the above explanation The 8rd Per Plural as wy+- fee + fe = ory-+o-+ Fx Now constdermg the Ink chded zero ds athamvat to few the following sitra appears for application 7 aaad t FoorerennFeyecar tg he yoy t faerrecenigte wees Ferd fufowiy Aipy wary yeh wre 2226 (In those tenses which are marked with an indseatory ‘n’) ‘yus’ 13 the substitute of ‘jh’, when it comes after an Aorist in ‘sich’, or the Imperfect of a reduplicated verb, or the root ‘ vid" {to‘know) Tins would make wy-+iv=9g+ or . “Tut this dooa notespply, on acconnt of the following sOtra BROT EVEL OI cs ~ t Fosgate Sy st¢ Ente REN Ae | ot igVol YT Ca I$ 2228] * yg Aorist 83 2297 Whon fe 1s ohtdod, thon the f¥% 1s not changed to T% ox cept when the stem ends m long Wr It . The Present Sitra says that after vorbs in which firq has beon eluded, wa doos not replaco fig m the caso of any other verb than that wluok ends in Tong wT, 1619 thus a niyana rule src > This, by rulo Il 4 77,8 2223, fax 13 chded after tho vorb ¥ butas x does not ond im long si, ita 8rd person plural Aorst will not be in qxr Thus, wx741 Here, by tho Inst rule, wd on the maxim that ‘though faq is shided, yot its force remain, (I 1 625 262) gx would have repliced fr, but the present stra prohibits that But where tho faqis not elided, thero, of course, y@ docs come Thus were , sug Thus we hive wa+fa agtafe (wie VIE I 38 2174)=ag-+-org (xe@lIl 4 1008 2207) =a pum (garg VE 4 83, 8 2109) pum (attend @ra VIII 2 23 § 54) —ayexu The 2nd Per Sing isug+fer+fr=agto+e=ay 4h 2nd Por Dnalis sy pfortoq=sy+o-uq—wy--aqosygag (In the samo manner war The First Pers smg 1s wa+foa+fra=ay-pop+eqeve+ oe tet= wrqu So also Sy4, TT A Singular Dual Plural Third Person srt Ty rr Second Person ay worq wan First Perso UROL war win ° The augment sof wyq &c, 1s sometimes not added, when it 13 m combi nation with the particle at, according to the followmg — . WRU ATATSS de en wert er var nae Ee LT eT Neg BEAT 2228 In connection with the prohibitive puitiole a, the aug- ment wgZ ol wre 1 not added in tho Aotist, Imperfect and the Cop- . ditional : Thns or Wary ym or wr eH wey or BH ~ Saalso wt wargerdig wwsre erdfg ated atrq ar erg, ar Fes, sraritfiney ot ge waraiya ov em werftem ng & .a4 SIDDUANTA KAUMUDIg [Vol II Cx 18 2229 Dow wo trho up the conjngation of yan Tzu The force of Gx 1s to flencto a‘condition antecedentmdded to Intuuity, 28 shown im the follon ings sitia 7 rane U Ray Raf ag Rafea a gig agin Cageger’s fe h? way wire’ ge cra aherd memory was wag b aafacrarqismivesg yo svaTawa oy ewferesaq s waleera) sprog 1 afer ara sairarst . 2229 Where there is a reason for affixing ‘Lin,’ the «fix ‘Lyin’ 13 employed in the Tutme tense, when the non completion of the action 18 to be understood Tne words ‘im denoting future time’ up understood here The reasons for affixing faz aro such 1s, cause wml effect Ac mentioned m s6tra TIL 3 '453.121.157 Qo Tho qz1s culol tho cond tio ral tenso © Ib comes in the } conditional soutences in which tho uon po formance of the act on 13 unphed , or whee tho falsity of the ante od at rimphel as amatter of fact Tt usally co responds to tho Diglsh plupsifect conditional, wd must, in Seask it be usvd in bo h tho “nteredent snd the consequent clanses* Thus Queer aoy tet yereesfeore uf there had ben good1am then thero would laye ben plenty of food, orsf there wore to be gool rain thon there would bo plonty of food It is amplied that there was not good rain, nor consequent plenty or that the occunenco of good 11m is dubious, oud tho dasrable cons~quence equally so So also hore, afeat Qratery wae wabafrory if he wero to go by the mght side, the carnage woul not be upset? afg wereat urerert a ne wabrfireny “af To wore to cnt! Kanahka (which he will not), the eirmage woul] net bo upset? , “were warg yee ote eqantey wrafnere ‘sou would «at foad with olirified butter, xf ) ou (were to) come to me (but yon wali not come)” ‘All theso senteneSs refer to future tine ‘Tho 10n upsetting 19 a°fitare contingency ind is ant olfuct, the cxesa of which 15 tho ‘edheg of Kamilaka’ 'fho op aker—hayving approjendol the cio ond effect and hating also Jorrned from other source 3 thet such an effcet will not tako place, that 1s te rap, that Kynalaky will not bo called, an? the ctrenige will be upsct—has wimplore this conditional tense to express Iisilia The whole sentence fe mirth resis pases this sense —~That both actions, “tho cating’ and ‘Us non upctitme’, which oro embyccts of n futuro time and which aro relat dons catse nnd offcat, nilinit bo complete] that neither hamalaka vill ke elod nor theampending fate averted fiom tle earnige Thortra rnay also bo thus tnd relaccordiigto Professor By! iting ke ata gh condi° Vol IT Cr Fé 2281} a Conpimidxat Bs ee ‘. tional ysontonce, winch would vequira a Potential uceording to {IT 3 166 the cduditional tensa 1s usod,if tho senso 1s that of Tutue tune, when tho action 1g not completo Pep at eit) . Thos ¥+3E=a+e+fig (IIT 1 33 § Sigo)= Me ted capa et weatasmiag i Singular Dual Plural Third" person sho mire enfeory Second person safe smerny seafeert Furst porson wakrory salar wefan Thus we have conjugated xin all tho # haras except the Vedic tz 0 ‘The author now gives some rules about the adding of Prepositions to the yeibs and the changes of meaning and conjagition which such aldition induces Tho first quostion 13 where are these prepoutions to be placed = In Enghsh they are gencially pliecd after the verb m tho Vodas thoy ate placed any where in the sentence, but Pinm restmets tho uso m Classical Sanskrit by the following — . aaQgore niet ngisicou a meqaarasar wat mPa ares t . . 2230 ‘The puticles called gat and uprsarga ara te ba employ od before the verbal root (thatis to say, they are prefixes ) The word 2 his been employed to inc ude t!o term wag? also The hot of propositions }.a3 alrealy > ov yen 1210 sutra saat Pear? (1 4 30.nd 60 S 22 and 2) Thus seat (Imp ratave Ist Pers Siig ) Hero apphes the following stra aa rie eu cie ren . sagientatemescta Grete eres ver erg ¢ meni? ge aeaeegite anieanfaatr giss * eg feale | glania a * sea qegeagiatuvelqasiies ae ! 1 sratt jsuratd coratarfa . 224) Tho # of wrfiz, the affix of the Imperative, Ist Person, 1s changed mto u, when it follows + letter competent to cause sich" a change, standing im Uprsargy .° ‘The word snfristhe Ist person mgular terminat onwf tho Impe ate , TING wenfe Sumilarly ernie « Let us eyltivate or sow ve ; . .. . 86 SIDDUANTA KavsteDt {Vol IF Cu Ig 223 a Note Why do wo sny ‘the Impershro’ 7 Observe aaaita wrnfrn Here ate ag the nouter plural termination, and the word mois wgrey rer tg aie a According to Pa tthanjan, the employ mont of tho word dig in the sutrv as redundint Toi wathontit also wife would havo me nt the Imperatne aflix, and not the Nenter termination, on the maxim of aay wet Ae Moreover im tho noua nani, wis notan uprsarga at all, on the masim wy Ramger areyer ni aegaat di war a . Ta t Tho Uprsorgn sexs nok to be trontod agen upasarg. shen ew or eT isto beeficcted That ss to sas, tho x of yy dors not cause the subsequent T or {to bechinged to Wand gy, respreinel) Thus g feats, evarhrn Ta t Be Indechnble word sez should bo trevted as an uprsaiga for the app heaton of (tj ae faa namely the viiuag of wg by MET S Sto S S285 sragrind as war--ur-page wre, (2) fefufa namely tho sppheaton of of by wrat Rr Fs (TIL 3 92 S 3270), as sagen pf saefd (8) wee fae as senterfe of 22321 SE Enrrpararaanrss2F uc een, RN 18 emt mized aemeaferud? a sveterigtraercs Weer er wry sinafa eforaia e qehentrermraereasiy whgar frears age ufePwa? Grea frcar argeetir 6 Feet em ered g ar frente? ul xia t omerafttadtearerg eames werftesrargeaat creaky i sromiert fence cio vai cectate ewahel eguaie atresia ogaft | four zon Favasraban? tor wouiter wreath aemypeqy yaa 1 ayrorereuercfuxreafigreay a ata Ot Ut viene wefan t 2282 In the‘remunmg verbs, ophonally the 4 of Fras repheed Jn wy, whon itis preceded by an uprsngy compotent to evnso tho chango, provided that, in the orginal enunciation, the verb has nob an anita # or a, nor ends with 34 . (Tho words ® and wamaiq are undertoo lin the stra ‘Tho word BY moins verbs othr thin those mentioned m VII 4 17 § 228) namely, other than reyeg fc Thas aterafe or afawaia, fohtate or nfatnate a “Why do wo sty aeart not begmmng with wore”? Obeers g nix wattle, nfwargit w Here there rs nochange ‘ .* Vol I Cu 1 $2232) trasaroac 37 . oe Wiy do we say ware “not efiding ins” ? Observe afeFraty a Why do wo say ae2% “in original enunciation” 2 So that the prolubition navy apply to forms hko atrrsre, afrwnrs, eiatesfr (VILE 2 41S 295) There ware dn, do not bogim with # ore nor doos fag end with y but with @(VHI 2 41) butin the Dhitupitha the vorb ye and wy begin with @ ant and Fry ends with q anil hence tho rule will notan ly 59 also an a %eRar and w¥r3erft fom tho root faau Hore though the verb no ven Is vith why VUI 2 35, $ 2904 yot in tho orginal enunciation or Dhitupatha, at onda with wa ys TT 5 An objector my say “whats the necessity of using the word oystran ily in the stra, whon the prosent sftraia governed by tho word afer (VI 3 1145 1085) So where thero 19 no samluty, there will be no Teachange , and as npwirgys aro not compounded with tho verb bofore which thoy aro placed, thero 1s no compulsory samluti” To this worcply “No Tho samhita 13 compulsory, even though tho upisargy may not be compounded with the root as hero” The folloning verse mentions this — ‘ erse vers « The Sunhitais compulsory (1) im a Pada (complete word), (2) in a dhati (verb) preceded by 2m uprwargy, and (3) m compounds (Sumas) Bat the Sambité 1s ophonal botween the words of a sentence 0: Tho root Y moans oat “to be’ in the Dhatupatha, and ew “to ineretso” deo Ail these meanings are morely illustrative For wo find in tho example arma ett wate “By sacmfico Heaven jis produced or attamed,” that tho root 4 haa the meaning of ‘to prodice’ So every root has many mean- ings ‘Cho upnsargas when added to 1 root, do net givoit a new meamng, but hmt the porticalar meanmg In other words, ont of many meanings that a root possesses, n particular meanmg 1s specified by the employment of a particular uprsarga Thus mati “ He conquers,” terrafy “ He dofeats”, erafa" It 15 posstble” waguaty ‘He experiences” afrrafer “Hers overpowered ” agwaty “It springs forth” wewafa “ He subdues * e° Therefore we hrvo the folloning serso By an upasarga the senso of thy root 18 forerbly modified such as the root ¥ “to lose”, in were means “a blo fs, wares “food ’, dere “destruction”, fatre “sport wheyre! fexBidance’ Here ends the conjugution of the Pay fnaipada roo! 0 .36 sippphyra EAvSUDI [Vol If Cu 1$ 2231 tt ote Why do we sny ‘ the Imperats 07 POUsers 0 saath eretfic en Hore ate ag the neuter plaril termimation, and tho word means ayer oer By atfet a According to PudPnangan, the employ mont of tho word eitg an the «utes 1s redundant Tor withontit also wife would havo moant the Imperctre affix, and uot the Nenter termimation, on the marm of aedy qa dc Moreover in the noun nantty, w19 notan apiwaigeat all, ou the macim my Grarger srgcet aie argeus dh rae a * Pet Pho Uoisirgs gts not to be trvited agan uprsirga, when eea or wa isto bo effected = Thetis to sts, the Sof gE dors not cause the sulseqneat © orytobechingolto windy, roapecteh ‘Phusg hae piaien Tart Tho Indechnrble word srg should be treated asan uprearge for the appheaton of (2) re Farr mimels the aficing of se by UE 3 100 8 3287 regret os eae tareseest, (2) felahe namely tho appheation of Fa by wowa @ fis (TIT 3 92 8 8270), as wag+m+famsafe (8) wer fay as wRniarfet u 3a 1 30 RerrgrersrseseT nr vec, aR arrest neaetoakeeat x semtenftrarerca Peroed er wre) sfisefs afiwsis 1 edtevtroreyner@afe ufo rear: aa afgPae® Freer face wreretar ¢ F ear sme aret que frre? 1 fat cwemifatagteased caorecant weniteanggesge cereaty | ovanteert faage etter (snafe (ororaie a aashet oteate ¢ atraake ¢ ogeate t oforatt vara? Parrenretans 1 ee eater wrath aerazan sta? t nercrgrewerctagreaftyreng wie wr eet Varuna oefeoyyertia t 2232 In the remainmg verbs, optionally the a of fir 1s repliced by w, whon 1t33 preceded by an upisirg? competent to cause tho change, provided that, s the orgimil enunention, the verb has not an until ® or a, nor ends with ¢ » . ‘ The words ¥ and semtg are understood in the sGitra = Tho word 23 means ‘corbs other thon those mentioned m VIII 4 17S 2280 namely, other than eae dc Thas afrwata or aPuafa, ofalafy or afiBrata oy hy do wo say waardt ‘not beginning with wor @’? Observe ate mats, afeareta a Hero there 1s no,chnge an . e* Vol IT Cu 1 $2202} vrasaroas ry . cee ere Wy do wo say sara not ending inv’ ? Obserse ufafanfea Why do wo sry S922 “in orginal enunemtion” ? So that the prolainten nay apply to forins hke alaware, afer, alatertr at 2 41 8 295) Horo ware &o, do not begin with wor et nor dea fee end with & bat bith a (VHI 2 41) but im the Dhdtupiths the verb ye and wz t gin wath wart wand fra ends with w and hence tho roo will nataprly §> also in aster and s@rierf fiom the root fama Here though ths verb nov on 1 with aby VII 2 36, 5 29g) yot in the origimal ennneiation or Dhitipagiy, tends with wa (yer ar Foe An objector my siy “whats the necosaty of using tho v ord apfonally in tho sitra, whon tho prosent efitrzis governed by tho worl dferrem (VI 3.1145 1035) So where there 1s no simhitt, there will be no erachinge, and as uprsirgas iro not compounted with tho verb befora which they aro placed, thero 1» no comp ilsory samliti” ‘To tins we reply “No ‘Tho samliti 19 conpulsory, even though tho upisarga may not be compounded with the root ts hero” ‘Lhe follonang vorse mentions this ~ ¥ terse . The Samluty is compulsory (1) in a Pada (complete word), (2) 1n a dhatn (verb) preceded by an uprsarga, and (3) in compounds (Saingasa) Byt the Samluta 1s optional between the words of a sentenco 0 The root ¥ means war “to be’ im the Dhatupitha, and x¥ “to incroaso” &c All these mewmngs are morcly ulustriti.e For we find in the example ararg et wale ‘By ssemfico Hewon yis produced or attuned?’ that tho root 4 has the meaning of ‘to produce’ So evory root has many mean- ings ‘The upasargas when rdded to + root, do not givo it 1 new metning, but lumt the particular meaning In other words, ont, of many moimgs that 9 root possesses, 1 particular meaning 1s specified by the employment of apartieular uprsirga Thus trvafi Ho conquers,” wertafa “ Ho defeats”, ewata“ It 13 possible * é sate “He expenences” wherrfr “ He is overpowered ” sgrafa “It springs forth” wewate “ Ho subdues ” ee Therefore we hrve the following vorso By an upasargs tho senso of the Foot 1s forezbly modified, such as tho root “to lose”, m ware means “a blows, maitre food’, dere “ dostrnetion ’, Frere “sport! whoere’ f avtudance! Herewndg the conjugation of the Pay *naipa ts root y@38 erppa ANTA EADMEDE (Vol IF Gn T§ 2233 . ATMANEPADA e Now wo tike up the conjugation of the root 4 “to mereasas” Tho thirty sis roots pogfining faith wa and onding with wa are Annd itteta That os, the final som TT &e has annditta accent and 1s indreatory oF && Pirst we conjugrto 1b in wg Present Tonse, Srd Pers sing Thus qa pte tt SEEMS TS Here apphes the following sfitrs aang 1 fe sremmcarar BE gre LET Fear qeorerart Veer TT THA ' 9933 The substitute qiephices the last vowel, with the conson- ant that follows it, of the ‘At nanepady’ substitutes of that ‘la! whieh has an andientory ‘& ‘hus ea PASRTETPUSTM n The 3rd Pers Dual as Va-P TAT . Xow apply tho followmg shtras — sage vara eatae wm TERY u cafecariurgs Fegeret! eis oA Sarva Thutela qt 4 113 S 2166) affix not having an andicatory TIS hhe feq ut The ofix wry 1S therefore Frq and consequently tho following sttre apphes aay v aredt Fem worgicgu at eqeee FEATATSTOSE RETTIG SBA T TATE go33 For the ar being 2 portion of asuvadhituks Per sonal ending Which 18 fea, Qe aT, grQ, “ATATE, and sam), commg after Verbal stem ending short at, there 1s substituted <7 0 Thos we paras ET ETE (art endte VI 2 68 8 873) eeurart eee t So also Ba"8 Uv The 2ad Pers Sing 13 B44 WT Now spplics the following stra — agg PaTERS WRT EE EO v Se Fea aa aot pera pees VENT THEE cog GR (HA) ET CaTAT | TATE t 223600 The rord ‘so’ 13 tho substitute of has’ in those tenses that have anindiettors ‘ZS ¢ 4 . ‘ .Vol II Cu 1 § 22303 | ne Thue wep Pay sty pay + tSTat w Gimily eka, wre a Tho let Per SMgis wegseite (IL 4 79% 2205)=0a(VE 1 97 S 191) be also ware’, TUray W Conjeg ition of FF ‘to increase’ in Te Prosent Tense ag UU PERFECT 80 Srd Person 2nd Person Ist Person Singur waa wee we Dual ata yaa watay Plural wre wee UTA o fine Perfect Tense « In fag we have wa+-% u Hero applies tho follommng of ago) GBT AeHAISTR AIT wyneal oraisareemeseacaa spent et SA earcea FeTR U aeRerafacat BTaUTaEry t 2237 The affix arqis used when fare follows, after a root begmn- ming with a vowel (except # or a1) and which has a hearty, vowol putnot after the root wee ‘to go” The of srg ts nob xq or indiettory This wo infer from ‘arg being taught with regwd to the roots ara_vid wra_in sates earqweaurerena fate (IIE 2 89S 2306) and waaay (IIL 1 87S 232£) If q were indicatory, then sta+ ssa atte sare, similarly srqtarg would have remaned wre, for the force of indicatory 415 to place the allix after the penultinste vowel So there would have boon no need of teaching wm, after wre, and ary, roots, as 1f can produce no change in them ‘Tho fact, that it1s 80 taught, leads to the conclusion (jz pak) that @ 18 not indiestory Thus we+e=Targ-+a u Now apples tho followmg satra RAC BT URE Let ° Sa Toe GIRTE | 22388 There 1s Juh-elision in the room of that tonso affix ( fr) which comes after ‘arg of the Perfect Thos way +e = ego Then the following sites appears . of RAS L RgTGTOSTY Pa ere teen . . Steenyfireerr Brainsargrart + fore waegtsgwamey (we) xf ea peMromnghguaniteren ifr wre 1 Ba eater (mit8) we me fate? 2‘ . 40 ARDDMANTA Kavgopu (vol Tf Ce I$ 2230 a en fee) af sts cengremrongenfizant 1 aar Pacmretereea Fercerrer pr paint | feaaarfecrrecdizctemra 1 wefce mearetomiatsoratemnieeng soph | gerey Bears vofehr vce’ 78 t 2239 = After a verb which ends with ary, the verb y ‘to do’ 1s annexed, when faq follows After the verbs formed by taking the augment rq, the perfect tense of v usadded to formther Perfect The wordy includes also the verbs ¥ and 38 ‘This wo infer from the next sitrs wr weaerg ([ 8 63 S 22 40} from tho fact that grootis specifically mentioned mit as xn anuprayoga or auwhary ver’ For the shtra I 3 63 1s confined to onuprayogs g rmplyzng thereby that there aro other anuprayoga verbs also which are not governed by that autra I 3 63 In fast, the word ea of the present shira is a Pratyahirs o1 a formnla formed with tho ¥ of tho antro peafeatry (V 4 50) and thowof tho altra gett faite (V 4 59), and thus, as a pratyahira yt means and imelu+ desy yandw¢also The roots ¥ y and s¥_donote actiowrigere af, wiule the bases in weg such wswaTy denote a pari:cular achon,and hence when tho anxhary Y Yor Wess combined withsarg ending base, tho two senses, namely the gonoral sense of the autilary and the particular sense of the wrt ending vorb, goalosco mto one and give one full indivisible sense §= Thus the syntac tical connection 18 indissoluble or abheda anvaja Thorefore, though the reat weve 13 melded im the Pratyah4ra we (for that pratyahira ertonds orcr aght shtrasV 4+ o0 ta ¥ 4 58 and weegisan sitra V 4 53) yet that reot 1s not spphcablo here, because st does 1 ot Aci ote tee action and so can never form an abheda antaya with the mam serb Wat tho suxthary @ becuse 1 has an andieatory x would inko the afixes of tho Parasmupada whon tho fruit of the action acerues fo nnothar, by forea of § 3 72, but itas prevented by tho following “anes bP arrmeaaaegganirg 1 31g yn srremegir wentfereng os fenrat aqiifg pareareg yersgry reese rah we wg rE weageed wraette carts wiataredtay wy aigadinfelie Been rete wt ererenRecry} AT! 20 Whentheprmerpal verb that takes the affix wry 13 Alina naprdhr, then the vor g when subjoincd shereto as an auwhoary, will similarly be Atuminepads, oven when the frist of the action does, pot neerne to the agent ‘ . ‘40 SIVPH ANIA KauupDL (vol If Cu 1 § 2239 é —_—_—— Oe! {oe vie sta omearereresereyvaterer 1 Aer FarrerarecatPaesrgterg fat fetenfaerrantindtgmrs + ucfgey mereteahisasiemivee wget 1 rE Seared wonhrhr were? ae) 2239 After a verb which ends with witz, the yerb R ‘to do! 1s annexed, when fag follows After the verbs formed by taking the augment ary tho perfect tense oft is added, to form their Perfect Tho word g includes also the verbs ¥ and wat Tina wo infor from the next sitra wrq weatag (I 3 63 § 22 40) from the fact that groobis specifically mentioned in 2faa an wmuprayoga or suxihry verb For tho sitra I 3 63 19 confined to anuprayogy y implyeng thereby that there wo other anuprayoga verbs also which are not governed by that sutra I 3 63 In fact, tho word gx of the present shtra is 4 Praty Ahura or 8 formnla formed with the Bol the sutra yeafeati® (V 4 50) and thewof the shtra gt fate (V4 59), and thus asn pratyahara qt mews and inclo des y yaudwaalso The roots 7 yand sa, denote action in ge renal, wlule the bases iu wry such ws warm denote a particular action, and hence when the sumthory % wor wH_1s combmod mthsarg ending baso the two senses, namely the general sonsa of the auxilry ond the particular sense of the stm ending verb, coalesce into ong ant give one fall indwaistble sense Thus the syntac trea) connection 13 indissolable or abheds anyaya Therefore thongh the root terg 18 eluded mm the Pratyal wa wg ( for thas praty shiva extends over eight sttras V 4 00 to V 4 S58 and eergism sitra VY 4 53) yet that root 1s not applictble here, because th does nat denote mere ection and so can never form an abheda enraya with the main verb Now the aumbary gw becuse it has an indicatory ¥ would take the affixes of the Pa-nsimmpads when the fruit of the netion accrues to another by force of f 8 72 bat itis prevented by the following vas V wroemrarpge tered 131 | ee sererreginy wembreaan we Fewer age 1 careagem qerrary ares serene wg ware re eragere mrautts waa giaQaremtex wg aigatiniels Ae TL Te wT ueqreniteartt or , Beso When tho pmeipil verb thit tukes the vifix ary 1s Atma- népidh, then the verb @ When subjoiued thereto as an auuhary, will similarly be Atmanepadh, even when the fcust of the action does pot ‘ accrue to the agent « t 4 . ‘42 BITDILAN ES KABUL (vol If Ga 1 § 2216 foct, ut also the verbs ¥ and az Phase thies verbs denotmg sbsolute acton, Anmoihified bs any especial condition, have in all lengnages been fis 41 upon as the best au uliuses ‘ Tt must, how*se1, be noted that the word krizin this siti rs nob used as a praty dia and conseqnently dows not melade the verbs x wd 9, ‘Lherofore ®requues here Atmancpada termuition fhas WIt- So 0 Now applies the following — naegt forcermareiy a gre eat feretamtemnt un, ‘ate, watea y wate cr aren ‘aearat Bex a, ghee aa erica ty oR, oF af feat 2241 Tho words Ses’ and Snech’ ne the substitutes of ta” and ‘jha’ respectavely m the Pei feet tense The w of wy yndwertos that at replaces the whole of the aficw (I 3 3.) s'Tho g of ekg as for the sah ofarvont (VL 1 160) Tras 88, dats, afet Why we the substitutes taught here as tand ef und not as gan 8%, for the « wonld have become v by UY 4+ 79 S 22.33" The sery fact, that wis uttered in theso substitutes indievtes by mmyhertion (ripihs) that the ante IIT £ 78, by which the feof itmaneprds termmatzons are chaz? te zasnot appheable to substiinies of Atmaneprda terminations ‘Lherefore ser Gand cq whichiophe. #, weg and win We aro not governed by IL & 79, and zris nut chanzed to x, nor ® to % nor ta to By Thus Cary ERERH MTL ETT a Now tho Fax ofixes beng adhadha tuha, ths eroguucs thatthe g should bo gurnted to #gu Bat this is pre- vented by the follgving aa) wetrnfge fart gk sannareetstatewgharara: fesfa 9, (wo) afr Trier © enbagardngei’ Qatc) ef gate, fgeareeeeterfa arf 1 ‘ ‘ 2212 Lhe alaxea of Lit (Perfect Tense) not coming after n conyanet consonant, aio 18 af they hind an indicitory B Qui) «* TRE formations of Pre (Poteet) not being Fay terminations, are Fry, afters cha that Ise no eomponnd consonants = fhe phrase afeq (not beige market with q) qualifies Misi g tra aby, boing deasar Fretn the pres sons Aclitedly ve tra ‘. » . (Vol 1 Ga Tg 22st yew —reperer "1 nee Boms fay the protubttio of f 1. 5 2217 a> plies ant thoi 1m gunatin aa otherwise would hve been, he forca of § piss > Phus eaqtpee Ab this stuge, two rules appott, one requring the re In Pheation of g (fate wtrcavarga VIL 8 & 2177) and tho other requnmg % te be changed to uly eatanta(VE 1 77 S17) Llus last is subsequent m ofder cf Ashtidhyayi and thereforo should take offect fest Bat af it tos) fect first Ko lwo Ff+E=R+Te Lhon tho reduphertion will be ww+-e o Hae no m3 left for tie appl eston of a3 VIL £ bs vil we cannot got any foun Lierofore warts docs not tak place fret Jy the following A aaeg | FeaaksPrn gag yea fgeafafnet she ot aa seat aw cara Fee? det 2243) Wher an uli, hegiaming with a vowal follows, that is a cause of reduphcation, + substitute shall not tale the place of 1 presa ling vavcel winlst the 1¢ luphicatio1 is yet to ba made , but the roluphettion hv ing been mil, the substitution may then ttho place . Norr —Llussury lis b enexplunelin hffuient ways by the authors of the hisths and of tho Siddl intr haumaid: Accor ing to tho former, the s}iiaimeims — Before wm efx hwing an imtiml vowel, whieh cinses reduph cation the s tbstitute which tates the place of 1 vowelis he tho orginal vox Lerenin form oily for the purposes of red tpheation and no further 1a explaistion given by Kastey 18 moro m harmony with the Groat Commentay Lor al practical pirpasct the two explamitions levd to tho same cone'usion Ac orlmg to hustle the +07 | gubstitnto 1s sthaniect, am tho senso, that 13 exactly of tho sams form as the original and retains thi furn only for a fix TE tums 76 so long ay tho red wpe ition is bein,s . mil bibasssonas the roluphert on has been mite, the substitute tikes ats proper form ‘Lhus tin g+z 13 % vowel vffic and at cvise3 reduphertion therefore § sabstitahion for wp tho pr coting vovel will not tike ple’ whist the reduplictiion is tobe made = Lins € E+%a Now the following rpplus ¢ .- Rage ST he ae ~ e we srgsgrdere meses ah Se) tae a Gy) wert fea artes . 2244 ar (El bl)ws otit Ud for the wor sz of the x duphe erty, wh nom yy follow,° . 4 SIMD TANT. RATE DE (VII Ca T$ 2244 ‘the Bisalwry follsclh by seq ox a [hus velvet p fereey eb Cer betwee Lhorwehded hy earke Fx F 2170 Way do wo sty wh maiathy follows 7 Obs ive maa (pags 101 8 199) Why havo we u ol the war tree ‘when tho agi follows’ 1 tho sifia? Tor wold not th wo Lae ie mt the dusignation ay to that only sf which there wis vetually an afhy ? uz No Boar wiccout the word seat tho sites woull havo itn thus “aft. whatse verisan vin capi, thit whisk begins th or ws his ested silage? Litisye vy as codl mtg tho fe n arg thou l pr Sng im the p feck ( fz) of the 100 Ww wo ent Ahas ws thus formed — WLP Va WL hae COVE 1 8 fate uritens ee) see twee a (VII 1 Saraoeeatwiary ) . SUT WEA WO VIT £66 eer and ecg eax ) Patt aM 4 60 ware fa ) = waq TE the wotd © pratyayo? did not ext then the designation anga would bo apphed to the wholo biso plus tho nix i e¢ (@YS)asashol. hat bemg so a + gg will asium the form of +aq for th @ will be vocaksel by VI1417 fo tho inthe plie of e will not bo sthamnat, by wa were wafrg, b are ty bo stews thera mast b om oli ont cuss outside (0) astol 74 bit this of atv. by bp po he is riclale Lin the aigad » ginton So ther. b ing nowese th watbs fititeofsein gz sillno by sthim at id not bemg so itwill not be cors dere Las teunprisninsiorwl Lhetof anot bing + atnp wernt ths proh bt on (waevaca & VI E97) when a so nt yo vel hag once beat vocal se] there 1s no yocahavtion of the other sem vovel that pro deart will nob aoph aml sou will bo vo ohsed to yn < RA Tg were Ra mvsrosadgarettezaras cra ware Ceara | warebnt 2202 Por the Guttard and g of a reduphearte there is substituted a Palatal fins wary fp RR TS MUTT uA fe = Tureau So abo eareme, eure Re “Then we form Qed Pers Sing worg + we ae = ws + aE a Vere the following sutis pros cnis tho insertion of ¥ before fa, whigh other © watts scone be vantusor Vib 2 de S 29h . .» Vol Ho Gr L$ FU LIFcCe Pe 45 te ww { 3 ae agi VATA FUT UsrAtywu oth ay UGeRIa REIS atacd wartadageay WETT! sed, ergata wera uf faa ae apeaaPazar cra tacit fe — fragr worqaety Tre at a wae a gee fa dharhe ae aegie n ely u east haarergin cert ¢ saw? qeadteeatarea agit sty a fee caoerermale Rarer creda Ar aT eeg Tz eartesia CPate | othe aswereag | ox qrarcanaata wingerra wate gt | caramd 1 2216 The augment ees not added to that Ardhadhituka affix, though bezinuns with v consort exept a, when it 15 jomed toa oot, which m the Griminatical system of Instruction (1 e intho Daétupath) 1s of one syallablo, and 1s without accent (annuditta ) Tr word uprisss qualifss ty both wo dseky h and annaditta Why do we sy “which is monosylltbice?” So that tho pecsont ralo should not apply to tho Sune root when ab 1s Intomsive, with tho wiix ag ehded Phe Intensive ofevery verb 1s includel in t 19 enunerrtion of its root and a3 4 gonoral rulo, all the s\ti1s sp2 ified for the simile 10) will apply to the Intensive also, with cuitun exesptions, 13 coitune Lin the follonmg — Ferat nery aa fnfdy agit ae waareage Fa waar we gies “These five sorts of opvritions will not apply to Intonane yan-luk forms 1 When the simple root 13 exiibited in the sitra with ferg as yin VIL 4 73 iy shown as wifau In the Intensive, the px fect will be wlwargaare and not wmrrraga Ae 2 Whero the rootrs exiibito t with 1g 15 the iootwin VIE 2 49 13 shown 13 ¥cu ‘There as ez vfter the Desideratiye of simple rout, but not m Intensive 3 When vsimple root is exlubited with an aaubandha, as ate VIL16 £ Whee a gana is mentioned im 4 rule, astaz ts tanght after Dieds roots (IIT £ 69) It with apply to simple roots of Divadi gana, and not to their Intense 5 LTistly, whete the word warg is used nm asitry” As ViT 2,10 That role will apply to exre simple roots and not to them Intensive’ ~ ‘ns we mfer beevuso the word ekich 1s used m the present stira "For had not this beon tho meaning, thon thera was no nece-sity of using the werd “ela” inthe stra, for the word at Abl singular, by stself alone would havo agnoted one vowel, but by the adgelional uso of the word “eha, ” the roots consisting of more than one vouePare excluded¢ 16 SIDDYSDI 4 RAEMEDY | {Vo IF (a T§ Ode € St eee eee therefore, sine we fin Uthat the fot statemont imthe tore verse ¢ameHTe) &p is supported by tho mfcrenes to be drawn from the present sitia, &e m y conclude that the othel fom st laments of tho sbovo verse ae also anthort« fate und y proved by Paaumt Scie also sfttra L219 Cherefors the sibstittte root wa vadha (IL £ 42) which roplaces © 1s not affected by the present rule, for fhough the root gq m Dhatupathy as taught (aprdos) with one vowel, yet ats substitute yada is taught (upades) am the sitaa IE b 42 wath two vonels, hence ibis not ehaick and soit gets the tegment xz and welhue waa in gEu Bat the prohibition applis to ez as wyG and not wage Lag vin Lette roots will bo shows Later on by giving 2 list of thon Jhas wag + aR + 3 = varagt, and so algo warem® o ‘Lhe 2ud Purs PI is ware + wey Le Hore apphes fhe next sites 72D 1 ET. whagqafrar Dg a cry sc 8 wevennag weatar em ge erer wee wea cata) ware Be gated | earegEyl VUTaFe he WITT sare at tates tigen sy waar ig momma’, xe wy, fa ar amg) 2247 The carelmal so milis 5 ibatit te Tin tho room of the w “of tury, anil of fhe Porsonal-endings of the Aoust and the Perfect, after vste n ending im ga (a xowol other than a) Voaaiefro wrrg + we + V8 = eI TTT Liest pariou singalae as ware how 8 ae TareR coreg wuregee en Scmiiety He perks cof wz ama ho fora: Uby the anabary was, ns wall Bitartarcrss of qand aa taanzh the Peineipal Verb es atm ashy aya ihus wert ai pul, the aisiiyeias will bo ccnyngate bas Parasin uprde and weraya de, Now the p ricet of atts formed bs rephieme se by xy Lut here it as not sorties} ob eimsy then thernle aboat au, hung ar auxiliary wold 16 Halit noth ens, thenaist al of saying meclors as Yas rca ts Lanssht para & Peam would hme un el mew aa or ggeprge] ke Sut tae fu? that bo useathe Peatyatiaca gat shows that om must be ny gate l osadistiet fora vilistmphesdby gy Naoeefiee though he Paytest of aMpeteine pu Verh alas aye yet thy p efeet of thy Ansty Verb 4, ot ware setrrd a Ineother worla the forme wre sing dc, can never stir 1 lone bat mis be asstas vist wes Hosasth naw tab comunat tin ep fo se dala . .»% Vol WT Ca 1 § 22304 , Varuienr y rg re Rwe 1 AT are: UIivrgay searremteat 4 cam weneteay ert very eererag eens 1 efere yeh are efeare 1 ham’ 1 wararare 5 2218 Aloog vowel is substituted an the Perfect for the umtid at of a icduphe ite ‘ ‘Thus deLars the smgle substitute of the form of the subsequent ordamed bs VE 1 97 dius aq Wt aT fag WA = oe ‘Thus warera fe Smgulu Dil Plural 8rd person rr | var @ warehae Qnd person wernt aut & qarage 2 * Ist person TIER auras qaragat ° Kd person wie waaay wurayg 2nd person oo warasfra ouraady qrays Ist person warner waagiza euragfra Sid person art UTA weary, 2nd p ison warehry wgrnteg were Ist petson eur me werafadr euratnt O. ye Inst Luime Tho Periphrastic Put ro rs regulealy rim do Thay @u yp at = efvara So also afaaré, ePrare, efrare, erties Tho second purson pluralis we + of ATE vt Here apples the folowing sutra by whan ee Gy ofided mac Argheraragn mead at atta cones whrarct¢ 2249 ‘Lhe gis diopped before an affix begining witha u Thus efr 4 ae 4-63 =efran ie ‘Lhe Frat potion smgntaris ef8 1.30, + 8a Here tho 41s changed to gby the followmg . Rw zat uslsme “e . mreerst wea © eavefa eh) fame e efaareed | efaaren® y afeesd | atusda efacag ! abqats ebiete a ered 1 efter | ofr ¢ etree¢ 13 SINDITANTA KATMEDL {Vol TH Cw 1 § 2290 ¢ ’ foo 2390 Tor tho gof arg wd wg phere 15 substituted g befosa the e personal-ending & dnus efaerd, +e = vfemt o Last CPuture ot a, Smaaln Dad Phaat Ist person ehaae afaarer? eizat ae . 2nd person eft vfyarery iva <2 Bid per on ufar wfearet yfeare 9 — Sicord Lutuie 0 ae The accord Putire presents no ureguluitics Thns we Inve, Sng bir Dri Pieri . 1st per on efiey atacsae ate creat Qnd person were ehyete wfasace 3rd person ¥fasa? efawit efaer® . —o— Tnputtive or We Thus qa pat @= ar +2n Hors wples the following rale by which v 13 chinged to Br agi aaae mgrg1 cou Ae wamreen4reeag 1 TIAN e TFATT (TTA 2291 In the Imperative “m’ 1s substituted for whit would have “gubstibuted otherwise ‘e’ by TH. L +9 Thus Tt B= ew ATA_ so rlso wtara_ warara i The Sad person uingny Jaris vata Hero apyiles ‘the following, by which & 1s changed to waQd ATU ap UR TET eyN wureat Weed STFA ward ‘a, ae, THE TT ETT) eierq sere (2228 Tor such wm ‘ commg after ‘s' 16 substituted a, and for that commg after a 1 substituted aq m the Imperative Pins supersedes the sta, substitution of the last sutra Thus for we hayeew and for SW wo have eran hos wae @ = ewer eri ayerqa ‘The Ist person singular 1s €Y- cn Here bi the following sttry th wis changed to Be ‘* Vol WU Cu J § 2255 } RU POTE TIAL a + . aR cr anrardgn gees en emg, uniter ved curv meth ‘ 2252 Tho ‘a’ is substituted for ‘o’ forming part of tho eftixes of the first person of the Imporatrye This doves var of tho precoding bat ono sdtra This ew p @ = v2, warat, vurnTs wite or Imperative Singular Dual Plaral Ist person at eet eurat Qnd person = CUTE eter eet 8rd person = weary etary qeraty —o are, or Imporfect Thus w+ ea p+ oe + we Here the following edtra causai the w ta be replaced by wre aus i Teed 1 181 opt ° woardharary cart wrigg | metware eer (ata) Beer Rr eer Rarer dary s Herery 1 BV e Qeraty Bue 2254 wreacutely accented 1s the augment of a verbal «tom bepimmng with a vorvel, in the Aortst, Imperfect and the Con ‘ditional This debars the augment sea Thus uryyw+a—Bew oe The ve didi a by VII 90 S 260 at, or Imperfect Singular Dust Plera’ ist Person Be taf . earnfs 2nd Person way Wer est 3rd Person tua Roary Rent ~ —_—oer far or Potential . Thus Te--os4+ae Now the next ditra orda rs the augmont tye ton * gee Ufo: digg bg ea wR a7 fosrem@ agen Vga cag Coste bett oeturerg y ; 2255 The personal endings of the Potential abd the Benedion tive take the augment ‘sryput’. o? ° .¢ 13 SIDDIANTA TAC EDL (Vol If Cr 1 § 220 ‘ 220 Tor the gof arg and ee there is substitute |g befeee the peisonal-ending x 6 dnus efamy, +e = efame a Last Patme or gy, Singnha Pu Plural Ist person ePrag efaaeat wiwar we . Quad pemon — vfaae vivaray ataa et Sid person oe Rirer wFrarct afrarc — Scop ad Future ov gz The second Vatwa p csents no uregatuities ‘Thus wo have, bingult Dual Thar al . Ist person ee etree? uf crret 2n1 person efresd whathy vigeget Sid person —-efava3 efawsa efaere e —-o Ting et tive ov ite, Ths ULE UP A wT RH Ms applies tho following rate by wluich ¥ 18 changed to aT BA WAT WarEer dou ee WHTCETTFERTE pew (ear 6 CUETTT 2291 In the Impervtive “4m is substztated for what would have substituted otherwise ‘e’ by TIE 1 9 ‘Lhus ee + 8 = eet so uso waa erate n The 201 person singu Iaias mwan Hore wpples the following by wluch @ 1s changed toe aan TARUT mAT yer egH mareat Cet OTST way @ are, wat ea | teed) MTA Tea 2222 Yor such 1 ‘0’ commg after ‘s 18 substituted a, wd for that commg «fter q is substituted aq in the Imperative

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