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Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010

Chc nng Backstage View

Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi

Office 2010.

Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h
tr s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.

Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php
ai sa ti liu, kch c file...

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Thm tnh nng Sparkline

Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu

hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi -
Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini)
hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines l cch
nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.

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 parkline l c ch hu ch thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn.

Tnh nng Slicers

Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch
d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc
quan su thng qua s lng ln d liu.

V d, bn c th s dng licers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th

nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan

Khi d liu trong bng Pivot Table thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.

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nh dng d liu c iu kin

Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v

kh nng t s ng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht...
vi ch 1 c click chut

y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s

liu kh c nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc
hm rt trch v lc d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng
hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh x c
d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Thc hin nh
sau: qut chn mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi , sau bm nt
Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn:

Kiu nh gi sng lc:

Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng
phi trch ring ra ngoi nh c c phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc
hin sng lc ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin
hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. au y l hai nhm quy lut chnh:

Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong c c iu kin:

Greater Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi
tr so s nh no , Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c
cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian),
Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau).

Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi

yu cu bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi
iu kin so s nh . Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh thc thi trong
bng tnh.

Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm c c iu kin: Top 10 Items ( nh

du 10 c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% ( nh du 10% s c gi tr ln
nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average (
c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c
gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn chn nh gi

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 theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s
cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty
bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt.

Kiu nh gi hin th mc :
Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng { trong
menu hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu
nh gi mc d liu gip bn d dng so s nh cng nh nhn ra s
tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng
c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.

Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu

khc nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao.
Khi chn nhm Color Scales, bn hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch
trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng chn ca
bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch chn Color
Scales > More Rules.

Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun,
chng trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn,
gip bn c ci nhn trc quan v bng tnh.

V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung

bnh, v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng b o ng. Mi
biu tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr
trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so s nh v tin hnh t biu tng
thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc
chung ca c ct hoc dng.

Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong

nhm Icon Sets.

Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh

nhng quy lut nh gi kh c bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting >
New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng
nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng
va vi c c nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm
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Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear
Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c
sheet), This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).

C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php

chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c
bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi ,
sng lc d liu chun x c v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny,
bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong Excel.

PivotTables v PivotCharts

Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng

trong giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp
cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v
cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th phn tch d liu trong biu
. Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc
thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho cc
biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn
p dng c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung
nng cp theo c ch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.

Share Workbook

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Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c
qun l ni dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc,
nng cao nng sut lm vic nhm.

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 Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft
Excel
Gii thiu Excel
Excel l g:

Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng bng,

gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin:

Tnh to n i s, phn tch d liu

Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch

Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau

V th v c c s

T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro

V nhiu ng dng kh c gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi

ton khc nhau.

Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic

(tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu
sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin
quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu
worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn.

Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn

c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), c c c t chc
thnh cc ct v c c dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt
Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha
c 256 ct v 65,536 dng).

Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt

th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th.

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Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn c c tab t ti gc tr i di ca
ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp
chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.

Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XL X (da trn chun XML
gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh
dng chun trc y l .XL .

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 Giao din Excel
Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi,
m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh
Office ging nh menu File ca cc phin bn trc.

Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta

hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh
cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t
bn c th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh
truy cp nhanh.

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 Cc lnh trong menu Office

Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh

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 Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh

Ribbon l g?

Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh
menu truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay
trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page
Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.

Thanh cng c Ribbon

Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh
lm vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn
hay xa dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu,

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Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th,
k hiu,

Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n.

Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),

cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.

Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch,

phn tch d liu,

Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc

, cc thit lp bo v bng tnh.

View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia
mn hnh,

Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh

vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office
Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.

Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin

ch b sung, cc hm b sung,

S dng menu ng cnh (shortcut menu)

Khi mun thc hin mt thao t c no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu,
th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp
tc mt thanh menu hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay
p dng cho i tng m bn chn.

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 Menu ng cnh

M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s

M Excel
Thao tc:

B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di

bn tri

B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang

phi chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office
Excel 2010 th dng li.

B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.

Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel

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 Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel

Thu nh ca s Excel

Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo

nt gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh
mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.

Phng to ca s Excel

Thao tc:

Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh

Nhp chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh

Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh

Thot khi Excel

Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng
c th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.

Thao tc vi v vng

Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)

a ch mt trong Excel c x c nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng.
Mt vng trong bng tnh c x c nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri
ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn c ch). c
bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c x c nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v

d ct A th c x c nh ngn gn l A:A) v <s dng>:<s dng> (v d

a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4).

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V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v
s dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u
tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12.

a ch v vng

Chn vng
Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn
bn tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n
v tr cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u
tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v
th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v
ko chn n u tin).

Khi mun chn c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mun chn c
workbook (ngha l chn tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet
tab v chn Select All Sheets.

Sao chp v di chuyn vng

Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong
bng tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp
nhng d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn

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trc tin bn phi chn vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng
nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut thc hin:

Dng Ribbon:

Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay (Copy hay

Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Paste). Bn c
th gi cc lnh trn t menu ng cnh nhp phi chut.

Chut:
Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp (khng gi
thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay
di chuyn n v th chut.

Dn c bit (Paste Special)

Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct
t b nh vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn
hy s dng Paste Special au khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao
chp n v nhp phi chut, chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste
Special c mt s la chn nh bng sau:

Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special

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 Hng mc M t

All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun

Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng

Values Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng

Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc

Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc

Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch

All using source theme Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun

All except borders Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin

Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct

Formulas and number Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s,

formats cc nh dng khc b loi b.

Values and number Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca

formats cc con s.

None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo

Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch

Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.

Multiply Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.

Divide Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca

vng ngun

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Skip blanks . Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng
ch

Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li

Paste Link Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun

t tn vng

Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton

nh: vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l
c c a ch n thun, t tn gip vic tham chiu tnh to n t sai st hn v
di chuyn hay chn cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box
(hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha khong trng v
du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng c
t ging c c a ch tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t
tn chn nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi
New Name hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope,
nhp ch thch nu cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc
tip t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng chn t Formulas Defined
Names Create from Selection hoc dng menu ng cnh.

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Mun m hp thoi qun l{ c c tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined
Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh
thng tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca c c vng khng dng n,

Thm ch thch cho

hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang
cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review
Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th
nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v chn Insert Comment.

c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review

Comments Next hay Previous.

n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/

hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn).

Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review

Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut
v chn Edit Comment t menu ng cnh.

Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete.

Hoc nhp phi chut v chn Delete Comment.

Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch

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Chn, xa , dng v ct

Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh

trong worksheet v dch chuyn c c ang chn qua phi hoc xung di.
Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn
tri v c th xa i c c , c c dng v ct.

Chn trng
B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng
lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ).

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn
ph hp trong hp thoi Insert

Chn dng

B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn
s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny.

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows

Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn

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Chn ct
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s
ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny.

B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns

Xa cc , dng v ct

B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa

B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)

Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng

Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k

t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi
rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n
409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao
mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. C c bc
iu chnh dng ct:

B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng

B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp

Row Height: chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng

AutoFit Row Height: chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho
ph hp vi ni dung.

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Column Width: chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct

AutoFit Column Width: chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho
ph hp vi ni dung.

Default Width: chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho

worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct
cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c
workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi c ch thay i chiu cao dng v
rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao t c nhanh hn. Mun thay
i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut
hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tr i gim
rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn
di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc
ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c

workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin
lnh.
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Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng
chut thao t c nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n
pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi
tng hoc ko v bn tr i gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i
chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k
hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao
dng.

Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)

Ni nhiu thnh mt

Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c c c u c d liu th bn cn chuyn

ht d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d
liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa.

B1. Chn cc cn ni li.

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu
trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu

Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng

bn tri.
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B1. Chn ang b ni.

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells
u c.

Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt

Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang,
sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia c c sheet hay i n
c c ni bt kz trong bng tnh.

Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang

Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll

bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng
tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay
bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn
phi ca bng tnh.

Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi

tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung.

Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C

hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.

Thanh cun ngang

Thao tc:

Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tr i cun mn hnh i sang tr i.

Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi.

Thanh Sheet tab

di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh

sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n
sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet
lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt

25
trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt
trn thanh sheet tab. Nu mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c
qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v chn tn
sheet cn n.

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn

n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc
thanh cun ngang v dc, c c phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm
bng bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn.

Nhn phm Di chuyn

hoc Tab Sang bn phi

hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri

Ln dng

Xung dng

Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh

Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet

Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet

Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh

Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh

26
 Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh

Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh

F5 M hp thoi Go To

End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh

Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh

Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh

Thao tc vi workbook

To mi workbook

Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp

nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu
dng sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng,
bn chn Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.

27
M workbook c sn trn a

Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:

1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c

th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh s ch ny (
iu chnh th nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display
Show this number of Recent Documents ).

2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin

v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin.

3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open,
chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp tin cn
28
m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp
thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c
nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in
Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt
hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).

Lu workbook

Mt iu cn lu { khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin

lnh lu li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng
tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt
tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng
Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc
nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt
Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover
information every minutes.

Mt s c ch lu workbook:

1. Chn nt Office Save

2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access

Tollbar).
29
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>.

Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht,

cn nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong
hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho
tp tin ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt
Save lu tr.

Minh ha lu tp tin
Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca
Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy
nhin trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |

bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit

mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng c ch t o!).

B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.

B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin
ra

30
B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau
tng bo mt). au nhn nt OK

B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. au nhn nt OK

B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. au nhn nt OK

B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.

Dng mt m bo v workbook
Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao
c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m
workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook),
Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).

ng workbook

Mt s c ch ng workbook:

1. Chn nt Office Close

2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).

3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. Nu workbook c s thay i

ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li c c thay i .

Sp xp workbook

Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta
nn sp xp li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All
Chn kiu b tr thch hp.

31
 Sp xp cc workbook trong ca s Excel

Thao tc vi worksheet

Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook

C nhiu cch thc hin:

1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab

2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh.

3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet

4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin
ra, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin
hnh.

32
 Minh ha chn sheet mi

i tn worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g
tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th
dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : /
\?*

Xa worksheet
Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau:

1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete
Delete sheet

2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa

OK.

Sp xp th t cc worksheet
C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp worksheet nh:

1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v

th chut.
33
2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn
sp xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp chn
ln tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau
nhn OK.

Sao chp worksheet

Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copychn v tr t bn sao trong
vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK.
Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln
tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh
sheet tab th tri chut.

sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu
sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm
<Ctrl + nhp chut> chn sheet.

chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m

workbook ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn
workbook ch ti To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao
chp c c sheet n mt workbook mi).

Chn mu cho sheet tab

34
Vic t mu gip qun l{ thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc
sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy
chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp.

n/ Hin worksheet
Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c
th n n i. Khng th n ht cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t
nht mt sheet khng b n. Mun n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln
tn sheet mun n v chn Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mun cho hin
tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v chn Unhide
sau chn tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.

35
S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc

Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu
nh cc ca s c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt
worksheet di nhiu gc khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh
nhiu Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di
trong khi cun cc thanh cun,

S dng thanh Zoom

Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm
vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c
th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to
th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.

Thanh Zoom

Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s

Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt worksheet hay cc
worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt
nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Chn nhm
View Window New Window

so s nh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View

Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun

36
thanh cun ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng
cun ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n
ang bt).

Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu

Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong
tnh ton cn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh:
t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window
Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp
chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cun
dc v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng
(cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mun
chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh.

Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang

Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no
trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh
ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn
hnh xung pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr
cn c nh, sau chn View Window Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh
ph hp. Nu chn:

Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh

Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch

Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch

37
 Minh ha c nh cc tiu

b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes

S dng Watch Window

Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di c c trong qu trnh tnh to n. Bn mun gim
s t no th a n vo danh s ch gi m s t ca s ca Watch Window. Gi
ca s Watch Window bn chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing
Watch Window, sau chn cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch
trn ca s Watch Window.

Ca s Watch Window

38
 Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong
Excel
Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc.
Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng
cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.

Nhp liu

Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm

B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu

B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn

B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin
hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc.

Lu :

Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng

bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct.

Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s

thp phn.

Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh

dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh
sch).

Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong

Control Panel Regional and Language Options.

Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-
2007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mun dng nh
dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>.

39
Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P
vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t
hiu l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi
mun dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g
<Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc
v nhp liu vo sau nhn <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc
nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet,
bn hy chn c c sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo
nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln c c c d liu). b chn
cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets.

V d nhp cc loi d liu

Nhp cc k t c bit

B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong
.

B2. Ch n Symbol

B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp

Font.

B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

40
 V d chn vo

Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng

hy mt lnh va thc hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm

<Ctrl+Z>

ang nhp liu vo mun hy th nhn phm ESC

phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>

thc hin li lnh sau cng nhn <Ctrl+Y>

Hiu chnh ni dung

Xa ni dung cc B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa

41
B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung c c nh
dng ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing
Clear ( ) v chn cc lnh:

Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng

Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca

Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng

Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c

Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)

Nhp ln c sn ni dung
Mun nhp ln c c c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp
vo ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung
va nhp .

Hiu chnh ni dung cc

Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:

1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc c c phm mi

tn di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete
xa mt s ni dung sau nhp vo ni dung mi.

2. Chn cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t

nh trn

3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)

S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu

S dng chc nng AutoFill

S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu

AutoFill c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng
vic ca mnh.

42
Danh sch Auto Fill c sn

Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng

1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6

9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00

Mon Tue, Wed, Thu

Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday

Jan Feb, Mar, Apr

Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan

Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00

15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct

1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003

1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...

Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...

Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On

backorder,...

Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...

1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...

Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...

Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:

B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1

B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng
s 2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k tip).
43
B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill
handle) gc di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu
en.

B4. Gi tri chut ko xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.

Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh
cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc
cch sau:

1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi
Fill handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d
liu hay biu thc s c sao chp.

2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d

liu n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp
(Down, Right, Up, Left).

T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular

trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit
Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh
sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo
Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh
sch t to ca bn.

44
Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh s ch v nhn nt
Delete.

Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh s ch v hiu chnh trong
List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.

S dng chc nng Automatic Completion

Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau
c c c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn
kh chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance
ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values.

S dng chc nng AutoCorrect

AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh,
ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay c c on vn bn lp i lp
li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo
danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo
c c bc sau:

45
B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options

B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi
c tc dng

B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k)

B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc

k)

B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch

hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung

mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt
mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete.

Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn

46
nh dng
nh dng chung

C c nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong

nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel,
mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.

nh dng vn bn v s

Khi cn c c nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh

th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells
Format Format Cells

47
 Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells

nh dng M t

Tab Number

Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr

Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo

c c nh dng bn chn

Decimal places Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng

cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage,
v Scientific.

Use 1000 Separator Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng

(,) nghn, triu, tch p dng cho dng Number

48
Negative numbers Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng
cho dng Number v Currency.

Symbol Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng

Currency v Accounting

Type Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho

cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.

Locale (location) Chn loi ngn ng kh c p dng nh dng gi tr,

ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special.

Tab Alignment

Text alignment C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo

Horizontal chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tr i cho vn bn,
l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c
canh gia.

Vertical C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo

chiu dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn.

Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .

Orientation Chn c c hng ca vn bn trong cc .

Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90

Text control Wrap Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc

text vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn
di)

Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi

rng ct

Merge cells Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)

Right-to-left Text X c nh trnh t c v canh l

49
direction

Tab Font

Font Chn kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri

Font style Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch,

kiu mc nh l Regular.

Size Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l

c ch 11 point.

Underline Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch,

mc nh l None.

Color Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do

Excel t chn mu)

Normal font Nu chn s loi b c c nh dng Font khc v tr v

dng bnh thng

Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn

Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn

Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di

Preview Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn

Tab Border

Line Chn kiu v kch c c c ng k khung, sau chn

cc nt bn hp Border k

Presets Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k c c ng

phn cch gia cc

Color Chn mu cho c c ng k

Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc

ng bao cc

50
 Tab Fill

Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu

ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di).

More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.

Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn

Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v

kiu mu ti Sample

Tab Protection

Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, c c , ch c tc

dng khi sheet c bo v

Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c

bo v (xem phn sau)

General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi

s di hn 12 s th nh dng

General chuyn sang dng Scientific

Number Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du

phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du
thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m.

Currency Dng nh dng c c n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta

c th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con
s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin
th s m.

Accounting Dng nh dng c c n v tin t trong k ton, n

t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.

Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty

theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc
Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control
51
 Panel).

Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty

theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc
Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control
Panel).

Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm

du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch
thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.

Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty

theo Type bn chn.

Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa hc <Con s E+n>. V

d, s 12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l
1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th chn du
phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du
thp phn.

Text nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k

c cc con s.

Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s

in thoi, s bo him

Custom Dng hiu chnh c c m nh dng ang p dng

hay to mi c c nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th
thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo
ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)

S dng Wrap Text

Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng
wrap text hoc dng <Alt+Enter> xung dng ti v tr mong mun.

B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1

52
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t
ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells
Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height

Xoay ch (Orientation)

B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1

B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise

nh dng khung (border)

K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc
bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu .

B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells

B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color

B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset

B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset

B6. Nhn OK hon tt

53
Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)
B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells

B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects

B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2

(Blue)

B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3

B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.

54
T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu
v s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo
Conditional Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng la chn,
bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu
phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu
trong sut phn nh gi tr ca C ch thc tin hnh ny cho php n gin
hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca
Excel 2003.

55
Bng v nh dng bng (table)
Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm
cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho
php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn
thit.

p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng

B1. Chn danh B2:E18

B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table

B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc

biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9

B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn.

to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho

biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu.

Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn

Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete.
56
Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh
Ribbon

Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch

xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti
Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny
vng chn vn cn l

bng do vy n c c c tnh nng ca bng.

57
 chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab
Design, ti nhm Tools chn Convert to Range.

S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)

Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v
chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi
nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra
chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bin cc mu ny.

p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes

Chn mt biu mu t danh sch.

C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li

kiu Font v vo Effects chn li hiu ng.

Lu { bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.

To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn

Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes chn
Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to.

Khi i kiu mu kh c ng lot c c i tng c p dng biu mu thay

i nh dng v khng b thay i ni dung.

58
Tm v thay th d liu
tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:

Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home

Chn Find hoc Replace

59
 Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm trong mc Find
What (nu bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find
What v t thay th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc
trn).

Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty chn

Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu
trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.

60
Sp xp

thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:

nh du cc mun c sp xp

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp

sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin

Kch Add Level

Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp

Kch OK

61
Lc d liu

B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh.

s dng b lc:

Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc

Trn tab Home, kch ort & Filter

Kch nt Filter

Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin

Kch Text Filter

Kch Words bn mun lc

62
 khng p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter

Kch Clear

63
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc
Hm
Gii thiu cng thc v hm:
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)

Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc

th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc
tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng
thc ny s t ng cp nht c c thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta
tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g?

Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l

s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, c c a ch tham chiu v cc hm.

V d:

V d v cng thc

Cc ton t trong cng thc

Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu

+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6

- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41

* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5

64
 / Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1

^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly

cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2

& Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v Thanh

li thnh L Thanh

= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

qu: FALSE

> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

qu: FALSE

< Nh hn =A1<B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

qu: TRUE

>= Ln hn hoc =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

bng qu: FALSE

<= Nh hn hoc =A1<=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

bng qu: TRUE

<> Khc =A1<>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

qu: TRUE

, Du cch cc =Sum(A1,B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

tham chiu qu: 9

: Tham chiu =Sum(A1:B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt

mng qu: 9

khong Tr v cc =B1:B6 A3:D3 Tr v gi tr ca

trng giao gia 2
vng

Th t u tin ca cc ton t

65
Ton t M t u tin

: (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du Ton t tham chiu 1

phy)

S m (v d 1) 2

% Phn trm 3

^ Ly tha 4

* v / Nhn v chia 5

+ v Cng v tr 6

& Ni chui 7

= < > <= >= <> So snh 8

Gii thiu hm (Function)

Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc
nng no . Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c
rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong
Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i
s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v c c i s c th l bt
buc hoc t chn.

V d:

=Rand(): hm khng c i s

=If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s

=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn

Trong Excel 2010 c c c hm chnh nh sau:

Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,

66
 Hm ly d liu t A : Cubeset, Cubevalue,

Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,

Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.

Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,

Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,

Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,

Hm lun l{: If, And, Or,

Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, Off et,

Hm to n v lng gi c: Log, Mmult, Round,

Hm thng k: tdev, Var, CountIf,

Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,

Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn

cc phn sau.

Nhp cng thc v hm

Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn
ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, c c a
ch tham chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c
trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu { khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh
nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham
chiu.

V d:

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm

67
Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc
sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v
nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s
thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc.

Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem

li c ch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th
lm nh sau:

B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(

B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra

B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK

B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3

B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK

B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +

B7. Nhp chut vo B2

B8. Nhn phm Enter

Chn tn vng vo cng thc

68
Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng
th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon
chn nhm Formulas Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn
s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function
mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo
Help on this function.

Hp thoi Insert Function

Tham chiu trong cng thc

Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa
cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu
sau:

Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i

khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng
tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4

Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay

i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4

Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt

i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.

69
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh
dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc
ct.

Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.

V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi . i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang
VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i

B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. au qut chn c vng D2:D14 v
g <Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c
thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta
dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc
xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo.

B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc

E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi
sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17
tnh ton.

B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.

Lu :

70
Tham chiu n a ch worksheet kh c nhng cng workbook th c dng

Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:

=A2*Sheet2!A2

=A2*Thong so!B4

Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n

Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng

*Tn_Workbook+Tn_sheet!a_ch_.

V d:

=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

=A2**Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4

Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nh y n

=A2*C:\Tai lieu\*Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4

Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m

=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\*Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4

Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng

Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)

Li Gii thch

#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng

#NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy

#N/A Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca

d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu

#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn

71
 chung nn phn giao rng

#NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s

dng

#REF! Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa

#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.

Cc hm trong excel

a. Nhm hm v thng k
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...)
Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc
im d liu theo trung bnh ca
chng. Thng dng lm thc o v
s bin i ca tp s liu

AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) Tnh trung bnh cng

AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr,

bao gm c nhng gi tr logic

AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr

trong mt mng theo mt iu kin

AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr

criteria2, ...) trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin

COUNT (value1, value2, ...) m s trong danh sch

COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) m s c cha gi tr (khng rng)

trong danh sch

COUNTBLANK (range) m cc rng trong mt vng

COUNTIF (range, criteria) m s tha mt iu kin cho

72
 trc bn trong mt dy

COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, m s tha nhiu iu kin cho

criteria2, ...) trc

DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) Tnh bnh phng lch c c im d

liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri
cng c c bnh phng li.

FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng

xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi
tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s.
Lun s dng hm ny dng cng
thc mng

GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy

cc s dng. Thng dng tnh
mc tng trng trung bnh, trong
li kp c cc li bin i c cho
trc...

HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch

o ca trung bnh cng) ca cc s

KURT (number1, number2, ...) Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th

mc nhn hay mc phng tng i
ca mt phn b so vi phn b
chun

LARGE (array, k) Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt

tp s liu

MAX (number1, number2, ...) Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi

tr

MAXA (number1, number2, ...) Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi

tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text

73
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.

MIN (number1, number2, ...) Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi

tr

MINA (number1, number2, ...) Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi

tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text

MODE (number1, number2, ...) Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht

trong mt mng gi tr

PERCENTILE (array, k) Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong

mt mng d liu

PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca

mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s
phn trm ca mng d liu

PERMUT (number, number_chosen) Tr v hon v ca c c i tng.

QUARTILE (array, quart) Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu.

Thng c dng trong kho st d
liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu
nhm...

RANK (number, ref, order) Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh

sch cc s

SKEW (number1, number2, ...) Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t

khng i xng ca phn phi
quanh tr trung bnh ca n

SMALL (array, k) Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt

tp s

STDEV (number1, number2, ...) c lng lch chun trn c s

mu

STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) c lng lch chun trn c s

74
 mu, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic

STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp

hp

STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp

hp, k c ch v cc gi tr logic

VAR (number1, number2, ...) Tr v phng sai da trn mu

VARA (value1, value2, ...) Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao

gm c cc tr logic v text

VARP (number1, number2, ...) Tr v phng sai da trn ton th

tp hp

VARPA (value1, value2, ...) Tr v phng sai da trn ton th

tp hp, bao gm c cc tr logic v
text.

TRIMMEAN (array, percent) Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt

tp d liu, bng cch loi t l phn
trm ca c c im d liu u v
cui tp d liu.

b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut

BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt
phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt

B) phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th

probability_s, cumulative) thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.

CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn

phi chi-squared.

75
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt
pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

CHITEST (actual_range, Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn

expected_range) phi chi-squared v s bc t do
tng ng.

CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng

size) l thuyt

CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn

alpha) phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay
bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng
bo m cc ng dng t cht
lng...

EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng

m phng thi gian gia cc bin c...

FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng

degrees_freedom2) dng tm xem hai tp s liu c
nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...

FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc

degrees_freedom2) sut F. Thng dng so s nh
bin thin trong hai tp s liu

FTEST (array1, array2) Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F.

Thng dng x c nh xem hai
mu c c c phng sai kh c nhau hay
khng...

FISHER (x) Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x.

Thng dng kim tra gi thuyt
da trn h s tng quan...

FISHERINV (y) Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher.

Thng dng phn tch mi tng

76
 quan gia cc mng s liu...

GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C

cumulative) th dng nghin cu c phn b
lch

GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch

ly gamma.

GAMMLN (x) Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma

HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut

...) ca mt s ln thnh cng no ...)

LOGINV (probability, mean, Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi

standard_dev) tch ly lognormal ca x
(LOGNORMDIST)

LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal

standard_dev) ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x
thng c phn phi vi cc tham
s mean v standard_dev.

NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v

number_s, probability_s) xc sut m s c number_f ln tht
bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh
cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt
ln thnh cng l probability_s)

NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, Tr v phn phi chun (normal

cumulative) distribution). Thng c s dng
trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim
tra gi thuyt

NORMINV (probability, mean, Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly

standard_dev) chun

NORMSDIST (z) Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun

77
 tc (standard normal cumulative
distribution function), l phn phi c tr
trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch
chun l 1

NORMSINV (probability) Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi

tch ly chun tc

POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng

dng c tnh s lng bin c s
xy ra trong mt khong thi gian
nht nh

PROB (x_range, prob_range, Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy

lower_limit, upper_limit) nm gia hai gii hn

STANDARDIZE (x, mean, Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi

standard_dev) biu th bi mean v standard_dev

TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student

(phn phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh
t t v c dng tnh xc sut.

TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.

TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th

Student.

WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s

dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh
tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit
b.

ZTEST (array, x, sigma) Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php

th z.

c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh

78
CORREL (array1, array2) Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng
x c nh mi quan h ca hai c
tnh

COVAR (array1, array2) Tnh tch s c c lch ca mi cp

im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh cc
tch s

FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) Tnh ton hay d o n mt gi tr

tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr
hin c, bng phng ph p hi quy
tuyn tnh

GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, Tnh ton s tng trng d kin

new_x's, const) theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc
d kin hin c.

INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng

thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc
tr x v y cho trc

LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng

stats) c ch dng phng ph p bnh phng
ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng
thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri
tr v mng m t ng thng .
Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc
mng.

LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s

stats) tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi
d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng
ga tr m t ng cong . Lun
dng hm ny dng cng thc mng

PEARSON (array1, array2) Tnh h s tng quan momen tch

pearson (r), mt ch mc khng th

79
 nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1,
phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn
tnh gia hai tp s liu

RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan

momen tch Pearson (r), thng qua
c c im d liu trong known_y's v
known_x's

SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy

tuyn tnh thng qua c c im d liu

STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) Tr v sai s chun ca tr d o n y

i vi mi tr x trong hi quy.

TREND (known_y's, known_x's, Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh

new_x's, const)

d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions

ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon
settlement, rate, par, frequency , basis, tr li theo nh kz
calc_method)

ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon

par, basis) tr li theo kz hn

AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k

first_period, salvage, period, rate, ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti
basis) sn (s dng trong cc h thng k
ton theo kiu Php)

AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k

first_period, salvage, period, rate, ton (s dng trong cc h thng k
basis) ton theo kiu Php)

COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy

frequency, basis) kt ton

80
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, Tnh s ngy trong kz li bao gm c
frequency, basis) ngy kt ton

COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy

frequency, basis) tnh li k tip

COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh

frequency, basis) li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton

COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong

frequency, basis) khong t ngy kt to n n ngy o
hn

COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, Tr v mt con s th hin ngy

frequency, basis) thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy
kt ton

CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi

start_period, end_period, type) khon vay trong khong thi gian gia
start_period v end_period

CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i

start_period, end_period, type) vi khon vay trong khong thi gian
gia start_period v end_period

DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s

dng phng ph p s d gim dn
theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining
balance method) trong mt khong
thi gian x c nh.

DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s
dng phng ph p s d gim dn
kp (double-declining balance
method), hay gim dn theo mt t l
no , trong mt khong thi gian
x c nh.

81
DISC (settlement, maturity, pr,
redemption, basis)
DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction)
DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction)
DURATION (settlement, maturity,
coupon, yld, frequency, basis)
EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery)
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type)
FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule)
INTRATE (settlement, maturity,
investment, redemption, basis)
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type)
Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng
khon
Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s
sang gi dollar dng thp phn
Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp
phn s sang gi dollar dng phn s
Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley da
trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn
hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin
ti ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v
c dng lm thc o v s phn
hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr
tri phiu)
Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit
trc li sut danh ngha hng nm v
tng s kz thanh ton li kp mi nm
Tnh gi tr kz hn ca s u t da
trn vic chi tr c nh theo kz v li
sut c nh
Tnh gi tr kz hn ca mt vn ban
u sau khi p dng mt chui cc li
sut kp (tnh gi tr kz hn cho mt
u t c li sut thay i)
Tnh li sut cho mt chng khon
u t ton b
Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt
u t da trn vic chi tr c nh
theo kz v da trn li sut khng i
82
IRR (values, guess) Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui
c c lu ng tin mt c th hin
bi cc tr s

ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) Tnh s tin li tr ti mt kz no

i vi mt khon vay c li sut
khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc
phi tr cho kz .

MDURATION (settlement, maturity, Tnh thi hn Macauley sa i cho

coupon, yld, frequency, basis) chng khon da trn ng mnh gi
$100

MIRR (values, finance_rate, Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong

reinvest_rate) mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo
chu kz

NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm,

bit trc li sut thc t v cc kz
tnh li kp mi nm

NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) Tnh s kz hn tr khon vay trong
u t da trn tng chu kz, s tin
tr v t sut li tc c nh

NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u

t bng cch s dng t l chiu khu
vi cc chi khon tr kz hn (tr m) v
thu nhp (tr dng)

ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi

issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, $100 ca chng khon c kz u tin
redemption, frequency, basis) l (ngn hn hay di hn)

ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, Tr v li nhun ca mt chng

issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, khon c kz tnh li u tin l l
redemption, frequency, basis) (ngn hn hay di hn)

83
ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi
last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, $100 ca chng khon c kz tnh li
frequency, basis) phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di
hn)

ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c kz

last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)
frequency, basis)

PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c
li sut khng i v chi tr u n

PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt
kz hn cho i vi mt khon u
t, trong vic chi tr c thc
hin u n theo nh kz vi mt li
sut khng i

PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, Tnh gi tr chng kho n trn ng

redemption, frequency, basis) mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc
theo chu kz

PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100

discount, redemption, basis) ca mt chng kho n chit khu

PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100

issue, rate, yld, basis) ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton
li vo ngy o hn

PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon

u t

RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) Tnh li sut mi kz trong mt nin
kim

REVEICED (settlement, maturity, Tnh s tin nhn c vo kz hn

investment, discount, basis) thanh ton cho mt chng kho n u

84
 t ton b

SLN (cost, salvage, life) Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng
ph p ng thng) ca mt ti sn
trong mt kz

SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca

ti sn trong nh kz x c nh

TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri

discount) phiu cho tri phiu kho bc

TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho

discount) tri phiu kho bc

TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc

VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, Tnh khu hao ti sn s dng trong
end_period, factor, no_switch) nhiu kz

XIRR (values, dates, guess) Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu

ng tin mt khng nh kz

XNPV (rate, values, dates) Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng

tin mt khng nh kz

YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, Tnh li nhun i vi chng khon

redemption, frequency, basis) tr li theo nh kz

YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, Tnh li nhun hng nm cho chng

redemption, basis) kho n chit khu

YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng

issue, rate, pr, basis) khon tr li vo ngy o hn

e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch

DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt
ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt
c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
85
 c ch nh.

DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) m cc cha s liu trong mt ct

ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c
s d liu, theo mt iu kin c
ch nh.

DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) m cc "khng rng" trong mt

ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt
c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c ch nh.

DGET (database, field, criteria) Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt

danh s ch hay c s d liu, khp vi
iu kin c ch nh.

DMAX (database, field, criteria) Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca

mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.

DMIN (database, field, criteria) Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca

mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.

DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca

mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.

DSTDEV (database, field, criteria) c lng lch chun ca mt tp

hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc
s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh
sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo
mt iu kin c ch nh.

86
DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria)
DSUM (database, field, criteria)
DVAR (database, field, criteria)
DVARP (database, field, criteria)
GETPIVOTDATA (data_field,
pivot_table, field1, item1, field2,
item2,...)
Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh
s ch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.
Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp
theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch
s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca
mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt
danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,
theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
c lng s bin thin ca mt tp
hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s
dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca
mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp
hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng
cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct
ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s
d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo
co PivotTable. C th dng
GETPIVOTDATA ly d liu tng kt
t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu
kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt
t trong b o c o .
87
Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l
cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.

* database : L mt dy cc to nn danh s ch hay c s d liu. Mt c s

d liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc
trng (field). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.

* field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho

dng text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...)
hay l s i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...)

* criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho

phn iu kin ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di
tn ct lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng
Criteria nhp iu kin sau y).

HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN

Mt s lu { khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel:

Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng
h ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny
c din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows.

H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca

Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Th ng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy).
Bn c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Th ng/Nm"
(dd/MM/yyyy).

Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui

vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li.

=NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng

=TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng

=DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi

tr kiu ngy thng)

=MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D

88
=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D

=DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s

mt nm c 360 ngy.

=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh

=EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch

nh

Hm HOUR()

Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = HOUR(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)

Hm MINUTE()

Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = MINUTE(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)

=MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng.

=NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr

i ngy ngh v ngy l.

=NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn.

Hm SECOND()

Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian

C php: = SECOND(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian

89
V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)

Hm TIME()

Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no

C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)

hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i

mt bi s ca 24.

minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh

li v tng s gi ln tng ng.

second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li

v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng.

V d:

TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM

TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM

TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM

* Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l

nhng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton
chnh x c hn

Hm TIMEVALUE()

Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian

c th tnh to n c

C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)

time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i

V d:

TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)

=WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng.

90
=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng.

=WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra.

Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm
ny ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6
ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...

Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo th ng 5, lng tnh theo nm,
vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh
vic?

Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v

cho php tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo
kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...):

Hm YEARFRAC()

(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)

C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])

start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc

ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng
mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp
trc tip ngy th ng di dng text.

basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:

* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia
cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.

* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng

* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t

ca tng thng

* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca

tng thng

91
* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc
end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy
30 ca th ng )

V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:

YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%

Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy

Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt

th ng coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!

Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th
s ngy trong mi th ng u c ging nhau.

C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h

thng k ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAY 360.

Hm DAYS360()

C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])

start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc

ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng
mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp
trc tip ngy th ng di dng text.

method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FAL E) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu
u hay theo kiu M.

* FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31
ca th ng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca th ng . Nu end_date l ngy
31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1
ca thng k tip.

* TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo

ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca th ng .

92
V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu
mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)

DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150

DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149

DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151

Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian

Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun

nhng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt
khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic.

Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai
khong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng
ngy ngh kh c c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAY (ng nguyn ngha ca
n: net workdays).

D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun,

ch nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v
tc dng!

Hm NETWORKDAYS()

C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])

start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc

cng vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt
cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy th ng di
dng text.

holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht.
Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi
b trong cp du mc {}.

V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy

10/1/2011, trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):

93
= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"})

Hm DATEDIF()

C l cch d nht khi mun tnh to n ngy th ng nm l dng hm DATEDIF().

C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)

start_day: Ngy u

end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)

unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc

kp)

y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui

md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph

thuc vo s nm v s thng

ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo

s nm v s ngy

yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo

s nm

V d:

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)

DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)

94
*Tnh tui (2):

bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui di thong nh vy:

= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate),

DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())

l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().

By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn

chnh xc:

= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")

V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:

* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri),

DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 39

* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht),

DATEDIF("11/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 38

*Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny

Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr

thi gian khi nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy >
60). V do , khi cn tnh ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc
ny (hoc bt kz lc no), ngi ta thng s dng hm TIME().

V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t

lc ny:

= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))

Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht,

hay giy trong hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng
thm 1 ngy vo ngy th ng nm v thi gian hin ti:

= NOW() + 1

95
Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi
tnh thi gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt
ngy th c 24 gi, nn mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi
th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V
cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c
tnh bng 1/24/60/60.

*Tnh tng thi gian

Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:

* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l
10 gi... Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng
phi 26 gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm
TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn trn.

* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti
lm my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi
gian th Excel n s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn
phi nh dng thi gian cho theo kiu:

[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)

Ly li nh dng ngy thng

i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l{ do g , cell

cha ngy th ng nm n nh sau: 20070823,

ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.

Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m

bn phi dng n hm DATE(year, month, day)

v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), MID() v RIGHT() ly cc tr s ngy,

thng, nm cho hm DATE():

Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4)

s cho ta tr s ca nm, MID(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng

v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy.

96
Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu
dd/mm/yyyy, v cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy
th ng nm,

bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm

trn, ta s c:

=DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), MID(A1, 5, 2), RIGHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007

HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU

Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL

ln trong EXCEL nh k to n, tnh lng, thu...

=ADDRE (row_num, column_num *, abs_num+ *, a1+ *, sheet_text+) Dng

to a ch dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp.

row_num: S th t dng ca a ch

column_num: S th t ct ca a ch

abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i

a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE

sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c

=AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng

tham chiu c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.

reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun

a nhiu vng ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du
phy, nu khng ngn bng du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 di
y)

=CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh.

=COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri

ca vng tham chiu.

97
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN()
tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc.

=COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.

array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu

=HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt

m mt ti liu...

link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t.

Link_location c th ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang
bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc ch n mt nh du (bookmark) trong
Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n mt tp tin lu trn cng,
hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn
ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.

- Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt

no cha ng dn di dng chui k t.

- Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li

khi bn kch vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny.

firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l

mt s, hoc chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch
chn, nu khng c firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th.

- Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt

lin kt n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn.

- Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s

c hin th thay th cho ni dung bn cn.

V d:

=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click

for report")

s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh
budget report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report
98
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh

book2.xls th mc GPE ca F

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh

book2.xls th mc GPE ca F

=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu

=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.

Tm kim trong nhiu ct

i khi, c c d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.

V d, bn c mt danh s ch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.

Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn x c nh chc v.

Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph...

Nhng c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc
mng.

Hm MATCH() c mt c ph p t ngi bit n, l:

=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)

value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)

array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim

V y l c ph p dng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:

{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}

=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])

ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn

nh ngha ca mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.

99
-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!

-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi
ang m, nu khng, INDIRECT() cng b o li #REF!

a1 l gi tr logic x c nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.

a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1

a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1

Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay

tc thi hin th ni dung ca chng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi
mun thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn
thay i cng thc .

=LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr

Hm LOOKUP

Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc

mt mng gi tr.

Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form)

* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy

s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh.

* Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng
gi tr, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui
cng trong mng .

Vector form (dng vec-t)

C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector)

lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th

l mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt
vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr.

100
lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha
lookup_value. Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t
hoc mt gi tr logic.

- lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP()

c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.

- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi

tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.

- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP()

s bo li #NA!

result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr

tr v. Kch thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca
lookup_vector.

^^ Array form (dng mng)

C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array)

lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s,

mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc
mt tham chiu n mt gi tr.

- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln

nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.

- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin

trong array th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA!

array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic.

Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc

HLOOKUP().

Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc dng) u

tin, cn LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng
c khai bo:

101
- Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn dng
u tin.

- Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct

u tin.

- Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn

ct u tin.

- VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) dng c ch nh, cn

LOOKUP() lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng.

- Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th

t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.

Hm GETPIVOTDATA()

Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng

GETPIVOTDATA() ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu
kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong b o c o .

nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo

mun nhn d liu tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co
PivotTable.

C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2,

item2,...)

data_field : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny

phi c t trong mt cp du nhy kp.

pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo

c o PivotTable. Thng tin ny c dng x c nh bo co PivotTable no
cha d liu tr v.

field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v

trc th con s ny ch l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v.
Nhng cp ny c th thuc bt c loi no. Nu tn field v item khng l
ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng trong cp du nh y kp. i vi

102
loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y ng dn ln tn
ca item. Mt cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau:

"[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]"

Lu {:

* Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong

php tnh GETPIVOTDATA.

* Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 b o c o PivotTable, d liu

tr v s l t b o c o c to ra sau cng.

* Nu i s field v c c i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca
s c tr v m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th
g ...

* Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din di dng mt chui

s hoc c thit lp bng c ch dng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin
i khi bng tnh c m mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng
khc vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item tham chiu ti ngy 5 th ng 3 nm 1999
c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5). Thi gian c th c nhp
nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME().

* Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable,

GETPIVOTDATA() s tr v li #REF!

* Nu c c i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm

mt trng khng hin th, GETPIVOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF!

Hm DGET()

Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh s ch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu

kin c ch nh.

C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)

=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu

t mt vng xut pht.

103
y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu.

N dng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy

, vi mt khong c ch c ch nh.

reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut ph t tham chiu n vng

khc. Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s
bo li #VALUE!

rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu

mun di xung, hoc s m nu mun di ln.

cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu
mun di sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.

height: L s dng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.

width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.

Ghi ch:

* Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s

bo li #REF!

* cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi

cao v rng ca vng xut pht (reference)

=ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s

th t dng ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.

reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr

v s th t ct ca cha cng thc.

=ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu.

array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu

=TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li.

Hm TRAN PO E() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn Ctrl-
Shift-Enter sau khi nhp)

104
array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn

Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s

hng trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li
#NA ti nhng b d ra.

=VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr

trn ct u tin v tr v ...

Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct.

Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $

Ct cn ly: vng cn tm.

Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr:

0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh)

1: Sp xp tng dn.

=HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr

trn hng u tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP

HM TON HC V LNG GIC

Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton
i s, gii tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc...

Lu { n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca U . lun nhp p mt gi tr

kiu s bn hy s dng bn phm s.

=ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s

=ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin

=ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol

=ASIN Tnh nghch o sin

=ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol

=ATAN Tnh nghch o tang

105
=ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta

=ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol

=CEILING L trn n bi s gn nht

=COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn

=COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc

=COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol

=DEGREE i radians sang

=EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht.

=EXP Tnh ly tha c s e

=FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s

=FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2

=FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch.

=GCD Tm c s chung ln nht

=INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguyn-

Hm cho gi tr l phn nguyn ca X)

=LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht

=LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s

=LOG Tnh logarit

=LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10

=MDETERM Tnh nh thc ca ma trn

=MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o

=MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn

=MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn d ca php chia a:b

106
=MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc.

=MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s.

=ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht.

=PI Tr v gi tr pi

=POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s

=PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s

=QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia

=RADIAN i sang radians.

=RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1

=RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh

Hm ROMAN()

Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m

C php: = ROMAN(number, form)

number: S cn chuyn i

form: dng chuyn i

0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in

1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu

(xem thm v d)

4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i

Ch :

* number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!

* Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n

107
* Hm ROMAN() ch x l{ c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999
hm s bo li #VALUE!

* au khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh

ton vi n c na

V d:

ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE)

ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV

ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX

ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV

ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE)

ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII

=ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X

Nu n dng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn.

Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn.

=ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero

=ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero.

=SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc

=SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s

=SUM Tnh tng ca cc s

=DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi
tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.

VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.

Hm SUMIF()

Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.

108
C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

Range : Dy c c tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu

n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.

Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d,

criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...

Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh

sum_range = range.

Lu {:

* Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s
tnh tng c x c nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v
bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:

- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l

B1:B5

- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l

B1:B5

- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l

C1:D4

- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l

C1:D4

* C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t,

du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *,
th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *).

* Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch

thng hay ch hoa.

Hm SUMIFS()

Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.

109
C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2,
criteria2, ...)

um_range : Dy c c tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham

chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.

Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin

kt vi c c iu kin cho vng.

Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c

th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32",
hoc "apple", v.v...

Lu {:

* Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c c c iu kin tng

ng vi u ng. Nu tha c c iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n
bng 0.

* Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm

SUMIFS, mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging
nh sum_range.

* C th dng cc k t i din trong c c iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k

t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc
*, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *)

* Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng

hay ch hoa.

Hm SUMSQ()

Dng tnh tng c c bnh phng ca cc s

C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v

trc, con s ny ch l 30)

110
Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham
chiu n mt cha s, v.v...

V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25

Ba hm sau y c c ch dng v c ph p tng t nhau:

Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2()

d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy

c sau:

SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh
phng, X v Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y

Vy, nh ngha v c ch tnh to n ca 3 hm ny l:

= SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng

trong 2 mng d liu

= SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong

2 mng d liu

= SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2

mng d liu

C php:

= SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)

= SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)

= SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)

array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng

Lu {:

* array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo

li #NA!

111
* Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc
rng, th s c b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh.

=TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc

=TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s

=TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s

Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng

gi tr

Sum = Tng-Product = Tch

SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu)

C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)

array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc
th con s ny ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau

Lu {:

* Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE!

* Bt kz mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c

UMPRODUCT coi nh bng 0 (zero)

Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong c c hm hi

kh s dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n
thc s lm c nhiu th hn { ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm
bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s
liu (trong Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khi nh cc
con s ny). Hm UBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel
2003 vi s gia tng c c tuz chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu
ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng
c c tnh nng mi b sung ny.

i s u tin ca ca hm UBTOTAL x c nh hm thc s no s c s

dng khi tnh to n (xem trong danh s ch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th

112
hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l
9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm UM.

SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng
d liu tuz theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht.

C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...)

Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s

c dng tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL

Ref1, ref2: C c vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tnh trn
.

Trong Excel 2010, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th
con s ny ch l 29)

Ghi ch:

* Nu c hm UBTOTAL kh c t lng trong c c i s ref1, ref2,... th cc

hm lng ny s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm tr nh trng hp tnh ton
2 ln.

* i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm

c cc gi tr n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101
n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s
liu (b qua cc gi tr n).

* Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh

Filter (Auto Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1
ging 101...).

* Hm UBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc,

n khng c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang.

* Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-

D (V d v tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo
li #VALUE!

Hm SQRT()
113
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s

C php: = SQRT(number)

number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)

V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16

SQRT(16) = 4

SQRT(A2) = #NUM!

SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4

Hm SQRTPI()

Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979)

C php: = SQRTPI(number)

number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)

V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16

QRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi)

QRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)

Hm SIGN()

Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.

C php: = SIGN(number)

V d:

SIGN(10) = 1

SIGN(4-4) = 0

SIGN(-0.057) = -1

Hm SERIESSUM()

Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:

114
series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m)

C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)

x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha

n : ly tha khi to tng ti x

m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui

coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x

Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li

#VALUE!

V d:

SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426

Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)

=1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426

HM THNG K

Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n

phc tp.

=AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc

=AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s.

=AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr

=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh
cc gi tr trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.

Hm AVERAGEIF()

Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c c c c chn tha mn mt iu

kin cho trc.

C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

115
range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc
tn vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...

criteria : L iu kin di dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui,

qui nh vic tnh trung bnh cho nhng no...

average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng

th Excel dng range tnh.

Lu {:

* Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s

c b qua.

* Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua.

* Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!

* Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0.

* Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF

s bo li #DIV/0!

* Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t

no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l
chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n.

* average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc

thc s c tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range
lm bt u, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range.

Hm AVERAGEIFS()

Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c c c c chn tha mn nhiu

iu kin cho trc.

C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1,

criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)

average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn

vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
116
criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung
bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 vng.

criteria1, criteria2, ... : L c c iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1

n 127 iu kin, di dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui...

Lu {:

* Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li

#DIV/0!

* Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem

nh n bng 0.

* Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0.

* Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin

quy nh cho

* Khng ging nh AVERAGEIF(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch

thc vi average_range

* Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s,

hoc nu khng c no tha tt c c c iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li
#DIV/0!

* C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho c c iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t

no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l
chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n.

Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c

trong vng. Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s.

C php=COUNT(vng)

=COUNTA m s cha d liu

=COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c

trong vng vi iu kin ch ra iu kin.

Hm COUNTIF m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t.

117
=DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng
gi tr s trong ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d
liu.

VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000.

=MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng

=MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht

Hm DMAX()

C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr,

vng tiu chun)

Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu

chun trong vng d liu.

VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht.

=MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng

=MINA Tm gi tr nh nht

Hm DMIN()

C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng

tiu chun)

Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu

chun trong vng d liu.

VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht.

=RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s.

Vng cn so s nh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $

Hm DVARP()

C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)

118
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch
s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

Hm DVAR()

C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)

c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s

dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,
theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

Hm DSUM()

C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)

Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo

mt iu kin c ch nh.

Hm DSTDEVP()

C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)

Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s

dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,
theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

Hm DSTDEV()

C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)

c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s

liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu
kin c ch nh.

Hm DPRODUCT()

C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)

Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,

theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

119
m s rng trong bng tnh

Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d

liu cn kim tra.

m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s

Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng

d liu cn kim tra.

m s b li

Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d

liu cn kim tra.

HM X L VN BN V D LIU
Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn
i chui vn bn trong Excel.

Hm ASC()

Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn

ng s dng b k t double-byte.

C php: = ASC(text)

text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt

kz mu t no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i.

V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel

=CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t

=CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp

=CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin

Hm CONCATENATE

Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau

Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)

120
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn)
Gii php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn

=DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t

Hm EXACT

Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.

Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2)

Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa.

Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng,

s tr v tr FALSE

V d:

=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii ph p") TRUE

=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Ph p") FAL E

=FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn

=LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X

=LEN Tnh di mt chui

=LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng.

=PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa

Hm MID Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui

Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n)

Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m.

text: chui vn bn cn trch xut

start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang

num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra

121
- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng

- start_num phi l s nguyn dng

- Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng

V d: =MID("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7, 9) Elizabeth

Hm REPLACE

Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da

vo s k t c ch nh

Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)

old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l

start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang

num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th

new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v

num_chars

Ci kh ca hm ny l x c nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao

bit c bt u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh:

- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc EARCH() x c nh v tr bt u (start_num)

- Dng hm LEN() x c nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)

V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007

Dng cng thc nh sau:

=REPLACE(A1, FIND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Budget for

2008

Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007

Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k

t ty theo s ch nh ca bn

122
Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n)

Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X

text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t

num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1

- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng

- Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b

chui text

V d: =RIGHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7) Hammond

=REPT Lp li mt chui

=SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui x c nh

Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH

Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt

chui

Cng thc:

=FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])

=SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])

find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)

within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)

start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1)

Mt s lu {:

- Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num)

ca find_text trong within_text

- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt kz. V d: SEARCH("e",

"Expenses") s cho kt qu l 1.

123
- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch
thng. V d: FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4.

- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE

- C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong find_text ca hm SEARCH()

- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k

t ( ~* hoc l ~?)

=TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text.

Hm T

Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v

chui rng - Kim tra d liu kiu text

Cng thc: =T(value)

Hm ny t khi c dng.

Hm SUBSTITUTE

Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny

cng tng t hm REPLACE(), nhng d s dng hn.

Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num])

text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l

old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th

new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo

instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c

old_text tm c s c thay th bng new_text

V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007

Dng cng thc nh sau:

= UB TITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Budget

for 2008
124
HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One Substring for
Another)

C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n

bng on vn kh c.

Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng c ch dng hm. l hm

REPLACE v hm SUBSTITUTE.

=TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui.

=UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa.

Hm VALUE

Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s

Cng thc: =VALUE(text)

text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt kz mt thi gian no min l

c Excel cng nhn.

Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng,

s tr v tr FALSE

V d:

trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()

=RIGHT(" QA6500", 4) 6500

Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RIGHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn

chia cng tr g vi c i "6500" ny c.

c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:

=VALUE(RIGHT(" QA6500",4)) 6500

Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.

*Trch xut h v tn (v d dng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)

125
C ch lm l dng hm FIND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v
tn, sau dng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn
h.

ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm

cell A2):

=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1)

Ngha l dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v

d n l v tr th 5,

khi hm LEFT() s x c nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).

ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:

=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2))

Bn t dch cu ny nh!

*Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c

vit tt)

Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt

cht, trch thm phn tn m.

Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E.

Hammond

u tin, nh bi trn, dng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name):

=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen

Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin

(sau ch Karen).

tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm

(start_num) l 7, hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1:

=FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)

126
Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm RIGHT() trch ra
phn H (last name):

=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammond

trch phn tn m, dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a

vo trong cng thc ca hm MID() tm k t ng trc du chm:

=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E

HM LOGIC

Hm AND

C l khi gii thch nh. AND c ngha l V. Vy thi. Dng hm ny khi mun
ni n ci ny v ci ny v ci ny......

C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)

logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E)

Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn

1 trong cc biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE.

Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm

AND() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().

V d:

=IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")

Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt
trong 2 B2 hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.

=FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l
mt biu thc c gi tr FALSE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny

Hm IF

=IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin

theo gi tr v cng thc

127
C php: IF (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi
tr 1, ngc li hm nhn gi tr 2

Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti c i ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci

kia".. C l trong chng ta ai cng hiu.

Mt tnh hung n gin nht

C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true)

logical_test: Mt biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E)

value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng

(TRUE)

V d:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!")

Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l

"It's big!", cn khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE.

Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca

mt danh mc hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh
s b n ra khng t yu cu iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh,
bng cch gn nhng du "<" bn cnh n, h phn trm doanh s cng thp
th nhng du hiu "<" cng nhiu...

Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu:

=IF(cell<0, flag)

Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t,

v d, cell cha gi tr doanh s l B2:

=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<")

nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th

dng hm REPT(), vi cng thc:

REPT("<" , B2 * -100)

128
 y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng
hp B2<0

V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt

hng s l:

=IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100))

Nhng hm IF lng nhau

Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci

nu", phi khng cc bn.

Chng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi ko di n

v tn!

Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh

(TB) ln hn 9 th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th d? Cha, TB nh hn 9
nhng ln hn 7 th kh c i , ri TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th
trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi l d (ci ny ti ch v d
thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh).

Khi , chng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia.
Sau ny chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.

V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")

Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng

ch l "big" ? C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")

Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n kh c " mall" ch (tui khng
ln, cha chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha " mall" th xem:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))

Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min

l ng sai c php ca IF().
129
V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not
big"))

Ch cn mt lu {, l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m
khng ng lc hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt
qu sai y.

Hm IFERROR

Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng

kh m tr nh c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li
#DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0, hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti,
gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt vi A hoc B b xa i...

Tuy nhin, i lc chng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d

s t ra mt tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI.

C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)...

MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc.

Nu biu thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc
khng c li, ISERROR() tr v gi tr FALSE.

V chng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF:

=IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression)

Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult

(mt rng, hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu
thc .

V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B)

Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu
thc hai ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False
ca IF()

130
C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm
cho cng thc ca chng ta tr nn kh dng hn,

bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta phi thay i nguyn c

cng thc.

Excel 2010 dng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v

ISERROR li thnh mt, l IFERROR()

C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error)

_____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li

_____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li

Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n

c li th ly ci biu thc value_if_error.

V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l

=IFERROR(A/B, "")

Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu.

=NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca c c i s

Hm OR

OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay

ci kia... c i no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci!

C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)

logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E)

Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1

trong cc biu thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE.

Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun,

nhng thng th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().

V d:

131
=IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")

Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th

(thng) 1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng
chi c.

=TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l
mt biu thc c gi tr TRUE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny

B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc

V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh di y c cha mt s gp

li chia cho 0 (#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng.

tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng

thc mng nh sau:

{=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))}

(ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng)

X c nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter)

Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny

trong ct B th kt qu s l 2).

Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s

(B ch khng phi l 2), th lm sao?

y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh

chy t A n Z, t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!)

C mt hm gip chng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm

CELL("address"), v d $A$2, hoc $B$10...

Hm CELL(info_type [,reference])

Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng

bi sau)

132
V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell
c cha cng thc CELL().

Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc

CELL() vi info_type l "address"

Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du

dollar ($) trong c i a ch tuyt i ny.

Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch

tuyt i ca cell:

=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)

C i kh l c i num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v
d: A, AA hoc AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi:

FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2

Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong c i a ch tuyt

i ca cell, v bt u tm t v tr th 3 trong c i a ch ny.

Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $

th hai trong a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct,

phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 c i $, lc ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca
tn ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch)

By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau:

=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2)

Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc.

Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt

c i g tham chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci
"address"

V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:

133
=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2)
AGH

Lp m s t ng

C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng

cch dng vi k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi
mt con s.

C ch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng

nhng hm x l{ vn bn v chui.

Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2.

Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho

n thnh nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc:

UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3))

Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t

ng: ROW(A2),

v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc:

TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000")

V y l cng thc hon chnh:

=UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000")

Hm BETADIST()

Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

Thng thng hm ny c dng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm

cc mu, v d nh khong thi gian m ngi ta dng xem TV trong mt
ngy chng hn.

C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)

x : Gi tr gia A v B, dng tnh mt hm.

134
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.

A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.

B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.

Lu {:

* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li

#VALUE!

* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETADI T() tr v gi tr li #NUM!

* Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!

* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng

phn phi tch ly beta chun ha.

Hm BETAINV()

Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)

Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc

sut, bit trc thi gian b sung kz vng v bin i.

C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B)

Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.

alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.

A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.

B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.

Lu {:

* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!

* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!

* Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!

135
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng
phn phi tch ly beta chun ha.

* BETAINV() s dng phng ph p lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi

probability cho trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong
0.0000003. Nu BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li
#NA!

V d:

BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2

Hm BINOMDIST()

Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.

BINOMDI T() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc

php th, khi kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc
php th l c lp, v khi xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th
nghim.

V d, c th dng BINOMDI T() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr

c sinh ra l b trai.

C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)

Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th.

Trials : S ln th.

Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.

Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic x c nh hm tnh xc sut.

= 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l x c sut c s ln

thnh cng number_s ln nht.

= 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi

lng xc sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s.

Lu {:

136
* Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr
thnh s nguyn.

* Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v

gi tr li #VALUE!

* Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li

#NUM!

* Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li

#NUM!

V d:

BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781

BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125

Hm CHIDIST()

Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-squared dng so snh cc

gi tr quan st vi cc gi tr kz vng.

V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc

cy trng s tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh
cc gi tr quan s t c vi cc gi tr kz vng, c th thy c gi thit ban
u l ng hay sai.

C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)

x : Gi tr dng tnh phn phi.

degrees_freedom : S bc t do.

Lu {:

* Nu c c i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!

* Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!

137
* Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b
ct b tr thnh s nguyn.

* Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi

tr li #NUM!

* CHIDI T() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin
ngu nhin chi-squared.

V d:

CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001

Hm NORMINV()

Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun.

C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)

probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun

mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi

standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi

Lu {:

* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE!

* Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMINV() s bo li #NUM!

* Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM!

* Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun.

* NORMINV() s dng phng ph p lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV()

khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!

138
 Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu
trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.

Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:

nh du cc mun c sp xp

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:

Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin

Kch Add Level

Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp

Kch OK

139
Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh.
s dng b lc:

Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc

Trn tab Home, kch ort & Filter

Kch nt Filter

Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin

Kch Text Filter

Kch Words bn mun lc

140
 ko p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter

Kch Clear

4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart

141
L nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel. Chng c th bin
nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thnh
nhng con s c ngha. PivotTable v PivotChart rt d s dng, nhng chng
cng c mt s vn phc tp khng th trnh khi.

Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart

To mt bo co PivotTable n gin
Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:

y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt

PivotTable. D liu thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th
thao, i din cho 3 min (region) trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy
12/6/2005). Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng c th thao, ct E l
tng doanh thu, v cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi tit ca tng mt hng.

y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li da vo bng tnh :

Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ?

142
 Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng kh ch nht?

Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no b n c nhiu nht?

Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht?

Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt

PivotTable thy c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min.

bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang chn mt (bt kz no) nm

trong vng cha d liu m bn mun to PivotTable. Ri, bn nhn nt
PivotTable nm trong nhm Insert ca thanh Ribbon:

Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:

143
Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44)
c nhp sn trong hp Table/Range. Nu nh c c nt ty chn c chn
ging ht trong hnh: Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy nhn
OK ng hp thoi ny.

Excel s to mt Sheet mi, v n s trng ging nh hnh sau y:

Ngi ta gi y l c i v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy:

bn tri l vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau
khi bn hon tt mt PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List,
l ni m bn s quyt nh nhng d liu no s c hin th trn
PivotTable, v cch sp xp ca chng. Ti s trnh by vi bn chi tit v ci
PivotTable Field List ny trong mt bi khc. Cn by gi bn c tip tc .

Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy nhn vo mc Region chn

n (hoc bn nhn vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy
mc Region ny t ng xut hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field

144
List, ng thi PivotTable cng t ng hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest,
Northeast v South trong ct A:

Tip tc, bn nhn vo Camping chn n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut
hin trong vng Values pha cui PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B
hin th tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ng vi mi min.

Cui cng, bn nhn vo c i mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of

Camping trong khung Values, chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.

145
Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format.
Hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, chn Currency. Xong nhn OK hai
ln ng tt c cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s ging nh sau hnh say.
Nu thch, v cng d xem hn, bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row
Labels, sa n li thnh Region:

146
Hy vng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n
rt n gin, v nu c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni
thm mt vi kha cnh khc ca PivotTable:

Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin.
Nhng Field c chn vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c
mt du kim ngay bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng
bn di ca PivotTable Field List, cho chng ta bit vai tr ca chng trong
PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn vo mt bt kz trong vng
bo co PivotTable. Cn nu khng mun kch hot n, th bn ch vic nhn ra
ngoi, bt kz ch no trong bng tnh.

Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt

nt mi tn x xung (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc
nng AutoFilter. Nhn vo , bn c th la chn nhng mc mun xem
thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n l Select All (xem tt c). V d,
bn ch mun xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring min Midwest m
thi, bn nhn vo nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn vo
mc Midwest, bn s c kt qu nh hnh sau:

147
To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct

V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng b o c o PivotTable n gin nht.

Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c
nhiu ct cng nh nhiu hng hn.

Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng

video:

148
Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thit k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng
trong bng i din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct
B). Con s ct Title l s lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca
chng ta l to mt PivotTable trnh by nhng thng tin mt dng d
xem hn.

C c bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. Nu bn
lm ng, hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s ging nh sau:

149
Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn chn c ba.
Excel s lm gip bn cc vic sau:

em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels

em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles

Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable

Kt qu c minh ha hnh sau y:

150
C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng ging ci hnh ny. Nu nh
bn mun n ging ht hnh ny, hy nhn nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca
hng no trong ct A (Clarkville chng hn), chn lnh Field Setting, ri bn
nh du vo cc ty chn ca tab Layout & Print ging nh ti lm trong
hnh sau y; v nu nh c i tn trong A3 ang l RowLabels, hy i n
thnh Store. Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.

151
Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh x c, nhng n khng phi l ci
ti mun. Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt
hng, u l Row Labels; cn ti th mun Category phi l mt ct ring, l
Column Labels.

Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai

cch:

Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy

nhn vo nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v chn lnh Move To
Column Labels.

Nu nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc

Category ra khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels.

Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable ging nh sau:

152
So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng
bo co ny, chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi
video gia cc ca hng vi nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim
gia cc th loi video ca mt ca hng vi nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo
PivotTable, bn c th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu phim hnh ng
nht, phi khng?

Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Field t Row Labels sang Column Labels,
lm cho PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t dc thnh ngang. Ch
"xoay", trong ting Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch?

Nu nh t ny gi, bn va c bi ny, va t thc hnh, th bn hy lu li

bng tnh. Chng ta s s dng PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau: To mt
biu xoay (PivotChart). Hn gp li.

153
To mt PivotChart

Mt PivotChart chng c g kh c hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d

liu ca mt PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng
tm thy nhng biu bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart
cng ging nh bt kz mt biu no trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc
biu , hoc vic nh dng cho n, chng c g khc.

Nu bn bit chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra

PivotTable v PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v nhn vo nt PivotTable trong
nhm Insert trn thanh Ribbon (nh ti trnh by bi 1), bn hy nhn vo
c i mi tn nh di c i nt , v chn lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s
gp hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi trn, nhng khi to xong
PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i km theo.

By gi chng ta s hc cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn

thc hnh bi s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc
bc sau:

Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. Nu nh khng mun

thy ci hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi
ny c th bt tt bt c lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm
PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon):

Nhn nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh

Ribbon. Excel s hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:

154
 Chn Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu
tng th hai (stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay
phi.

Nhn OK to biu .

Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng ( tore) c i din bi

mt "bar" trong biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim
(Category) c trong ca hng , c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.

155
Khi bn nhn vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp
thoi PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis
Fields v Legend Fields trong hp thoi ny lc cc d liu, iu chnh
PivotChart hin th hay khng hin th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt
kz vic lc d liu no bn thc hin trong hp thoi ny, cng s c p
dng trong PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng thay i trong
PivotTable.

V d, ti nhn vo Axis Fields, v ch chn hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd.

Biu s t ng v li nh sau:

156
Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable
Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable:

S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt Workbook

S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt Workbook khc

S dng d liu kt hp t nhiu ngun kh c nhau nhng c cu trc

ging nhau (consolidate ranges)

S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc

Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny.

157
S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel

C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu

ca mt bng tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm
trong cng mt bng tnh, nh c trnh by bi 1.

Mi vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng

tnh cha d liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thit k theo dng mt List
(trong Excel 2003), mt Table (Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau:

Hng u tin cha tn cc Field (hoc tn ca cc ct)

Hng th hai v nhng hng tip theo cha d liu

Khng c hng b trng, nhng c th c nhng trng

tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi

"Phn tch d liu vi cc Table".

Nu c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c chn khi bn

m hp thoi Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng x c nh a ch ca ton b
vng d liu v nhp n vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. Nu bn
mun x c nh chnh x c a ch ca vng d liu ngun, bn c th chn mt
trong 3 cch sau:

Chn mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng

d liu s c nhp vo t ng

Nhp trc tip a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp

thoi

S dng nt Select trong hp thoi chn vng d liu

158
C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bit vng d liu nm
u, l to mt ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn
vic nhp a ch hoc chn vng d liu mi khi bn mun tham chiu n
chng.

Tuy nhin, nu bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun

cho PivotTable, th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table
c sn mt ci tn, khi bn to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun,
bn ch vic nhp trc tip ci tn ny vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp
thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu ngun ca PivotTable l
mt dy c tn l SalesData:

159
S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc

Nu d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm tron mt bng tnh khc, cc

bc th to PivotTable hi kh c mt t. Bn s phi x c nh dy (a ch)
cha d liu ngun, v tn ca workbook cha d liu ngun.

Cch d nht thc hin vic ny, l m ng thi hai bng tnh. Mt ci s
cha PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo c c bc sau:

Chn (kch hot) workbook s to PivotTable.

Nhn nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi

Create PivotTable.

Hy chc chn rng ty chn Select a Table or Range ang c chn.

Nhn nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp

thoi Create PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:

Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot
n. Bn s vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh".

Chn dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c

tn ca workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create
PivotTable "nh":

Nhn vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn

vng chn v ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln".

Nhn OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to.

Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp

nht (update) PivotTable nu ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti.
160
Khi bng tnh cha d liu ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa,
bn s khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel s hin th mt thng bo li nu
bn c lm vic .

C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong

cng mt bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny,
tht ra rt hu ch, nht l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn
bit nhng bng tnh cha mt bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no.
Khi t PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc, bn vn c th c c nhng
thng k, m khng cn thit phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc khi bn mun
thng k d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt workbook
trung gian, cha nhiu PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d
liu ngun ring.

C mt iu bn cn nn bit, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t

"refresh" d liu, ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun
thay i, bt k d liu ngun nm trong cng mt workbook vi PivotTable
hay nm trong mt worbook khc. Vic tnh ton li bng tnh (recalculated)
cng khng cp nht li d liu cho PivotTable.

Bn phi thc hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch:

Nhn chut phi vo PivotTable v chn lnh Refresh Data

Nhn vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon

(bn ch thy tab ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).

S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation

Ranges)

Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu

trc), tht ra khng phc tp nh c i tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt
161
PivotTable da trn hai hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc
version trc). Nhng ngun d liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh,
hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh kh c nhau. Nhng, chc nng Create
PivotTable ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n gi, li khng
h tr Multiple Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty chn ny. s dng
c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng
PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version
trc ca Excel. Trong Excel 2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i.
gi n ra, bn phi s dng nhng phm tt dng gi PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard trong Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P.

Nu nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt gi lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003,

th bn c th s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010
th chng ging g Menu Bar ca Excel 2003.

s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m

bn mun dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c
ngha l tt c nhng tiu ct (nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng
(nm trong ct u tin bn tri) phi ging ht nhau. Nu nh c mt hng
no, hoc ct no nm ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp vo trong
bo co PivotTable.

y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple

Consolidation Ranges:

khi ng "Wizard", bn hy nhn Alt+D ri nhn thm phm P. V ti Step

1, nhn vo ty chn Multiple Consolidation Ranges:

162
Sau khi nhn Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty chn:

Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page

Field n, vi mi vng d liu ngun l mt mc (item) trong Page
Field . Page Field c th tm hiu nh l chc nng lc "cp 1" ca
PivotTable. Trong ca s PivotTable Field Lists, Page Field chnh l
nhng mc nm trong khung Report Filter. Nu khng c, xem nh Page
Field = All (xem tt c cc d liu).

I will create the page fields Dng ty chn ny t to cc Page

Field ca ring bn. Bn c th to ti a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field
lc ra mt thnh phn no ca cc d liu.

To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for
me
Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s
thy c 3 danh sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c
th cho cc b phn. V c 3 danh s ch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu
ca cc hng, ct ny l ging nhau. to mt PivotTable da vo 3 danh
sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo c c bc ti
trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty

163
chn Create a Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc
bc sau:

Nhn vo nt Select bn phi hp Range

Chn dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh.

Nhn li vo nt Select a dy va chn vo trong khung Range.

Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, m ch cn dng chut chn trc tip dy A3:B9
trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu l bn nhn nt Select ri, nn cng s b qua
lun bc 3 ny. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy bng chut, Excel s a bn vo
thng bc 4 sau y.

Nhn nt Add thm dy va chn vo trong danh sch All Ranges.

Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 chn v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai

dy D3:D9 v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s ging nh sau:

Nhn Next sang Step 3.

Ti y, bn c th chn New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt

Sheet mi, hoc chn Existing worksheet v nhn chut vo ni bn
mun to PivotTable ngay trong bng tnh ny.

Click Finish.

164
Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:

Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn x xung, bn c

th dng n lc ra ct mun xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu
ngun ch c mt ct (Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng
nu cc d liu ngun ca bn c nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn
Row Labels cng c mt mi tn x xung, dng lc ra nhng hng mun
xem. Nhng nt x xung ny l im c trng m bn c th thy trong tt
c cc PivotTable.

Cn nt x xung ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn lc ra d

liu ngun no mun xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi nhn vo n. Cc
mc Item1, Item2 v Item3 tham chiu n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng
lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable. Bn c th chn tng hp d liu theo tt c
cc ngun (All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . Nu mun tng hp nhiu hn 1
ngun d liu, bn phi nhn vo ty chn Select Multiple Items.

165
Bn hy th s dng cc nt x xung bn cnh c c nhn, xem chng lm
vic nh th no. Lc l mt trong chc nng quan trng nht ca mt
PivotTable, bn cn hiu r cch lc ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng tip
cn vi nhng chc nng cao cp hn.

Trong PivotTable m chng ta thc hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total,

l mt mc nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng
ta ch c 1 ct, nn khng cn thit n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b
ci ct ny i trong bi sau.

To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c cng

cu trc
Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d
liu kiu nh: B o c o doanh thu qu{ I, B o c o doanh thu qu{ II, B o c o
doanh thu qu III, v.v..., bn nn s dng PivotTable, vi ty chn th 2 khi
ang trong Step 2a ca PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard: I will create the
page fields.

Ty chn ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu

trc, m nhng ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng
tng hp (theo qu{, theo nm, theo th ng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:

166
y l 4 bng tng hp s hc sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng
hc kz trong hai nm hc 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ...
Semester ....

Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc

bc ti trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo
ty chn I will create the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo
c c bc sau:

1. Nhp khi d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range

2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges

3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 khi d liu cn li (D2:D8,

A11:B17, v D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny,
mn hnh ca bn s ging nh hnh sau:

167
4. Nhn vo ty chn 2 phn How many page fields do you want?

5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and

PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c
ti a 4 trang tng hp).

6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi { tng cho vic

thng k d liu. Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch
khc, bn cn thng k d liu theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu
ca 4 d liu ngun. chng ta c hai nm hc: 2005 v 2006, v hai
hc kz (semester): hc kz 1 v hc kz 2. Vy, { tng hay nht, c l l
thng k theo nm lc ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v
ng thi cng thng k theo tng hc kz, lc ra d liu ca tng hc
kz hoc c 2 hc kz. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l{
do ti sao bc 4 trn y, ti ni bn nhn vo ty chn 2. Mi bn
tip tc:

168
7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, chn dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu
ca hc kz 1 nm 2002.

8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one.

9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two.

10. Chn tip dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca hc kz 1 nm 2003.

11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one.

12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th

chn n t nt mi tn x xung.

13. Chn dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca hc kz 2 nm 2002.

14. Chn Year 2002 t nt mi tn x xung cho Field one.

15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.

169
 16. Chn dy cui cng: D11:E17, chn Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester
2 cho Field two t c c nt mi tn x xung.

Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt

Sheet khc, ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta ging nh sau, l mt PivotTable
tng hp tt c s hc sinh t yu cu ca c hai nm hc 2002 v 2003,
thng k chi tit theo tng mn hc:

Nu bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai la chn: Year 2002 v Year 2003;

cng vy, khi nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai la chn: Semester 1 v
Semester 2.

Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i

bng cch: nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v chn Remove
Grand Total t menu m ra.

170
To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co
PivotTable c

La chn cui cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable

hoc mt PivotChart c. Ni c ch kh c, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt
PivotTable c lm Raw Data cho b o c o th hai.

C hai c ch to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable c:

Nu bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic gi lnh to mt PivotTable

nh vn thng lm, v chn mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun
cho n.

Nu bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty

chn Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty chn ny
ch xut hin khi bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable).
Sau khi bn nhn Next, bn s thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc
PivotChart ang c, ri bn chn mt c i lm d liu ngun.

Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt

PivotTable khc? Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn

171
PivotTable th hai s c cng mt d liu ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht.
Nhng vi vic nh dng cho bn PivotTable th hai, bn s to ra c hai
cch xem cho cng mt d liu ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii php x l
d liu. V d, bn c mt PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn
mt t rc ri (v d liu c nhiu vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt
PivotTable na da vo PivotTable c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th
hn, d xem hn v d liu ngun.

Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable

c, s t chim dng b nh h thng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu
ngun. Thit ngh y cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l
nhng d liu ln.

S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable

Excel c mt s cng c c thit k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn
s thy nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c
mt PivotTable c kch hot.

Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design

Tm hiu PivotTable Field List

C l cng c m bn s phi ng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi

PivotTable l Field List. Bn dng Field List ch ra loi d liu no s c
a vo b o c o PivotTable, v sp xp chng trong bo co.

Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi

, PivotTable Field List hin th tt c nhng Field c trong d liu ngun. y
l mt v d:

172
 Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List, cha c field no c
chn
thm mt field no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo
hp kim ngay bn cnh tn field. Excel s thm field vo mt trong 4 vng
nm phn di ca PivotTable Field List.

Bn vng ny l:

1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c

dng lc ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th
nhng d liu no tha mn iu kin ca Report Filter.

2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s

c dng lm tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable.

3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c

dng lm tiu hng cho bo co PivotTable.
173
 4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh
tng theo mc nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca
PivotTable, ni c ch kh c, y chnh l nhng thng k t d liu ngun,
m bn mun c khi s dng PivotTable.

Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bit bn mun em

field vo vng no ? n gin thi: Nu field ch cha nhng d liu l s,
th n s c em vo trong vng Values, cn nu field c cha nhng loi
d liu khc (text, ngy thng...) th n s c em vo trong vng Row
Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng no th khng quan
trng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc, nu
thy cn thit.

Xem v d sau y, minh ha mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s

bit cch to ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc
vng m ti nh s trong hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti
va trnh by trn.

1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter

ca bo co ( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng lc ton b d liu
ngun.

2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l c c tiu hng ca bo

co PivotTable.

3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l c c tiu ct ca

bo co PivotTable.

4. Camping (chnh x c hn, l um of Camping) c t trong vng

Values, v n l cc d liu c lc ra trong bo co PivotTable.

Bi tip theo s trnh by cch s dng Field List sp xp cch trnh by mt

PivotTable theo nh { bn mun.

174
 ........
PivotTable Field List, vi cc field c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di

175
S dng PivotTable Field List

bi trc, bn bit rng khi a mt Field vo trong mt vng ca Field

List, th n s nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni c ch kh c, vic a Field
vo mt trong bn vng ca Field List s nh hng th no n cu trc ca
PivotTable. Bi ny s trnh by cho bn thay i cu trc bng cch s
dng Field List.

Trc ht, mi bn m file SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cui bi ny). Yu

cu t ra l thng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) b n
c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region).

Bn theo c c bc sau:

1. Nhn con tr vo bt kz no trong vng d liu.

2. Nhn nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create

PivotTable.

3. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u

176
 4. Trong Field List, chn (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store,
Region, Camping, v Date.

Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s ging hnh 3.5.

PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa

Bn thy y. Field Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi
Excel thy chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s. Field Region v Date c em
vo trong vng Row Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng
v text.

D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc

hn, v c bn th n ch c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l thng k
lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) b n c theo ca hng

177
(Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm
t c mc ch, l sp xp li cc field trong cc vng ca Field List.

Bn c th di chuyn mt field sang vng khc bng hai cch:

Click vo field mun di chuyn v r (drag) n vo trong vng khc.

Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn cnh tn field ( trong mt vng no

), ri chn lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mun
di field ny n).

Dng nt mi tn x xung di field Region vo vng Report Filter

V thc hin nhng vic sau:

Di field Region vo vng Report Filter

Di field Store (ang mang tn l um of tore) vo vng Column Labels

PivotTable ca bn lc ny s ging nh hnh sau:

178
 PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa
Cui cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t:

Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung cnh field Sum of Camping trong vng

Values

Chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi

Value Field Settings.

179
 Chn Value Field Setting cho field Sum of Camping
Nhn vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen
thuc.

180
 Nhn nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells
Chn loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri nhn OK hai ln tr v
PivotTable.

PivotTable ca bn cui cng s ging nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g

chng ta mun.

181
 PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu

Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List

Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn nhn chut vo bt kz ch

no trong PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field
List s t ng m ra. Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng
cch nhn vo nt Field List trn Ribbon Options (v nhn vo mt ln na
m n ra li).

Nhn vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List

Cng ging nh mi hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Field List ti bt kz
ni no bn thch bng cch nhn vng tiu ca hp thoi v r chut i,
hoc thu nh n li hay m rng n ra bng cch nhn v ko cc cnh bin.

182
Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Field pha trn, v
sp xp 4 vng d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay
i s sp xp ny bng cch nhn vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca
hp thoi Field List, v chn 1 trong 5 kiu hin th t menu m ra:

Chn cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List

Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty chn na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer
Layout Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong
PivotTable.

183
 Nhn vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable
Bnh thng, ty chn ny khng c bt. Bt kz nhng thay i no ca bn
trong hp thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc field, thit lp nh dng s
cho mt field no , v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable.
Nu bn c mt PivotTable ln, phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun
d liu t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp nht ny s din ra kh chm chp
v mt thi gian. Bn c th bt ty chn Defer Layout Update tm ngng
vic t ng cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc Field vo cc
vng d liu, bn nhn nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp
nht cng mt lc.

184
 Chng 5: Th Trong Excel
Gii thiu th
th gip trnh by c c s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh c c hnh nh trc
quan, d hiu. th c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do
khi thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng
ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th cha bao gi d dng v p nh by
gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th kh c nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch kh c
nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau
khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi hc ny. th l mt i tng
(object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh
vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi th l
th nm trong WorkSheet (cn gi l Embedded chart) v Chart heet.
chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi th ny ta lm nh sau: Chn th Chart
Tools Design Location Move Chart chn Object in + Tn Sheet ( th
nm trong Worksheet) hay chn New sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.

Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart

185
V th
Phn ny trnh by c c bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s
ty chn ca th. Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca c c nhm kh ch
hng phn theo tui c cho nh hnh bn di, nu chng ta dng kt
qu ny b o c o cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin b o c o s sinh ng v
thuyt phc hn nu chng ta bin c c con s ny thnh th c nhn
thy mt c ch trc quan hn.

ng s liu nghin cu

Hy lm theo c c bc sau v th: B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn

lun c c nhn ca c c ct. B2. Chn kiu th t Ribbon Insert Charts.
Mi nhm th bao gm nhiu kiu kh c nhau, v d chng ta chn nhm
Column Clustered Column.

186
 Chn kiu th
B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy
nhin chng ta c th i c c b tr ca c c thnh phn trn th. hn th
Chart Tools Design Chart Layout Chn c ch b tr thch hp. V d ta
chn kiu Layout 3 trong Chart Layout.

187
 La chn layout
B4. o c c chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design
Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh ny khi c c th
bc trn cha hin th ng nh mong mun. V d chng ta mun nhm c c
nhm tui li d so s nh gia c c th ng vi nhau.

o dng ct

188
B5. Nu thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu kh c
bng c ch: Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi
Insert Chart hin th lit k ton b c c kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho
bn la chn.

Hp thoi Insert Chart v chn kiu th khc

B6. Ngoi ra, nu bn thy tng mu ca th cha p th vo chn Chart
Tools Design Chart Styles chn More ( ).

189
 Chn Chart Style

Cc thao tc trn th
Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th

Cc thnh phn thng dng

190
 1. Chart Title 7. Horizontal Axis

2. Chart Area 8. Data Table

3. Plot Area 9. Horizontal Axis

itle

4. Data Label 10. Vertical

Gridlines

5. Legend 11. Vertical Axis

6. Horizontal 12. Vertical Axis

Gridlines Title

Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th -D

Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th

Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn c c cnh bn ca th

Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th

Column depth: su ca c c thnh phn biu din chui s liu di

dng 3-D.

b. Cc thao tc vi th

Chn thnh phn trn th

C ch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn chn, thnh phn c
chn s c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh.

Khi th c chn, chng ta c th dng c c phm mi tn di

chuyn n c c thnh phn trong th.

Ngoi ra, bn c th chn c c thnh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current

Selection

191
 Chn thnh phn trn th

Di chuyn th
th l Embedded Chart, nhp tr i chut ln th vng Chart Area chn
th di chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k{ hiu mi tn 4 chiu
(xem hnh di).

Gi tr i chut v di chuyn th n ni kh c.

Thay i kch thc th

th l Embedded Chart, hp tr i chut ln th vng Chart Area chn
th cn thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm.

Di chuyn chut vo c c nt ny, gi tr i chut v ko hng v tm th

thu nh v hng ra ngoi phng to.

Sao chp th
Chn th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di
chuyn n mt no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> d n th vo.

Xa th
Chn th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart heet, trc
tin hy chn Chart heet, sau nhp phi chut v chn Delete t menu
ng cnh hin ra.

Thm cc thnh phn ca th

192
Chn th chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dng c c nhm
lnh to c c thnh phn tng ng trn th c thit k sn nh ta ,
ch thch, c c nhn, ng li,

Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th
Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch,
nhn. Mun di chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut chn n, sau
nhp v gi tr i ti cnh ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th.

Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout chn t c c danh s ch thit k

sn.

xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut chn thnh phn v nhn

phm Delete.

Cc thnh phn trn th

In th
In th cng ging nh in c c i tng kh c ca Excel lu { Print Preview
trc khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung.

Nu bn mun in th thnh mt trang ring th hy chn th v nhp

nt Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang chn.

Hiu chnh v nh dng th

Vic hiu chnh v nh dng c c thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon

hay dng c c hp thoi. C ch d thc hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh
phn cn nh dng v chn Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. au y l minh ha
hiu chnh v nh dng mt s thnh phn ca th.

Hiu chnh Chart Area

193
 Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng
cho Chart Area bnh c ch: chn Chart Area nhp phi chut chn Format
Chart Area

nh dng Chart Area

Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape

Styles c cung cp rt nhiu mu nh dng dng sn rt p.

Ghi ch:

Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang chn

Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh

phn ang chn
194
 Border Styles: C c kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang chn.

Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang chn

3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang chn.

nh dng b ng ibbon

Hiu chnh Flot Area

Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu nh
dng

Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut tr i vo c c nt bao quan
Plot Area v ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area
phng to.

Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung,

Ty theo kiu th ang x l{ m Excel cho php bn hiu chnh c c loi tiu
ca kiu th .

thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart
Title la chn kiu t danh s ch

195
 thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout
Labels Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh s ch

thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la chn

kiu t danh sch

thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels

la chn kiu t danh s ch

thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table la

chn kiu t danh s ch.

Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn c c Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout

Insert Text Box.

Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source

Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc

196
 Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, ri vo Chart
Tools Layout Axes Gridlines chn kiu ph hp t danh s ch.

hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th chn n v vo Chart

Tools Format Shape Style chn kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu.

Hiu chnh t Mun hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy

chn trc nhp phi chut chn Fo mat Axis au y l gii thch c c
thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Hp thoi Format xis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn chn

Value Axis
Hu ht c c th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc
honh. C c bn nn chn th bit r hn cng dng ca c c ty chn.
197
Minimum X c nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u)

o Auto Excel t x c nh

o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc

Maximum X c nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr kt thc)

o Auto Excel t x c nh

o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc

Major unit X c nh gi tr c c khong chia chnh trn trc.

o Auto Excel t x c nh

o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc

Minor unit X c nh gi tr c c khong chia ph trn trc.

o Auto Excel t x c nh

o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc

Values in reverse order o th t sp xp c c gi tr trn trc

Logarithmic scale Chuyn c c gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta

qui nh ti Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0)

Display units Chn n v hin th trn trc.

Show display units label on chart Cho hin th c c nhn n v trn th

Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn
th.

o None Khng s dng

o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc

o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc

o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc

198
 Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn
th.

Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc

o None Khng s dng

o High Hin th pha bn phi trc

o Low Hin th pha bn tr i trc

o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh)

Horizontal axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch m trc tung ct trc

honh (i vi th 3-D chnh l ty chn Floor crosses at)

o Automatic Do Excel t x c nh.

o Axis value X c nh gi tr m c c trc s giao nhau

o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc
(tung)

Category Axis

Interval between tick marks X c nh s th hin c c nhm theo khong chia

(c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm).

Interval between labels X c nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia

o Automatic Excel t x c nh (thng l 1)

o Specify interval unit X c nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong
chia trn trc.

Categories in reverse order C c nhm th hin theo th t ngc li

Label distance from axis X c nh khong c ch ca nhn so vi trc

Axis Type X c nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis

199
 Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn
th.

Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn

th.

Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc

Vertical axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch m trc tung ct trc tung

o Automatic Do Excel t x c nh.

o At category number X c nh s nhm m ti c c trc s giao nhau

o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn

trc

Position Axis Qui nh c ch hin th ca c c nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng

cho th 2-D area, column, v line).

o On tick marks Hin ngay k{ hiu phn cch

o Between tick marks Hin gia c c k{ hiu phn cch

Time Scale Axis

Minimum X c nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u)

Maximum X c nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc (ngy kt thc)

Major unit X c nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, th ng hay

nm)

Minor unit X c nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, th ng hay

nm)

Base Unit X c nh n v tnh cho trc

Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc

Axis Type X c nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis

200
 Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn
th.

Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn

th.

Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc

Vertical Axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch trc tung giao vi trc honh

o Between dates Do Excel t x c nh

o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo

o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc

Position Axis Qui nh c ch hin th ca c c nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng

cho th 2-D area, column, v line).

o On tick marks Hin ngay k{ hiu phn c ch

o Between tick marks Hin gia c c k{ hiu phn c ch

Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th

Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th

Chn chui s liu trn th (V d: chn ng cung)

Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th

201
 Minh ha xa chu i ng cung khi th

Thm chui mi vo th
Chn th cn thm chui mi vo.

Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source
xut hin.

Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin

t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip
tn vo t bn phm) v chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values

Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng c ch chp (Ctrl+C)

d liu ca n vo b nh, sau chn th v d n (Ctrl+V) vo th.

202
 Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thng 3 200 vo th

Thay i chui s liu

Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mun ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp

Chn th cn chnh sa

Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source
xut hin.

Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin

Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho c c chui s

liu kh c.

203
 Minh ha thay i chu i s liu
Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm eries cho th. C ph p nh sau: =
Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong :

Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp

vn bn trc tip vo nh t trong cp nh y kp.

Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha c c nhn cho c c

nhm s liu trn trc, nu b trng Excel t nh s c c nhm bt u l s 1.
C th nhp trc tip c c nhn vo Tab c ch nhau bng du phy v t trong
cp ngoc mc {}.

Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca c c chui cn v.

Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca c c chui (nu th

c nhiu hn 1 chui)

Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng
cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng
trong phn tch ti chnh). C c gi tr c th nhp trc tip Tab c ch nhau bng
du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.

204
 Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3 200

Thm ng xu hng vo th
Khi v c c th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu
hng bit c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu
c th c nhiu ng xu hng ty theo c ch phn tch ca chng ta.
thm ng xu hng bn vo:

Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline chn kiu ng xu hng

t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options

205
Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo th

206
 Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In
Bng Tnh
Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel

Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem trc quan

gip bn c th thy c kt qu in ngay trn mn hnh.

C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview.

truy cp cc ch xem vo nhm View chn Workbook Views chn
kiu xem.

Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh

nhp liu, tnh to n, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel.

Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn

c th tnh ton v nhp liu.

Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti

y bn c th chia li trang bng cch ko th c c ng chia cch
trang.

Thit lp thng s cho trang in

Tt c cc ty chn thit lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout

nhm Page Setup (Margins: ty chn l trang, Orientation: chiu trang
ngang hay dc, Size: ty chn kh giy, Print Area: ty chn vng in, Breaks:
ty chn ngt trang, Background: chn hnh nn, Print Titles: ty chn in tiu
lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thit lp cc thng s ti y hoc vo
hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn vo
nhm Page Layout n nhm Page Setup nhn vo nt

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Chiu trang in (Orientation)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation chn Portrait (trang
dc)/ chn Landscape (trang ngang)

2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Orientation chn chiu
trang in Portrait / Landscape

Kh giy (Size)

1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size chn kh giy

2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Page size chn giy

Canh l giy (Margins)

1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins chn kiu cha l

2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Margins nhp cc gi tr vo Top

(l trn), Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u

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trang), Footer (l tiu chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty chn canh gia:
Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang
theo chiu dc)

Chn vng in (Set Print Area)

Qut chn vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area
Set Print Area.

Ngt trang (Page Break)

Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt
trang ti ct A, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup
Breaks Insert Page Break. (Nu khng ct A s ngt trang theo
chiu ngang v dc)

B tng du ngt trang: Di chuyn hin hnh n nm ngay di

du, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks
Remove Page Break.

B tt c nh du ngt trang: Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup

Breaks Reset All Page Breaks.

Thm hnh nn (Background)

Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background chn hnh lu tr
trn my nhn nt Insert

In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers)

Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings chn Print

In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang

B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title

B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut chn dng s 1 vo $1:$1

B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut chn ct A $A:$A

B4. Nhn OK hon tt.

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 Hnh minh ha chn in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A

iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in

Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang
nht nh khi ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c
th thu nh ti liu n 10% v phng to ti 400%.

Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon

Page Layout Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To
Fit Height.

In ng li ca cc
in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta chn Ribbon Page Layout
Sheet Options Gridline Print.

Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer)

Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng
tin xut hin cui mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/
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Footer trong hp thoi Page etup thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn
ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v trc quan hn, c bit c th chn
hnh vo.

Vo Ribbon View chuyn sang ch xem Page Layout Tin hnh thm
Header v Footer vo.

Lu bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design
mi hin ra.

Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design

Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer

Nt lnh M lnh Chc nng

&[Page] Hin th s trang ti liu

&[Pages] Hin th tng s trang c in

&[Date] Hin th ngy hin ti

&[Time] Hin th gi hin ti

&[Path]&[File] Hin th ng dn y n ni lu tp tin

v Tn tp tin

&[File] Hin th tn tp tin

&[Tab] Hin th tn sheet

Khng c Chn hnh la chn vo. Bn phi tm n hnh

cn chn vo trong hp thoi Insert Picture,

212
 chn hnh v nhn nt Insert.

Khng c Thit lp cc thng c cho hnh chn vo.

Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on

vn bn trong Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu
ny 2 ln &&. V d bn mun nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy
nhp Cng thc && Hm. C c la chn khc ca Header v Footer:

Different First Page: Nu chn th bn c th thit lp thng tin khc vo

header/ footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang
cn li trong ti liu.

Different Odd & Even Pages: Nu chn, th bn c th t header/

footer khc nhau cho cc trang chn v cc trang l.

Scale With Document: Nu chn, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s

tng gim theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t
l phng to/ thu nh.

Align With Page Margins: Nu chn, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer

canh u vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu.

Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print

gi hp thoi Print, bn chn nt Office chn Print hay nhn t hp phm

<Ctrl+P>. Dng hp thoi ny chn my in, chn trang cn in, chn s lng
bn sao v mt s ty chn khc.

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 Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc nhn lnh Office Print

Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay c c sheet ang chn.

Entire workbook: In ton b workbook

Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, nu chn

th ch in bng ny.

Ignore print areas: Khi chn, Excel s b qua tt c cc thit lp vng in

thc hin.
214
Cc lu khc

Ngn khng cho in mt s vng

Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng
mun in ra. Khi bn lm theo cc cch sau. n cc dng hay ct cha thng
tin . Home Cells Format Chn lnh n.

T mu ch ging vi mu nn ca cc .

V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm.

Ngn khng cho in cc i tng

Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng
mun in th lm nh sau:

B1. Nhp phi chut ln i tng v chn Size and Properties.

B2. Chn ngn Properties trong hp thoi

B3. B la chn ti Print Object.

215
 Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro

Macro
Macros l c c tnh nng cao cp, c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh
dng m bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng
ghi li nhng hnh ng m bn chn menu cho mt chui cc hnh
ng c th c hon thnh trong mt bc.

Ghi mt Macro

ghi mt Macro:

Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon

Kch Macros

Kch Record Macro

Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch)

Nhp mt phm tt

Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t

216
 thc hin Macro:

Kch Macro

Kch Stop Recording

Thc thi Macro

thc thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn chn

chy Macro. Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v thc thi bng cch:

Kch Macros

Kch View Macros

Chn mt Macro v kch Run

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