178

2007 10
 278

Greg Thomson

1,
2
3 BBC VOA
4
5
6
7

 378

44 30
50

KKa, Ki, Ku, Kai, Ko
50 r
ra,yi ru,rai ro read and write lead
and lightlr
read lead


rl
50%




.








r- l

very
interesting, vehi intehisting veli indelisding
-
 478

120

h t
head ed betterbe-r

6 3000





CHINGLISH


SIX FIVE SENVEN
THREE SIX EIGHT NINE FOUR








 578

120 180



HOW ARE YOUWHERE ARE YOU
FROM


















S 20

 678

-
TRANSLATION-GRAMMAR METHOD


THIS IS A CAT













-
-

 778

Hi, good morning!
Morning! Nice weather ah? Any plan for the weekend?

Stay in home.

OK. Did you know last night there was a racoon got trapped in the dumpster?
I heard the noise and called the cops, then they came and called the vets. A vet shot a
tranquilizer dart from the tree at the its butt, ah bang, bulls-eye! Hell of a shot. Still, took
them another hour to rescue tha poor bastard
..last night tradumpter? Heard
noice .shut .lazer,
an hour .pourbutter? see you later.
there was, heard the noise,
called.. took.. racoon, trapped, dumpster, vets, tranquilizer, bulls-eye,
tranquilizer, tranquilizer, trann-qui-li-zerr!


8




vets tranquilizer
Vet, vet, a veterinarian, you know, a doctor who
practices veterinary medicine, ehh, an animal doctor!
Tranquilizer, ehh, a drug that can knock an animal over. You
know, you put this drug in a cartridge inside a dart, then you fire it from a gun and knock the
target over, ehh, to pass out. Dart, a dart, small arrow.Oh for gods sake, forget it. You take
care of yourself, buddy.





-
-
-


 878

ESL Course
Native
speaker




: Hi! How are you? My name is , I am from
Canada. Nice seeing you all.;
spaghetti





I put
plastics on my picture. Oh, whats the
picture about?
!

ESL

ESL ()

-
,,
:



 978

5 5
4
4 5

2005


6 5 5

5

12




24


5
10

 1078

1967 Lenneberg

1997

1997
SKM

1
fMRI

2


3


4

 1178

95%
5%
75%

Ebbinghaus
--


take off

9000
9000 30 3
10

 1278

Conditional reflex

Ivan Pavlov

 1378

MIF mental image flashMIF
MIF

MIF


MIF
MIF
MIFMIFMIF
MIF

1861 .Paul Broca
Wernicke


cerebral cortex

Matt Damon

10 18 30 25 30
 1478

35 40
70 3
3





13
SAT SAT

3
3

()
----------------------------------------------






XX




 1578

17 20

""

DW
DW
DW 6000
3000 6000 9000

12

 1678

1 Neurolinguistics


Brain and
LanguageN.P.L
Neuro-Linguistic Programming
NPL

3
 1778

2005 BBC Bilingual
Boosts Brain Power

-
Grammar-Translation
Lenneberg

Audio-Lingualism

Cognitive-Code
-

The Direct Method

The Natural Approach

Total Physical Response (T.P.R)

T.P.R
Sit Down!

 1878

500 800 1000
TPR

Suggestopedia

-

S.L.A.Second Language Acquisition
-

Second Language Acquisition

Acquisition

Learn Acquire
Noam Chomsky 50
(Stephen Krashen)
SLA SLA

Krashenburn.com

SLA






 1978

(kamake ,,,)

70 80
Second Language Acquisitionand
Second Language Learning1981Principles and Practice
in Second Language Acquisition1982TTerrell 1982
Natural Approach

1The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis

2The Monitor Hypothesis

3The Input Hypothesis

4The Affective Filter Hypothesis

5The Natural Order Hypothesis

 2078

comprehensive input
i
i+1i1

1comprehensibility
incomprehensible
 2178

2interesting and relevant

3not grammatically sequenced

intake

1
2
3

1.The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis

 2278

2.The Natural Order Hypothesis

3. The Monitor Hypothesis

4. The Input Hypothesis

comprehensible input
ii+1
i1
incomprehensible

comprehensible input i1+ 1

(Silent period)

 2378

5. The Affective Filter Hypothesis

1
2
3

Comprehensible Output

Swain 1985

Every Battle Is Won or Lost Before It Is Ever Fought.

 2478

Phonics

Clich


(Pimsleur)
Reading has been defined as "decoding the graphic
material to the phonemic patterns of spoken language which have already been
mastered when reading is begun." To put it another way, reading consists of
coming back to speech through the graphics symbols. In short, meanings reside
in the sounds of the spoken language. Speaking a language is the necessary
first step to acquiring the ability to read a language with meaning. ------Paul
Pimsleur

Visual Learning Style(Audio
Learning Style) (Kinesthetic Learning Style)

1 Early Stage(Pre-production/Comprehension
Stage)
2 (Upping the Ante)
3 (Getting Serious)
4 (Scaling Everest)
 2578

Early Stage
Early Stage




(TPR)
1
2
3
4
5

1000 +

TPR

Rosetta Stone1799

114 28 72 196

3
19

 2678

1
75%

Early Stage

70

Early Stage

Donald HebbNeuron Cells
Fire together, wire together

Japanese Accent



 2778

T. P. R. (Total Physical Response)

TPR 60 James
Asher

Stand Up
Touch your noseTPR

T.P.R SLA

1
2
3
4
5

TPR
TPR TPR
Stand up

Response

TPR
TPR
TPR-BTPR-O TPRS
 2878

TPR 1000 TPR 500

100

TPR WORD LIST
General Body Movements
stand upsit downwalkstopturn leftturn rightturn aroundwalk backwards
jumphop bend oversquatwalk 3 steps, 5 steps, etc. face ___ (face me; face the wall,
face the door, etc.)lift up your right leg (left leg, right arm, etc.)lower your leg (left leg,
right arm, etc.) shake my handkiss me (on the cheek!)make a fistclap your hands
wave

Facial things
smilecoughlaughcrysneezeopen your mouthclose your mouthstick out your
tongueput your tongue back inwinkblinkwiggle your nose

General verbs you can use with objects

where is touchshow mepick upput downput it back (return)drop move
give me (give him)take it backthrowcatchturn over (flip)put the _____ on (under etc.)
the ______pushpull lift

Kitchen table stuff

cup plate bowl knifeforkspoon napkin / tissue dishbig round serving
traytray youd serve tea or coffee ontablechair
kitchen stuff
pan ovenstovesinkfaucetcountercupboardrefrigerator
basic foods
floursugarbreadtea leavescoffee groundsricenutsyogurtcandy, etc.
drinks
watermilkjuicesodayogurt (drinking)coffeetea
fruits/vegetables
applebananaorangeplumgrapesfigdatesraisonslemonpomegranate
tomato cucumber zucchini onion carrot eggplant small eggplantpotato garlic
parsley lettuce grape leaves celery mintcabbage, etc.

TPR



TPR


door
 2978

window This is a door. That is a window. Where

is the door?

(Early Stage)

PASS

()

bzpan

(Upping the Ante)

Upping the AnteGreg Thomson

+ 1000

TPR

1
2
3
4

 3078

1




2

)







You are very beautiful. are
You very beautiful.are
am, is, are

littlepebble




 3178

i+1
+1i (Predictable)



(i) 1000
(Series
Method)(Dialogue Generation)
TPR
1 (Series Method)

+1 10%-20% 1000



First you take out your keys. This is the key. Then
you find the lock on the door. Use your key to unlock it. Turn the
doorknob this way. Then you push the door open, enter the room,
and then close the door behind you.



(Dialogue Generation)
2 (Dialogue Generation)
(Series
Method)

First, walk to the street. Then hold out your hand when you see an empty taxi. If the taxi
stops, you get on to the back seat. Say hello to the driver and tell him where you want to go.
Make sure he has reset the meter. When you arrive, pay the amount shows on the meter and
say good bye. Then close the door behind you.

100 50





1
2
3 80%~90%
 3278

4
5
6
Yan Can Cook Yan

)


2 ,
2






 3378

v.s

Comprehensible Input
Affective Filter


(Series Method) (Dialogue Generation)




(Sympathetic Speaker) (Care-taker Speaker)

5







 3478

1




2


Care-taker Speaker
Baby Comprehensible Input i+1, where

i=0 baby


Affective filter
care-taker speaker
Baby
baby baby






.
.

Silent Period

 3578

8-12
12

()
Rosetta

Computer-Aided Second Language Learning
(CALL)




Affective Filter
 3678

Comprehensive Output
CALL

1
70%



2




flash

3
top-down
4

100%
5
80 100 100
80% 80 100
26 25
6
7

()

()
Khxia Khxia




1

 3778

2

3
(Culture Bank)



Khxia



Khxia









XX Khxia







Khxia

i+1




 3878

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Book of Mormon
. Joseph Smith


.


400

1000




 3978

19 25
Elders
Missionary Training Center (MTC)









(Jehovahs Witnesses)

Mark Jarman

Gene Hill


1
2

3

50

 4078

TPR Series Method

Elder Smith





Series Method
Dialogue Generation




Parsing, Culture Bank, Top-down vs. Buttom Up

 4178

2005 306
fMRI

Series Method
Dialogue Generation

(Francois Gouin) 1878
-

248 10
10


800
 4278

Series Method
1900
Series Method


-
-

1
2
3 Series Method, Dialogue Generation
4

5

2000 4000

 4378

100

Native
Speaker 50000 Native Speaker
GRE 20000 Native Speaker
15000 30000



English
please Native Speaker
15000 Native
Speaker 15000
:

200 10%

2000 80%

5000 97%

10000 98.5%

15000 99.5%

5000
97% 5000
5000

200 hello, bye, good, bad,

this, that, he, she, is, are, come, go, before, after, on, in
(he she
) MBA

 4478

2000
5000 2000
97% 5000
5000
2000 4000

5000 15000 10000

100



10000

1027 1035


1066 8

9
25
1066
10 4

 4578

10000 100 60 GRE
200 20000 G
10000

180%2000
this, that, big ,bag.
2
3 250 250 100

4 30 100 10 10000
60

pel , tract . pro , er/or , re

, dis , com/con , ex , at
Propel, propeller, repel, dispel, compel, expel.
Protract, tractor, retract, distract, contract, extract, attract.

250 6
( 258 9000
)

18


TOEFL GRE
100

1

32000

centipede centcenti ped, pede
Centipede 100

 4678

centcenti percent, century,

centennial centimeter ped, pede pedal, impede, expedition, pedestrian,
pedestal

centipede
centipede

4000

150




"We set out early with Intent to Run round the sd. Land but being taken
in a Rain &it Increasing very fast obliged us to return. It clearning about one
oClock & our time being too Precious to Loose we a second time ventured out &
Worked hard till Night & then returned to pEnningtons we got our Suppoers &
was Lighted in to a Room & I not being so good a Woodsman as the rest of my
Company striped my slef very orderly & went in to the Bed as they calld it when
to my Surprize I found it to be northing but a Little Straw-matted together
without Sheets or any thing else but only on Thread Bear blanket with double its
Weight of Vermin such as Lice Feas & c. Had we not have been very Tired, Ia,
sure we should not have slepd much that night. I made a Promise not to Sleep
so from that time forward chusing rather to sleep in the open Air before a fire as
will Appear hereafter."

.
(Dyslexia)
(Dyslexia)1988
(National Adult Literacy Survey) NASL 21%-23%
Level 1 Level 1

21%-23%
.
Cher, Orlando Bloom, Tom Cruise Tom Cruise

 4778

1992 27 100
10 50

25%

*

25%2002

* pig
gip

Phonics vs. Whole Language

1 Phonics
Phonics 26
(letter)(sound)

2 Whole Language
Whole Language Look and say

family Phonics
family 6
f a m i , l
y
 4878

----- family
----
-

Whole Language

family
Whole Language

Phonics
25% Whole Language Phonics
Whole Language
Whole Language
50% Phonics Whole Language
Whole Language
SLA
SLA

Whole Language
Whole Language
Whole Language Krashen mailing list
Whole Language
confirming evidence

Pimsleur
Reading has been defined as "decoding the graphic material to the
phonemic patterns of spoken language which have already been mastered when reading is
begun." To put it another way, reading consists of coming back to speech through the
graphics symbols. In short, meanings reside in the sounds of the spoken language. Speaking
a language is the necessary first step to acquiring the ability to read a language with
meaning.







 4978

Pimsleur Phonics

97.4% phonics

family Phonics

f
a
bagfamily





Phonics Whole Language
Tom Estes
Whoever can solve this problem will be like Jesus walking on water.

Phonics Whole Language
Phonics Whole Language

Phonics

fa f a family
Phonics

Phonics

email
Phonics Whole Language
Whole
Language
Phonics

 5078

Family fa,mi,li

Phonics

Phonics 25%
Phonics

1
2 5000

3 5000


4


5
color see see

6
Series
Method Dialogue Generation







Getting Serious

TPR
TPR TPR-BTPR with Body
Series Method

TPR-O (TPR with Objects)

 5178

Objects
apple banana This
is an apple. Where is apple? Smell it, bite it, give it to me,
roll it, peel it TPR-O

TPR-P (TPR with Pictures)

This is a man.
Where is the man? He is eating. What is he doing? He is eating an apple.

TPR-S (TPR with Stories)

Blaine Ray

9000 10000
10
 5278

17 A4 20
10000


10000






Khmer Rouge

Rouge
Khmer Rouge Khmer Khmer


tarmac

100

 5378

Rod Ellis

SLA is not a uniform and predictable phenomenon. There is no single way in which
learners acquire a second language. SLA is the product of many factors pertaining to the
learner on the one hand and learning situation on the other. It is important, therefore, to start
by recognizing the complexity and diversity that results from the interaction of these two sets
of factors. Different learners in different situations learn a second language in different ways.
Nevertheless, although the variability and individuality of language learning need to be
emphasized, the study of SLA assumes interest only if it is possible to identify aspects that
are relatively stable and hence generalizable, if not to all learners, then, at least, to large
groups of learners. The termsecond language acquisitionis used to refer to these general
aspects.

Getting Serious

Learner-Strategy Approach



 5478

Visual Learner

70%
:

Auditory Learner

20%

Kinesthetic Learner

10%

 5578

Learning Style
Learning Style
20

1 (acoustic reason)

2 (Parsing)

3 (cultural knowledge bank)

Youve lost me.

analogymetaphors

i+1
 5678

1 (Top-down Processing)

2 Bottom-up Processing

Bottom-up Top-down Bottom-up

Top-down

Audio Learner

3





 5778

freeze! Drop the gun! On the floor! Cuff him!
Read him his rights! You have the right to remain
silence, anything you said.

1,

2, Visual Learner

3,
Visual Learner

4,

5,

Finding Nemo, Madagascar

Visual Learner

TPR Series
Method
 5878

Choosing the Language of Thought

quasi-language (inner speech)(think
out loud)
MIF

MIF



BMW
MIF


Linguistic forms and images
are reciprocally accessible and in interactive functioning can be mutually
constitutive.

Choosing the Language of

 5978

Thought


Choosing







A.Cohen

detrimental



(mental
translation)

mental translation

mental translation

How
 6078

much is seven times eight? -

Mars China IT

(top-down
processing)




-

2004
What was
once an axiom is now a testable hypothesis.


(to fill gaps left by incomplete acquisition)


 6178

he,she
MIF he MIF she
he,
she he, she, he, she

2000

()

 6278

1 Able to think in the target language
2 Through
association, not translation or memorization
3 An implicit subconscious
learning process rather than explicit conscious learning or active instruction.
4 Meaning-focus instead of form-focus.
5 Linguistic environment and language acquisition
6 Comprehensive input i+1

10000




1000 200 300
 6378

500 10000
1000

Krashen 2004 13
One component of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) needs to be
orientation. A brief explanation of language acquisition theory. Our goal is to develop
independent, or autonomous acquirers. Knowing how language is acquired will help ensure
that this will occur. It is also important to tell students something about the philosophy
underlying our practice because the approach outlined here is radically different from
traditional approaches; we need to justify our pedagogy to students and in some cases to
their parents.

Narrow Input

knowledge/cultural bank
knowledge/cultural bank

A Sample Acquisition Cycle

1 10
 6478

70%

2


3
4 3

5
6
7 80
8

Visual Learner
Audio Learner
Kinesthetic
Kinesthetic Benjamin

Simultaneous
Repetition.

The contribution of conversation to language acquisition is what the
other person says to you, not what you say to them.
i+1 Narrow Input

Comprehensive Output



 6578

()
khxia Khxia

--
-

fMRI





square steps
This man works in the UN.

 6678

(Learnability hypothesis)


(Interface)
(interface position)

-

-

 6778

()
Khxia




-



Khxia

exposure

20% 80%
20%
hzzasdf
Krashen

,,
,,,:not at all
notatall:
,
 6878

Come in comincomin
Come in bottom-up

1 Come in
2 comin
cominCome in

san n

n


12


--

(Sample)




 6978

The Borne Identity

Rote Learning
RLRL (Watkins and Biggs
1996)
Horwitz 1999, Wenden, 1987
Gairns and Redman RL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2001
RL

RL

96




 7078

1
2
3

Audio
Learner
Visual Learner

RL

1000
1000 300-500

 7178

blog 3

2001

(Task-based language teaching)

Long, 1985

passive learning

TPR, Series Method
Corder,1981




Silent Period

 7278

A Private Conversation

Last night, I went to the theater, I had a very good seat. But I
did not enjoy it. A young man and a young women were sitting behind me, they were talking
loudly.(Props)
Can you hear what they were
talking about? Why dont you move to a different seat?

1 Julia

Julia
Julia

Julia

DJ


rap

Julia
 7378

-Affective Filter

-(comprehensible)

- Genre Narrow Input

Julia

2IT Brenda

Brenda Mars IT
Oracle

8

Brenda











DBA


 7478

GRE
12000
Balcony Terrace
Balcony Terrace
6000

-
(Narrow Input)

- Top-down,

- (A Sympathetic Speaker)

Brenda

Discourse Brenda

3, Lucky Z
Z Z

Z
Key Note Speaker Z
Z

Follow Me
9 Follow Me

Can I help you? When
 7578

does the train leave for London?

Special English
30






Alan

The US
Space Shuttle Challenger Alan This is the Voice Of
America Voice, Of, America

GE

I dreamed ___you. about
of Billy Ocean I
Can Dream about You about

85 86
85 60
80

 7678

Steven King James Clavell

Sydney Sheraton



15000 TOEFL
8 8

637

Celestica
Aztec






Z


5 Jason




Frasier
You know what Z? I do not understand it either.
High Brow English

.com
.com
25



 7778

02

CD



100 200

Z Audio
Learner

- Follow Me

- Desire and Affective

Filter

-Bottom-up
Top-down

- Rote Learning

-(Special English)Comprehensive
Input i+1

-



 7878

Z
Follow Me 1
1


Z
.