INSTRUCCIONES y PUNTUACIN

Conteste a las preguntas de tipo test (25 en total) en la hoja de lectura ptica. Al final del examen, entregue NICAMENTE
la hoja de lectura ptica y LA LTIMA HOJA de este examen, en cuyo reverso escribir las redacciones. Asegrese de que
sus datos personales aparecen en ambas hojas. Puede llevarse el resto del examen.
Esta prueba escrita se califica en total sobre 10 puntos:
- Las preguntas con respuesta mltiple (multiple choice questions) valen 5 puntos. Con cada respuesta correcta en el
test obtiene 0.20 puntos. Cada respuesta incorrecta resta 0.06 puntos.
- Las redacciones (compositions) valen 5 puntos. Para ser evaluadas, cada una debe contar con un mnimo de 80
palabras, y entre las dos, sumar al menos 200 palabras.
Se superar la prueba escrita si se obtienen 3 puntos en las preguntas con respuesta mltiple y 3 puntos en las
redacciones, como mnimo.

MODELO C

1. READING COMPREHENSION

TEXT 1: Benefits of Yoga May Go Bone-Deep

Yoga enthusiasts link the practice to a long list of health benefits, including greater flexibility,
stronger muscles, better posture and balance, reduced emotional and physical stress, and increased
self-esteem. But definitively proving these benefits is challenging, requiring years of costly
research. A pharmaceutical company is unlikely to fund* a study that doesnt involve a drug, and in
any event, the research requires a large group of volunteers tracked over a very long time. No one
knows these challenges better than Dr. Loren M. Fishman, a psychiatrist at Columbia University
who specializes in rehabilitative medicine. For years, he has been gathering* evidence on yoga and
bone health, hoping to determine whether yoga might be an effective therapy for osteoporosis. The
idea is not widely accepted in the medical community, but then, researchers know comparatively
little about complementary medicine in general. So in 2005, Dr. Fishman began a small pilot of
study of yoga moves. Medications can produce adverse side effects like gastrointestinal distress and
fractures of the femur.
Yoga puts more pressure on bone than gravity does, he said in an interview. By opposing
one group of muscles against another, it stimulates osteocytes, the bone-making cells. Most
experts argue that it is difficult, perhaps impossible, for adults to gain significant bone mass. Dr.
Fishman invested his own money and with three collaborators solicited volunteers worldwide via
the Internet for his small pilot study. Of the 741 people who joined his experiment from 2005 to
2015, 227 (202 of them women) followed through with doing the 12 assigned yoga poses daily or at
least every other day. The average age of the 227 participants upon joining the study was 68, and 83
percent had osteoporosis or its precursor, osteopenia.
A decade after the start of the study, the findings showed improved bone density in the spine
and femur of the 227 participants. Improvements were seen in bone density in the hip as well, but
they were not statistically significant. Yoga looks like its safe, even for people who have suffered
significant bone loss, Dr. Fishman said in an interview. The study has many limitations, but all
told, the team concluded, the results may lend support to Dr. Fishmans long-held belief that yoga
can help reverse* bone loss. Spinal fractures can result from poor posture, and theres no
medication for that, but yoga is helpful, he said.
From http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/21/12-minutes-of-yoga-for-stronger-bones/?
mabReward=A4&_r=0

*fund: to provide money for a project.

*gathering: accumulating.
*reverse: to turn in the opposite order.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B or C) which best fits according to the text. There
is an example at the beginning (0).
0. Yoga benefits _______________________________.
a) have been scientifically proven.
b) have not been scientifically proven.
c) are related to conventional medicine.

1. People who practice yoga tend to believe that ________________.

a) yoga can increase their psychological issues.
b) yoga can reduce their level of stress.
c) yoga can fix all their diseases.

2. Proving the benefits of yoga ______________.

a) is not an easy matter.
b) has to be sponsored by a pharmaceutical company.
c) should be paid by yoga enthusiasts.

3. Dr. Fishman has tried _________________________________.

a) to find the support of a pharmaceutical company for his study.
b) to find out the benefits of yoga for bone related diseases.
c) to introduce rehabilitative medicine to yoga practitioners.

4. Alternative medicine _________________________.

a) tends to be systematically ignored by the medical community.
b) is being increasingly analyzed by the medical community.
c) has not been extensively studied by the medical community.

5. Dr. Fishman thinks that ________________________.

a) the practice of yoga can increase the number of osteocytes.
b) gravity doesnt affect the production of osteocytes.
c) some cells oppose to others when producing osteocytes.

6. The gaining of bone density __________________________.

a) is doubted by many experts.
b) can cause the production of osteocytes.
c) requires expensive medication.
7. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Most people who joined Dr. Fishmans study were women.
b) People from different nationalities took part in Dr. Fishmans study.
c) Several collaborators helped Dr. Fishman with their own money.

8. The results of the pilot study showed ______________________.

a) an improvement in the bone quality of the participants.
b) an improvement only in the spine and femur of the participants.
c) an irrelevant improvement in male participants.

9. Which of the following words is closer to the meaning of joined, as used in the text?
a) entered b) maintained c) reviewed

10. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Dr. Fishmans ideas concerning yoga could be right.
b) Patients suffering from osteoporosis should not practice yoga.
c) Bone loss is not related to spinal fractures.

TEXT 2: Bank Online or the Old-Fashioned Way?

Online banking is the way of the future. They seem to have it all: relatively high interest (0)
__________, stellar customer service, low fees, and the added bonus of 24/7 (11) __________ to
your finances with the click of a button. Still, online banking isn't for everyone. Richard Barrington,
a senior financial analyst, breaks down the pros and cons. Security: This is one issue that scares
many people away from taking their banking online, but it (12)__________. Even traditional banks
have all your financial information stored in a big data center (13) __________ could be vulnerable
to hackers. Remember to avoid doing any online banking on a public or shared WiFi connection,
since that's when your information can be most easily intercepted. Fees: Online banking is a really
good option for younger customers - the fees as a whole are lower, the balance requirements are
(14) __________ lower, and young people as a rule are comfortable with technology," Barrington
said. ATMs: Banking is all about getting cash when you need it, and Barrington said people should
look at the locations of a bank's ATMs (15) __________ they open an account. Deposits: Web-
based banks offer a few different options to deposit physical checks. "People are for the most part
checking their balances online, getting information online, but when it comes to depositing a check,
they'd much rather hand it to a(n) (16) ________," Barrington said. Interest rates: Online banks
typically have better interest rates than traditional banks because they don't need to take any funds
to operate buildings. In a recent study, online banks were found to have about six times (17)
__________ interest rates than the nationwide average. Customer service: If you like to deal with
the people (18) __________ your money via email or over the phone, go digital. If you'd rather
have someone to talk things through with face-to-face, stick with* a regular bank. But if you'd
rather use a traditional bank to complete your transactions or get questions answered in person,
you'll need to visit your bank during normal business hours and make sure it's not a bank holiday.
Personal preference: Having a personal relationship with a banker can be a big benefit for people,
but keep in mind that banks have been closing physical branches to cut costs. If you're comfortable
with technology, keeping your (19) __________ in an online bank is a great option. "I think the
common denominator is that online banking is cheaper for banks to (20) __________ because
they're not supporting a physical branch and people to staff that branch," Barrington said. "Even
banks that offer both are likely to offer you higher rates and lower fees if you choose online
options."

From http://www.dailyfinance.com/2013/05/06/traditional-versus-online-bank/

*Stick with: To continue with something.

For questions 11-20, choose the answer (A, B or C) which best fits each space. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
EXAMPLE:
(0).a) accounts b) deposits c) rates

11. a) access b) fares c) savings

12. a) couldnt b) mustnt c) shouldnt
13. a) when b) whose c) that
14. a) also b) despite c) however
15. a) before b) whether c) while
16. a) exchange b) loan c) teller
17. a) lower b) higher c) further
18. a) financing b) involving c) managing
19. a) budget b) savings c) withdrawals
20. a) deserve b) provide c) stir

2. USE OF ENGLISH

Choose the correct answer.

EXAMPLE:
0. My apartment isnt _______________ yours.
a) as big as b) big as c) bigger as

21. She came to work ______________ having a cold.

a) although b) however c) in spite of
22. If I __________ enough money, I __________ to the Caribbean.
a) had had/ would fly
b) had had / would have flown
c) had / will fly

23. We arrived yesterday. Last week they told me that ___________.

a) they have arrived the previous day.
b) they had arrived yesterday.
c) they had arrived the previous day.

24. A group of experts is restoring the antique painting.

The antique painting _________________.
a) is restored by a group of experts.
b) is being restored by a group of experts.
c) was being restored by a group of experts.

25. In summer, ____ there are lots of tourists, the hotel is full.
a) when b) where c) that

3. COMPOSITIONS: Write two compositions about these topics following the guidelines
provided. Also, remember to read the instructions above.

Task 1: Recently you have seen this advertisement in a local newspaper and have decided to apply
for the job:

British Greystone Company is looking for young, energetic and experienced candidates to help us
with secondary school kids/teens who spend three weeks of their summer holiday in Greystone
National Park. The candidate must speak English, be keen on sports, and be a good organiser.

If you are interested, please write a cover letter to Mr Black, giving details of skills and previous
experience and saying why you think you are suitable for the job.

Deadline 12th March.

Write a job application cover letter including the following sections:

Introduction explaining why you are writing.
Describe your qualifications.
Thank the reader and provide contact information.

Task 2: Give your friend advice on whether she/he should buy or rent a house.
Review the situation.
Give at least two suggestions.
End with some further help.