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هبمؤطلَؤبينى خويَن
هبمؤطلَؤبينى خويَن
24-8-2009
2
3
4
4
4
5
6
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6
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DNA
8
RNA
11
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) (
20
21
25
( )2
25
HN1 )-2(
28
HN2 )-2 (
31
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34
)(
37
37
41
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48
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51
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57
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63
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.
77
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)(16
85
86
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88
1
1988-3-16
)
(1988-1987
( 1988-3-16
)
)(
) (
)(
21
.
24-8-2009
2
1988-3-16
.
) (DNA
) (DNA
DNA
.
3
)(Fe+2
) (d )) I
.
) (Hb )(1
()I
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 26Fe
3d6
4s2
.
) (O2
)O2
( Hb
)
(CO2) (3
( CO2
)Hb
) (CO2
(1) .
) ) (H
(O ) (S ) (Cl ) (F ) (N
( (2) . ..... )
5
.
)-: (4
-: -1
- )(U
- )(T
- )(C
-2 -:
-)(A
-)(G
6
)
-: (5
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-2 -:
). (H3PO4
-1 -2 -5 )-: (6
7
)(DNA
-2 -5 )-: (6
)(RNA
)(35
) (DNA . (7) (RNA) .
8
)
(DNA
)( )( 1953 ) .
(7
) (1
1
)DNA (8) (8
9
) (G ) (C )(A
1
) (T ( ) 2a , 2b )-: (9
2a
2b
10
)(2c
)-: (10
DNA )-2000000
(3000000
.
(11) .
11
RNA
)
(3 )-: (12
)
3
) (rRNA ) (tRNA
)(13) . (mRNA
12
) (d Fe+2
)
(DNA
.
)-: (14
-1 -:
- )(CK - )(AC
-2 -:
HN1 - - -
HN2 -HN3-
-3 )( -:
- ) )(GB - - )(GA
(GV
- )(VX - )(GD
-4 -:
- - )(DP - )(CG
)(TP
- - )(PS
13
.
-1 )(HCN
)(AC
)(
. 1988-3-16
.
) (74-90-8
)-6
(821-200 )1051
1613 1614 .
3 / 3
3.2 / 3
(15).
1892
1894
) (NaCN
)(HCN
(15) .
14
) (HCN ) 27.03 /
(
) 0.687 / (3
) ( ) (610-6)(K a
( )Hf 0=-4.999 /
( (15) . )HC 0 =-24.6/
) (HCN
-:
-1
)-:(15
2CH4+2NH3+3O2 2HCN+6H2O
Pt
-2 ) (Deguss ) (BMA
) (H2 )-: (15
-3 ) (Shawiningam
HCN
(15).
CH(O)NH2 HCN+H2O
-4 )
(NaCN )-: (15
-
NaCN+HOH HCN+ Na+ + OH
15
1 H 1S1
) (C )(2) . (SP
)(HCN
)(Fe+2
) (HCN Hb -
x
)-: (16
16
)o
(X )
-
(2-Hb ) (CO2 Hb
1988-3-16
.
)(DNA
.
) (4a , 4b -:
GC-HCN
)4a
17
AT-HCN
4b
)
(16).
-2 )
(ClCN
.
) (506-77-4
) (208-052-8
) (1589 (17) .
) (ClCN ) 61.46 /
(
) 1.186 / (3
) ( ) 6- (
) 12.7 (
) (21.1
(17)
) (NaCN )-: (17
-:
HCN + HOCl ClCN +
H2O
18
1S2 2S2 2P2 6C
) (C ) (SP (2) .
) (HCN
) (Fe+2
)ClCN
( Hb
) (5 )-: (16
)5
(
19
(CO2 (O2 )Hb )Hb
.
)(DNA
6a) (6b,
-:
)(6a
GC-ClCN
)6b
AT-ClCN
20
16.
) (
-:
-1 .1919
-2 .1927-1921
-3 .1930
-4 ) 1934
. (1937 1936
-5 ). (1940-1935
-6 .1939
-7 .1939
-8
.
-9 1945 - 1937
-10 1967-1963
-11 ) (1988-1983 1988-3-16
.
) (
)(798081828384
) .
( 18
21
-1 )(18
)-2(
). (505-60-2
) (S
.
DNA
)(C4H8Cl2S
3
) 1.27 / ( ) 159.46 /
(
) (
) 217 ( ) 14.4 (
(18) .
22
-1 )(Depretz
-: 18
-2
-:18
2ClCH2CH2OH+K2S S(CH2CH2OH)2+2KCl
-3
)-: (18
2HCl S(CH2CH2Cl)2+2H2O+
S(CH2CH2OH)2
23
(2) .
) (S )
(C (SP3) .
) (Fe+2
)(7
-:
)(7
(16).
24
)
(DNA
) (8a , 8b -:
AT-S(CH2CH2Cl)2
GC-S(CH2CH2Cl)2 )(8a
Adanine
)(8b
25 (16) .
) (NH2
)(N )(S
.
.
)(19
)-: (19
-1 ) -2 ( .
NH(CH2CH2Cl)2HCl
(CH3CH2N -2 )-2 ( )(HN1
CH2CH2Cl)2
CH3N(CH2C -3 )-2 ( )( HN2
H2Cl)2
N(CH2CH )(HN3 -4 )-2 (
2Cl)3
ClCH2CH2NHC -1 )-2 (
H2CH2Cl HCl
)(821-48-7
. ). (3261
)(00238-00-04-3
(19) .
) (C4H10Cl3N )178.49
)1.412/ (3 /
(
(19).
26
)-2(
) (9
.
27
)9
( (16) .
)
(DNA
) (10a , 10b
-:
)(10a
28
)(10b
(16) .
)-2 ( )
(HN1
1988
)20.(538-7-8
)1.0861/ (3 20 0 )1.09 /
( 3 25 ) 34 ( )85.5
0 0
( 0 ) 194 ( 0
((20) . ) (C6H13Cl2N )170.8 /
29
(2) .
) (SP
3
)-2 ( )
(HN1-Hb ) (11 -:
)(11
(16) .
30
)
(DNA
) (12a , 12b
-:
GC-HN1
)(12a
)12b
(
AT-HN1
31 (16).
-3 ) -2 (
)(HN2
CH3N(CH2CH2Cl)2
)(21).(55-86-7
) (C5H11Cl2N )156.5
/(
1H 1S1
(2) .
32 ). (SP3
) -2 ( )
(HN2-Hb ) (13-:
)(13
(16) .
33
DNA
) (14a , 14b
-:
GC-HN
)(14a
)(14b
AT-HN
1
34 (16).
-4 ) -2 (
)(HN3
N(CH2CH2Cl)3
) (1-77-000
(22).
) (C6H12Cl3N )
204.5/
(
)1.24/ (3 )3.7-
) 143 (22). (0 4- ( 0
1H 1S1
35 (2) .
(SP )
3
)-2 ( )(HN3-Hb
) (15-:
)(15
(16) .
36
DNA
) (16a , 16b
-:
)16a
GC-HN3
AT-HN3
)(16b
37 (16) .
)(
)
(
(23) .
-1 )(G-Agente
-2 )(GB
-3 )(GF
-4 )(GD
VX -5
)(G-Agente -1
) (10-1
687 1993
1936
38 (23).
3
)1.0887 / (
25 )1.102 / ( 20 )-
0 3 0
1H 1S1
(2) .
2 2 4
1S 2S 2P
8O
39 )(SP3
) (Tabun-Hb .
) (17a , 17b -:
)17a
Hb-OTabun
Hb-Ntabun )(17b
40 (16).
DNA
)(18a , 18b
-:
)(18a
GC-Tabun
41 )(16
AT-Tabun
)(GB -2
)(
.
1939
.
) (HF
500
HCN
)(-F1
.
)(
) (Cholinesterase
.
(24).
)(Acetyl choline
) (Nerve
)Synaps axon
) (dendsite
Synaps axon
Synaps .
.
42 )(Acetyl cholinesteras
) (Choline actyl trans ferase
-:
Acetyl-CoA + Choline Acetyl C holine + CoA
)Synaptic
(Vessicle Synaps
)Motor
(endplate
) (Acetyl Choline estears -:
Acetyl Choline + H2O )Acetate + Choline
) (Choline
(25).
))C4
) (H10FO2P ) 140.09 /
(
0
1.08887 / (3 25 0 ) 1.102 / ( 20
3
1H 1S1
1S2 2S2 2P5 9F
43
(2) .
)(SP3
) (GB-Hb )(19
-:
)(19
(16) .
44
DNA
) (20a , 20b
-:
)(20a
GC-GB
``
)(20b
AT-GB
(16).
45
) -3
(GF
)( ) (1936
687
1993
.
, )(
) (26
.
) (
( ) (C7H14FO2P )180.16 /
)1.1278 / (3
0
)239 ) 30- 243 22- (
0 0 0
)(21
(16) .
47
DNA
GC-GF
) (22a , 22b
-:
)(22a
AT-GF
)(22b
48 ( 16) .
)(GD -4
)(
). (Cholinesterase
687
.
1942 (27) .
) (
)
1.022/ (3
( ) (C7H16FO2P )182.17 /
)42- 231 0 44- 0 ( 0 198
0
(2) .
)(SP3
) (GD-Hb )(23
-:
50
(
)
23
(16).
DNA
) (24a , 24b
-:
GC-GD )(24a
AT-GD
)(24b
51 (16) .
-5 VX
)(
)(5078-69-9
687 1993
.
JF
1952 )(
1954
.
)(Acetyl Cholinestras
)
(
(82).
)(C11H26NO2PS
)1.000083 / )266/
(
( 0
) 50- 223 0 58- 0 ( 0 )298 571 0
568 0 ( 0 )0.0007 (28) .
52
VX
) (PCl3
)
(CH4 )-:(28
Schem1
Schem 1
VX
( ) (OH
-1
)
) (EA2192
(29).
Schem 2
)
EA2192 ) (VX
53 Schem 2
1H 1S1
7N 1S2 2S2 2P3
16S 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P4
)(2).(SP3
54
VX ) (VX-Hb )25a ,
(25b , 25c -:
HB-SVX )(25a
)(25b
55
HB-NVX
HB-OVX
)(25c
(16).
DNA
)(26a , 26b
-:
56
GC-VX
)(26a
AT-VX )(26b
.
)(16
57
-4
-:
-1 )(CG
)(DP -2
-3 )(TP
-4 )(PS
-5
-1 )(CG
1915
) (75-44-5
(30) .
Fe + COCl2 FeCl2 + CO
)0.248 /
(0
)118- 155 0 ( 0
)8 281 0 ( 0
) (COCl2
) 98.9/((30).
58
1811
)-: (30
COCl
2 CO + Cl 2
) (CG-Hb )
(27 -:
HB-CG
)(27
59 (16) .
DNA
) (28a , 28b
-:
GC-CG
)(28a
AT-CG
)(28b
(16).
60
)(DP -2
20 0 )
1.3 ( -:
ClCO2CCl3 2COCl2
1916
)(31) . (503-38-8
) (
)1.68 / (3
)57- )128 (
0 0
(31).
) -1
-: (31
v h
ClCOOCCl3 + 3HCl ClCOOCH3 + 3Cl2
-: -2
v h
61 ClCOOCCl3 + 4HCl HCOOCH3 + 4Cl2
2RNCO + 4HCl RNH2 + ClCOOCCl3 -:
(2) .
) (SP3 .
) (DP-Hb
) (29 -:
62
HB-DP
(16).
)29
DNA (
) (30a , 30b
-:
)(30b
GC-DP
)(30b
AT-DP
63 (16).
)(TP -3
130
0
)(32).(32315-10-9
)(
)(C3Cl6O3
( ) ) 296.748 /
0
80 0353 0176 (0 )206 479 40
0
3 (32). (0
64 ) (SP3 (2) .
) (TP-Hb
) (31 -:
)(31
(16) .
DNA
) (32a , 32b -:
65
GC-TP )32a
AT-TP
)(32b
(16).
66
)(PS -4
1917
). (76-06-2
) 0.37-0.3 / (3
)(30-3
) 4 / (3
3
)15 / (
1
(33).
-:
-1
) (15-6
) (
)(20-7
)( .
-2
). (DNA
-3
.
-4
.
-5
67 .
-6
.
-7
.
-8
.
-9
) (24-8
. 8 9
-10
) (HCO3
-1
-11
.
-12
, HCl , CO2 , NOCl , NO2
(33).
) (
) (Cl3CNO2 )164.38/
(
)1.6/( 25 ) 64- (
0 0
) 112 (33).(0
68 )-: (33
NaCl 3Cl3CNO2 + 3NaOH + 3CO2 + 10 NaOCl+
-2
)-: (33
(2).
) (SP
3
69
) (PS-Hb )
(33 -:
)(33
(16).
DNA
)(34a , 34b
-:
70
GC-PS
)(34a
)(34b
AT-PS
(16).
71
-5
1915
) (34
.
)(34).(7782-50-5
30 1.77 0
) (Cl2
) 3.2 /(
( )71/
)34.4- )101.5- 171.5 0 150.7- 0 (
0
)(NaCl
) (KCl
)-: (34
-1 1774
-:
- ) (HCl
)-: (MnO2
- NaCl
-:
-2
-:
+
NaCl + H2O Na+ + Cl- + H+ + OH
72
2H+ + 2e H2
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
) (%80
.
-4
)
(17Cl36 , 17Cl35 17Cl35
) (18Ar36 )34) (1e0-
-: ( 35
18 Ar36 + -1 e0 17 Cl35 + n1
0
(2).
73
) (Cl2-Hb )(35
-:
)(35
(16).
DNA
) (36a , 36b -:
GC-Cl2
74
)(36a
)(36b
AT-Cl2
(16).
75
1988-3-16
12
.
) (40 )(15
) (%75 ) (%57
) (%50
.
{ )G (IgG
) } A (IgA
) (%12.5 ) (%52
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} ) (%22.5
.
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) (%47.5
) (%27.5 )
(%25.5 ) (%80
.
)
(ESR ) (%12.5
.
aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (Staphylococcusa
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) (P . aeruginosa
)(
) (93.54%) (S . aureus
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)( ) (P . aeruginosa
)S .
(aureus
(%50) )
(P . aeruginosa
.
.
.
)
) (%5 ) (%22 (%1
) (NaCl .
(36).
77
) (2009 1988 )-: (37
1988-3-16
-
) (2009 1988 --
16 3 1988
) (479
)(37
-:
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260 219
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1988-3-16 1988-3-16 1988-3-16
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.
.
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DNA
.
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DNA
.
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.
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1988-3-16
)(
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.
1988-3-16
.
88
-1 www.Hemoglobin.mht
-
- - -
-2
- . 513
. - -
. .
. 1983
-3 234
1999 1420
-4 - -108-107 .-
.
1982
-5 ) (4 85
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-7 ) - (146-145-144 .
1987
-8 ) (4 329
-9 ) (4 328
-10 ) (4 112
-11 ) (7 145
-12 ) (4 112
-13 ) (7 148
Fosgen-Wikipedia,the free encyclopdia -14
-15 )-Hydrogen cyanid (14
-16 )(
) (85
-17 )-Cyanogen chlorid (14
-18 )-Sulfur mustard (14
-19 )-Nitrogen mustard (14
-20 )-Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (14
-21 )-Nitrogen mustard (14
-22 )-Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (14
-23 )-Tabun (nerve agente) (14
-24 )-Sarin (14
89 -25 )VX GAS: Mode of Action- (14
-26 )-Cyclo Sarin (14
-27 )-Soman (14
-28 )-VX(nerve agente) (14
vxc/vx/motm/www.chm.bris.ac.uk- E:\VXGASAn/1../29-2070/8
:Introduction.mhtlhttp://Synthesis of vx gas(mhtml:file
-30 )-Fosgen (14
-31 )-Di fosgen(14
-32 )-Tri fosgen(14
-33 )chloropicrin- - EXTOXNETPIP-CHLROPICRIN (14
Chlorine-Wikipedia,the free encyclopdia -34
-35 )(2 759
-36 / / -
/
2002
-37 .
-38 )(37
-39 )(37
-40
) -.
- (1991