J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs ISSN (Print) 1225-8482|ISSN (Online) 2288-4653

Vol. 25 No. 2, 123-132, June 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.2.123

:

1 2
1, 2

Factors Influencing Subjective Happiness in Nursing Students:

Focused on Psycho-social Factors
1 2
Kim, Ji-Hye Jeon, Hae Ok
1
College of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul
2
Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of subjective happiness in nursing students. Methods: A
cross-sectional design was used to survey a convenience sample of 203 nursing students in Cheongju city. Data collec-
tion was conducted through self-report questionnaires on stress, self-efficacy, ego-resilience, social support and sub-
jective happiness. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and
stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Subjective happiness negatively correlated
with stress (r=-.35, p<.001) and positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.60, p<.001), ego-resilience (r=.44, p<.001),
and social support (r=.38, p<.001). Significant predictors of subjective happiness included self-efficacy (=.34, p.001),
ego-resilience (=.24, p.001), satisfaction as a nursing student (=-.21, p<.001), stress (=-.20, p.001), and social
support (=.14, p=.012). The regression model explained 50% of subjective happiness. Conclusion: Based on these
results, effective happiness promotion programs focusing on self-efficacy and resilience improvement, and stress man-
agement are highly recommended to promote the improved quality of life in nursing students.
Key Words: Happiness, Resilience, Self efficacy, Stress, Student

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Corresponding author: Jeon, Hae Ok
Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, 298 Daeseong-ro, Cheongwon-gu Cheongju 28503, Korea.
Tel: +82-43-229-8993, Fax: +82-43-229-8969, E-mail: beaulip@cju.ac.kr
Received: Mar 25, 2016 | Revised: May 26, 2016 | Accepted: Jun 13, 2016
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2016 The Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing http://www.mhnursing.or.kr


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Vol. 25 No. 2, 2016 125



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126 Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

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(35.0%), (31.0%), (30.0%) Table 1. General Characteristics of Participants (N=203)

. 54.2% n (%) or
Characteristics Categories
, 3.5 ~4.0 38.4% MSD

, 78.3% . Age (year) 21.81.17

67.5%, 8.9% Gender Male 30 (14.8)

Female 173 (85.2)
. 76.8%,
Grade Grade 3 100 (49.3)
48.3% (Table 1). Grade 4 103 (50.7)

Religion Yes 100 (49.3)

2. , , , No 103 (50.7)

, Residence type Living with parents 61 (30.1)

Dormitory 63 (31.0)
Self-boarding 71 (35.0)
2.840.58 Others 8 (3.9)

(2.96) (2.61) . Subjective Good 57 (28.1)

economic status Average 110 (54.2)
3.280.36 Bad 36 (17.7)
. Grade point 2.5~3.0 22 (10.9)
2.550.47 , average 3.0~3.5 63 (31.0)
3.5~4.0 78 (38.4)
3.950.47 . 4.0 40 (19.7)
5.081.04 (Table 2). Subjective Good 159 (78.3)
health status Fair 39 (19.2)
Poor 5 (2.5)
3. Major satisfaction Satisfied 137 (67.5)
Moderate 48 (23.6)
Unsatisfied 18 (8.9)

Relationship with Satisfied 98 (48.3)
(t=2.51, p = .013) , 4 3(t=
the senior Moderate 97 (47.8)
-2.79, p= .006) . satisfaction Unsatisfied 8 (3.9)

(F=11.82, p < Friendship Satisfied 156 (76.8)

satisfaction Moderate 44 (21.7)
.001), Unsatisfied 3 (1.5)
(F=15.65, p<.001).
Relationship with Satisfied 104 (51.2)
(F=5.87, p= .003) (F=7.58, p = the professor Moderate 97 (47.8)
satisfaction Unsatisfied 2 (1.0)
.001) (F=3.81, p = .024)
.
, , , Table 2. Levels of Major Variables (N=203)
(Table 3). Possible Obtained
Variables MSD
range range
Stress 2.840.58 1~5 1~5
4. , , , College based stress 2.960.60
Clinical based stress 2.610.68
Self-efficacy 3.280.36 1~5 1~5
General self-efficacy 3.280.42
, , , Social self-efficacy 3.260.32
. Ego-resilience 2.550.47 1~4 1~4
(r=-.35, p<.001), (r=.60, Social support 3.950.47 1~5 2~5
p<.001), (r=.44, p<.001), (r=.38, p < Subjective happiness 5.081.04 1~7 1~7

.001) (Table 4).

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Table 3. Differences of Major Variables according to General Characteristics (N=203)

Subjective happiness
Characteristics Categories
MSD t or F p
Gender Male 5.510.82 2.51 .013
Female 5.001.05
Grade Grade 3 4.871.16 -2.79 .006
Grade 4 5.270.86
Religion Yes 5.200.91 1.62 .105
No 4.961.14
Residence type Living with parents 5.301.07 1.74 .160
Dormitory 4.890.91
Self-boarding 5.031.12
Others 5.081.04
Subjective economic status Good 5.321.08 2.13 .121
Average 4.991.05
Bad 4.961.03
Grade point average 2.5~3.0 4.781.38 -0.95 .416
3.0~3.5 5.150.93
3.5~4.0 5.030.99
4.0 5.201.09
Subjective health status* Gooda 5.250.97 11.82 .001
Fairb 4.391.04 ab
Poor 5.001.04
Major satisfaction* Satisfieda 5.330.86 15.65 .001
b
Moderate 4.641.10 ab, c
Unsatisfiedc 4.271.04
Relationship with Satisfieda 5.320.97 5.87 .003
the senior satisfaction* Moderateb 4.861.06 ab
Unsatisfied 4.621.03
a
Friendship satisfaction* Satisfied 5.221.01 7.58 .001
Moderateb 4.621.00 ab
Unsatisfied 4.080.14
Relationship with Satisfieda 5.260.95 3.81 .024
b
the professor satisfaction* Moderate 4.891.10 ab
Unsatisfied 4.251.06
*Scheffe test.

Table 4. Correlations among Major Variables (N=203)

Stress Self-efficacy Ego-resilience Social support
Variables
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Self-efficacy -.31 (.001)
Ego-resilience .01 (.860) .42 (.001)
Social support -.20 (.003) .27 (.001) .33 (.001)
Subjective happiness -.35 (.001) .60 (.001) .44 (.001) .38 (.001)

5. , , , , ,
,
, , , ,

.

128 Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

 :

. .

. Durbin-Watson , , ,
2.208 . .
(tolerance) (Variance Inflation Factor, [5]
VIF) , , , -
0.67~0.92 0.1 , , , , ,
1.08~1.48 10 .
. , ,
, . ,
, -
(F=41.99, p.001). , ,
(=.34, p.001), (=.24, p [5]
.001), (=-.21, p.001), (=-.20, p.001), .
(=.14, p= .012) 3.28(5 )
, , (3.28)
50% (Table 5). (3.26) .
Kim Lee[17]
3.33 .


, [13,17],
,
, , .
2.55(4 )
. Kim Lee[17]
2.84(5 ) 2.70(5 ) .
, , , 3.5 ~4.0
(2.96) 38.4% ,
(2.61) . Park[7] 67.5% ,
(2.90) (2.67) . Kim Lee[17]

Table 5. The Influencing Factors on Subjective Happiness (N=203)

Variables B SE t p Model R2 R2 change
(Constant) 0.41 0.73 0.56
Self-efficacy 0.99 0.17 .34 5.67 .001 .36 .36
Social support 0.30 0.12 .14 2.54 .012 .41 .05
Major satisfaction* -0.35 0.08 -.21 -4.18 .001 .45 .04
Ego-resilience 0.53 0.13 .24 4.17 .001 .48 .03
Stress -0.35 0.10 -.20 -3.65 .001 .51 .03
2 2
R =.51, Adj. R =.50, F=41.99, p.001
*Higher scores means low major satisfaction.

Vol. 25 No. 2, 2016 129



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. . Ahn Sim[14]
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, [12,15],
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130 Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

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