Change Management

100 Success Secrets

The Complete Guide to Process, Tools, Software

and
Training in Organizational Change Management

Gerard Blokdijk
Change Management 100 Success Secrets

Copyright 2008 by Gerard Blokdijk

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 Change Management 100 Success Secrets
Gerard Blokdijk

There has never been a Change Management manual like this.

100 Success Secrets is not about the ins and outs of Change
Management. Instead, it answers the top 100 questions that we
are asked and those we come across in forums, our consultancy
and education programs. It tells you exactly how to deal with
those questions, with tips that have never before been offered in
print.

This book is also not about Change Managements best practice

and standards details. Instead it introduces everything you want
to know to be successful with Change Management.
 Table of Contents

Changes to Management as Art .................................................... 12

Appreciate change management through the use of cartoons ... 13
Using a Change Management Certificate Template .................... 14
An Example of a Change Management Model ............................ 16
Techniques for Creating Your Own Change Management Plan 18
Strengthening the Change Management as implemented .......... 19
Why the Change Management Process is very Important .......... 20
he Benefits of Having Change Management Software in Your
Business ........................................................................................... 22
What Makes a Change Management Team? ................................ 24
Timeframe Trial on the use of Change Management Software .. 25
Change Management: Why Your Company Needs It ................. 27
Kotters Change Model of Management ....................................... 29
The Academy for Change Management ....................................... 31
The Certificate for Change Management ...................................... 32
The Risks a Change Management Consultant Faces From His
Own Clients..................................................................................... 34
A Broader Look at the Definition of Change Management ........ 36
The Change Management of ITIL.................................................. 38
The Model for Change Management ............................................ 39
The Roots of Change Management Theory .................................. 41
The Need for a Change Management Tool................................... 43
When Belief Statements Become Effective Change Management
Tools ................................................................................................ 45
The Effective Way to Conduct Change Management Training . 46
The role of Computer Change Management in Human Behavior
Change Management. .................................................................... 48
Conclusions for Change Management ......................................... 50
Change Management Conclusions are Important for the Success
of a Change Management Program .............................................. 51
Defining Change Management for Newbies ............................... 52
Stages in Change Management Implementation......................... 54
The Proper Management of Change............................................. 56
The Factors that Come Into Play in Stakeholder Management
Change ............................................................................................ 58
The Models for Management Change .......................................... 60
What is Change Management? ..................................................... 61
OCM: Organizational Change Management .............................. 62
What is Organizational Change Management and What Can it
Do for Your Business?.................................................................... 64
Organizational Change, Leadership and Management .............. 66
The Training for Organizational Development and Change
Management ................................................................................... 68
The Right Way to Implement Process Change Management ..... 69
The Template of Certificate in Change Management ................. 71
An Explanation of What Change Management is ....................... 72
The Change Management Workplace........................................... 74
Environmental Case Study Change Management Elements ...... 76
Can I Produce a Template for a Certificate in Change
Management Myself? ..................................................................... 78
Eight Steps to Successful Change Management and Organization
.......................................................................................................... 80
Change Management Conclusion The Three Ps to a Successful
Transition......................................................................................... 82
The Grief Cycle The Change Management Grief Resistance
Tool .................................................................................................. 84
Impact of Change Management to Small or Large Firms ........... 86
Handle Change Management through Presentations ................. 87
The Change Management Process in Software Quality Assurance
.......................................................................................................... 88
Change Management Standard A Step-by-Step Guide to
Successful Change Process Implementations ............................... 90
Change Management Strategies to Ensure Business Success ..... 92
Tips on How to Apply Change in Management .......................... 94
The Skills in Change Management................................................ 95
Easily Search Change Management Articles ................................ 96
The Importance of Receiving a Change Management Award
Certificate ........................................................................................ 98
Change Management Books That Can Help You in Your
Business ......................................................................................... 100
Pictures of Change Management .................................................101
The Importance of the Change Management Process in Software
Testing ............................................................................................102
The Parts to a Great Change Management Project Plan ............104
Important Tips on Handling Change Management Projects ....106
The Speaker for Change Management ........................................108
Basic Theories of Change Management ......................................109
Nutritional Time Frames and Trial Periods in Change
Management ..................................................................................111
The Role of Human Resource Management in Change .............112
Collins Model Linking Leadership with Change Management
........................................................................................................113
Field Titles Change in Content Management .............................114
Definition of Change Management Presented Using the ADKAR
Model .............................................................................................116
Choosing the Model of Change Management in your
Organization ..................................................................................118
Documenting Change Management............................................120
Enhancing Productivity by Change Management Keeping
Motivation Alive in the Workplace .............................................121
Huse Change Model Management: The Basic Principles ..........122
The Importance of Change Management in Organizations ......123
What is the ITIL Change Management Scheme? ........................124
The Journal for Organizational Change Management ...............125
Large or Small Firms Experienced Change Management ......... 127
Change Management of Large Businesses versus Small
Businesses ...................................................................................... 129
The Book of Making Sense about Change Management ........... 130
Technology Change Management: Keeping IT Up To Date .... 131
GE: Organizational Change Management .................................. 133
The Basics of Management: People, Performance, Change ...... 135
The Meaning of Management Change........................................ 136
Microsoft Organizational Change Management ........................ 137
Models of Change Management Devising Standards for
Business Success ........................................................................... 138
Keyword: CHANGE Objectives of Change Management
Training ......................................................................................... 140
Organizational Change Management Program Providing
Solutions for Transition ................................................................ 141
Tips on Carrying Out Organizational Development Change
Management.................................................................................. 143
PowerPoint Presentation of Change Management Getting a
Glimpse of Change Management Concepts ............................... 145
Project Management Software Issues Change Requests from
Customers...................................................................................... 147
What Does the Job of Project Analyst Process Improvement
Change Management Entail? ....................................................... 148
Software Change Management Keeping up with the New
Demands of the Target Market ....................................................150
PowerPoint Presentations of Software for Change Management
........................................................................................................152
Dynamism Strategic Approach for Change Management......154
How to Conduct a Study of Change Management Inventories
Questionnaires...............................................................................156
What Organizational Activities Fall Under Supply Chain
Management? ................................................................................158
Theories of Change Management Brilliant Minds Perspective
of the Change Process ...................................................................160
What Are the Theories of Change Management? ......................162
Learn about the Three Types of Change Management ..............164
What is a Planned Change in Educational Management? .........165
How Do I Identify What is Planned Change in Educational
Management? ................................................................................167
The Human Factor Writing Conclusion Examples for Change
Management ..................................................................................169
11
 12

Changes to Management as Art

In every aspect of life and business, change prevails. Change

is necessary in order to perform better than the normal conduct. In
business organizations, the need for change is not only to improve
its delivery of services to its clients, but in managing the organiza-
tion. Change should be aimed toward improving the existing
system and should be done continuously.

Change in Management increases as technology rapidly

grows and innovations continuously evolve. Organizational systems
and processes proliferate, which enables every firm to make things
faster, and easier access to knowing the needs of its clients. At same
time, allowing for increased expectations of what the employees can
do, as well as expectations for the organization.

Change is thought of as easy, but its not. Changes to man-

agement cannot be done over time, it is an art. It requires skills for
someone to implement change. Changed in management may be
seen as a drastic move, but some see it positively as a means of
improving the organizations state. There are members within the
firm who are resistance to change. When there is a slow down in
the ability of the organization to serve or invest in a new initiative,
the need for change must occur and should be done immediately.

The art of change management is a broad process, and one

that requires professional expertise to introduce. It is not a soft
skill, as it requires subjective outcomes of seeing the quantifiable
results of change, in satisfying customers, and fast delivery of the
action or service. Make room for change, as change will not be
thought of if there is no need for it.
 13

Appreciate change management

through the use of cartoons

How people take information depends on their mood, perso-

nality, upbringing and thinking style. It doesnt mean that commu-
nication can only be through written or spoken means. There are
different ways to receive messages. While most people do better
with written word and others by verbal communication, some relate
best to pictures, graphics or cartoons. Business organizations
should be able to address change management in different ways, as
personalities differ.

Pictures or graphics speaks for themselves. Most often, it is

easier and faster to grasp visuals, rather than reading articles. The
use of one or two sentences to support a graphic is enough to
explain what it means. People in the organization need to be con-
vinced, especially if change management is being proposed. One
way of better understanding messages, or communicating them, is
through graphics. They can be presented during meetings, training
seminars, and can even be part of posters found on the firms
bulletin boards. The change management cartoon makes it com-
fortable for leaders to disseminate information, at the initial stage,
to those who resist change. A person resistive to change gradually
gets to understand the change, if viewed from time to time, gets the
meaning of the message, and later becomes comfortable with it.

The change management cartoon is an aid to help manage-

ment communicate its strategy in a way that is entertaining and
fun, and with pictures that speak for themselves. With the change
management cartoon, management has an easy way of disseminat-
ing information, and without pushing people to read it. They
simply look at change management cartoons, and re-think.
 14

Using a Change Management Certifi-

cate Template

As an organization opts for change management, participa-

tion of all its members should be encouraged. A business aware of
the need for change should support it, and from time to time moni-
tor how change management is being carried out to insure that it is
carried out as planned.

A change that does not produce good results should be given

a second look, and studied to see how it can be handled better.
Individuals who are resistant to change should be talked to, so that
a better appreciation of the need for change management is ex-
plained. When things go wrong, management should always have a
hand at resolving the situation, and better still, find an alternative
to further improve the change.

Change management should be monitored, so as to assess its

effects. The cause and effect of the change management should be
communicated to all necessary staff. All changes pertaining to
change management should be covered with a formal request, and
all results should likewise be supported. This is also called change
management certificate.

The certificate bears a template that makes things easier for

those in charge of managing the change. The word template
represents a page layout pre-designed in electronic or paper media
that is ready to be filled out each time a change management certi-
fication or request is made. The change management certificate
template can also be changed or edited, should a new feature be
determined to be necessary.
 15
The change management certificate template aids the busi-
ness organization in finding out what, who, when, why and how
change management takes place.

Actions are communicated, as well as results, whether good

or bad. With the change management certificate template, a faster
response to the need is addressed.
 16

An Example of a Change Management

Model

Change is inevitable. All organizations change in small ways

continuously. When dealing with big changes, organizational
change management is important. There are several change man-
agement models being utilized and modified today. While they may
have different approaches, depending on the situation they con-
front, their objective is always for the company to successfully
implement the change process in a smooth and efficient way.

The Lewins Change Management Model is still used today.

Conceptualized by psychologist Kurt Lewin in the 1950s, it empha-
sizes three stages of change: unfreezing, modification, then refreez-
ing. He explains that people do not usually accept change as a part
of the work process, and would continually stay in their comfort-
zone. In overcoming this status quo, the organization must moti-
vate the people for change to occur.

Modification involves a transition from the current state to

the desired state. This is the second stage in Lewins Model. The
transition may be a little uncomfortable for most employees, but
with proper motivation and good leadership, the firm will still be
able to implement the change. The modification period is very
critical because it involves a lot of training, skills transfer, and the
most sensitive of all, personnel re-alignments and even reduction.

The third stage, refreezing comes when the workforce has al-
ready embedded the change in their system--until another unfreez-
ing happens.

While Lewins Change Management Model may be an effec-

tive and simple way of implementing change, some criticize it for
 17
not properly processing the after-effects of the change on the
employees morale (like the fear of having another change coming).

There really is no perfect approach for change. Integrating

other change management models with Lewins is better than just
using one model alone. You may also want to study Kotters Eight
Step Change Model, Beers Model, McKineys 7-s Model, and
Shaws Model.
 18

Techniques for Creating Your Own

Change Management Plan

Change management is a very essential process in any busi-

ness. Change Management plans, evaluate and implement the
necessary changes needed in an organization. This process helps
your company find and innovate new techniques and procedures to
improve the service you provide. In this way, you will be able to
satisfy your customers. With the help of a Change Management
Plan, you can guarantee sufficient control over the changes. There
are programs to create a Change Management Plan available from
most software companies. They can produce a project plan to help
in the companys change management planning. In creating a plan,
designation of responsibilities is very important. Development
Manager is in charge of updating and maintaining the Change
Management Plan. Here is how to organize the plan:
Stakeholder Analysis: holds various stakeholders who are
willing to implement change in the business. Identifying and train-
ing them is important.
Organizing approach and principles: it is essential that prin-
ciples and approach are made to effectively execute the strategies in
change management.
Plan, apply and schedule the events: planning and applying
the strategies are very important, this will verify the success of your
techniques. Scheduling the events, such as training and seminars
will help you in developing an organized Change Management. This
plan provides a framework in managing and organizing communi-
cation and systems in a firm. The Change Management Plan recog-
nizes the main stakeholders that are involved in the project. It also
outlines the change management plan and techniques. This plan
also discusses strategies and incidents to fulfill the objectives of
your organization.
 19

Strengthening the Change Manage-

ment as implemented

In every change, there is an end result. Businesses do not

just create change for the heck of making one. They feel that
change is necessary, and that it will yield better results than what
results they are currently getting. Management always expects to
get better opportunities, and at the same time maintain the quality
of its performance to its clients and employees.

At the end of the journey is the achievement of one's goal.

Businesses, upon reaching the conclusion of implementing change,
should carefully assess and monitor the results of the change from
time to time. If needed, its best to update it. A change request is
needed to communicate the results of the change, whether good or
bad. Span of control on the change should also be established; and
there should be a gauge on when change management needs to be
strengthened. The change management process conclusion, being
the final phase in the strategic implementation of change, should
require a thorough evaluation and readjustment of focus on the
measurement of results and planning for the future.

Along with careful controls to remain on the "critical path,

there should be assurances that changes are carried out along the
line as planned. At the conclusion stage, the change leader may get
several viewpoints from others, and it is the change leaders task to
anticipate actions and reactions. The change leader should under-
stand that individuals change viewpoints when new information is
obtained and evaluated. The change management process conclu-
sion is not the end, but merely that which ignites the start of new
change.
 20

Why the Change Management

Process is very Important

The Change Management Process is a procedure of planning,

assessing and implementing changes to a system. The main goals in
the process are: maintaining and supporting the process of
changes, and allowing the traceability of changes. It is a very impor-
tant process, giving you huge benefits by developing your system;
and as a result, satisfying the needs of your customers.

The Change Management Process can help you handle all

the change requests in your project. By going through this process,
you can easily monitor and manage the quantity of change. The key
steps for handling change are included in this process.

Through this process, you can identify and recognize the re-
quirements of change in your project. You can organize the process
of passing change requests. The Change Management Process can
also establish the feasibility of the requested changes. It is also
through this process that permission for change is officially granted
before it even happens. Its also possible to create a schedule to
review the impact of the changes.

Its important to go thorough the Change Management

Process, for it will give you a template in managing change in your
projects. It fully explains every step of the change procedure. It also
identifies the responsibilities of the people included in change
management. Not only that, it illuminates the approval process and
reviews changes in a project.

Change Management is the central function of Project Man-

agement. This is very important in achieving success for the project.
Change always affects your capability to deliver projects, and
 21
increases your expenses and operation timeframes. For you to
effectively control projects, you can use the Change Management
Process to successfully execute your plans. This will give you a tool
to help you deal with change easily.
 22

he Benefits of Having Change Man-

agement Software in Your Business

Change management is a significant process in any business.

With the fast changing developments in technology, it is very
important for firms to find creative ways to improve their service.

If you are seriously considering Change Management in your

company, there is software thats readily available to help you in
establishing the procedures for change management. Automating
software in change management is a very convenient process for
your system. Change management software is designed to make
procedures easier and cleaner. This software helps you to reduce
intensive labor hours.

What are the key benefits of Change Management Software?

One of the key benefits of this software is its capacity to con-

trol all change activity. This will result in reduced loss of quality.
It gives you the capability to monitor and approve change
requests.
It can calculate and analyze the risks in relation to the
change request.
Change management software can give you access to other
important key process information on organized and applied
changes.
It has the power to customize your companys change re-
quest forms to fit the current change management procedures.
A suitable workflow can be provided by Change Management
Software. It can control and manage each step in restoration, just in
case implementation of change fails.
 23
These days, successful organizations deal with different
changes every day. Applying these changes is not that easy. They
will be valuable to your company if their impact can be appropriate-
ly assessed, applied and controlled. Change Management gives you
a practical, integrated and automated method to implement
change. This can actually reduce the risks in your business and also
promote an organized and strategic plan for change.
 24

What Makes a Change Management

Team?

The responsibility of managing change should be manage-

ments concern and not that of the employees. It is the employees
responsibility to do their best to cope with the change. Manage-
ment has the responsibility of explaining to its employees why
change is being made, and also the responsibility to facilitate and
enable change. In view of these issues, management should come
up with a team to handle the change and make it work. Technical
expertise is also a vital factor in the selection of a change manage-
ment team. The team is expected to have a step back attitude and
not be judgmental. The team is also expected to help people learn
to understand the reasons, aims, and ways of positively interacting
with employees' own situations and capabilities.

As businesses impose new things, there will always be diffi-

culties encountered by people. Its best that people at work partici-
pate and have an open, early, full communication at the start. One
way of achieving a collective understanding of the change manage-
ment approaches, policies, methods, systems, and ideas is by
conducting workshops. The change management team should
conduct a staff survey to address problems, and fix them quickly.
An anonymous survey comment should be published, as well as the
findings. The change management team should do its best to make
change achievable. The success of change management depends on
how well the team performs. For your people to trust the change
within the organization, the change management team should
likewise have the credibility and integrity to be trusted.
 25

Timeframe Trial on the use of Change

Management Software

Change management used to be designed over numerous

hours spent at work, and sitting down at meetings. Nowadays,
change management can be done using software. For a company
that wishes to implement change management, they may avail
themselves of the trial period. The change management software is
made available based on the timeframe, as agreed upon by the
software provider and the client.

The use of change management software is believed to have

the following benefits:
The change activity is orchestrated and controlled. With
these, instances of quality loss as a result of uncoordinated changes
are minimized.
The change requests from any location can be monitored and
approved at any point in time and place.
The ability to compute the risk related to the change request
by the use of a risk assessment module.
Provide for the accessibility to important key process infor-
mation (KPI) with regard to plan and changes for implementation
and their ramifications.
Allows the customization of change request forms to meet
the needs of users, as well as making things simple in terms of
processes and understanding terminologies.
Provide documentation and control of the workflow as a step
by step guide in the event that the original state prior to change
requests requires restoration.

With the timeframe given for a business to try the software,

companies are given the chance to better appreciate the need for
the software. The change management software is ideal for busi-
 26
nesses that look forward to automating or establishing their change
management procedures and processes.
 27

Change Management: Why Your

Company Needs It

Change management can be defined as a control mechanism

in an area of practice. It takes the task of handling change. It actual-
ly refers to creating changes in an organized and systematic matter.
Change management intends to efficiently apply the new tech-
niques and processes in your company. Common change manage-
ment refers to the aspect of information technology systems
development projects. In a company, there are different kinds of
tasks. A normal delivery process is one of the jobs that needs to be
done in a business. But there is also what we call change activities,
which focus more on the needed changes in your organization.
Although change can happen without shifting jobs, products and
changing places; change can happen first inside your mind. That is
why it is very critical for organizations to understand this aspect.
Without knowing and understanding, change is destined to create
serious problems. Change is inevitable. You cant disregard and
ignore it in your company. Even though you cannot avoid resistance
to the changes, you have to let people understand the purpose of
change in your firm.
Ways to Manage Change. There are different ways how to
manage change inside and outside your influence. Here are some
tips on how to manage change projects:
Analyze and identify the change. You have to investigate and
understand the necessary changes needed in your company.
Stakeholders management is one of the main reasons for
failed change. Stakeholders are those who show interest in change,
or those who intend to undergo change. They need to be dealt with
properly.
Build a plan. Planning and organizing a bulletproof plan is
very important.
 28
Apply these changes in your company. Organizing change
and utilizing the techniques to monitor the outcome is needed to
know if the change is appropriate.
 29

Kotters Change Model of Manage-

ment

An organization will always go through various changes in its

lifetime. After all, adaptation is one of the key factors in an organi-
zations survival. There are several well accepted change models of
management. All of them have been scientifically proven to be
effective in the management of change.

Kotters Eight Step Change Model of Management explains

that there are eight essential steps in an organizations change
management. They are as follows:
1. Initiate Urgency: Organizations need to establish a
sense of urgency within the employees to effectively
implement change. They should be able to explain
properly why this is important and urgent for the
companys survival.
2. Change Team: This team should involve respected
members of the company and department leaders
impacted by the change. They should be able to in-
fluence teamwork in the organization.
3. Establish Vision: An organization with a clear vision
on how and where it wants to be in the future will be
able to direct its employees in achieving its goals.
4. Communicate Vision: The vision must be communi-
cated properly, and employees must be able to un-
derstand it thoroughly, and comply with the
companys vision of the future.
5. Empower Others: Employees who feel that they are
empowered by the firm to achieve the vision will be
more motivated to cooperate with the transition.
This creates a sense of responsibility for the em-
ployee.
 30
6. Easy Goals: By creating short-term goals and re-
warding employees for achieving it, the company will
achieve the bigger vision in a step-by-step approach.
7. More Goals: After achieving their short-term goals,
new ones should immediately follow in order for the
firm to be able to achieve the bigger goal.
8. Embrace Culture: The final step in this change model
of management is to permanently institutionalize the
new approaches by embedding them in the compa-
nys culture and leadership succession.
 31

The Academy for Change Manage-

ment

The purpose of an academy offering courses in Change Man-

agement is to position an organization or business to have a com-
petitive advantage, and to develop sustainable success by
continually developing changes in the firm. The academy must be
designed to challenge, develop and inspire the management team of
any stage. The courses offered in Change Management must enable
the student to have knowledge on how to manage change effective-
ly. He must also be trained by the academy to oppose the resistance
of the employees, and to motivate them. The academy for Change
Management is expected to produce managers that have the most
advanced skills is management.

People who are interested in enrolling in the academy must

look for one that offers different benefits upon completion of the
course. The students must be able to identify the activities that
need to be done for each phase of the change. They must be able to
build rapport easily with everyone they interact with; and learn to
have an understanding of the effective methods of communication.
They must also be motivated by the academy to be their very best,
and must be able to manage their state.

The concepts proposed by the future manager must be made

to add values to the activities within the organization. In looking for
the right academy to enroll in, try to consider the factors stated
above, because the choice of academy will tell what kind of manager
the person will become in the near future.
 32

The Certificate for Change Manage-

ment

Change is constant and inevitable in any organization. When

people take a Change Management training program, it is necessary
to award them for their achievement. A person who successfully
finished and passed the course may be regarded as an effective
agent of Change Management. Hes learned how to influence
change in an organization, both in his and other peoples actions.
The certificate given to him is an acknowledgement that he took a
program that provides him knowledge about Change Management,
an understanding of the changes within an organization, and the
skills he must learn to facilitate the development and implementa-
tion of the changes successfully.

People awarded the Change Management certificate must

have the following abilities:
x Able to plan for the Change Management implemen-
tation.
x Evaluate and prioritize the cost, the benefits, the im-
pact, and the risks of the changes that are proposed.
x Have the ability to organize the Request For Change
or RFC.
x Prepare for the meetings of the Change Advisory
Board.
x Agree and justify the proposed change models and
standard changes. The building, testing, and imple-
mentation of the change must also be supervised.
x Be able to handle any back out for changes that
failed.
 33

x Be aware of the tools that support the implementa-

tion of Change Management, and determine how to
make improvements.

The certificate for change Management is only awarded to

those people who are determined, and posses the qualities of a
competitive Change Manager.
 34

The Risks a Change Management

Consultant Faces From His Own
Clients

You usually associate clients as being necessary for your

change management consultancy business to prosper after all, no
consultancy can survive if there are no clients. But, did you know
that a change management consultant can suffer harm from the
clients themselves?

Here is how a client (and his representatives or subordi-

nates) can sabotage the efforts of a change management consultant
to initiate and establish an effective change management program
in the clients organization:

First, all seems to be proceeding normally the change

management consultant is hired, he identifies the causes of prob-
lems that crop up when the changes are being initiated, and pro-
poses a program that will resolve this situation so that the changes
can be properly carried out (and hopefully the change management
consultant can then move on to his next client.)

However, the client (or his subordinates) surprisingly will

not react positively to the progress that the change management
consultant is making. On the contrary, they may seem offended,
and perhaps be even downright hostile, after the consultant has
proposed his solution. What happened between hiring the change
management consultant, and when the consultant came up with an
effective solution?
 35
What the change management consultant may not have ex-
pected is that the client and his managers, and other subordinates
may have realized that either:
x they could have thought up the solution proposed by
themselves; and/or
x they feel that the consultant places them in a bad
light as members of management by coming up with
a solution to the problems.

Whichever holds true, the poor change management consul-

tant is placed in an uncomfortable situation. To resolve this, the
consultant may opt to leave after proposing his solution, so the
client and his people can implement it themselves, which thus puts
these members of management in a good light again, since they
seem like the heroes in the situation, to the unwary.
 36

A Broader Look at the Definition of

Change Management

We know that Change Management, by its very name, in-

volves management of changes. They occur within an organization-
al setting, meaning changes do not occur in a vacuum.

There are certain elements that come into play when a

Change Management process is introduced into a firm. These are
called Functions, Goals, Resources, Environment, and Principles.

Functions refers to the purpose of the project, or what prod-

ucts or services are expected to be produced by the company,
should the project be successful. Any project has to serve a specific
purpose (function) or else its meaningless.

Goals refers to the specific change(s) that the project aims to

put into play, or set in place. It differs from function in that a
function would be the reason the project exists, while a goal would
be the objective that the project aims to accomplish.

Resources are defined as the scalability and capacity of the

project. Will it succeed as it is currently designed? Or are there
other elements that have to be tweaked first before the project can
accomplish its goals and fulfill its function?

Environment refers to the elements in the surroundings of

the firm, or perhaps the components of the organization itself,
which may be influenced by the project outcome. Since the change
management project does not exist in a vacuum, the environment
may in turn also affect the project.
 37
Principles is concerned with function in a way, since it tries
to foresee whether the functions will be affected in any way. You
can say a basic principle of a change management project is that it
should not hamper the function(s) in any manner, or else we can
say the principle of the project has been violated somehow.
 38

The Change Management of ITIL

The main objective of the Change Management of ITIL is to

make sure that the standard methods and processes are used for
the efficiency and on-time handling of the changes implemented to
reduce the impact of the problems related to the change done to the
quality of the service of the organization. The plan for the set up
and the ongoing strategy for Change Management in a particular
organization helps support the entire IT service management
infrastructure. The Change Management also support or limit the
success of the other processes of ITIL.

To make sure that the supply of the IT services are efficient,

it is important that the change is managed, monitored, and con-
trolled in a systematic way. This will help reduce undue distur-
bances to the IT services that are delivered to the customer. The
Request For Changes or RFC can be developed to correct any fault
in the IT infrastructure that was identified in the process of manag-
ing problems. Change Management has the full responsibility for
managing, monitoring and controlling the way that the change is
planned, initiated, assessed, scheduled and implemented.

The scope of Change Management includes but is not limited

to the components of the information technology infrastructure like
the software, hardware, and the documentation. Another scope of
Change Management is the IT services or the Service Level Agree-
ments (SLA), and lastly, the organizations of the IT service includ-
ing the organizational structures and its procedures. The Change
Management within the organization must be ITIL compliant and
must also help to support different and complex options of the
organizations workflow. This is to achieve its goal to improve the
everyday operations of the organization.
 39

The Model for Change Management

Change management aims at bringing better results that

those currently experienced. In change management, one realizes
that there are better ways of performing effectively, and at the same
time cope with client's expectations. To implement change, come
up with a model.

There are various change management models, the most

commonly used is ADKAR. Its for individual change management,
and was developed by Prosci with input from 1000 organizations
from 59 countries. It describes the building blocks necessary for
individual change to be successful, and it includes:
Awareness the business organization identifies exactly why
there is a need to change. Management should have a clear and
valid reason for coming up with a change program, and be able to
identity how, when and where the change is to occur.
x Desire the enthusiasm of supporting and partici-
pating in the change. This is also called harnessing
support. Identifying the stakeholders for the change
and knowing if senior management supports the
change.
x Knowledge the information necessary to know how
to implement change. To find out whether the
change plan is sufficiently scoped and resources are
adequate.
x Ability the skills needed to implement the new
skills and behaviors. Ensuring that focus is given on
both soft and technical skills.
x Reinforcement the capacity to sustain change. The
performance and success results should be reported.
There is a need for a communication plan to be de-
 40
veloped so that everybody is informed and aware of
what is going on.

Change management model is a tool to carry out change

within an organization. Guided by the model, there is no reason for
change management to be ineffective.
 41

The Roots of Change Management

Theory

Change Management Theory has its roots in different fields;

namely, engineering, business and psychology. That is why change
management is applied in different ways in different disciplines.

If we talk about Individual Change Management, that refers

to changing the behavior of an individual (such as to stop smoking
or drinking.) Change Management in business pertains to changing
technology and/or a business process. When applied on a societal
level, Change Management refers to creating new laws or govern-
ment policies to initiate societal changes. Regardless of how Change
Management is to be applied or where, Change Management
Theory operates on five key principles:

x The first is that people display different reactions to

change, since each person is a unique individual.

x Second, all people have basic needs that they aim to

satisfy, regardless of who they are or what their occu-
pation is.

x Third, for every change initiated, the person or entity

will have to lose something for the change to be suc-
cessful.

x Fourth, people have different expectations about

change management efforts, so all such programs
have to be realistic.
 42

x And finally, that there will always be fear of change,

and proper change management involves facing those
fears in appropriate ways.

When all five principles are applied well by the person or or-
ganization that undertakes change management, then the odds that
change management will be successful go up significantly. This
doesnt mean failure will never occur, but rather that the odds of
failure will go down by a great degree.
 43

The Need for a Change Management

Tool

Change management will not succeed if it comes from the

idea of one and is not supported by all. It involves careful planning
and implementation. The people affected by the change should be
consulted and involved. Change made by forced or pressure to an
individual may cause problems. Change management should be
realistic, attainable and measurable.

When businesses are run by network computers and services

on demand require delivery through data systems, high levels of
availability are necessary to quickly address the change in order to
increase profitability and maintain their edge in the industry. Tools
to help IT managers and administrators are in the marketplace to
simplify the change management process. The change manage-
ment tools include downloadable planning templates, readiness
assessments, and guidelines for executive sponsorship on propos-
ing change management, as well as how to manage resistance when
change is implemented. Tools such as change management certifi-
cation templates are available, and include training plans, commu-
nication plans, sponsor roadmaps, coaching plans and resistance
management plans. These tools aim to provide guides to assess and
implement change management strategy.

The change management tools seek to help business organi-

zation to achieve the following:
1. The ability to manage change in individuals and not
just the business. Change must not be imposed on
people. The reason(s) for change should be clearly
explained.
2. The ability to develop a change management strategy.
3. To formulate a communication plan.
 44
4. To actively manage those people who resist change.

5. Tools guide and assist, simplifying the change man-

agement process, and save time and money.
 45

When Belief Statements Become Ef-

fective Change Management Tools

A change management tool is a method by which the beha-

vior of people within an organization can be adjusted so that the
desired change is achieved. One good tool is belief statements.

Belief statements can be effective change management tools

when certain conditions are met. First, the people should actually
believe that these belief statements are good for them. This will
have a corresponding effect on their attitude. If you have the right
attitude, you can accomplish much.

Second, if you know of any attitudes existing within the

minds of people in the target organization that may hamper the
efficacy of the proposed changes, they and you must take steps to
adjust them. But the first step must always be undertaken by the
people in the same way that no one can be hypnotized against his
will, no person will believe a belief statement if his attitude runs to
the contrary, unless that person changes his attitude first.

You have probably heard of born-again Christians conduct-

ing Bible study groups to which they invite skeptics. The skeptics
have an attitude that effectively says: I do not believe that the Bible
has the answers to my problems. The born-again Christian has the
attitude that says: I think it does and can solve your problems. So
Bible study is change management that aims to uncover the roots
contributing to the attitude of the skeptic that prevents them from
accepting Biblical beliefs. A skeptic who has changed his mind (or
rather, his attitude) about Biblical beliefs will then adopt a belief
statement that says: I can do all things through Christ, who streng-
thens me. But it all has to start within the mind and heart of the
skeptic first.
 46

The Effective Way to Conduct Change

Management Training

When change management is conducted in an organization,

its important that all members of the firm be trained in the change
management program. Otherwise, the change management solu-
tion proposed wont be effective since the firms members will be
disorganized, and may even work in counter-productive ways.

The people who will initiate change management must be

aware of who they will be training, and that means knowing how
they really feel about the proposed changes. Any hostility to the
program may result in failure to a certain degree.

The decision-makers must set change management objec-

tives for specific employee groups that are apt for their capabilities.
The changes proposed must not run counter to the welfare of the
organizations members, and the organization itself. The language
used to describe the proposed changes, and the expected effects
should be as simple, precise and clear as possible to eliminate
sources of confusion and misapplication of the program.

There should have been a thorough study done on any inter-

nal and external factors that may affect the outcome of the change
management training in any way. No program exists within a
vacuum, so doubtless there will be at least one factor that can skew
the programs results somehow.

The program should adhere to a clear mission or vision that

can be communicated properly at all levels of the organization.

After the training is completed, suspend all celebrations un-

til its proven that the program is truly effective. It helps to have a
 47
positive mindset, but expect glitches to be inherent in your program
that need further effort to iron out later on.
 48

The role of Computer Change Man-

agement in Human Behavior Change
Management.

Computer Change Management pertains to managing

change in computer systems it may be better known as IT change
management. Human behavior change management is the more
popular form of change management, which many people know
when change management is mentioned. Both computer change
management and human behavior change management are impor-
tant programs to undertake, but nowhere are both deemed of equal
importance more than in companies that are Information Technol-
ogy service providers.

In IT companies, CEOs and managers are becoming more

and more aware that it is not enough to iron out software and
hardware glitches. It is also important to find out how the attitudes
of their IT personnel can affect how they serve their employer and
the clients.

Nowadays, it is no longer sufficient to simply hire technically

qualified people, then put them to work on refining computers and
computer systems. It is equally important to find out about the
backgrounds of their people; what they think about their work,
their superiors, and their co-workers; and how satisfied they are
with their choice of occupation.

This new mindset of management came about in the wake of

new findings about employee behavior as to when they are satisfied
and not satisfied with the progress they make at work. People are
not machines that run indefinitely once plugged into an electrical
 49
outlet. Meaning, it is not enough to simply pay them good wages
sometimes.

One IT-dependent organization that recognizes this is the

Landbank of the Philippines. Its Technology Department staff do
not just have technical expertise that makes them qualified to be IT
technical personnel. They are now required to undergo team-
building activities as well (both in and out of the workplace), so that
all IT staff learn how to work with one another as people. One well-
received team-building activity is organizing each department into
bowling teams that participate in friendly matches against each
other.
 50

Conclusions for Change Management

Fostering change in any organization is possible because the

activities associated with Change Management enables every firm
to ensure practices are used for the efficiency of handling change.
Change Management is a very important process. It depends on the
accuracy of the configuration data to make sure that the impact of
the changes is known and visible. There is a very close relationship
between Change Management, Release Management, and Configu-
ration Management. Change Management is a discipline under the
Information Technology Service Management. Its objective is to
make sure that standardized methods and processes are applied for
the efficiency of taking over the changes for controlled IT infra-
structures. This is done to lessen the number of impacts of all the
related problems upon the delivery of service.

The changes regarding the Information Technology infra-

structure may develop reactively in relation to the incidents or
problems, and the requirements imposed externally to the organi-
zation like legislative changes, or from looking for efficiency and
effectiveness. Change Management is also a way to enable the
initiatives of a business for the improvement of the project and its
services. It ensures that the standardized methods, procedures and
processes are used mainly for all the changes. Change Management
also maintains the appropriate balance between the need for
change and possible losses from the impact of the change. Its an
ITIL process that helps in the development of other processes, or
limits the success of the process if proper management is not done.
 51

Change Management Conclusions

are Important for the Success of a
Change Management Program

There are many conclusions in the field of change manage-

ment nowadays that can be applied in general ways to practically all
organizations.

One very important conclusion is that change management

is deemed effective if it produces changes in the behavior of its
target audience. For example, if the program is supposed to change
the attitude of employees toward their work so that they like com-
ing to work, success is proven if productivity goes up. But if em-
ployee absenteeism goes up instead, then something went wrong in
the change management program either the design was wrong in
the first place, or the way it was implemented was faulty.

Another conclusion we can make about change management

is that true results are only reaped over a reasonable amount of
time. For instance, if the program planners expect results to show
up within a month from implementation, that may be too soon for
results. But if the planners wait a year, and then look for results,
that may be more reasonable.

A last and very fundamental conclusion that can apply to any

organization is that no one likes to be coerced into adopting
changes. Thus, hard-sell methods for initiating a change manage-
ment program in an organization may not work very well. The
organization members (particularly employees) may believe they
are being pressured to adopt changes that they truly do not believe
in, and would like to resist instead.
 52

Defining Change Management for

Newbies

Change Management is a term used to describe the whole

process of monitoring changes that are initiated while a product or
service is developed by an organization. The goal of change man-
agement is to prevent errors from occurring during the develop-
ment process, as well as to limit the possible impact of these
changes on the organizational processes that already exist.

Changes during product or service development can be sub-

divided into either authorized or unauthorized changes. The first
category pertains to those changes that decision makers within the
organization initiate themselves, which means they are prepared
for the impact of such changes later on. The second category refers
to changes that members of the organization are not prepared to
encounter, and whose possible impact on organizational processes
may not be anticipated well enough.

When change management is undertaken properly, the im-

pact of any unforeseen changes can be absorbed and mitigated, so
the organization does not suffer massive losses (financial or other-
wise). Change management also allows authorized changes to work
without interfering with pre-existing organizational processes, and
vice versa.

Change control procedures is used to describe the steps set

in place before, during, and after changes are initiated. Changes, in
and of themselves, can be small (those involved in a group project),
or of a massive magnitude (as when the organization as a whole
shifts core competencies, or focuses on a new line of work).
 53
For change management to be successful, particularly during
establishment of defined change control procedures, the decision
makers must communicate their plans to all members of the organ-
ization, and even external audiences, so that everyone is prepared
for what is to come.
 54

Stages in Change Management Im-

plementation

Change Management is often times not a welcome thing in

an organization. Some take it positively, and others do not. It
becomes necessary if the organization feels that there is a slow
down, or current activities hamper the effective performance of the
organization.

There are three stages in how to implement a change man-

agement plan. They are as follows:
"Unfreezing" involves getting rid of inertia and taking to
pieces the current "mindset. At this stage, ignore the defense
mechanism. Business organizations should be able to define the
change in management strategy. Its in this stage that the change
management team should be created. As a result of unfreezing, it is
expected that the team develop a change management model to
propose.

"Managing Change" is the period of confusion and transi-

tion. Some are resistance to change. The business organization
should develop a change management plan at this stage and take
action to implement the plans.

Refreezing is the stage where a new mindset is crystallizing

and the comfort levels of the employees returns to previous levels.
At this stage, the change management team should be able to
collect and analyze feedback to better address reactions immediate-
ly. They should be able to diagnose gaps and be capable of handling
resistance. It is also at this stage that the business organization
 55
should be able to implement corrective actions and give credit to
successes.

Implementing change management requires skills, and suc-

cess is only achieved if participation from members of the business
organization takes place. The model described above is also known
as the Lewin Theory, developed by Kurt Lewin.
 56

The Proper Management of Change

Change will always be constant, whether you are an individ-

ual or an organization. It doesnt matter whether it is a minor
change or a major one, whats important is the proper management
of change so that theres less resistance and more involvement.

There are many approaches to the management of change.

Although theres no perfect approach, its still very important that
effective change management be planned and specific programs be
designed to address employee concerns and fears. Many compa-
nies now offer an integration of different change management
models in their programs in order make the transition easier.

All change managers know that the transition period is the

most critical and sensitive part of the management of change. This
is where new ideas, technologies and processes are introduced to
the individual for the first time. If this introduction is not planned
and managed well, employee morale and productivity can suffer.

The importance of managing the transition period is crucial

because its where employees will ask questions on where they will
be upon completion of the project, or whether they will be replaced
or retrenched, or will they be able to adapt to it successfully.

Reaching out to and motivating employees in order to ad-

dress their fears and concerns will help the company in the proper
planning and management of change. Communication is important
because this is where the company can explain in detail the urgency
of change in the organization.

A good management of change means a good management

of transition. The organizations goal of changing the current state
 57
to the future desired state can only be realized if all employees are
motivated to move in the companys direction.
 58

The Factors that Come Into Play in

Stakeholder Management Change

Stakeholder management is a field of thought or discipline,

wherein the fate of stakeholders is managed or handled so that
(when change is initiated) the status of stakeholders remains stable.

Stakeholder management change thus pertains to any

change in the continuous process of managing the fate of stake-
holders. All organizations have stakeholders, regardless of the size
of the organization or the number of members that make it up.

When you say someone is a stakeholder, it means that per-

son has interests (financial or otherwise) in the organization. When
stakeholder management change is initiated that person is affected.

One of the organizations its easiest to identify stakeholders

in would be a business. The stakeholders in a common business
would be the investors and/or shareholders who put up the capital
to start the business. They can also be the clients or customers who
buy or patronize the goods and/or services of the business; the
employees who produce the goods and/or manage the service being
offered. Then there are the suppliers who also benefit from doing
business with the company; the government agencies that rely on
the business to provide taxes to keep the government running.
Finally, they can also be surrounding communities, which are
affected by the business; and even business rivals.

Stakeholder management change occurs when the organiza-

tion changes the activities it uses to manage the fate of each stake-
holder group. For example: employees offer a new product to
clients or customers. In this case, stakeholder management change
has affected employees, the clients/customers, and even business
 59
rivals. If the product becomes in-demand among customers, there
is another change wrought in the case of the investors and share-
holders who find their initial investment profitable after all.
 60

The Models for Management Change

The model for managing change in any aspect is based on

the research done in the implementation of the organization, and
also the use of information technologies that is open ended. The
model is based on major assumptions that make it different from
the traditional models of change. The first assumption is that the
changes, together with the implementations of the technology make
an ongoing process and not an event that has an endpoint. This
would be where the organization can presume that it will return to a
steady state after. The second assumption is that the different
organizational and technological changes made during the process
cant be anticipated ahead of the estimated time.

Those assumptions recognize three types of change for the

model: the anticipated change, the emergent change and the oppor-
tunitybased change. The first are changes planned ahead of time,
and they occur in the way intended. Emergent changes come spon-
taneously from local innovations, and are not intended or antic-
ipated from the start. The opportunitybased changes arent
intended ahead of time, but are intentionally and purposefully
introduced during the change process as a response to any unex-
pected event, opportunity, or breakdown. The anticipated and
opportunitybased changes engage in purposeful actions, com-
pared to emergent changes that develop spontaneously through the
years out of the practices of the people with the technology.

While there is no sequence by which the occurrence of

change is defined, the development of the latest technologies often
gives an organization change initially anticipated, together with the
installation of new software/hardware.
 61

What is Change Management?

When things go wrong and you want them corrected, you

must think of ways of dealing with the issue so as to avoid recur-
rence. Such solution may entail change in the existing system or
process that is being implemented in a business environment.

Change Management is a management approach to change

individuals, teams, organizations, and societies from the existing
set-up to a desired set-up in the future. Change management may
involve change in a new business process and/or adoption of new
technology. To have successful change management is to have the
cooperation of the people involved. It aims to provide a framework
on how to manage people when change is implemented. It is
believed that to be effective is to combine a change in organization
management tools with individual change management tools.
Change management is seen by some as a threat to the position
they presently enjoy. Thus, often there is resistance to change
management being implemented in an organization.

In as much as employees are the most important asset in a

business organization, the impact of the change on them should be
considered by management. Change management should be able
to look into the behavior patterns, work processes, technological
requirements, and motivation of its people. A business organization
must be able to assess what its employees reactions to change are,
and then create ideas to change the program. The goal is to modify
the new process and thus enable workers to accept it.

Change Management, if implemented, should be dissemi-

nated throughout the organization, carefully monitored to ensure
effectiveness, and adjusted as necessary.
 62

OCM: Organizational Change Man-

agement

In any organization, change is always constant. And it

should always happen if you want your company to succeed in the
business world. This change can be in the work process, manpow-
er, directives, technology, or policies. Today, organizational change
management (OCM) is of vital importance in keeping your compa-
ny ahead of competitors by preparing employees and key people for
adapting to any changes in the workflow and work environment.

But, these changes can only be implemented if employees

are willing to accept it. Change does not only mean implementa-
tion. It also means involvement. The most important and critical
part in the organizational change management is the transition
period. This is the period when companies let go of the current
state and start to introduce new processes, technologies and even
new people for the first time. If there is no proper involvement of
the workforce, everything will inevitably fail.

Among the biggest challenges companies face today in im-

plementing desired changes are employee fears (whether real or
imagined), and sometimes outright resistance. In severe cases,
resistance can lead to sabotage. Without the proper organizational
change management, these fears and resistance can lead to unne-
cessary stresses and pressures that can then lead to less productivi-
ty and low morale of the workforce.

Fortunately, there are now companies that specialize in

OCM. Although these companies offer different approaches in their
OCM procedures, their goal is always to work with the organization
in preparing the employees for the changes, equip them with the
knowledge, skills, tools and methods to deal with the new environ-
 63
ment. This way, everyone is involved and has a sense of ownership
in the organization.

Change is always constant. Going from the present to the fu-

ture will always be challenging. But, with proper organizational
change management, the realization of all business goals is easier.
 64

What is Organizational Change Man-

agement and What Can it Do for Your
Business?

To have a competitive and successful company, you have to

organize and prepare your staff for changes in procedures and work
environment. This is a serious process of planning, training, and
motivating employees to learn the new challenges connected with
systems and technology changes. Organizational Change Manage-
ment (OCM) should meet the needs of your staff, and the people
who decide the success of this application. Of course, OCM should
also have the ability to agree with your business objectives.

Industries today recognize constant change in their organi-

zation. But, some companies dont know how to solve and imple-
ment change. Heads of organizations can determine the advantages
of change. They can identify the importance and long-term advan-
tages. Most of them see it as a way to win over their competitors.
But, others need training in OCM in order to help and aid their
employees, and understand the value of change.

Some organizations use comprehensive solutions in OCM.

This includes visioning, which can recognize the main elements you
want in the future of your business. Change management tech-
niques can also help you cut the costs of setting up your staff to
initiate changes in your company. And lastly, Organizational Im-
pact Analysis can recognize what you need and want to change.
This can also evaluate the impact as changes take place.

OCM can help you maintain and establish change in your

system. It can minimize any business trouble, and can speed up the
process of change and get a quick investment return. Creating and
 65
developing Organizational Change Management techniques that go
well with your business needs. This can also give you an appropri-
ate strategy and tools to organize change, and discover new innova-
tive ways to do business.
 66

Organizational Change, Leadership

and Management

The concept of organizational change is about the wide

change in an organization, and not regarding small changes like
hiring new people, modification of a program etc. Wide change in
an organization includes changes in the mission of the company,
operations due to restructuring, new technologies, major collabora-
tions, mergers, new programs, re-engineering and many more.
Experts often refer to organizational change as organizational
transformation.

This term gives a basic definition to a radical reorientation in

the operation of an organization.

When an organization decides to change its strategy for

achievement, modifies a major section or practice, and/or plans to
change the nature of its operation, these occurrences are significant
organization changes.

For the development of organizations, it is proper that they

undergo changes in the different stages of development. The topic
of organizational change has become popular in communications
about leadership and management. Leaders and managers conti-
nually make an effort to have significant and successful change.

Some people are very good, but some still struggle and fail at
the effort. Leadership concept is related to making sure of the
effectiveness in any organization, and managing changes. Leading
has always been a very human activity. Many people make state-
ments about strong leadership, but do not really understand the
deal about it.
 67
Leadership is not one of the general functions of a manager.
Management refers to the activities done by a group of people who
plans, organize, lead and coordinate resources. These functions
recur throughout the organization and are integrated. The success
of change in an organization depends on the kind of leadership and
management the person in charge does.
 68

The Training for Organizational De-

velopment and Change Management

The development of every organization, particularly on how

changes are managed, influences the success of the business. The
activities in the organizational development occur in the interac-
tions of the people systems, like the groups that are either formal or
informal, the culture of the work and its climate, and the design of
the organization to improve its effectiveness using different beha-
vioral science applications. Change Management tests the different
organizations to succeed in times where a great change is imple-
mented. The organization is trained to successfully plan, communi-
cation between the people within the organization and the affected
parties of the change, implementation of the change, build the
involvement and the commitment of the employees, and the mea-
surement of the system in the period of the change.

The center of Change Management is found here. The train-

ing in Change Management for the development of the organization
has never been more critical, since most organizations are now
focusing on the systems structures and processes that have an
effect on the people, and the performance of the particular organi-
zation. Organizations that seek greatness ask for the assistance of
organization development practitioners that train mainly to become
certified in their chosen field. Training to become a certified OD
practitioner is in demand since they sharpen their skills to the great
challenge of measuring the results of the change done for the
development of the organization. Training includes programs that
help provide precision on the connection of the high-performing
structures of the organization, and setting the direction of the
organization on the right path for its accountability and productivi-
ty.
 69

The Right Way to Implement Process

Change Management

Process change management simply refers to the capacity of

a firm to handle changes in the existing and to-be-implemented
organizational processes. The shorter name for process change
management is process management both refer to the same
function.

The problem though, with many organizations, is that they

resort to massive or ambitious ways to manage changes in an
organizational process. These overkill efforts may not be effective
because problems that occurred in the past may re-occur after
completion of the ambitious methods.

The decision makers may resort to overkill because they

have overestimated the causes of the problems in the first place.
For example, if the problem of low employee morale has caused
productivity to go down, the decision makers might address the
problem by penalizing employees if their productivity goes down a
certain level. Does this work?

It might, but in many cases it does not because the cause of

low employee morale has not been addressed. A better process
change management measure would be for the organization to host
employee relation sessions where facilitators would try to uncover
the real reason for low employee morale.

Perhaps the employees dislike a certain policy that has been

set in place and find that it derails their efforts to motivate them-
selves to increase productivity. Maybe they can even point to a
particular person (like a terror supervisor) who has caused their
morale to go down in the first place. Applying the carrot instead of
 70
the stick (meaning, motivating employees to work more effectively
and efficiently by helping create an environment open to hearing
their grievances would be a much better solution to boost employee
productivity, than simply penalizing anyone whose productivity
goes down).
 71

The Template of Certificate in Change

Management

The achievement of the people who attend any training

course must be acknowledged. It is very simple to print a training
certificate on a quality paper. The templates of certificates are
presented to the successful trainees at the end of every training
course or program. Framing the certificate, if desired, adds a classy
touch.

The template for a Change Management certificate is like

any other certificate. The border allows good space for the various
headings and text sections, and the logo of the organization where
the person trained is also included. For this article, it is specifically
the logo of the training organization that conducts a course in
Change Management. The template also includes the main heading
where the phrase Certificate of Achievement is used. It must state
the name of the Change Management training course. An example
is, Introduction to Change Management. The text requires a well-
known font and font size, especially for the heading and the train-
ing course title. After the title, the duration of the training course is
next. This includes the number of days, for example a phrase like,
A Four Day Course. Its appropriate to state the venue where the
training course was held. The next part is the description of the
certificate. This is where the phrase, This is to certify that is
seen. After the dotted line is a space where the name of the trainee
is written. To finish the template, include the signatures of the
people awarding the certificate, and the date.
 72

An Explanation of What Change Man-

agement is

What is change management? It is a scientific, systematic

and structured approach to dealing with change, so that there is a
smooth and efficient transfer from the current state to the future
desired state. Since it encompasses a broad field including psy-
chology, engineering and business, there are two sub-categories for
change management: Individual and Organizational.

Individual Change Management is based on the behavioral

models. ICMs will tackle and attempt to disassemble the existing
comfort-zones of individuals in order to effect a change. This
involves a lot of motivation, and good leadership skills because
people will tend to be uncomfortable with changes.

The emotional factor of the individuals affected by the

change should be taken into consideration, so as to increase their
morale and make them accept the change without resistance.
Properly present a good explanation on the need for change, as well
as the reason for it, so the individual will support and become
involved in the implementation of the change. With proper train-
ing and skills transfer, he will be able to implement the changes
based on expected results, and his role and responsibilities will be
clearer. We have to remember that the less resistance, the more
effective the change will be.

Organizational Change Management is a structured process

of implementing change at an organizational level. A good organi-
zational change management plan integrates individual change
management so that it will effectively and efficiently modify the
existing state of the organization to the future state without much
resistance from employees.
 73

Three aspects are vital in both the individual and organiza-

tional change management: adaptation, controlling and implemen-
tation.
 74

The Change Management Workplace

In a modern workplace, change is always expected. Changes

occur depending on the system used by a particular organization.
There are technology changes, changes in the procedures, and the
changes in the market. The economy, which gets wider and wider
through the years, has its own challenges, unique for every employ-
er. Some countries posses a comprehensive and complicated system
of laws related to industry. Managing changes in a workplace can be
a very difficult task without any understanding and knowledge of
the interrelationship between the legal requirements of the collec-
tive agreements, and the contracts of employment that are applica-
ble.

The legal requirement for change in the workplace is only a

part of the picture. Knowledge in the broader relations of the
industry, including the roles of the different unions connected to
the change, is essential to the success of implementing change.

A comprehensive change management strategy is very im-

portant for all businesses considering changes in the workplace.
The success of the strategy depends on the following factors:
The objective of the organization for the change.
An audit of all the legal obligations of the employer to the
parties affected by the change, including an analysis on how the
change will be implemented, and the strategy for communicating
all the information needed by the affected party regarding the
change procedure.
The planning of the appropriate legal change management
before the implementation of the change.

The tools necessary in change management in a workplace

must measure the satisfaction of the employees. It is the employees
 75
prerogative to know how to deal with any issue within the organiza-
tion where they work.
 76

Environmental Case Study Change

Management Elements

We all know that climate change is already upon us, and we

need to deal with it, if we are to survive the next 100 years of this
millennium. Thus, environmental case study change management
elements must take into account the factors of:
Production of greenhouse gases; and
Reduction of such emissions; since the global scientific
community already acknowledges that greenhouse gases directly
contribute to climate change.

Of particular importance is the role of cities regarding

greenhouse gases emissions. One reason is that urban dwellers
usually own their own vehicles, which directly emit harmful green-
house gases.

Other sources of are construction sites, such as when tower-

ing skyscrapers and residential apartments are built. Furthermore,
it is a fact that urban dwellers tend to use more energy for their
various activities, which necessitates more production of electricity
by power plants.

These in turn release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

This means city dwellers have a bigger carbon footprint (the meas-
ure of how much carbon dioxide they are responsible for emitting)
than people who reside in rural areas.

Another factor to take into account is how well reforestation

efforts can help reduce the impact of the heavy carbon footprint of
urban dwellers.
 77
Proving substantially that reforestation helps minimize the
impact of greenhouse gases emissions from cities would be very
helpful; and thus such efforts could play a strong role in slowing
and perhaps even reversing climate change.

Climate change needs to be reversed; otherwise, the human

race will not survive its aftermath.
 78

Can I Produce a Template for a Cer-

tificate in Change Management My-
self?

Actually, anyone who has adequate knowledge of a personal

computer, and its word processing program can easily follow a
template and create change management training certificates that
are customized for the program of their organization.

The change management template simply shows you how

the finished certificate will look. The first factor is the size and type
of fonts to be used. Select fonts that look good when used together,
and create a classy appearance that will jive well with the other
elements of the certificate.

It is usually advisable to center all the content, since this is

how the best certificates look. You should then create very nice-
looking borders (straight lines generally look much better than
more complicated swirly ones). Maintain adequate spacing between
the content and the borders.

If you can have someone create or scan a picture of the orga-

nizational logo for integration into the layout, that would be really
good. If you have a color printer, then perhaps color the logo as
well. Yet, black and white also looks good anyway.

It is very important to show what the certificate is for in the

main heading. For example, if this is a Certificate for Completion of
ITIL Training, then indicate that in the main heading with generally
a larger font than that used for the rest of the content. You may
choose to make that main heading bold or italicized as well.
 79
Never forget to include the date when the training was com-
pleted, as well as the signatures of the people who are bestowing
this certificate on the recipient. Later, a dry seal can be embossed
on the certificate to make it look really official.
 80

Eight Steps to Successful Change

Management and Organization

Change management will definitely create a huge impact on

the organization. To achieve positive results, everyone should join
hand-in-hand in ensuring that the new processes remain intact,
while focusing on improving the system further. There have been
many change management principles formulated in the past, but
only a few were applied by various organizations. One of these is
the John Paul Kotters eight steps to successful change.

John Paul Kotter is a Harvard Business School professor,

who is widely regarded as the one of the world's most brilliant
authors on leadership and change. His works include The Leading
Change (published in 1995) and The Heart of Change (published
in 2002), both made a mark on how organizations can actually
manage and implement changes. Kotters eight steps to change
model is summarized as follows:
x Increase urgency by inspiring people to move and
make achievable objectives.
x Build a guiding team with the right emotional com-
mitment and skill sets.
x Establish the right vision for the team to drive work
efficiency.
x Involve as many people as possible, and communi-
cate the essentials to appeal and respond to peoples
needs.
x Empower action by focusing on giving constructive
feedback and support while recognizing good work
behaviors and achievements.
x Set goals that are easy to achieve, and finish the cur-
rent phase before starting a new one.
 81

x Encourage determination by relaying up to date in-

formation on the ongoing progress of the project.
x Reinforce the value of successful change by recruit-
ing, developing and promoting new leaders.
 82

Change Management Conclusion

The Three Ps to a Successful Transi-
tion

Drawing conclusions because of change management is not

an easy task. There are many things to take into consideration when
striving to draw conclusions regarding what transpired during the
change process. There are three Ps to take into account. These are
the people, policies and processes. They determine how change
management can directly influence the organization.

(a) People: Its a given that this is the most important

aspect of the change process. Its because people
working on a certain project are considered the
front liners, making decisions and plans to ensure
success in every phase of the change process.
Though its hard at times to unlearn old behaviors
and techniques, it is still a must to embrace
changes in the organization. This way, they can
focus more on what can be contributed, rather
than resisting team efforts on what needs to be
done.
(b) Policies: If we are talking about changes in an or-
ganization, this means that there are certain poli-
cies that need to be revisited to determine if these
still apply to the new goals and objectives of the
company. Though policies are governed by com-
pany rules and regulations, there are still some
exceptions that should be taken into considera-
tion to decide if these hinder the change process
from successful implementation.
 83
(c) Processes: As mentioned, old habits are hard to
break and so are old processes. But then again,
with the introduction of advance tools and
equipment, its easy to carry out new processes.
Though there are some previous processes that
should be kept, change is still inevitable, as find-
ing simpler and/or better means of doing work is
still a top priority.
 84

The Grief Cycle The Change Man-

agement Grief Resistance Tool

Change management is the identification of techniques or

approaches needed for a smooth transition from an existing state to
a desired one. Use careful planning for changes within an organiza-
tion to anticipate potential disruptions or threats, such as resis-
tance from people who are not yet ready for changes to take effect.

This is why assessing change readiness is very important to

develop ways to successfully introduce, and in the long run, imple-
ment the new process. The role of change management is very
critical to identify the impacts that changes will most likely have on
individuals behaviors, and work ethics that eventually will greatly
affect the business operations.

By studying the Grief Cycle you can understand an individu-

als grief resistance to change. Its a tool developed by Elisabeth
Kubler-Ross, MD, a Swiss-born psychiatrist and author of the book,
On Death and Dying. Most companies have adapted the stages of
the Grief Cycle and these are as follows (in sequential order):
x Shock a sense of being paralyzed, distant, and re-
moved from one's feelings of grief.
x Denial - difficulty in accepting the reality of change.
x Anger developing ill feelings toward the people re-
sponsible for the change, usually management.
x Bargaining trying to get the best out of the situa-
tion.
x Depression - acceptance of the losses that may come
in the way when changes are realized.
 85

x Acceptance coming to terms with change versus

losses, facing the reality and moving on to a new
commitment.
 86

Impact of Change Management to

Small or Large Firms

Where change management takes place, large or small firms

experience a degree of impact when the change is undertaken.
They may be variations as how the impact is felt, but just as it is,
change needs to take place toward better results in the future.

The larger the firm, the broader an area change management

is responsibility for. One of the reasons why change management
takes place in an organization is to improve the quality of service,
thus reducing cost and yielding higher revenues.

Large firms have greater resources than small ones. As

change management takes place, large firms have advantage in
terms of continuity of change management plans and strategies,
support from executives, and the task of delineating functions
among affected groups within the change management.

In terms of saving time and money, the amount of each in-

curred varies depending on the size of the firm. This also goes for
handling people's reactions to change; they may entail a need to set
up of strategies for the people to appreciate and understand the
changes. Its easier to deal with people in small firms, as people in
large firms have the tendency to create groups that more often than
not oppose managements plans. In small firms, holding a one on
one talk can explain everything to its members.

Change Management in large firms and small firms has to be

carried out as planned. There might be differences as to the impact
of change due to size, but it still remains that change management
is a move toward improvement and success.
 87

Handle Change Management through

Presentations

A company that believes change management should take

place may find it difficult to introduce the concept to people within
the firm. Its a known fact that the instant reaction of people when
change is talked about is resistance. It may come as a shock to
them, if informed at a wrong time and place. The objective may be
good, but if handled wrongly, it may become a disaster.

One way of introducing change management is through vid-

eo presentations. Its one strategy for introducing change into the
organization. The presentation could start with a video about a
workplace and show the implication of the existing problem. The
people in your organization may not be aware of the problem, but
with the presentation, they may begin to realize that such a simple
situation has become a problem, and needs to be addressed. Now
the organization begins to draw the people's attention. This strate-
gy gets people to hold off on their resistance to change, and try to
understand the situation. Its also from this strategy that the organ-
ization obtains support from all levels.

The change management presentation is an effective way of

communicating the current conditions, and introducing a new set
up for better results. It lets people understand how to accept the
realities of necessary change. Alternatives may be encourage to
boots morale for those who may be affected by change manage-
ment. The business organization should care for its people, thus
there is a need for proper handling and planning of change man-
agement. One strategy for letting people know and understand
change management is through video presentations.
 88

The Change Management Process in

Software Quality Assurance

Meeting (or even exceeding) customers needs is the ultimate

goal of any business. This is why processes keep on innovating until
establishing a close to perfect system. This concept also applies to
systems engineering wherein many change management process
improvements are proposed to further develop software applica-
tions.

An essential part of this process is quality assurance wherein

careful testing and evaluation of software applications determine if
they meet the demands of the users and/or customers. Constant
feedback from users and/or customers is also encouraged at all
times, enabling the identification of additional features that may be
incorporated with the current system, as well as provision of solu-
tions or fixes to possible system problems or glitches. There are
many activities associated with the change management process,
they are:
x Identification of potential change in the system -
Changes may happen if a new functionality needs to
be integrated, a system problem has been encoun-
tered or a change request proposal comes in from us-
ers.
x Analysis of change request - The change committee
should brainstorm to determine if the change request
is indeed feasible and cost effective.
x Evaluation of change - The committee decides if the
change will be implemented after carefully evaluating
it.
x Plan change - Identifying the effects of the change to
other areas of the business and creating a plan on
 89
how it will be implemented are included on this
phase.
x Change implementation - Execution and release of
change.
x Review and close change - The final stage of the
change implementation, wherein a review is made by
the business owner or project manager for final ap-
proval.
 90

Change Management Standard A

Step-by-Step Guide to Successful
Change Process Implementations

The change process does not happen overnight. It is a result

of a series of consultations, rigorous planning and careful identifi-
cation of the different policies and processes that need to be mod-
ified to develop a certain business strategy. There are many ways to
implement a change process. However, a certain change manage-
ment standard should be followed in order to ensure successful
implementations.

Here is a step-by-step guide for change management stan-

dard implementation that can happen within an organization:
Configuration: During this stage, there are many activities
involved. These are:
(a) Pre-implementation planning with the customer.
(b) Coming up with the design for multi-track change
process, such as enabling workflows and life cycles.
(c) Modification of existing templates previously used to
comply with the new process.
(d) Additional attributes to Problem Reporting, Change Re-
quests and Change Notice.
(e) Solution testing.

Deployment in production environment.

Adoption:
(a) Building communication overviews and designing train-
ing plans.
 91
(b) Personalized training materials such as PowerPoint pres-
entations and visual aids to enhance learning capabilities.
(c) Role based mentoring.

Training:
(a) Introduction of new process to colleagues and stakehold-
ers.
(b) New process mentoring.

Actual Roll Out

This is a change management standard, but it does not apply

to all organizations. The change implementation process depends
on how many changes were introduced, and how many people and
processes were impacted. When these are identified, then it is time
to develop strategies on where the implementation process starts.
Proper guidance from leaders is therefore necessary during these
times.
 92

Change Management Strategies to

Ensure Business Success

To meet the demands of the growing market, companies

have to find ways to do business better. Competition is very stiff, as
companies tend to be more accepting of changes that will eventual-
ly make them stand out above the rest. During these times, business
development planning is needed to establish achievable goals and
formulate different strategies.

Change management strategies are carefully thought of to

achieve business growth and development that may lead to the
following:
x Sales development Increase in sales as a result of
the development of new business strategies and initi-
atives.
x New product development Introduction of new
products as a result of constant feedback from cus-
tomers.
x New market development Use of improved market-
ing techniques to reach a wider spectrum of potential
clients.
x Business reorganization and process development
Focus on how to develop different cost effective ap-
proaches to make sound decisions for business devel-
opment.
x Resource management Careful distribution of re-
sources needed to make things happen.
x People management Selection of the right people to
handle the work needed to implement business
changes.
 93

x Strategic partnerships Acquiring partnerships with

other companies that share the same vision and
goals.
x International development Developing new stan-
dards that will drive international recognitions and
ties.

These are just some of the ways in which business develop-

ment process can take place. If change management was imple-
mented properly, then nothing will go wrong. Building a strong
foundation, and keeping the goals in place will definitely ensure
business success.
 94

Tips on How to Apply Change in Man-

agement

Before you can start any change in management, you have

know what you want to change in your organization, and why you
need to apply those changes. You also need to plan how you can
change it, and achieving these changes. Identifying who is affected
and preparing on how they react to it is very important.

Realizing how much change you can achieve, and what areas
of change you need help with are the two aspects you need to
consider. You dont need to promote change as if you are in a hurry
to apply it; thats not a very good strategy for successfully instigat-
ing change. Instead, you need to manage and understand carefully
how people can adjust and cope with the changes in the situation.
Any change in an organization can be troubling and needs support,
especially from the managers.

You have to check with those people affected by the changes

in management to see if they agree with them, or at least realize the
importance of these changes. This a chance to decide on how you
can create changes, and be involved in their development and
application. If you think its essential to obtain the necessary
change in management, you have to explore the reasons why
theyre needed right away. Managing change needs considerate
planning and responsive execution. You need to involve and consult
people affected by these changes. But, if you push and force these
changes on people, then conflicts arise. Change in management
should be practical and attainable. You have to realize that these
things are very significant in managing change, even in dealing with
your personal problems.
 95

The Skills in Change Management

Over the years, discussions regarding the usefulness of train-

ing to develop skills specifically in the change management area
have been done. Most often in those discussions, customers chal-
lenge the values that can be learned from this type of training. They
claim that the measure of the impact of the training is only superfi-
cial, therefore acquiring soft skills only, or those skills that only
relate to appearance.

The training change management process includes both soft

and hard skills of equal intensity. Hard skills are those that can
produce visible results in just a small time span. Hard skills are well
defined, and typically involve a person gaining expertise over a
particular task. While soft Skills are those that need interactions
with other people; people who have soft skills, especially when it
comes to managing change, are prone to trials, and possess objec-
tives not in synch with the goals of the organization. Getting soft
skills imposes burden on management. Soft skills do not fit a world
where time is very important and management demands effortless
solutions to solving problems.

An example of a manager with soft skills is one that resists

changing the way the change is implemented, even if the project
has already failed. He finds it easy to put the blame on those people
who didnt want the planned change to be implemented in the first
place. Soft Skills are difficult to possess, while hard skills are very
easy. Managers are judged by how well or poorly they apply their
skills in the application of their chosen career.
 96

Easily Search Change Management

Articles

Change management has become more complicated and

more sensitive as organizations grow. It involves not only the
business organization, but also psychology, engineering and beha-
vioral science. If your organization is thinking of initiating change
management proceedings, then reading and studying some articles
on the subject will help you get started.

You can easily get tons of information on change manage-

ment articles on the web by going to your favorite search engine.
There are millions of articles out thereresources waiting to be
discovered. They all have valuable information to share.

The State of Virginia actually offers online articles that are

quite valuable. Aside from offering classes and lessons on change
management, they have hundreds of articles on this subject.

There are also consultancy websites that specialize in change

management. Do a tour of their sites and youll not only find more
information about their firm, youll also get free change manage-
ment articles that are very informative. They may offer tips on how
to initiate change management, how to integrate it into your com-
pany or how to make your people be ready for the change. All of
these articles will help you determining whether your company is
ready for change.

These online learning resource centers will be your library of

information on change management articles, and can even improve
your leadership and management skills. Other sites offer links to
published books that may be of interest to you. They often have
summaries and sample pages for review.
 97

So, if youre looking for some change management articles,

thank the heavens that online articles are readily accessible any-
time, anywhere.
 98

The Importance of Receiving a

Change Management Award Certifi-
cate

We all know that its important for decision makers of an or-

ganization be able to design, communicate and implement change
management efforts properly, so that the organization prospers
from the changes. The good part is that, if the organization does
really well in this endeavor, it may be recognized for its efforts with
a change management award certificate. It shows that the other
members of the same industry or occupation recognize that the
organization (or award recipient) has shown remarkable progress
in initiating changes in its processes; remarkable enough for others
in the same industry to follow its example.

To be honored by your peers is actually a double-edged

sword, so to speak. On the one hand, it does bring glory to your
organization, since it was selected above all others in the same
industry or occupation for the award. On the other hand, it puts a
certain degree of pressure on the organization to sustain its efforts
to be at the top of its game and be an industry leader, as befits one
in the position of being an award certificate recipient.

Is it possible for one organization to consistently be recog-

nized by the same award-giving body year after year? That is where
the pressure comes from. An organization may choose to raise its
game to a certain level, then stay at that level without further
improvements. If the organization does not make further changes,
others within the same industry may have a faster learning curve
and even use the lessons learned from the award recipient so that
they can become industry leaders.
 99
All organizations have to fight against obsolescence, they
have to prevent themselves from becoming outdated in their field.
Even nonprofit organizations have to stay up to date on ways to
change positively, so that they remain relevant to their field.
 100

Change Management Books That

Can Help You in Your Business

As they say, the only constant in this world is change. And

without it, you cant develop new ways to improve methods, sys-
tems, and management in your business. It is important for com-
panies to plan, deal, manage and anticipate change. There are
different change management books that can help you with your
various needs in managing and improving your business. Heres a
list of the top books that will aid you in change management:
The Unshackled Organization: Facing the Challenge of Un-
predictability Through Spontaneous Reorganization - by Jeffrey
Goldstein. The author is a consultant and management professor
who studies the new ways change occurs. This book is suggested by
practitioners in Organization Development.
Leading Change - author: John P. Kotter this book talks
about the different strategies for change that are often unsuccessful
because the changes dont really modify the behavior. In this book,
he identifies the general errors in the implementation of change.
Force For Change: How Leadership Differs from Manage-
ment: by John P. Kotter - this is another book written by Kotter
that talks about the different issues about change. It also deals with
how change management is associated with the distinction between
the management and leadership.
Beyond Certainty: The Changing Worlds of Organizations,
by Charles Handy - the author was described as one of the U.K.s
most important management thinkers. Hes also the author of the
best selling book, The Age of Paradox and The Age of Unreason.
These are just some of the best books that you can purchase
online. These books can help you in aiding your business in improv-
ing service to clients and your employees.
 101

Pictures of Change Management

The culture of every organization is a result of the beliefs,

values, behaviors, and attitudes imparted by the employees. The
culture of any people can be seen through their languages, symbols,
legends, stories, and practices in their daily work. To emphasize the
values and the culture the organization desires, they can use moti-
vational and inspirational pictures, posters, and prints that will
remind the people of the most significant and respected features
they want to impart to them.

Success, which is the goal of every business or organization,

can be found from people, processes of the work, investors, and
customers. Motivational pictures can remind the people daily of
this important fact. Pictures about teamwork in change manage-
ment will remind the employees of how essential the cooperation of
every staff member is when it comes to managing and implement-
ing change. Providing the big picture regarding where the organiza-
tion is heading is also an important factor in creating commitment
from the employees, and the ownership of the organization. In
change management, dedication, loyalty, and responsibility will
ensure the tasks are accomplished. Inspirational pictures can help
create an environment for the people to be committed to all the
goals of the organization. A picture of leadership can help convince
every member of the organization that theyre leaders in their own
way, which can help reaffirm the goals of the organization for
change.

Select pictures that call attention to the people of the effec-

tiveness of change to the organization, and also change to the
people behind every organization.
 102

The Importance of the Change Man-

agement Process in Software Testing

The difficulties that lie in software testing come from the fact
that different people have different perceptions of what good
quality software is. End users may think that quality software is
simply software that can work for them when they need it. Software
developers have a deeper definition of quality software it means
software that meets the standards of usability, precision, functio-
nality, dependability, scalability and performance.

To satisfactorily carry out the change management process

in software testing, the software development team should gain a
holistic view of the entire software testing process, as well as the
ability to zero in on each stage of testing that the software has to
undergo. This rule is applicable to the testing of all types of soft-
ware solutions whether they are meant to be used by small-scale
organizations or large enterprises.

To find out if the change management process your software

development team has set in place is the right one, certain ques-
tions have to be adequately answered. First, are the right tests being
used to uncover the vital requirements demanded of the software?
Second, can these tests be used effectively on particular software
configurations based on different platforms?

Other questions to ask could be: Can complicated, multi-

configuration test conditions be experienced through virtualiza-
tion? What tests should be conducted first? When do these tests
become obsolete or outdated, and when should new tests be set in
place to replace the obsolete tests? How does one define a software
defect? How can a software defect be solved or changed? What
progress is the testing team making in the software testing process?
 103
And of course, the final question should always be: Is this program
ready to be released to our end users?
 104

The Parts to a Great Change Man-

agement Project Plan

Change management seems to be a fashionable term being

bandied about by people in different industries. However, the term
is so broadly used over a range of occupations that it seems hard to
pin down what features to expect from a great change management
project plan. The good thing is that there are commonalities be-
tween all types of change management project plans that we can
identify and define.

First, any change management project plan has to factor in

the limitation of a budget. Unless the organization and its stake-
holders have unlimited financial resources, all organizations have
to be realistic and stay within budget. Otherwise, the changes
become impractical to implement.

Second, the decision makers have to be aware of what orga-

nizational processes currently exist, and what changes are to be
implemented; as well as how the existing organizational processes
stand to be affected after the program has been completed. This is
very important so that the organization members are prepared to
incorporate changes into their usual activities.

Third, the change management project plan should list who

are the stakeholders who stand to be affected by the project. This
also means tagging certain people or groups as change agents who
have crucial roles to play in the change management effort.

Fourth, the planners should determine the parameters to

measure the change management project as to effectiveness and
efficiency. This helps to narrow down what changes should be
carried out, and which are superfluous activities.
 105

This list is not comprehensive. However, understanding the

tips here will go a long way toward creating a great change man-
agement project plan.
 106

Important Tips on Handling Change

Management Projects

Change management communication is an important part of

the process in change management. If you dont know how to
effectively communicate with your employees and your clients its
impossible to achieve change.

In creating change management projects, you have to keep

in mind that you have to involve people to achieve the desired
change. In creating your own projects, you have to be careful in
doing mindset change and changing attitudes because it leans
toward forcing people to change radically. It also suggests that the
people youre working with have the wrong mentality or mindset. If
your employees arent achieving their goals and targets in their
jobs, then the company has the wrong implementations; and should
not blame the people.

The change in the system, policies, transfers and others

should be explained to people so that they can participate in vali-
dating and improving the changes. The company will naturally feel
some resistance whenever change management projects are in-
itiated, and your patience and tolerance will definitely be needed in
these situations. This is a natural tendency of employees because
theyve already made their existing work a comfort-zone of sorts.
But, in order for the company to move from its current state to the
desired future state, change management projects will have to be
implemented regardless of the strong feelings by employees.

While there may be people who welcome change wholehear-

tedly, they may not be the right ones for the company. The ones
who are more dependable in terms of skills and knowledge tend to
be the ones who are more rattled with change management
 107
projects. The key here is to always be mindful of the employees
strengths, feelings and weaknesses. A good leader who practices
management by leadership will eventually lead the company to
success.
 108

The Speaker for Change Management

Change Management has been a popular topic for many pro-

fessionals around the world. A Change Management speaker is one
who provides researches about change management, knowledgea-
ble training; and offers keynotes on Change Management through
presentations and workshops for any event or conference.

In looking for the right Change Management speaker, look

for someone that provides presentations that are customized, and
one that has been a featured speaker for Human Resource events
and conferences associated in the industry. A good change man-
agement group includes instructors and executive presenters from
large organizations. The instructors must offer examples and share
values from their past experiences from managing big organiza-
tional change to ENRICH and solidify the key concepts of the
program. The methodology and the materials provided by the
change management speakers must be research-based, with lessons
studied from multiple researches, with its end users coming from
different organizations and countries. For the involvement of the
audience, the speaker must also provide interactive sessions that
prioritize experiential learning. The audience must have a hands-on
understanding of the best practices for Change Management. The
models and the processes involved must also be holistic and enable
fast understanding of an organization. The tools provided must be
easy to use.

In looking for the right and best change management speak-

ers, be wise and try to look for speakers that possess the qualities
mentioned above. Look for someone that will provide you with all
the things that you need to know about the organization where you
belong.
 109

Basic Theories of Change Manage-

ment

There are several theories of change management that are

beneficial to organizations. Its a desirable skill, and an essential
process of organizing and improving your organization. However,
few companies need to reconstruct new corporate structures and
processes. This is a brilliant idea, having abundant opportunities to
improve and develop the systems in your organization.

Theories of managing change: You need people to substitute

the economy. That means, you have to use the concept that your
employees are your customers who trust and lean on your out-
standing service and management. Companies today apply this
theory and method. Other theories include dispersing power to
increase it, support creative dispute, and build independent teams.

These are just some of the alternative management tools that

have been developed by clever micro-electronic companies. These
came from Geoffrey James, which he wrote in a book that investi-
gates the environment controlled by Microsoft and other technolo-
gy giants in the world, such as Compaq and Dell. James argues that
extraordinary industries today have created need as the root of
discovering new ways of managing companies, and these methods
are based on the finest people in the business. He claims that the
old idea of business as an instrument, a money making machine,
has vanished. Now, its basically a community wherein managers
communicate properly with their staff, make opportunities and
activities for group interaction, and create a fun environment in
the workplace. Treating staff as equals instead of children is the
concept of this theory. This also means that its equally important
to hire motivated people. This includes putting an end to separating
the workers and the boss in any socializing activity, and other perks
 110
in the workplace. These theories give companies a great advantage
to develop their methods and further improve their services. Inno-
vating new ways is very essential in keeping your clients and your
employees both happy.
 111

Nutritional Time Frames and Trial

Periods in Change Management

The health of company employees greatly affects its success.

This fact has been increasingly understood, especially to the change
management agents. There has always been an intensive corporate
effort in keeping all the employees within an organization healthy
and productive. This effort goes beyond health services that include
programs for the prevention of any diseases that might affect the
employee. Promotion of health programs is a very important com-
ponent in the efforts of prevention.

The current study about the long-term impacts of the health

of an organization, and other wellness programs has brought new
proofs about the cost savings to organizations associated with
promoting health interventions. The vital element in this effort is to
attract the participation of all employees, and change the attitude of
managers at risk by making clear the benefits they can get. The
study presented evidence attending and completing the trial period
of the program has implications of economic savings for large
organizations and employers.

Change Management requires health considerations for all

the stresses accompanied in the work of the change agents. Nutri-
tional programs that the company conducts can focus on areas like
the use of tobacco, activity or nature of the work, stress manage-
ment, and preventive health practices. The goal of this kind of
program is to promote health culture and productivity, and to give
economic benefits to the organization through the reduction of its
health care expenditures. Employees and change agents are en-
couraged to attend this kind of program for a given trial period.
 112

The Role of Human Resource Man-

agement in Change

The function of the Human Resource Management (HRM)

includes different activities, and its main duty is to decide what
staffing needs the organization has, and the choice of using inde-
pendent contractors or hire employees to work on the needs, ac-
cepting and training the best employees, making sure that they
perform well. HRM also deals with the issue of performance of the
personnel, and ensuring that practices in management conform to
the companys regulations.

Their duty is also to manage the organization's approach re-

garding the benefits and compensations for the employees, the
records of the personnel and the employee policies. There has been
a long-standing argument about the related functions of Human
Resource Management. Should it be organized for large organiza-
tion? The Human Resource Department in today's businesses and
organization plays a major role in staffing, training, and managing
people in order for the organization to perform to its peak capabili-
ty in a fulfilling manner.

Human Resource Management for change processes has

served EXECUTIVES AGENDAS very well, but was viewed as a
block by some organizations. The HR professional, needed by the
line managers, is a partner, an employee sponsor, and a change
mentor. To guarantee the ability to contribute, and the viability of
an organization, an HR manager for change must think of himself
as a strategic partner. That role is to contribute to the achievement
and development of the change in an organization's business plan
and its objectives.
 113

Collins Model Linking Leadership

with Change Management

When changes in the organization are talked about and con-

sidered, there should be a leader who will carefully evaluate all the
pros and cons, and guide the people in achieving what needs to be
done. In a goal-driven change process, there are certain qualities
that a leader should possess to transform from being good to great,
as cited by Jim Collins on one of his bestselling books. These five
levels of leadership are the following:
A keen understanding of Zeitgeist. Zeitgeist is a German
word that means spirit of the times. A great leader is knowledgea-
ble as a result of exposure to geo-political, organizational and
industrial contexts. They should have an acute understanding of all
the issues surrounding his or her environment and act in such a
way that it will be of value to many.
Create a purpose. Leaders should have a sense of direction
by finding out ways to effectively motivate his or her colleagues.
One would be by communicating the companys mission so they
can pattern their values and behaviors with it.
Defining stakeholders. Identifying and understanding stake-
holders will result in a clear manifestation of support for their core
objectives, and outline these in the change process.
Developing and executing tactics. Inviting the stakeholders
in the change process will empower and engage them in reaching a
consensual agreement.
Guiding the process to fruition. Strong leadership is neces-
sary to focus on the objectives, provide support to subordinates and
drive excellent results. Full-time commitment is necessary for
him/her to work hard in completing what is expected to move the
business forward.
 114

Field Titles Change in Content Man-

agement

With technological advances, sharing information via the in-

ternet or intranet has never been easier. You can now share infor-
mation securely or via online posts available to the public. This is
because content management has been implemented in most web
sites, and programmed today by automating menial tasks (like
cities, field titles, status, etc.). Another big advantage of content
management is the easy change of field titles and other informa-
tion. Its easy to update resumes for jobseekers, 201 files for em-
ployees, school records for students, among others via content
management systems.

Aside from changing field titles, status, location, etc., content

management can also automatically convert any information
submitted and saved into its system into any form of document. It
is then ready to be reviewed and printed by authorized people.
Scanned documents and images can also be integrated into the
system for easier sharing.

The goal of content management is the sharing of informa-

tion. Therefore, in an effective content management system,
authorized individuals and organizations should be able to easily
access, edit, search and retrieve documents, forms and other infor-
mation. Editing, updating, revising and correcting information
should not be complicated, and it should be easy to change titles,
location, and other pertinent information. Templates, help wizards,
and other forms of easy to follow instructions should be available.

Securing data is also one of the major features of content

management, and unauthorized individuals cant change any
 115
information in the fields. Therefore, fields entered and stored in
the system are protected and secured.
 116

Definition of Change Management

Presented Using the ADKAR Model

Change is something that is expected to happen over time. It

can either be positive or negative, depending on how a person sees
it or acts upon it. This is why change management has been intro-
duced.

Change management is designed to make a structured ap-

proach to changes for an individual and his or her environment,
and to ensure that the transition from current to new will yield
desired results. From an individuals standpoint, change is charac-
terized by transformations happening on a particular person. These
can be physical, mental, spiritual or emotional changes.

Imposing changes on a certain individual isnt easy. Its al-

ways a matter of willingness of the person concerned as to how he
or she should adapt to the imposed changes. He/she should un-
learn old habits to develop a mindset that can accept changes.

The ADKAR model is a representation of the five building

blocks for changes to be realized successfully by an individual.
These are the following:
Awareness of why change is necessary.
Desire to support and take part in the change.
Knowledge of how to change.
Ability to employ behavioral changes.
Reinforcement to sustain changes.

From a business perspective, organizational changes can be

exemplified by alterations in structure, processes or policies. These
changes do not happen overnight. It is a continuous journey, and a
series of checks and balances until new sets of practices are formu-
 117
lated. But then again, changes require commitment and participa-
tion of all persons concerned to deliver a swift transition.
 118

Choosing the Model of Change Man-

agement in your Organization

As business grows, organizations are faced with challenges,

and change needs to be undertaken to keep pace with the competi-
tive market. To handle change management depends on how
leaders want change to be implemented. The following are the
different models of change:
1. Lewin's model. This is a three-stage process of unfreezing,
changing and re-freezing.
a. Unfreezing is where a level of dissatisfaction is created
with the present set up, and conditions for change are establish.
b. Changing is where organizing and mobilizing of resources
are required to implement change.
c. Re-freezing is where the new ways are brought to the or-
ganization for implementation.
2. Beer's model. This prescribes a six-step process to effect
change management. Focus is on task alignment wherein em-
ployees' roles, responsibilities and relationships are viewed as key
in bringing enforcement to the changed ways of thinking, attitudes
and behaving. The stages are:
a. Commitment to mobilization of change by means of joint
diagnosis.
b. Development of shared vision as to organizing.
c. Draw consensus, competence and commitment to the
shared vision.
d. Inform everyone of the change.
e. Establish formal policies to institutionalize change.
f. Monitor and adjust change, if necessary.
3. Shaw's model. This tends to see change as complex and
evolutionary. In this model, the environment of an organization
does not have equilibrium. Thus, the need to change is inherent in
the system and emerges when the system tries to adapt to the
 119
environment. The change mechanism in the organization is likely
to be messy.
The different models of change management aim to help
leaders in assessing the type of change needed to ultimately achieve
success.
 120

Documenting Change Management

As change management takes place in an organization, it

should be clear that things, as planned, may not work out well.
There will be some point in time that a shift in procedure to imple-
ment change will arise. Just like in life, we learn from mistakes,
and from the mistakes we move on. We try to recall the mistakes
and never commit same ones in the future. Same in business
organizations, you undertake change to provide better results.
However, in business, things happen fast, and it becomes hard to
keep pace with what is going on, based on day-to-day operations.
When change management is ongoing, there is a need to document
the activities where change takes place.

Software that aids a business organization in performing the

best practices in change management is available in the market
today. It aims to document activities where change management
takes place. A change management best practice document or form
is a pre-configured, multi-page form that enables a business organ-
ization to collect and track data where change control process is
undertaken. The software likewise handles the submission, evalua-
tion, approval/ rejection, implementation, verification, and close of
a project. The system allows the business organization to keep
connected with its departments as it documents change activities
and when change control processes are performed based on the
best practices.

Change management best practice documentation is one way

of improving product quality and safety, and at the same time
ensure that compliance imposed by regulating bodies is met.
 121

Enhancing Productivity by Change

Management Keeping Motivation
Alive in the Workplace

What is your motivation in this complicated game called

LIFE? Some may say family and loved ones because they are their
sources of inspiration in carrying out day-to-day activities. There
may be challenges and hardships at times, but then again, having a
proper mindset will help a lot in facing stress and other work
related loads. Others may say money and high compensation.
Setting quality standards to your own imperfections will truly make
a mark in your organization.

However, there are times that change in the way we do work

is presented at hand. This could be change in leadership, change in
company policies, or change in processes to meet the demands of
the business. What will you do? This is where constant motivation
comes in, and remembering your true drive and purpose will lead
you in the right direction.

Upper management carefully plans changes in the organiza-

tion; evaluating each pro and con, not only for the business to move
forward, but they take into account peoples work behaviors. Its
always a matter of having the right perspective. The way we see
things dictate how we adapt to certain changes in our environment.
Though changes are inevitable, we have to develop a keen vision on
what we can contribute, thus enhancing productivity. We have to
take things positively to find our inner motivation in doing our day-
to-day workload. It is truly amazing how a single step can lead to a
big leap in the organization. Having this in mind, everything will
definitely fall into place.
 122

Huse Change Model Management:

The Basic Principles

For any type of business to survive these days, it must have

the ability to adapt to change. It doesnt matter if change is being
made at the corporate structure level, or if changes are made to the
existing business procedures. At the end of the day, what matters
most is the way a company responds to change. They do that by
implementing change management options to flawlessly make the
transition from one state to another.

There are several models, illustrated by business experts, to

help companies transition from one level to the next. One is called
the Cummings and Huse eight-phase model of planned change. It
shares the same principle as the other models, which is that
'planned change indicates that a business organization can exist in
different states, at varying times and planned movement can
therefore occur from one state to another'. Basically, this change
management model just goes to show that change can be handled
efficiently by having a deeper understanding of the organization's
current state, and planning on exactly what to do to transition from
one phase to another. Changes can occur in the organizational level,
or they can also involve business processes. At the end of the day,
you need to keep in mind that its crucial to have a set of steps or
phases to follow before any changes within the organization can
take place. This is so there will be less downtime, the operations can
smoothly transcend from one phase to another, and the service
delivered is not affected at all.
 123

The Importance of Change Manage-

ment in Organizations

It is indeed true that change management plays a very im-

portant role in any organization. With a great demand for new
technologies and innovations, the public is getting smarter as to
what brands to purchase. They now go for quality goods and servic-
es. Truly, competition is getting stiffer, so small companies need to
think of ways to keep up with the changing trends to survive in the
market jungle. So, how can one company gain leverage in such a
fast changing environment? The answer is to change as well.

Change can be implemented in an organization as a result of

both internal and external factors. Internal factors refer to the
current structure and processes of the organization. Is the current
structure still feasible? Are the existing processes lean toward
business growth? If not, then change has to happen. This may also
refer to the current initiatives that internal employees thought of to
introduce new products to the market. External factors, on the
other hand, are brought about by the demands of the customers or
changes made in different organizations that were proven success-
ful. A competitive product from some other manufacturer is an
example of external triggers.

It is a good thing to note that changes made in the organiza-

tion should yield positive results as a consequence of joint efforts
and great teamwork. The involvement of all the people concerned is
very crucial in change management, that everyone should be com-
mitted to meet certain goals. The roles and responsibilities of each
individual should be realized to help the organization and its
processes become stable.
 124

What is the ITIL Change Management

Scheme?

ITIL stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Li-

brary, and it is a well-established set of techniques, principles and
concepts for better IT management. Originating in the United
Kingdom, ITIL is becoming more and more popular because the
process framework is extremely advantageous for IT companies
around the world. When it comes to change management, ITIL has
also developed a procedure to efficiently handle any type of changes
within an IT organization.

Basically, the goal of ITIL change management is to ensure

that any change implemented within an organization is handled
efficiently and systematically. As a result, there is minimal or no
interruption to the business workflow, and less downtime of the
service delivered to the customer. Just like other change manage-
ment systems, ITIL implements a request for change as the initial
step, once the need for change in a particular business procedure
has been determined. To make the transition, there are several
workflow options implemented. First, there is the recursive method
wherein part of the procedure is reassigned. There is also the
concurrent and multi-branching option where a series of tasks are
performed all at the same time. There is also an option to automati-
cally close unused paths or workflows, and finally, tasks and ap-
provals can be co-dependent so that they can be completed prior to
the implementation of change. By following these ITIL options for
change management, you can rest assured that there will be mi-
nimal or no impact to your daily operations as the necessary
changes are implemented in your business procedures.
 125

The Journal for Organizational

Change Management

The rate of change in the world today is faster than ever. Fi-
nancial limitations, latest developments in technology, expanding
of the market, mergers and restructuring, new philosophies, and
legislation in the government are all putting pressure on organiza-
tions and businesses to stay dynamic and change. And yet, the
change process is not so easy, and the success of its implementation
relies considerably on all the managers involved.

A journal for Change Management is unique since it sets the

agenda for the management and development in the organizational
change by evaluating new approaches and theories of research. The
objective of the journal is to give optional philosophies for organi-
zational change and development to accomplish the goal of the
journal. It encourages the search for philosophies that include
critical theories, post structuralism and postmodernism, as they are
applied to change and development. It also encourages the qualita-
tive evaluation of change, change practices, and discourse. The
publication of the papers for the journal must offer a very detailed
analysis and discussion regarding the philosophies and practices
that contribute to the success of the organizational change, thus
making a promising future for the organization and particular
societies of tomorrow.

The coverage of the journal for Change Management in-

cludes the adoption of strategic planning to the need for a change.
It also covers research about leadership, and the responsibilities for
the implementation of the change to follow through; and lastly, the
psychology of the proposed change and all its effects in the work-
force. The benefit of the journal is that it offers many valuable
 126
materials for the specific organization that is committed to the
choice for a change.
 127

Large or Small Firms Experienced

Change Management

Change management occurs in large and small firms. A slow

down in the business organization performance is a hint that
something is not right. Whether in a large or small firm, one way or
the other the effect of the problem will surely be felt. It may be
minimal to large firms, but a big deal with small ones. When change
management is implemented, the impact may also differ to a
certain degree, but nevertheless change still needs to be dealt with
and managed well.

For firms that require delivery of products and services, con-

tinuity management should always be made available. Businesses,
whether large or small, need to have ready solutions to interrup-
tions; otherwise the needs of clients wont be met. The continuity
in the production performance leads to the attainment of large and
small firms' objective of satisfying customers and at the same time
achieving profits to the firm.

Large firms may be capable of handling interruptions due to

advanced technologies; unlike small firms where they manage to
get by with simple machines due to limited resources. At this level,
small firms need to be creative. Regardless of the size of the firm,
whether large or small, they need to address the effects of the
change management immediately. Here are some tips that firms
should keep in mind during change management implementation:

Identify the function, process or procedure.

Identify the risk that may be relevant.
Rate risks as to the probability of occurrence and impacts.
Document or record activities should they recur.
Train staff to respond to the risk.
 128
Review periodically the plan, and test the response as well as
the recovery procedures.
 129

Change Management of Large Busi-

nesses versus Small Businesses

There are several similarities between large businesses on

the one hand, and small businesses on the other. Many of the
concepts that have been created and developed for large companies
are applicable to small enterprises. On the other hand, large com-
panies can also benefit from using the forgotten strategies of small
companies, and vice versa. This is especially proven when dealing
with change in a particular organization. Choosing to set up a
specific project to guide a change is the most appropriate option for
large businesses, whereas the smaller businesses will choose to
manage some changes by the use of the line organization.

Both types of organization, big and small can learn from

each other through this area. Smaller businesses, typically orga-
nized in a lesser manner in the aspect of professionalism, may get
something good from developing projects to manage the different
types of ALTERATIONS. As for large businesses, the first choice for
developing a project could be reevaluated in favor of managing
various changes through line management. One of the aspects that
influence this kind of choice is "attention. The start of every
project will definitely emphasize the change and will prioritize the
commitment for the change benefits from this kind of attention.

Another element that can support the choice of the project

over the line management is "expertise. If change is planned and
organized, different types of expertises not existing in the particu-
lar part of the line organization are very much needed. Expertise is
more understanding and skills of Change Management that can be
solved by the change agent. Small businesses can obviously benefit
from the lessons learned by large ones, and also, large companies
can benefit from managing small businesses.
 130

The Book of Making Sense about

Change Management

Making sense of Change Management is a book about

doing change an easier way. Its suited for anyone who wants to
really understand why changes happen, how they happen, and the
things that need to be done to welcome changes rather than dread-
ing them. The book offer insights into the several frameworks,
models, and methods of approaching change, and can help the
reader in the application of the correct approach for every unique
situation. Contents include topics about individual changes,
changes in a team, organizational change, leading change, mergers
and acquisitions, structural change, IT-based process change,
cultural change, and how to best implement change.

The book is inspired by the story of a guy who wants to do

things by himself, instead of asking for help from others. His job is
to manage change. He does it so well by himself, until his new boss
talks to him and tells him he can't do a particular job mechanically.
The job is about growing a new culture and is also about the people
around him. If a person is part of a team, he has to be involved in
the team; and that started the concept of the book.

The book is for professionals and subjects alike. It identifies

and gives explanations of all the current models for change, and it
also offers practical ideas on how to manage changes. Its the kind
of book that can liven up things from only its title. Making Sense of
Change Management offers toolkits to make sense of change.
However, the contents of the book are not a one size fits all type
of guide for all kinds of change, whatever the circumstances are.
 131

Technology Change Management:

Keeping IT Up To Date

With Information Technology changing the way people and

organizations make and do business, the management of IT hard-
ware has become a problem. Many companies dont know the
proper management of change with technology. We all know that
change is one of the most significant components of any project and
can be a very risky and sensitive issue in any company. Technology
is just one of the many changes management will implement in a
project; and resistance to change is a common reaction of people
directly or indirectly affected. The development of a plan to man-
age that resistance is essential in any management change dealing
with technology.

While the process of implementing the change of technology

is often well planned, a disciplined approach to managing change
with technology is often lacking in many organizational changes.
For effective technology change management, a manager with
significant knowledge and strong leadership capabilities to initiate
and implement the change has to be hired. One of his major re-
sponsibilities is to make the employees understand that while the
project may be extremely vague at the start, the ambiguity will clear
up once it starts rolling.

The company has to have clearly defined objectives for the

technology change at the projects onset, and there has to be a
commitment from every member of the organization. That way
theres a constant stream of communication from the top level,
down to the workforce and back.

Management change with technology requires a delicate bal-

ance between minimizing or completely eliminating risk, and the
 132
exercise of managing assets effectively. Technology change man-
agement assures that the organizations technology will always
remain secure and their productivity at its most efficient by doing
more with less.
 133

GE: Organizational Change Manage-

ment

General Electric is one of the biggest companies in the world

today, but this didnt happen overnight. During the 1980s, GEs
market capitalization was about $12 billion. By the end of the 20th
Century, they had increased it by over $500 billion. This was due
to some radical organizational and management changes initiated
by GE through its CEO Mr. Jack Welch. The management of their
organizational change was also handled by Welch, which earned
him the title Manager of the Century by Fortune Magazine.

The 1980s brought about many organizational changes in

GE to make it more globally competitive. In order to do this,
several unprofitable companies were closed, many underperform-
ing managers were asked to leave, inventories were trimmed and
old-line units were eliminated. The philosophy of this organiza-
tional change was to either be number one in the industry, or drop
everything and start over. This management for organizational
change was greatly criticized, but soon became a standard, and was
adopted by other CEOs in many American companies.

GE also adopted Motorolas Six Sigma in 1995 to help in the

management of its organizational change, and this greatly boosted
its revenues. The basic concept of the Six Sigma was to produce a
specified output in order to eradicate the defects of production.
This is done through a standard form of non-varying processes that
can be measured, analyzed, improved and controlled.

In applying Six Sigma and developing their own unique

learning styles in management, the goal of GE to become the
worlds most competitive enterprise has become a reality. Because
the management of organizational change for GE was so revolutio-
 134
nary in the 1980s, may companies have now made management
through leadership a rallying point in their organizational change.
 135

The Basics of Management: People,

Performance, Change

No matter which type of industry your business is, your up-

per management team should be able to take control of three
things: people, performance and change. A manager should be able
to apply his or her leadership skills to ensure that a person, or a
group of people, work toward a particular goal. Let us take a closer
look at those three things.

First, management involves handling people. If you are in an

advertising firm for example, and youre in charge of a creative
team composed of ten individuals; what are you supposed to do to
properly manage the team so that you can come up with a good
campaign? Primarily, you need to make sure that each member
understands their responsibility. Taking the team as a whole, you
need to disclose your goal, so that each individual is aware of what
should be accomplished. Second, management involves supervising
your team's performance. This will test your motivational and
leadership skills. As a good leader, you should be able to persuade
people to see things your way, and do their best to accomplish the
goals that you have set forth as a team. Finally, management in-
volves handling change, which is your ability to relay information
about changes in business procedures, corporate structure, or any
changes that may relate to individual behavior. By knowing how to
properly manage people, performance and change, you can easily
make a smooth transition from being a small business to the huge
company you envision in the future.
 136

The Meaning of Management Change

Change in management must be organized and systematic

when it comes to the application of knowledge, resources and tools
of change. Management change must provide the organization with
important processes that will help it to achieve their business
strategy. Managed change is the method of changing management,
and its designed to bring the people and the organizational sides
together to reap the benefits and results of change. Focusing on the
human factors of change, by way of managing it, will eventually
increase the rate of implementation of the change project, thus
decreasing the cost of the project.

Change negotiators may identify the possible resistance, its

causes, why such resistance may occur, who could possibly be the
resistant, and the difficulty of the resistance by using models for
managed change to work through the project. To lessen the risks
that may be caused by the resistance, change managers can develop
higher learning systems and communication plans that exactly
manifest the needs of the object for the change. They can determine
the risks of the planned change, and the cost of lessening the risks.

The success of adapting to the change within an organization

is as vital as it is in the real world. Organizations, and the people
under them, are expected to encounter changing conditions that
they sometimes do not have control over. The effectiveness in
dealing with the change will determine how the organization will
thrive. This is why the experts in handling change must manage
them wisely.
 137

Microsoft Organizational Change

Management

As the clich goes, change is the only thing that is constant in

this world, and nothing holds truer than in the corporate and
Information Technology environment. Microsoft understands the
need of both big and small organizations to be able to adapt to any
type of change, which is why they have developed some tools to
make the transition smooth, easy and flawless. They call it Change
Management Service Management Function or SMF.

If there is a change in a company procedure, for example,

one of the most difficult things management has to deal with is the
disruption of the business' operations. To keep the company from
losing profits over the non-operating hours while the change is
made, the SMF tool is used. Heres a quick look at how it works:
First, a request for change is submitted. Then, the request is ana-
lyzed, and its urgency determined. If the change in a particular
business procedure should be implemented as soon as possible,
then the request is escalated. If not, it goes through the normal
screening process. Once the request is screened and approved, then
it is implemented. The goal of this Microsoft's organizational
management tool is to initiate the necessary changes in a particular
business, and to make the transition as smooth as possible without
disrupting the company's daily operations.
 138

Models of Change Management De-

vising Standards for Business Success

The different models of change management were devised to

have a clear representation of how change should be implemented
in an organization. Each has its own benefits, and at the same time
weaknesses, that if change management is carefully planned and
employed will still yield positive results. Some of the different
models are described below:
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Model. This model
focuses on outcomes and work processes rather than on people
issues. Seven principles were designed to improve quality, cost and
time management. These are the following:
(a) Organize around desired possible outcomes, not tasks.
(b) Identify all the processes involved and prioritize in
order of redesigned urgency.
(c) Integrate information processing work into real work.
(d) Treat geographically dispersed resources as a centra-
lized unit.
(e) Link parallel activities to eliminate redundant work.
(f) Build control in the process.
(g) Capture information at the source.
Kaizen Model Its the opposite of BPR, it focuses on long
term philosophy rather than short term change tool. Kaizen
founded five specific elements that are known to be people
oriented, easy to implement and have proven success over a long-
term change situations to allow people time to adapt on the new
process and grow from it. They are:
(a) Teamwork
(b) Personal Discipline
(c) Improved Morale
(d) Quality Circles
(e) Suggestions for Improvement
 139
Deming PDSA Cycle Model. It stands for Plan, Do, Study and
Act. Its designed to create a culture that in constantly innovating
and preparing for change. As a result, people will be more comfort-
able with the change process.
 140

Keyword: CHANGE Objectives of

Change Management Training

Training is something that everyone looks forward to, espe-

cially when a new policy is about to be rolled out, a new product is
about to be introduced to the market or a new technique will soon
be implemented to improve on the current one used every day.
These are just some of the reasons why training is needed in an
organization.

The keyword in these given scenarios is new, which means

that change(s) is/are about to happen. Its very important to focus
on every detail of the discussion, in order to be equipped with the
information required to carry out activities related to the topic
presented. Active listening is indeed very critical as the company
embarks on a new journey toward business success.

When change is taught in training, its important to have re-

levant and concrete objectives that everyone is aware of before
training starts. This is to set the audiences expectations on the
outcome of the training. For Change Management, here are some of
the objectives that should be achieved by the end of the training:
(1) Understand the effects of change on individuals and
organizations What are the possible outcomes or results?
(2) Assess change readiness - Is everyone ready for
change to be implemented?
(3) Define change management strategies What are the
strategies or techniques linked to change management?
(4) Develop a high degree of competence when managing
change How can change be implemented so everyone is ready for
it?
 141

Organizational Change Management

Program Providing Solutions for
Transition

Are you up to getting a promotion within your organization?

Or would you like to shift careers because you think you can do
more than what your current work requires? If your answer is Yes
to either question, then you are up for an Organizational Change
Management Program. Its designed for those who would like to
broaden their experience in the field of organizational change
management as future managers or change consultants, as well as
those who would like to transition to this profession.

Organizational change management is the process of prepar-

ing, motivating and managing people to meet new business chal-
lenges associated with changes in the environment, which include
technological changes. There are certain tools that management
uses to effectively move organizations or groups through change.
Organizational change management solutions help personnel
within the organization achieve expected business results.

Many web sites offer Organizational Change Management

training courses to interested individuals. If ever you are interested,
a form is available for you to fill out if you decide to sign up for the
program. Some sites impose certain requirements for interested
applicants. For example, the Milano site, it requires applicants to
have at least 3 years of work experience. The courses taught equip
students with the ability to develop basic analytical skills with
theories of management and organizational behaviors. Some of the
courses offered are:
(a) Managerial economics.
(b) Quantitative methods.
 142
(c) Management and organizational behavior.
(d) Policy analysis.
 143

Tips on Carrying Out Organizational

Development Change Management

Organizational development, as the term implies, is the

process by which an organization survives and thrives through the
years of its existence. Thus, organizational development change
management is the process by which decision makers attempt to
manage the changes that are inherent with any effort at organiza-
tional development.

To properly carry out organizational development change

management, decision makers need to first create a well-structured
plan for organizational development. Many change management
efforts fail because decision makers (or those designing the organi-
zational development program) didnt structure the program
properly. A half-baked effort is worse than no effort at all because it
may result in changes detrimental to the organization.

Next, organizational development change management must

be communicated to all affected levels of the organization. Granted,
not all members will be affected by the changes, but those who will
should be informed beforehand so that they prepare. Everyone
knows that ill-prepared employees have the odds stacked against
them when it comes to properly and adequately handling change(s)
related to organizational development.

Sometimes, for organizational development change man-

agement to be successful, the concepts and principles used should
be as simple as possible. The same goes for the execution of the
program sometimes, the simpler the process being installed, the
better it will be for the organization and all affected audiences, in
the end. Its perfectly obvious that the more complex the program,
 144
the harder it will be for people to integrate it into their daily re-
sponsibilities.
 145

PowerPoint Presentation of Change

Management Getting a Glimpse of
Change Management Concepts

When talking about the concept of change management, its

better to first acquire information to understand it clearly, before
applying it in the organization. Change management cannot only be
read in books by change management advocates and geniuses. It is
also learned through classroom training and discussions by taking
different change management courses available online.

As with any other process or concept, there is a correspond-

ing tutorial on the Internet. The same goes for change manage-
ment. This may seem more practical because most tutorials that
come in PowerPoint presentations can be accessed or downloaded
for free. Though the basics can be learned from these online mate-
rials, it is still advisable to take change management training
courses to have an extensive look at the change process.

To search for PowerPoint presentations and tutorials about

change management, all you have to do is launch your computers
default Internet browser and visit your favorite search engine. After
that, type in the words PowerPoint presentations for Change
Management and a list of sites containing this information will be
displayed. Clicking on the best possible site will then give you
information you need to know about change management and you
should be all set.

After carefully studying the concept behind change man-

agement, it is still recommended to seek the advice of other profes-
sionals that may have successfully gone through all its stages. Its
also best to consult your colleagues, and ask for feedback and
 146
opinions from customers. Then, after that, youll be more than
ready to take on the challenge of change management.
 147

Project Management Software Issues

Change Requests from Customers

When a huge project is at stake, the company requires many

project management software applications to aid in ensuring that
every single process made within the course of the project is geared
toward success. Such project management software applications
include quality management (for evaluation of the quality of prod-
ucts offered and services rendered), scheduling (to arrange sche-
dules of people who will work on the project, all the resources
required and the various tasks needed), finance (for cost control,
payroll and budget management), or administration systems (for
project planning).

Project management software applications can be imple-

mented as desktop software (installed on the computer) or a Web
application (accessed using a browser). Typically, these software
applications are only accessed by a group of people who were
chosen to work on a particular area of a project. However, not all
programs are perfect, meaning that they sometimes do not work as
designed. This is where reporting comes in.

Users of these programs can call for support whenever such

issues are encountered. The help desk support personnel will then
gather information and open a ticket for that particular issue. This
will be used to track down the source of the problem so that possi-
ble fixes can be implemented. Eventually, this will lead to software
improvements that will benefit both the users and the company. In
addition, submitting feedback is a way of letting management know
what feature needs to be incorporated with the program, among
other enhancements. Change requests are welcome for as long as
they are feasible and practical.
 148

What Does the Job of Project Analyst

Process Improvement Change Man-
agement Entail?

A project analyst for process improvement change manage-

ment does just that analyze a project based on how processes can
be improved so that change management can be carried out proper-
ly. Usually, the term is used for IT-related positions.

If the project analyst is to handle the IT systems for the or-

ganization, this employee will have to supply change management
support for hardware and software, as well as other related IT
assets of the organization, such as network systems.

The Request-for-Change (RFC) lifecycle system also fall un-

der his jurisdiction, encompassing initial assessment of RFCs that
have been appropriately logged; helping those affected by the
changes with regards to navigation of RFCs; guaranteeing proper
identification of change request status through continuous record
updates; and initiating post-implementation reviews.

The project analyst should be in constant contact with key

stakeholders regarding the project status, while also organizing
change implementation schedules. For instance, the release activi-
ties of the different IT environments must be coordinated by mak-
ing the project analyst cooperate with Release Management and
Configurations Management. Other stakeholders will eventually be
involved in the work of the project analyst.

The project analyst plays a support role in the functions of a

change advisory board made up of business and technical experts
who help the project analyst understand complicated RFCs and
 149
provide solutions, if necessary. In turn, the project analyst will have
the support of junior analysts who will be trained in sub-functions
so that the project analyst will be free to work on weightier matters
concerning process improvement change management.
 150

Software Change Management

Keeping up with the New Demands of
the Target Market

Software applications keep on evolving. With many different

ones being launched on a regular basis for various functions and
purposes, competition is getting stiffer as new demands are created
for the target market. With this in mind, developers need software
change management to determine what change needs to be encour-
aged, as well as what innovations need to be granted and which
ones should be disapproved.

On every change process, the software developers and

project management must be clear as to why, what, when and how
to carry it out. Therefore, changes made in the software must meet
the standards of the customers, and should be aligned with compa-
nys business structure. Such changes are caused by the following:
(a) Planned software development: There are certain in-
stances where software requirements and specifications change to
keep up with the rest of the pack. Upgrades on different system
platforms done by external sources can result in factors that will
hinder the program from working as designed. This is the reason
planned development efforts must be implemented, while also
taking into consideration the cost to apply changes to the system.
(b) Unexpected problems: Problems discovered during
software development initiatives are normal, but spending time to
resolve them is an added effort. Its a good idea to realize though
that its better to anticipate such problems will occur and eventually
lead to a working software application.
(c) Enhancements: Ideas to further improve the system
are good. It would even be great if these significant ideas will come
 151
to reality, as enhancements are essential for project development
success.
 152

PowerPoint Presentations of Software

for Change Management

Change happens inevitably. The problems how to manage

the change successfully in an environment that is complex, espe-
cially when there are teams distributed geographically, and handle
volumes of requested activities from many stakeholders and digital
assets.

The PowerPoint presentation regarding the software for

change management provides incorporated and practical solutions
for software configuration management that modernize and auto-
mate the development of the lifecycle processes. Software manage-
ment solutions control and manage asset software.

Companies that offer software solutions for Change Man-

agement must enforce and automate the processes done by the
software. Solutions given by the software can help in the improve-
ment of productivity of the organization and to have a better visibil-
ity of the processes and projects, help manage organizations that
are distributed, and to provide traceability and audit tracks in the
lifecycle to meet the compliance needs of the organization.

The solutions given by Change Management software must

allow the organizational development to communicate, control, and
respond effectively to the rapid change in the demands of the
business. Furthermore, its capabilities of the software and its
integrated configuration must expand easily in all phases of the
lifecycle's application development, including IT projects, analysis
and design, and the quality management of the lifecycle.

It must result in better visibility, increased predictability,

greater responsiveness, and improved systems for software applica-
 153
tions. The software for Change Management must also address the
different challenges of effective Change Management. It must
monitor and track the activities of change associated with the assets
of the organization.
 154

Dynamism Strategic Approach for

Change Management

Change management is all about strategy. Necessary changes

within the organization should be a result of consistent planning
and critical decision making wherein several strategies were
thought of as to how the implementation process for a certain
change should be started, and then maintained to keep up with the
demands of the market. Fast changing environments require
dynamism in all aspects of the business and include the following:
(a) The people Everyone needs to commit
themselves to the planning, implementation
and management phases of change.
(b) The resources All the needed materials and
equipment should be made available at all
times to ensure high quality end results as a
by-product of work efficiency and timeliness.
(c) The culture Learn new strategies and beha-
viors that will positively impact the business
and unlearn old ones.
(d) The processes Keep effective processes, but
constant innovation is also needed for further
improvement.
(e) The systems Upgrade resources and applica-
tions whenever necessary.

Strategic approaches for change management vary depend-

ing on the needs of the business and organization as a whole. There
are certain aspects that should be kept, especially those proven
effective through the years. But then again, thinking of better ways
to improve the current process is also beneficial. Empowering
people is one good strategy. Giving qualified personnel the capabili-
ty of making decisions also means delegating responsibilities and
 155
encouraging them to think of better ideas and make some recom-
mendations whenever applicable. Having open communication will
also break barriers, and certain conflicts will then be minimized.
There are some key elements that should be considered, and in the
long-run, will establish goals for growth, development and contin-
ued success.
 156

How to Conduct a Study of Change

Management Inventories Question-
naires

When we speak of an inventory, we usually use the term to

mean a list of the products and raw materials that a business has in
stock in its warehouses.

To conduct an inventory, the employees are actually at-

tempting to minimize the impact of the actual length of manufac-
ture/supply delay on the end-users (the customers). Usually,
delivery delay is much shorter than manufacture/supply delay, so
the business has to be ready with enough stocks on hand so that
customers are not deprived of the products and/or raw materials
that they need. Its important to conduct inventory at a fast enough
pace to prevent inventory from turning into distressed inventory,
which are made up of goods and products that may no longer be
sold at normal cost (or sold at all) due to deterioration.

Change management inventory, in turn, means taking stock

of what goods and materials are on hand as the organization under-
goes change. To conduct change management inventories properly,
its necessary to use questionnaires (otherwise known as change
management inventories questionnaires).

These questionnaires should ask certain important questions

whose aim is to improve the change management inventory
process. The questions should aim to discern problems that may
have occurred in the past, are still occurring, or may occur in the
future. The questions should also raise possible answers or solu-
tions to those problems.
 157
Questions in change management inventories questionnaires
may be defined as how questions, what questions, and why
questions. These questions will show the mindset of the people
handling the change management process for the organization.
 158

What Organizational Activities Fall

Under Supply Chain Management?

When we talk about Supply Chain Management, we mean

how the delivery of goods, finances and information flow in a
continuous process, starting from the supplier and terminating at
the consumer. In between, all these elements will flow between
different parties, including the manufacturer, the wholesaler, and
then the retailer before they reach the consumer. Thus, in Supply
Chain Management, the flow of the elements is organized so that
the flow between concerned parties is smooth and uneventful.

For Supply Chain Management to be considered effective, it

should culminate with less inventory on hand so that distressed
inventory will not result. (Distressed inventory is the term describ-
ing goods and materials that have reached or are about to reach the
level of deterioration that makes them ineligible for sale).

We can subdivide this whole process of flow from supplier to

consumer into three sub-categories, which are: product flow,
information flow, and lastly finances flow.

Product flow encompasses the flow of goods as initiated by

the supplier and culminating with receipt by the customer. It also
includes any demands by the customer for product service or
returns of the products.

When information flow is considered, it pertains to sending

orders for the flow elements (goods, finances and information), and
updates on where these goods are at any stage in the process.
 159
The last category, financial flow, refers to the use of payment
schedules, terms of credit, consignment, and even title ownership
stipulations to manage financial information.
 160

Theories of Change Management

Brilliant Minds Perspective of the
Change Process

Through the years, brilliant minds have developed many

theories and models related to change management. Some are still
applied, and considered key factors in change management imple-
mentation. The following are two that have been proven effective
concerning organizational change (there are many others):
(1) The ADKAR Model: This model was developed by
Prosci, coming from inputs of 1000 organizations in 59 countries. It
describes the five building blocks required for change to be success-
fully. They are:
(a) Awareness of why is there a need for change.
(b) Desire to participate in the change.
(c) Knowledge of what and how to change.
(d) Ability to implement new behaviors.
(e) Reinforcement to lock in change.
(2) The Six Change Approaches: developed by Kotter and
Schlesinger, it was designed to prevent or minimize employee
resistance to change. It has six approaches:
(a) Education and Communication - Helping employees
see the importance of change and the logic behind it.
(b) Participation and Involvement - Delegating people in
the change efforts will make it easy for them to accept it in instead
of resisting it.
(c) Facilitation and Support - Making employees deal
with the anxiety during the transition period.
(d) Negotiation and Agreement - Fighting resistance by
offering incentives and rewards to employees to keep the motiva-
tion alive.
 161
(e) Manipulation and Co-option - Patronizing gestures
that lead to employee development by having them participate in
change management discussions.
(f) Explicit and Implicit Coercion - Forcing employees to
accept and adapt to changes by making them realize that their jobs
are at stake should resistance persist.
 162

What Are the Theories of Change

Management?

Companies today need to create ways to improve . This not

only includes the service you can offer to your clients, but also
changes you can implement to further develop your managing skill
in dealing with your employees.

Theories in change management are important guidelines

for your company. Geoffrey James, the author of the book Giant
Killers argues that need is the source of conceiving new innova-
tive ways to improve management. And these methods and tech-
niques are based greatly on people.

He says that businesses and corporations today must be

community based and managers communicate openly with their
staff. Industries today need to create venues for social interaction
between employees and managers, developing a fun-filled envi-
ronment. He says that staffs are to be treated as equals, not as
children, which leads you to hire motivated people, and change the
concept of separation between the workers and managers. This
encourages the informal methods of working in the company. It
also eliminates the atmosphere of fear, and functions as trust.

This theory sounds really good, and has proven great busi-
ness outcomes. Success may reveal exceptional management, but it
can also cover up any errors in the execution and decision you make
in your business.

The development of small and medium enterprises heads

along the same path. If you observe prominent companies and
other hierarchy establishments, people-based management is
applied and proven to be effective. Today, several companies
 163
partner with other suppliers, customers and even competitors. You
have to bear in mind that theories in change management are
essential to further improve your service to your company, clients
and staff.
 164

Learn about the Three Types of

Change Management

The term change management refers to the way that a per-

son or team of managers handle the transition from one business
procedure to another. However, change management is not just
limited to such changes. It can also involve changes in the business
structure, or a change in leadership. Read on to learn more about
the three basic types of change management.

The first type deals with changes in business procedures.

This is the most common type of change that a lot of small or big
organizations undergo. With new technology always being intro-
duced, it is necessary to adapt your business processes in a way that
will keep up with the latest technological trends. As a result, the
products or services you offer will always be top-of-the-line, and in
keeping with the ever-changing demands of consumers.

he second type of change management has to do with a

change in your business' overall structure as a result of a merger, a
cross merger or a sale.

The third and final type is changes in the leadership struc-

ture. Every now and then, somebody in the upper management
moves up the corporate ladder, which requires those who are under
him to either move up, or change to a different position. For your
personnel to easily adapt to any of these changes, you should
implement a solid change management plan so that there will be a
smooth transition as your business moves from one phase to the
next.
 165

What is a Planned Change in Educa-

tional Management?

Planned changes in educational management are based on

the concept that schools undergo three kinds of changes according
to renewal, reform and restructuring. They tend to be accepted
depending on the customs and culture of the school, and the pro-
fessional contributions they give the staff. This is because most
people are unsure if they will still be able to do their professional
work satisfactorily if there are interferences to the norms.

Renewal planned changes or activities involve changes that

assist the school or organization in performing at a better and more
efficient way than they normally would. Reform planned changes
usually alter the existing culture, technology, rules, procedures, and
practice of the school so that they can adapt to different circums-
tances (like from all-boys or all-girls to co-ed), requirements (like
additional year level units) and the latest (and future) technological
advances. Restructuring planned changes are activities that change
the way the organization handles or interacts with its clients.

An important objective of the question of what is a planned

change in educational management would be to change the way
people accept change from the reactive and inactive state wherein
they will maintain the status quo. Ultimately, they resist the
educational change in order to preserve the old system of tried-and-
tested education, rather than get to a proactive and interactive
system where the educational system is actively engaged in the
design and concept of the desired change (Benathy and Jenks
1990).

There are many models that can be adopted in a planned

change in educational management, and its a given that adminis-
 166
trators are involved in them. More than that, teachers, students
and the whole educational organization should be informed, made
to understand, and get directly involved in the planning and im-
plementation of the change in educational management.
 167

How Do I Identify What is Planned

Change in Educational Management?

First, educational management itself is defined as the discip-

line of operating an educational institution (such as administration
of a college or university). It should always aim to support the
educational institution, as its main reason for existing, which is to
provide quality education to its students.

Thus, we can say that any planned change in educational

management should never divert or distract the educational institu-
tion from educating students.

When the values that are supposed to be imparted to the

students by the educators are sacrificed for the sake of management
procedures, change is needed. This is the case with many bureau-
cratic educational institutions that are top heavy and put undue
emphasis on Doing Things This Way Because This Is The Way We
Always Have Done It, rather than pursuing innovations that will
help students become better learners.

Some progressive educational institutions have adopted use

of the Internet into their educational processes as part of a planned
change in educational management.

Now that it has been proven to be quite effective at reaching

out to non-traditional learners (who may have other familial or
occupational responsibilities to juggle along with their need to earn
a degree), other educational institutions are following suit.

This shows that sometimes it requires a maverick to show

the way to implement a planned change in educational manage-
ment. This is because many leaders of educational institutions have
 168
become so used to education as it has been practiced in the past
that they find it difficult to adopt innovations as part of planned
change in educational management.
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The Human Factor Writing Conclu-

sion Examples for Change Manage-
ment

Who does not want to read a book or watch a movie with a

happy ending? All is well that ends well is what they always say.
Change management also has the same objective. That is to make
sure that all the processes lean toward business success. This is the
reason why policies keep changing, people keep moving, and
processes keep innovating. Though writing conclusions is not that
simple, it still needs to be carefully studied to determine the factors
that may contribute to possible failure of the implementation of
change, and learn from these lessons.

On the plan change process, the human factor is a key com-

ponent. This is the stage wherein people are given a chance to speak
out and air their views about the changes that are about to be
implemented. Diversity of peoples take on certain issues will
broaden the change management perspective since they tackled all
possible scenarios and results. The differing views of individuals
wont hurt the organization. It is actually a big plus, as long as a
compromised agreement is the end result of these discussions.

Fostering change in an organization is not that hard to im-

agine. All you need is the right people with the proper mindsets,
and the right resources to support the change implementation
process. To arrive at a certain conclusion that is favorable to every-
body, the leaders should also give due recognition to people with
excellent work ethics. This will serve as their motivation to keep on
moving, and eventually reach the top of the corporate ladder.