‘Chem 155 Problem Set #1 2002 Handed out in class on September 6 Due in class on September 18 The following problems are taken from Volume I, pp. 117-119 4) 4.10 (10) 4.13 4) 4.14 (4) 4.16 (10) 4.17 (10) 4.22 (84.25 (10) 4.32 (25) 4.35 (15) 4.374.0 su =0 for an ideal i = ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process. Using this information, calculated from w, the work done on the system. . rgcanve w = (Force) (distance) = (85 N) (0.24 m) = 201 =q+wg= = 205. )A 1.00-mole sample of ammonia at 14.0 atm and 25°C in a cylinder fitted with a movable Piston expands against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm. At equilibrium, the pressure and ‘volume of the gas are 1,00 atm and 23.5 L, respectively. (a) Calculate the final temperature of the sample. (b) Calculate the values of g, w, and AU for the process. (a) Assume ammonia is an ideal gas. The final temperature is PY, (1.00 atm) 23.5) mR ~ (1,00 mol (0.08206 LatmK™* mol) = 286K (b) The problem provides enough information to calculate w and AU directly. Consequently, q can be determined using the first law of thermodynamics. wis related to the change in volume of the system. The final volume is given, but the initial volume needs to be calculated from the ideal gas law: RT, _ (4.00 mo (0.08206LammK mel) @5EH) 7, vata LISL ‘The work done is =2.20 x 10° J av = —.oam@asi—12s1 (32) AU is related to Cy, which can be calculated from Tp = 35.66 K~' mot listed in Appendix B. Iris assumed that C, and C, are independent of temperature. cy mR = (1.00 mol) (35.66 3K~! mol") — (1.00 mol) (8.314 JK“! mol“) = 27.35 1K" ‘The change in internal energy is 33x 10S AU = Cy AT = (27.35 3K") (286 K — 298 K) = Using the first law of thermodynamics, q=AU- 3.3 x 10? F— (-2.20 x 10°J) = 1.87 x 10° Gad) An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 2.0 atm and 2.0 L to 4.0 atm and 1.0 L. Calculate ‘the values of AU and AH if the process is carried out (a) reversibly and (b) irreversibly AU and AH of an ideal gas depend only on T. Therefore, for any isothermal process [either process (a) or (b)], AU =O and AH = 0.{At 373.15 K and 1 atm, the molar volume of liquid water and steam are 1.88 x 10° mand 3.06 x 10-? m’, respectively. Given that the heat of vaporization of water is 40.79 kJ mol calculate the values of AH and AU for 1 mole in the following process: H,0(, 373.15 K, I atm) + H,0(g, 373.15 K, 1 atm) ‘AH for the above process is the heat of vaporization, that is, AH = 40.79 kJ for 1 mole of water. Itis necessary to calculate w and g before determining AU. Since the process occurs at constant pressure, g = AH = 40.79 kI when 1 mol liquid HO vaporizes. In the same process, ~P,AV = (1.00 atm) (3.06 x 10°? m3 — 1.88 x 10° m?) () (#2) Tm) cam, 3.098 x 10° Note that we could have safely ignored the volume of liquid H,O, since it is negligible compared with that of gaseous HO above, Using the first law, AU = q+ w = 40.79 ky ~ 3.098 KI = 37.69 KI ABD 4 10.0-g sheet of gold with a temperature of 18.0°C is laid Maton a sheet of iron that weighs 20.0 g and has a temperature of $5.6°C. Given that the specific heats of Au and Fe are 0.129 Tgr!°C7! and 0.44 5g! °C~!, respectively, what isthe final temperature of the combined ‘metals? Assume that no heats lost tothe surroundings. (Hint: The heat gained by the gold must be equal tothe heat lost bythe ion.) ‘The final temperature of the sheet of gold is the same as that of the sheet of iron when thermal equilibrium is reached, and is denoted by T,. Furthermore, the amount of heat gained by gold is the same as that lost by iron, that is, au =~ 46 4lb WKO0 $

71CO,(2) + 3,00 and has An = —0.5 mol. From this, 4,U® is found. A,U° = A,H° — RTAn 294,94 ey - = ~3226.7 kJ mol”! — (8.314 JK“! mol™!)(298:45 K)(—0.5 mot) (was) 7 = ~3225.46 kI mol"! Therefore, easier = ~ Teens sid 7 0.9862. °C — 21.84" ES ) (3225.48 1d mot Costes (25:67 °C = 21.84 °C) (ares) mol") 3 26.052 KI 7 Cousinaer = pee = SBGLIIC (b) In this experiment, the calorimeter absorbs heat transferred from the combustion of glucose. stosmeter = ~ place 3 6.802 k °C“ (22.28 °C - 21.22°C) ( 0.4654 g 180.2 gmol J(u") A,U? = -2.79 x 10° kKImol™‘The Fist Law of Thermodynamics To calculate the enthalpy of combustion, the change in number of moles of gases in the reaction hhas to be determined. The reaction is CeH20,(5) + 60,(g) + 6CO,(g) + 6H,0(0) 0 An =0. Therefore, A,H? = A,U°+ RTAn = 0? = ~2.79 x 10? ki mol! ‘The molar enthalpy of formation is related to A, H° of the combustion reaction. 4,H® = 64, TF [CO,(6)] + 64,7? [H,0(0] ~ 4,7? [CH,,0,(5)] -64,F [0,(9)] 4, [CoH ,.0,(6)] = 64,7 [CO,(g)] + 64, \ HP [H,0(0] - 64 -° [0,(9)] — 4, H° = 6 (~393.5 ki mol”) +6 (~285.8 kJ mol = 6 (0 kJ mol”) — (-2.79 x 10° kJ mol~") 1.29 x 10? kImol™!