2008

ISBN: 978-960-337-080-2

Copyright 2008

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 11

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: 1995-2006.

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1995 66,7 68,1 55 97,5 65,8 58,1 61,9 67,6 61,9
1996 73,3 75,1 68,5 81,3 77,2 67 67,3 71,6 90,3
1997 79,4 81 78,5 86 84 73,9 73,9 78,5 86,6
1998 86 88,8 87,2 92,8 81,1 79,1 82,1 86,6 91,9
1999 90,2 89,5 92,2 95,9 89 86,4 89,7 90,6 99,9
2000 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2001 107,9 109,6 108,1 108,1 106,8 106,1 104,4 105,4 101,1
2002 117,8 122,5 120,3 114,8 116,1 113,5 110 115,1 105
2003 127,1 137,88 131 120,9 127,2 116,8 114,5 127,4 109,1
2004 135 149,4 140,1 127,4 135,3 122,7 119,3 137 112,1
2005 143 158,8 146,9 131,5 144,1 129,9 125,6 145 113,3
2006 158,5 182,1 176,1 138,5 149,3 134,2 147,7 152 116,3
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12

29% 11%

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 13

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( %)
2000-06 2004 2005 2006

5,5 9,5 6,5 8,0

4,0 4,0 6,0 6,0
3,0 6,0 3,5 3,0
6,0 11,0 7,5 10,0
2,5 5,0 3,5 3,0
2,0 5,0 1,5 1,0
1,5 4,5 1,5 1,0
3,0 5,5 4,0 3,5
3,0 4,0 3,5 3,5
:

1.2.2
, 2000-2006.
( %)

2000-06 2005 2006 2000-06 2005 2006
5 7 8 5 7 8
3 6 8 5 6 6
6 8 3 6 14 14
4 4 7 4 4 7
4 4 7 (25) 3 4 7
8 4 6 17 18 21
10 11 13 9 8 9
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14

1.2.3
, 2006.

( %)

2000-06 2005 2006 2000-06 2005 2006

11 14 16 11 14 15
5 12 14 7 14 11
14 25 21 10 23 22
11 9 13 11 10 14
11 8 13 (25) 11 9 14
20 28 25 23 25 30
16 30 21 14 22 14
16 35 19 15 20 15
12 14 18 12 17 16

11 11 12 10 11 11
6 10 9 7 9 10
8 18 13 7 21 14
12 9 11 11 9 10
12 9 11 (25) 11 8 10
19 20 23 20 19 16
13 12 11 14 21 13
12 14 14 13 19 16
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1.3 .

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24

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(United Nations Review of Maritime
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2005, 2006, ,
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, 2.1.1, -
, , 1970-2006. 2.1.2
, ,
 25

2.1.1
.

( )


( )
1970 1442 1124 448 2566
1980 1871 1833 796 3704
1990 1755 2253 968 4008
2000 2163 3821 1288 5983
2006 2674 4742 1828 7416
: UNCTAD1

2.1.2
2006, .

7415.5 1990.8 683.0 4741.7 7460.4 1940.9 683.5 4836.0
2683.1 100.0 187.3 2395.8 4323.0 1207.4 349.6 2766.0
202.6 108.4 43.3 50.9 50.2 4.3 2.8 43.1
4529.6 782.4 452.4 2294.8 3087.2 729.2 331.1 2026.9
791.7 477.4 53.1 261.2 305.9 54.5 33.5 217.9
1052.5 284.0 102.1 666.4 311.6 71.3 52.4 187.9
2678.8 1016.7 297.1 1365.0 2457.4 603.4 238.7 1615.3
6.6 4.3 0.1 2.2 12.3 6.5 5.8
%
100.0 26.9 9.2 63.9 100.0 26.0 9.2 64.8
36.2 5.0 27.4 50.5 57.9 62.2 51.1 57.2
2.7 5.4 6.3 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.9
61.1 89.5 66.2 48.4 41.4 37.6 48.4 41.9
10.7 24.6 7.8 5.5 4.1 2.8 4.9 4.5
14.2 14.3 14.9 14.1 4.2 3.7 7.7 3.9
36.1 51.1 43.5 28.8 32.9 31.1 34.9 33.4
0.1 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1
: UNCTAD.

1
1964, (UNCTAD), -
.
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26

, , 2.1,
. ,
1970 2006
-
(. , ..). -
, ,
(61,1%, 36,2%).

61,1% 41,4%

A
A
0,7% 57,9%
2,7% 36,2%

: UNCTAD
. 2.1.
,
( ).

2.1.1 ( / ).
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) (ulk Cargo), ,
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).
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) (General Cargo).
 27

[.. -
(containers)], 1.
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) (Crude il).
) (Products).
) (Liquid Gases).
) (Chemicals).
) , .
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(Intemational aritime Organization)
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(International Maritime Dangerous Goods
Code). , , (..
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2.2 .

, 960 . dwt2
2006, 7,2 % , ,
1989,
, 80.
2.2,
, -
. 2007,
1,04 dwt, 8,6%.
, , -
70,5 . dwt,
(6,3 . dwt).
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2.2,

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dwt = . .
, .
28

>1.000 GT
1.000dwt 1.200.000

1.000.000

17,058
800.000
15,668
14,480
600.000
13,840
13,342
400.000
(dwt)
13,305

200.000 13,039
12,916 12,707
12,905 12,646 12,462
(dwt)
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
:
26,247 26,221 26,486 26,942 28,375 30,097

3,686 4,174 4,117 3,909 3,567 3,228

29,933 30,395 30,603 30,851 31,942 33,325

: IUMI (International Union of Marine Insurance) 2007, Copenhagen

. 2.2.
.
( 1 2007 dwt ).

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

: MIU, Lloyds List

. 2.2.
1980 2006 (>500GT).
 29

, 12,9 ,
13,1 . , ,
, 17 .
, 2007,
31,2 % dwt, , 65,9%.

2.3 .

-
,
(dwt). 2006 -
( 6,1 1990 7,6 2004)
7,1, ( ) 1,
29,4 (. 2.3 2.3.1).

,
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dwt , -
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50% .
, -
.

32,0

30,0

28,0

26,0

24,0

22,0

20,0

18,0
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

: UNCTAD
. 2.3.
(dwt)
, 19842006.

1
(ton-miles):
(..
, ).
30

, -
.
2.3.1

(dwt) ( ).

( . dwt) dwt dwt

1990 658 4008 17121 6,1 26,0

1995 735 4651 20262 6,3 27,6
2000 808 5871 23693 7,3 29,3
2004 896 6846 27574 7,6 30,8
2005 960 7109 29094 7,4 30,3
2006 1042 7416 30686 7,1 29,4
: UNCTAD

2.4 .

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, 63,5. ).
, Bulk Carriers
.. Bulk Sugar Carrier ( ) (. 2.4), Bulk Cement Carrier
( ) (. 2.4), Bulk Salt Carrier ( -
) (. 2.4), Bulk Bauxite Carrier ( ) (. 2.4) ....
Bulk Carriers (double-
hull),
5.000 dwt (MARPOL 73/78) (. 2.4).
 31

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Bulk Sugar Carrier). (Bulk Cement Carrier).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Bulk Salt Carrier). (Bulk Bauxite Carrier).

. 2.4.
(Double-hull).
32

) .
(Tanker Ships),
, .

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.
, ,
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:
Water Tanker ( ) (. 2.4).
Chemical Tanker ( ) (. 2.4).
Bunkering Tanker ( ) (. 2.4).
Wine Tanker ( ) (. 2.4).
, -
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Liquified Natural Gas LNG Carrier ( )
(. 2.4).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Water Tanker). (Chemical Tanker).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Bunkering Tanker). (Wine Tanker).
 33

Liquified Petroleum Gas L.P.G. Carrier ( -

) (. 2.4).
) .
,
.
, :
Container Ship ( ) (. 2.4).
Vehicle Carrier ( ) (. 2.4).
Fish Carrier ( ) (. 2.4).
Refrigerated Vessel ( , ) (. 2.4).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(L.N.G. Carrier). (L.P.G. Carrier).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Container Ship). (Vehicle Carrier).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Fish Carrier). (Refrigerated Vessel).
34

Ro-Ro Ships ( roll-on, roll-off) (. 2.4).

Lo-Lo Ships ( Lift-on, Lift-off) (. 2.4).
) .
, , -
, . -
, :
Passenger Vessel ( ) (. 2.4).
Cruise Liner ( ) (. 2.4).
Ro-Ro/Passenger (- ) (. 2.4).
) .
, -
, -
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:
, :
Container/Pallet Ship ( , ) (.
2.4).
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) (. 2.4).
Container/Ro-Ro/Lo-Lo/General Cargo/Break Bulk Cargo ( -
, multipurpose, lift-on, lift-off, roll-on, roll-

. 2.4. . 2.4.
roll-on, (
roll-off (Ro-Ro Ships). Lift-on, Lift-off (Lo-Lo Ships).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
(Passenger Vessel). (Cruise Liner).
 35

off, , , -
) (. 2.4).
, :
Bulk/Oil Carrier ( )
(. 2.4).
Ore/Bulk/Oil ( , ) (.
2.4).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
- ,
(Ro-Ro/Passenger). (Container/Pallet Ship ).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
roll-on, roll-off, (Container/Ro-Ro/Lo-
(Ro-Ro/Container Ship). Lo/General Cargo/Break Bulk Cargo).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
,
(ulk/il Carrier). (Ore/Bulk/Oil).
36

Ore/Coal Carrier ( ) (. 2.4).

, :
Passenger/Container ( ) (. 2.4).
Passenger/Cargo ( , ) (. 2.4).
Train/Vehicle Ferry ( , ,
) (. 2.4).
,
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Pipe Laying Barge ( ) (. 2.4).
Cable Laying Vessel ( ) (. 2.4).
Repair Ship ( ) (. 2.4).
Icebreaker () (. 2.4).
Salvage Vessel ( ) (. 2.4).
Antipollution Vessel ( ) (. 2.4).
Pipe Carrier ( ) (. 2.4).
Oceanographic Vessel ( ) (. 2.4).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Ore/Coal Carrier). (Passenger/Container).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
, ,
, (Passenger/Cargo). (Train/Vehicle Ferry).
 37

. 2.4. . 2.4.
(Pipe Laying Barge). (Cable Laying Vessel).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
(Repair Ship). (Icebreaker).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
(Salvage Vessel). (Antipollution Vessel).

. 2.4. . 2.4.
(Pipe Carrier). (Oceanographic Vessel).
38

. 2.4. . 2.4.
- (Tug/Fire Float). - (Drilling Vessel).

. 2.4. . 2.4.

(Incinerator and Waste Disposal). (Special Purpose Carrier).

Tug/Fire Float (- ) (. 2.4).

Drilling Vessel (-) (. 2.4).
Incinerator and Waste Disposal ( ) (. 2.4).
Special Purpose Carrier ( ) (. 2.4).

2.5 (tramp shipping).

, , -
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 39

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Antilla, Felton, Moa Bay, : Puerto Plata, : , :
Calcutta, : houamshar, : Noumea, Pagoumene.
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 41

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42

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, 9% 13% .
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44

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, -
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 45

(, ).
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2.6.6 .
, -
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(shipping conferences),
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-
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, UNCTAD,
1984 :
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,
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.
, 81 4056/86 (
2006),
.
46

, ,
2008. -
,
, -
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,
.
2.6.7 : , , -
.
, ,
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.
, : ,

(booking note), .
.
, (bill of lading).
(. 178).
, ,
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, (name of ship) ,
1, (names of consignee & shipper),
(loading & unloading ports), ,
2,
(number of bill of ladings),
3 (terms & conditions of the carriage of goods).
,
4 .
,
. -

-

.

.

1
, ,
,
Protection & Idemnity Clubs .
2
, .
3
,
,
.
4
,
, .
, , -
.
 47

,
, ,
, (.
2.6) (letter of indemnity), -

. 2.6.
.

INT GROUP A

STANDARD FORM LETTER OF INDEMNITY TO BE GIVEN IN RETURN FOR DELIVERING CARGO WITHOUT PRODUCTION
OF THE ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING

To : [insert name of Owners] [insert date]

The Owners of the [insert name of ship]
[insert address]
Dear Sirs
Ship: [insert name of ship]
Voyage: [insert load and discharge ports as stated in the bill of lading]
Cargo: [insert description of cargo]
Bill of lading: [insert identification numbers, date and place of issue]
The above cargo was shipped on the above ship by [insert name of shipper] and consigned to [insert name of
consignee or party to whose order the bill of lading is made out, as appropriate] for delivery at the port of [insert
name of discharge port stated in the bill of lading] but the bill of lading has not arrived and we, [insert name
of party requesting delivery], hereby request you to deliver the said cargo to [insert name of party to whom
delivery is to be made] at [insert place where delivery is to be made] without production of the original bill of
lading.
In consideration of your complying with our above request, we hereby agree as follows :
1. To indemnify you, your servants and agents and to hold all of you harmless in respect of any liability,
loss, damage or expense of whatsoever nature which you may sustain by reason of delivering the cargo in
accordance with our request.
2. In the event of any proceedings being commenced against you or any of your servants or agents in connection
with the delivery of the cargo as aforesaid, to provide you or them on demand with sufficient funds to defend
the same.
3. If, in connection with the delivery of the cargo as aforesaid, the ship, or any other ship or property in the
same or associated ownership, management or control, should be arrested or detained or should the arrest
or detention thereof be threatened, or should there be any interference in the use or trading of the vessel
(whether by virtue of a caveat being entered on the ships registry or otherwise howsoever), to provide
on demand such bail or other security as may be required to prevent such arrest or detention or to secure
the release of such ship or property or to remove such interference and to indemnify you in respect of any
liability, loss, damage or expense caused by such arrest or detention or threatened arrest or detention or such
interference , whether or not such arrest or detention or threatened arrest or detention or such interference
may be justified.
4. If the place at which we have asked you to make delivery is a bulk liquid or gas terminal or facility, or another
ship, lighter or barge, then delivery to such terminal, facility, ship, lighter or barge shall be deemed to be
delivery to the party to whom we have requested you to make such delivery.

48

5. As soon as all original bills of lading for the above cargo shall have come into our possession, to deliver the
same to you, or otherwise to cause all original bills of lading to be delivered to you, whereupon our liability
hereunder shall cease.
6. The liability of each and every person under this indemnity shall be joint and several and shall not be
conditional upon your proceeding first against any person, whether or not such person is party to or liable
under this indemnity.
7. This indemnity shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English law and each and every person
liable under this indemnity shall at your request submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice of
England.

Yours faithfully
For and on behalf of
[insert name of Requestor]
The Requestor

: www.skuld.com

.
1 (. 5, . 184) ,
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,
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Ultra Large Crude Carriers (ULCC), 320.000 dwt,
Handys, 50.000 dwt
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dwt ,
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50

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dwt
General Purpose (GP) 10.00024.999 dwt
Medium Range (MR) 25.00044.999 dwt
Large Range 1 (LR-1) 45.00079.999 dwt
Large Range 2 (LR-2) 80.000159.999 dwt
Very Large Crude Carrier* (VLCC) 160.000319.999 dwt
Ultra Large Crude Carrier** (ULCC) 320.000549.999 dwt

* , .
** , .

, , -
, ,
. Panamax,
, Post Panamax,

1
BP ,
2007.
 51

, Aframax,
AFRA Suezma,
. -

.

dwt
Product Tanker 10.00060.000 dwt
Panamax 60.00080.000 dwt
Post Panamax 75.00090.000
Aframax 80.000120.000 dwt
Suezmax 120.000200.000 dwt
VLCC 200.000315.000 dwt
ULCC 315.000550.000 dwt

, -
. 1970 1979,
332 . dwt , 1980 1989,
27,8 % , 239 . dwt. ,
13,89 % 1995, 2000,
, 293,2 . dwt.
2.7.3 .
,
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1990, ..., -
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52

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56

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 59

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60

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 61

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 69

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70

Very Large Crude Carriers VLCC, 320.000 dwt ,

ULCC, .
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 71

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 74

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1951 1982 1990 1992
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 85

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-
.
) (safe manning). -
, -
,
.
, -
(regular wages), (over time), -
, , -
, (long service payment,
7 ), (extras)
, .. -
, , ... ,
, -
( 3,75 ),
.
:
(),
(), (),
, -
,
() ().
-
.

.
5.7.2 .
(cost of fuel oil for main engine),
86

(cost of diesel oil for auxiliary engines)

15% 85% .
.
-
.
Fuel Oil , -
Diesel Oil, . -

Diesel Oil,

.
, Fuel Oil
.
Diesel Oil,
, .
5% -
.
, . -
,
.
.
.
(hull roughness)
5% 10% .
, -
, [
, -
(shifting) , -
()] .
Curacao ,
Balboa , -
.
.

, -
.
5.7.3 .
15% 25%
.., .
, , -
, .. , (, ,
AIS, GPS), (GMDSS INMARSAT) VDR,
ISPS ...
.
/ -
.


 87

.
/ .
, ' ,
.
-
:
) (special survey of hull) .
) (special survey of machinery
and electrical equipment) .
) , (dry docking survey), 2,5
.
) (tail shaft inspection) , (boiler
survey) .
,
,
. ,
.
,
.
5.7.4 .
20% 40% .
-
(Hull & Machinery insurance),
, , , , , -
,
. 3/4
,
.
-
,
, .
.
,
. -
, ,
. , ,
,
. -
, -
.

. (freight
insurance premiums) . -
(loss of higher insurance premiums)
(time charter) -
. , :
) .
) .
88

) .
) .
)
) .
P & I Clubs (Protection & Indemnity Associations) , -

.
(advance calls) , -
( . P & I Clubs)
.
(additional calls). -
,
P & I Clubs, . P & I Clubs ,
.
:
) .
) .
) , .
) 1/4
.
) .
) , , -
.
) .
) ,

) .
5.7.5 .

(voyage estimation) -
.

.. ,
.
BIMCO (Baltic and International Maritime Council), -
.
:
) (port dues) -
, ,
.
) (pilot fees), -
,
.
, ,
.
-

.
,
 89

(pilot ship).
,
,
.
) (dockage) -
.
) (mooring, unmooring, shifting),
-
.
) (tug fees),
.
,
.
) , (canal dues).

. -
.
(SCNT Suez Canal Net Tonnage)
, (SDRs) ,
,
.
SDR/SCNT (Suez Dolar Rates/Suez
Canal Net Tonns).
USD /PCNT (Panama Canal Net Ton). -
,
.
) (agency fees), -
, A, , ,
, , , ,
...
5.7.6 .

, .. (loading), (discharging), (stowage),
(trimming), (lashing), (unlashing)
, ... , ,
, (cost for
preparation for holds), (cargo claims),
...
1:
CHCvs = Lvs + Dvs + Cvs + Ovs
:
CHC (cargo handling cost).
L (cargo loading cost).
C (cargo claims).

1
. , . , . , , . 2002, . 114.
90

(other cargo handling costs).

v (voyage)
s (ship).
, -

, ,

.
.
, ,
gross terms liner terms,
. 5.7 , -
, .
..
,
,
.

-




-

TOKOI

MARKETING

: Cambridge Academy of Transport . , . , . , ,

2002, . 862.
. 5.7.
- .
6.
.

, -
. ,
.

6.1 .

, , -
, .
-
. , ,
, , -
. , ,
, . ,
, .
, , -
, -
, ,
.
, ,
, .
,
. ,
, -
, .
,
, .., -
,
. , .. ,
,
. ,
, -
, ,
, ..
, .
92

,
,
. ,
.
,
, , -
.

, :
) -
, .
)
.
)
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
. ,
.
, -
,
,
.

6.2 .

6.2.1 .
,
. ,
, .
.., , -
. ,
, ..
. ..,
,
,
.
,
. -
, -
. , ,
, ,
, -
,
.
,
 93

, -
, 40/40/20
, UNCTAD, 1964,
1983. , antitrust ...
,
, ,
, .
6.2.2 .
(unitization) -
(containerization),
(containerships)
, -
.
, .., -
,
trusts. , ..
,
, .
,
, ,
. ,
(tweendeckers).
.. , , -
.
, -
, -
.
, .
, ,
.

6.3 .

, ,
.
,
, ,
, . -
,
, .
, ,
,
.. .

6.4 .

, -
.
94

, -
.
,
,
.
, , .
, ( -
) ,
, ... , -
.
7.
7.1 .

-
, (...).
, , -
, . ... ,
, , .
, ,
. , ,
... ,
.
... ,
( ),
.
... , ,
.
, .
, ... . ,
..., .

, -
. ..., ,
... ..., -
, ... ....
, ,
.... ...
,
.
, -
. ,
.
, .
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
96

..., , -
, ... .
, , ,
, 14,1% , -
1.455 ,
..., . ,
,
, .

7.2 .

,
, 70% .E.,
. 2006, , 110
. ,
3.153 , 167,2 . dwt.
20% .
15,5% -
dwt, 21,7%
20,4% -
.
90% .
, ,
, ..,
,
.. . , -
. ..,
25.000
. ,
.. , 25%
.

. 7.2
,
, 1995-2001.

. ,
.
.
, 2005
13,3 , -
, 250.000
.
-
, . ,
, ,
. , ,
. , ,
 97

1995
29.434.695
2001
1996 28.687.240
27.507.109

2000
26.401.716
1997
25.288.452 1998
25.224.543 1999
24.833.280

. 7.2.
( . dwt) 1995 2001.

,

.
,
. -
.
-
95%
(cross-trade).
, , -
.
,
.
, -
, -
.
54%, 31%
.
,
,
2006 14,32 . , -
,
, ,
.
, ... -
. ,
2007, 17 ,
7,6 ..., -
.

, ..
, .
98

, , -
5% .
,
... , .
, . -
, .
, .. , -
,
.
, -
. ,
, ,
, , 16%
.
, -
, -
, , ,
, . ,
,
.
,
,
, -
, ,
.
8.
8.1 .

.
.
.
,
, ,
-
, .
, -
:
) , -
. ..
.
) ,
. .. .
) , -
.
.

.
,
, .
:
) .
)
, .
, .
) . ,

, .
,
.
) , -
.
-
..
100

8.2 .

, -

.
, ,
, ...
,
. -
, , , ,
... 70%

.
-
. , -
. cabotage.
.
, .
, -
, .
:
) .
) .
, -
,
. ,
.
(.
)
. .. -
, .. . ,
,
40% .
.

, . -
, ,
...
, ,
1998 5.000 . 1998,

. , cabotage
,
.
. 2007
4-1, 5-1
6-1, .
. -
.

 101

.
, ...
, , -
.

8.3 .

, , .
8.3.1 .
.., .

.
. ..

. , ,
.
Leadership 2015.
2002 . -
.
.. -
.
, ,
.
8.3.2 .
,
. -
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
8.3.3 .
. ,
-
.. .
:
)
.
) -
( ), -
.
) .
102

) .

8.4 .

..
. -

.
,
.

.
, -
. [ -
(embarkment) (disembarkment)]
. .
,

.
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, , ..,
.

8.5 .

8.5.1 .
,
.
, ,
. .
-
.

.

.
,
, .

.
,
.
-
.
.

. ,
 103

, .


. , , ..
.
.

.
, , ,
.., -
.
.
..
... ,
.
.., , ,
.
.
. -
.
.
, ,
. -
.
8.5.2 .
(conferences)


,

1.
-
:
) .
.
.. ,
.
) . -
, .
)
, -
,
.
-
.
.

1
. . , . 319.
104

. -

,
.
.
-
.
,
,

( -
). -

.

8.6 .

, , , ,
. ,
, , -
... ,
, , -
, .
(flag ship), ,
. ,
,
.
-
(....), :
, -
, , ,
.
- ,
, ,

. , -,
, -
, , , ...
(flag of convenience), ,
-
, ,
.
, (open
registry flags), -
, .
-,
,
,
.
, -
 105

. ,
, ,
, . ,
,
. ,
, ... ,
,
.

, , ,
,
.
, ,
, , -
,
, .
, ,
,
, , ,
.
, 2006, ,
, , .
, - , ,
, ,
, -
. , 2005,
93.026 dwt , 8,2%
. , 2006 22,7%
218,3 . dwt, 171,6 . dwt
1.
8.6.1 .
-
,
, ,
.
,
(1958) 5, -
2.
,
o
. -
,
, ,
, ,
, , ...

1
: Greek Shipping News, http://www.mediashipping.gr, (22.01.2007).
2
. . : , 2003, . 191.
106

, -
, ,
1. , -
, .
, ,
. , -
. , -
, ,
,
,
, .
, ,
. , -
,
.

8.7 New uropean Maritime Order G.A.T.T. (General Agreement on Tariffs

and Trade) .

H (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade G.A.

T.T.) -
(World Trade OrganizationW.T.O.). -
1950,
-
.
G.A.T.T. ,
1990,
(W.T.O.).
H N -
,
.
, -
.
:
) , -
.
) -
, ,
.
)
.
) ,

) ,
.

1
Prestige,
2002,
. (. The Hellenic Radio, www.ert.gr, news in greek
20.11.2002).
9.
9.1 .

, , -
.
, (
), ,
.
,
.
.., ,
. -
,
.., ,
.
..,
,
.
, .. -
, . , -
, -
, ,
1.
, . ,
,
. , ,
, -
. , . ,
.. .
,
, -
,
.
, , -
.

1
. . : , 2003.
108

, , -
, ,
, , 1.
, ,
, .
, ,
. ,
, , -
,
,
.
, ,
2.
,
,
.
, , -
, 3, -
, 2006.
, ,
.
.. , 4. ,
, .
2002 , cabotage,
. , -
,
cabotage ,
, .

9.2 (cabotage).

,
5. ,
, .
cabotage,
, -
, .. ,
,
-.

1

, .
2
, 2
, , , 5 1996, . 103-119.
3
. , . , , . , 2002, . 182.
4
, : -
, 2005.
5
, , , . . , -
, 1997, . 193-206.
 109

, ..,
cabotage - , . -
, .
,
cabotage. , -
,
, cabotage
,
1. ,
.
cabotage .
1989,
, . 4055/
86,
-,
. cabotage , -
2.
. 12 1992, -
3.
.., cabotage
. , -
.
cabotage 01.01.1999. , -
, 01.01.2004. ,
.
, ,
. -
( 9.1), :
) 01.01.1995: cabotage -
. -
650 , -
.., .
) 01.01.1997: 650 ,
.
) 01.01.1998: -
-
, .
) 01.01.1999: 650 ,

(-
, , ).
) 01.01.2004: -

1
. : cabotage, , 3
, 1999.
2
. , . , , . . , 2002.
3
3577/92 .
110

-
1.
9.1
.

1 1995

1 1997
(, )
650 GT 1 1998

1 1999

: . , & .

,
...
.., .
,
, ,
( ) ..,
.
cabotage, -
. -
..,
,
- . :
) -
, .
) .
) ,
,
.
) .
cabotage,
. , -
,
. -
, .
, .. -
,
.. . ,
, -
.

1
. : cabotage, , 3 -
, 1999.
 111

,
30 , 2006,
(17.05.2006). , ,
, , -
( ), :
) ,
.
) (-
) 300 ..
,
, .
cabotage, -
..,
.
, , -
, ,
. ,
( ) , -
, ,
.

,
, -
, 1 ( )
9.2:

9.2
( ).

1
, : -
, 2005.
112

.
10.
10.1 .

..
:
) .
...
, ...
, .
) .
.
) .
, .. -
, .. .
, -
.., .
10.1.1 .
, ,
...
,
.

, -
.. .
,
.
.
,
.
.
20 -
. (volatile
Market). , .
-
, 19811987
60%. ,
114

...
( ). ,
19851999 10.1 10.1,

.

300

250

200

150

100

50
0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
1985 = 100
: Lloyds Shipping Economist, Shipping Statistics Yearbook 1999, ISL, . 186.

. 10.1.
( ).

60 38/4.500 dwt
60/70.000 dwt
50 120/150.000 dwt

40
. US $

30

20

10

0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
: Shipping Statistics Yearbook 1999, ISL, . 109.
. 10.1.
(dwt).

-
. 1
:
) (market risk).
.
.

1
Drewry, Shipping Finance, A High Risk-Low Return Business?, April 1996 p. 49.
 115

) (risk timing). -
, ,
,
.
) (trading risk).
,
.
) O (technological risk).
, 18-24 ,
.
) (political risk).
.
) (macroeconomic risk). -
.
) (exchange rate risk). -
( , , ..) ...
N.E..
10.1.2 .
-
, .
-
. H ,

.
(lenders
risk), -
(investors risk).
) .
.
-
. , -
:
( )
.
warrants, -
.
, -
.
.
,
(, ).
,
.
, -
,
. ,
116

. ,
.
.

, .
80, -
.. .
90 .. ,
.
, -
1994.
.. -
, , ,
. , .. -

.
..
:
.
.
.
.
.
, -
.
,
1980 ,
.
..
. -
. ,
.. ,
.
, -
. ,
.

.
, -
,
.
-
... ,
,
. ,
..,
. ,
.. ,
 117

, .. ,
, .
) .
.
1950 -
1960,
. , -

.
.
-
.
,
.
1974
, ....1,
, .
1974 , 1990
80% ,
8,5 , 7,5%, -
2.
....,
.
-
.
. ,
, .. .
..
, , ... ,
,
, , .
, -
.
, .
-
, 70 80.
.
. -
,
,
.
, -
. -

1
.
2
J. E. Sloggett (1998) Shipping Finance, Fairplay, pp. 21-24.
118

.., ,
,
.
.
,
(, , ..),
.
, .. .
, 100 , -
, , -
, , , .
-
. 70 -
50%, 70 60% 65%
.
40% 60% 60% 80%,
2 12 . , -
, ..
.
-
. -
,
.
:
. , -
, .


. -
...
. , ..
( )
.
(mezzanine finance).

.
, .
.
$ ... :
(spread),
0,5 % 3,5%
,
Libor.
3 6 .
X .
.
,
.
 119

.
, -
,
, .
-

, , -
, . -

, .
,
.. .


.
Securitisation.
securitisation , :
-
,
.
.
( -
) -
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
, -
( ).
-

.
Forfaiting.
-
-
. -
, forfaiting
leasing.
forfaiting . -

, .
, -
.
forfaiter, -
. forfaiter
,
120

.
, , -
,
(.. ),
, ,
forfaiting ...
(leasing).
..
. , ,
, ..
.
, ..
. -
, .
.
,
. ,
, -
,
. ,
, -
, .
,
, ,
, . -
,
15-20 .

. , ..,
.
, -

.
-
(cash flow).
, , . -

. , -
10 ,


.

.
,
.
, .
, ,
 121

.
.

. , ..,
. ,
, ,
, .
(private placements).
-
-
... ..
,
.
-

.
,
,
.

10.2 .

,
, ,
,
1.
:
) (pay-back period).
) (rate of return).

:
) (net present value).
) (internal rate of return).
) (required freight rate).

10.2.1 .

) .
, (recoupment period)
(pay-back period) -
,
. , -
. ,
, (
) ():

1
. , , . . , 2001, . 306.
122

() = /
, :
5.000.000 $ 1.200.000$.
6.000.000 $ 1.500.000 $.
7.000.000 $ 1.700.000 $.
:
+
100

100

100

-
.
, -
. ,
,
.

, -
,
1.

.
, , -
. :
A -
.
.
.
, -
.
-.
) .
(%)
.
, .
,
:
+
1 = 100
+

1
J. E. Sloggett (1998) Shipping Finance, Fairplay, pp. 36.
 123

, -
.. 2:

2 = 100



3 = 100


2 2.
.. , 50.000.000 $.
.. 120.000.000 $. ,
: 120.000.000 $ - 50.000.000 $ = 70.000.000 $.
20 , 3.000.000
$ . , 3.000.000/50.000.000 100%
= 6%. , N.E.
,
,
.

. , -
:
.
,
, .
N.E., , ,
, , -
.
. , -
.., ,
,
.
(Discounted Cash Flow).
10.2.2 (DCF).
, ,

.
.
. 0 ()
, , ..
,
. , -
,
( ). 100
100 5 .

, -
124

, ,
. ( 1 5)
, 0.
,
,
. ,
- .
,
, , . -
. -

.
, 100.000 , 10%,
110.000 , :
100 + [ (10/100) 100] 100 x (1 + 10 / 100).
, 121.000 ..
110 + [ (10/100) 110] ..
, , , o -
n i, n
(..) (Future Value):

.. = (1+i)n
(..) :
.. = (1+i)-n
(1+i)n (compounding factor), -
(1+i)-n 1/(1+i) (discounting factor).
10.2.
i ( 1 i1, 2 i2,
.. ) :
.. = (1+i1) (1+i2) (1+in)
A :

.. = (1+ i/2 )2n

(1+i)n

Ko Kn

0 1 2 3 .......... n-1 n

(1+i)-n

. 10.2.
.
 125

(DCF), -
,
. ,

,
.
-
.
:
(Net Present Value NPV).
(Internal Rate of Return IRR).
) (..).
, -
.
1 , -

.
, :

( K )0 ( K )1 ( K )2 ( K )n
K..A. = + + 2
+ ....
1 1+ i (1 + i) (1 + i)n

: = (.. ),
=
( , , ..),
i = ,
n = .
... :
n
K..A. = [.. ( ) .. ( -
1
) .. ( )]

... ( )
,
.
,
.
... , 0
, ,

. . ...

1
, -
.
.
126

. ,
.
...
1.
.. 100.000.000 $ -
7 . 7 80.000.000 $.
5.000.000 $
15.000.000 $, ,
5%.
:
( cash flow),
.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. -100 80
2. -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
3. 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
4. (12+3) -100 10 10 10 10 10 10 90
5.
(5%) 1 0,952 0,907 0,864 0,823 0,784 0,746 0,711

6. (4 5) -100 9,52 9,07 8,64 8,23 7,84 7,46 63,99

7. ... 14,73

... 14.730.000 $,
.
(1+i)- i = 0,05, (1,05)-.
1,05-3 1/1,053 = 0,864 (
10.2.1 ).
,
10.000.000 $ ( ). , -
. 10.000.000 $
9.070.000 $ 7.460.000 $.
. -
, -
. 5%.
15%,
, ... , (... = 28.310.000 $)
,
.
 10.2.1
(1+i)-n.

n i 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 20% 25% 30%

1 0,980 0,971 0,962 0,952 0,943 0,935 0,926 0,917 0,909 0,901 0,893 0,885 0,887 0,870 0,833 0,800 0,769
2 0,961 0,943 0,925 0,907 0,89 0,873 0,857 0,842 0,826 0,812 0,797 0,783 0,769 0,756 0,694 0,640 0,692
3 0,942 0,915 0,889 0,864 0,84 0,816 0,794 0,772 0,751 0,731 0,712 0,693 0,675 0,658 0,579 0,512 0,455
4 0,924 0,888 0,855 0,823 0,792 0,763 0,735 0,708 0,683 0,659 0,636 0,613 0,592 0,572 0,482 0,410 0,350
5 0,906 0,863 0,822 0,784 0,747 0,713 0,681 0,650 0,621 0,593 0,567 0,543 0,519 0,497 0,402 0,328 0,269
6 0,888 0,837 0,790 0,746 0,705 0,666 0,63 0,596 0,564 0,535 0,507 0,480 0,456 0,432 0,335 0,262 0,217
7 0,871 0,813 0,760 0,711 0,665 0,623 0,583 0,547 0,513 0,482 0,452 0,425 0,400 0,376 0,279 0,210 0,123
8 0,853 0,789 0,731 0,677 0,627 0,582 0,54 0,502 0,467 0,434 0,404 0,376 0,351 0,327 0,233 0,168 0,169
9 0,837 0,766 0,703 0,645 0,592 0,544 0,5 0,460 0,424 0,391 0,361 0,333 0,308 0,284 0,194 0,134 0,094
10 0,820 0,744 0,676 0,614 0,558 0,508 0,463 0,422 0,386 0,352 0,322 0,295 0,270 0,247 0,162 0,167 0,076
11 0,804 0,722 0,650 0,585 0,527 0,475 0,429 0,388 0,350 0,317 0,287 0,261 0,237 0,215 0,135 0,086 0,050
12 0,788 0,701 0,625 0,557 0,497 0,444 0,397 0,356 0,319 0,286 0,257 0,231 0,208 0,187 0,112 0,069 0,043
13 0,773 0,681 0,601 0,530 0,469 0,415 0,368 0,326 0,290 0,258 0,229 0,204 0,182 0,163 0,093 0,055 0,033
14 0,758 0,661 0,577 0,505 0,442 0,388 0,340 0,299 0,263 0,232 0,205 0,181 0,160 0,141 0,078 0,044 0,025
15 0,743 0,642 0,555 0,481 0,417 0,362 0,315 0,275 0,239 0,209 0,183 0,160 0,14 0,123 0,065 0,035 0,020
16 0,728 0,623 0,534 0,458 0,394 0,339 0,292 0,252 0,218 0,188 0,163 0,141 0,123 0,107 0,054 0,028 0,015
17 0,714 0,605 0,513 0,436 0,371 0,317 0,270 0,231 0,198 0,17 0,146 0,125 0,108 0,093 0,045 0,023 0,012
18 0,700 0,587 0,494 0,416 0,350 0,296 0,250 0,212 0,180 0,153 0,130 0,111 0,095 0,081 0,038 0,018 0,009
19 0,686 0,570 0,475 0,396 0,331 0,277 0,232 0,194 0,164 0,138 0,116 0,198 0,083 0,070 0,031 0,014 0,007
20 0,673 0,554 0,456 0,377 0,312 0,258 0,215 0,178 0,149 0,124 0,104 0,087 0,073 0,061 0,026 0,012 0,005
25 0,610 0,478 0,375 0,295 0,233 0,184 0,146 0,116 0,092 0,074 0,059 0,047 0,038 0,030 0,010 0,004 0,001
30 0,552 0,412 0,308 0,231 0,174 0,131 0,099 0,075 0,057 0,044 0,033 0,026 0,020 0,015 0,004 0,001
40 0,453 0,307 0,208 0,142 0,097 0,069 0,046 0,032 0,22 0,15 0,011 0,008 0,005 0,004 0,001
50 0,372 0,228 0,141 0,087 0,054 0,034 0,021 0,013 0,009 0,005 0,003 0,002 0,001 0,001
127
128

T
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3. 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
4. (12+3) -100 10 10 10 10 10 10 90
5.
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 129

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2000 300 700 600 1200 121,64
3000 600 900 1200 2000 556,86
1000 500 600 700 476,33
700 200 300 500 250 276,16
1600 600 700 500 100,38
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142

11.3.1
...
PORT OF
VESSEL : :
REDISTRY
:
MASTERS GENERAL
:2
ACCOUNT

:2

MASTER:
:

PERIOD: FROM 01/04/08 TO 30/04/08

: O

DURATION
MONTHS 1 DAYS 0
OF MGA:

1 0
...:

MOVEMENTS

PORT ARRIVAL DEPARTURE IME IN PORT TIME AT SEA

DATE:TIME- DATE:TIME-

: :
1/4/08 12:00 12/4/08 12:00 11 0 12
28/4/0812:00 30/4/08 12:00 2 0 16 12

312 408
:
13 0,00 16 24,00

 143

11.3.2.
(Stores and Repairs).

STORES AND REPAIRS (Paid by Master)

Voucher
DATE PORT DETAILS Currency Exch. Rate AMOUNT
No
.
.
.

0,00

8/4/2008
8/4/2008 300 $ 1,5 200,0
31/1
8/4/2008
8/4/2008 150 $ 1,5 100,0
38/1
144

11.3.3.
(Sundries).
SUNDRY PAYMENTS
Voucher Exch.
DATE PORT DETAILS Currency AMOUNT
No Rate

. . .

0,00

5/4/2008 231/1 20 $ 1,5 13,3


5/4/2008 122/2 10 $ 1,5 6,6


5/4/2008 312/3 30 $ 1,5 20,0

 145

11.3.4.

(Provisions Paid by Master).

Value of Provisions
Voucher Exch.
DATE PORT DETAILS purchased in Currency AMOUNT
No Rate
Foreign Currency

. . .

Total Provisions Paid by Master () 0,00

5/4/08
5/4/2008 150 $ $ 1,5 100
12/1
146

11.3.5.
(Provisions).

PROVISIONS

SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS ACCOUNT

Amount -

Value of Provisions at close of previous voyage

3000

Total Provisions Paid by Master ()

100

Provisions Paid through Agents ()

6000
TOTAL - 9100
Value of Provisions at close of voyage

6100

Provisions Consumed during voyage

3000 718
3000
4,20
 11.3.6.
(Wages Account).
Owners
Serial Monthly Bonusses Col.Agr. Extra TOTAL NAT and other
FULL NAME Rank Period of Service Vacation Victualling
No Wages Per Allowances Payments WAGES contributions
Month

From Up to Months Days 10

/ ..
..*

1.320,00 4.120,00 1/4/2008 30/4/2008 1 0 3.200,00 900,00 270,00 92.354,00 11.350,00
1 10000,00 1 0 0,00 10000,00 1000
2 / 7000,00 500 1 0 200 0,00 7800,00 800
3 / 5000,00 300 1 0 100 0,00 5480,00 480
4 / 10000,00 1 0 0,00 10000,00 1000
5 / 7000,00 500 1 0 300 0,00 8000,00 800
6 / 5000,00 300 1 0 300 0,00 5680,00 480
7 / 5000,00 300 1 0 300 0,00 5700,00 480
8 / 4500,00 300 1 0 300 0,00 5200,00 800
9 . / 1000,00 200 1 0 100 0,00 1400,00 400
10 . / 1000,00 200 1 0 150 0,00 1500,00 400
11 2500,00 200 1 0 200 0,00 3100,00 445
12 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
13 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
14 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
15 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
16 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
17 1500,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2000,00 355
18 1600,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2100,00 345
19 1600,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2100,00 345
20 1600,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2100,00 345
21 / 2200,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 2700,00 300
22 . / 1000,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 1600,00 200
23 . / 1000,00 100 100 1 0 100 0,00 1600,00 200
24 3000,00 120 120 1/4/2008 28/4/2008 0 28 50 900 270,00 4294,00 400
25 0,00 0,00
26 0,00 0,00
27 0,00 0,00
28 0,00 0,00
1.320,00 4.120,00 0,00 0,00
*
 148

Total G.C.A. TOTAL NAT and other

Total Bonusses Overtime Col.Agr.Allowances Extra Payments Vacation Victualling
Wages WAGES contributions

10

..
..

78.800,00 1.312,00 3.560,00 4.312,00 3.200,00 900,00 270,00 92.354,00 11.350,00

10000 0,00 10000,00 1000
7000 100 500 200 0,00 7800,00 800
5000,00 80 300 100 0,00 5480,00 480
10000 0,00 10000,00 1000
7000 200 500 300 0,00 8000,00 800
5000,00 80 300 300 0,00 5680,00 480
5000,00 100 300 300 0,00 5700,00 480
4500,00 100 300 300 0,00 5200,00 800
1000,00 100 200 100 0,00 1400,00 400
1000,00 150 200 150 0,00 1500,00 400
2500,00 200 200 200 0,00 3100,00 445
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1500 100 200 100 100 0,00 2000,00 355
1600 100 200 100 100 0,00 2100,00 345
1600 100 200 100 100 0,00 2100,00 345
1600 100 200 100 100 0,00 2100,00 345
2200 100 200 100 100 0,00 2700,00 300
1000 100 200 200 100 0,00 1600,00 200
1000 100 200 200 100 0,00 1600,00 200
2800 112 50 112 50 900 270,00 4294,00 400
0,00 0,00
0,00 0,00
0,00 0,00
0,00 0,00
0,00 0,00
78.800,00 1.312,00 3.560,00 4.312,00 3.200,00 900,00 270,00 92.354,00 11.350,00

 Net Tax on Victualling Paid
Officers Tax Compensations P.N.O. Crew Tickets Crew Balances
Earnings Compensation days By

Debit Credit
.. .
...

81.004,00 1.085,00 1.000,00 100,00 120,00 200,00 718,00 400,00 80.294,00

9000 100 5 30 8895 8895
7000 80 5 30 6915 6915
5000 50 5 30 4945 4945
9000 100 5 30 8895 8895
7200 85 5 30 7110 7110
5200 100 5 30 5095 5095
5220 100 5 30 5115 5115
4400 60 5 30 4335 4335
1000 40 5 30 955 955
1100 40 5 30 1050 1055
2655 50 5 30 2600 2600
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1645 15 5 30 1625 1625
1755 20 5 30 1730 1730
1755 20 5 30 1730 1730
1755 20 5 30 1730 1730
2400 50 5 30 2345 2345
1400 15 5 30 100 1280 1280
1400 15 5 30 300 1080 1080
3894 50 1000 100 5 200 28 4739 4739
149

81.004,00 1.085,00 1.000,00 100,00 120,00 200,00 718,00 400,00 80.294,00

 150

11.3.7.
(Pay).
M/V M.G.A.2 No.3
- ACCOUNT OF WAGES

ONOMA NAYTIKOY /
NAME OF SEAMAN RATING

.
MONTHLY
10.000,00
WAGES EURO.

01/04 30/04 1
Wages begin Wages end Months Days
EURO EURO

10.000
Gross wages for the above period

1.105
Less deductions
- NET WAGES 8.895,00
,
Overtime Hours per hours

BONUS
VARIOUS
EXTRA
DAYS ASHORE
EXTRA
VACATION MONTHLY
P/ACC.
- TOTAL EARNINGS 8.895,00
- ADVANCES EURO

CALLS BY PHONE
CARDS
ALLOT.
ALLOT.
ALLOT.
CASH (1)
CASH (2)
CALLS BY MINI-M
CIGAR.MARLBORO
CIGAR.ASSOS
ADVANCES ex-ARAN 3.000,00
VARIOUS
VARIOUS
VARIOUS
CASH OVER CREW
- TOTAL ADVANCES
- FINAL BALANCE EURO 8.895,00

I received the amount of the above final balance of:
The above account is correct
In settlement and I absolve the Captain and Owners of all obligations

In connection with my pay to the above date.

- Master 30--08
On the

 151

11.3.8.
(Summary of Account).

PAYMENTS

Amount

BALANCE IN MASTERS FAVOUR FROM MASTERS GENERAL ACCOUNT No

. . 1 1000

1. SUNDRY PAYMENTS

( ) 39,9

2. STORE AND REPAIRS

, ( ) 300

3. PROVISIONS

100

4. MEDICAL

, 20

5. GCA WAGES 78800

...

Owners Bonusses

1320

Overtime: Deck Dept.

Overtime: Engine Dept.

3560

Overtime: Cabin Dept.

Extra Payments

3200

Vacation

900

Compensation and other payments

1470

Total Wages - 80294

171003,90
152

11.3.9.
(Medical).

MEDICAL EXPENSES (Paid by Master)

DATE PORT Voucher No DETAILS Currency Exch. Rate AMOUNT

. . .

0,00

12/4/2008 12/4 33/1 30 $ 1,5 20,0

 153

11.3.10.
.

Masters Actual Balance

Currency Amount

Cigarettes on Board

1000

Spirits on Board

1000

Cash on Board

1000

Crews Debit Balances

Owners Debit Balance

90709,9

Total - 93709,90

LESS

Crews Credit Balances

80294

Masters Balance - 13415,9

Total of Debits - 13415,9

Debit Balance for equalization transferred to next M.G.A.

...

TOTAL

13415,90

154

COLLECTIONS

Voucher
DATE PORT DETAILS Currency Exch. Rate Amount
No

. . .

BALANCE IN OWNERS FAVOUR FROM

PREVIOUS G.A..
400
..

NAT and other contributions

11350

Officers Tax
.. 1085

P.N.O.
... 120

Crew Tickets
200

Crew Private telegrams & mail

& 1000

Total of Debits - 14155,00

Debit Balance for equalization transferred to next M.G.A.

... 13415,9

TOTAL

27570,90


1. (. 156)
2. (. 166)
3. (. 178)
4. ( 2960/2001) (. 180)
5. :
(. 184)
(. 185)
(. 186)
(. 187)
(. 188)
156

1
N X (ime Charter).

 157

158

 159

160

 161

162

 163

164

165
166

2
(Bare Boat Charter).

 167

168

 169

170

 171

172

 173

174

 175

176

177
178

3
(Bill of Lading).

179
180

4

2960/2001 265/22-11-2001

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 181

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16

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182

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17

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18

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 183

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184

5
.

IMO General Declaration

1.1 Name and type of ship
1.2 IMO number
1.3 Call sign
4. Flag State of ship
Arrival Departure
2. Port of arrival/departure 3. Date - time of
arrival/departure
5. Name of master 6. Last port of call/Next port of call

7. Certificate of registry (Port; date; number) 8. Name and contact details of ships agent

9. Gross tonnage 10. Net tonnage

11. Position of the ship in the port (berth or station)

12. Brief particulars of voyage (previous and subsequent ports of call; underline where remaining cargo will
be discharged)

13. Brief description of the cargo

14. Number of crew (incl. 15. Number of passengers 16. Remarks

master)

Attached documents
(indicate number of copies)

17. Cargo Declaration 18. Ships Stores

Declaration

19. Crew List 20. Passenger List 21. The ships requirements in terms of
waste and residue reception facilities

22. Crews Effects Declaration* 23. Maritime Declaration

of Health*

24. Date and signature by master, authorized agent or officer

For official use

 185

IMO Cargo Declaration

Arrival Departure Page No.

1.1 Name and type of ship 2. Port where report is made
1.2 IMO number
1.3 Call sign

3. Flag State of ship 4. Name of master 5. Port of loading/Port of discharge

B/L 6. Marks and Nos. 7. Number and kind of packages; 8. Gross weight 9. Measurement
No.* description of goods or, if available,
the HS code
Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic

IMO
FAL
Form
2

10. Date and signature by master, authorized agent or officer

*
Transport document No.

Also state original ports of shipment in respect to goods shipped on multimodal transport document or through bills of
lading.
186

IMO Crews Effects Declaration

Page No.

1.1 Name and type of ship 2. Effects ineligible for relief from customs duties
1.2 IMO number and taxes or subject to prohibitions or restrictions*
1.3 Call sign

3. Flag State of ship

4. No. 5. Family name, 6. Rank or 7. Signature

given names rating
Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic

IMO
FAL
Form
4
8. Date and signature by master, authorized agent or officer

*
e.g. wines, spirits, cigarettes, tobacco etc.
 187

A
IMO Ships Stores Declaration

Page No.
Arrival Departure

1.1 Name and type of ship 2. Port of arrival/ 3. Date of arrival/

1.2 IMO number departure departure
1.3 Call sign

4. Flag State of ship 5. Last port of call/Next port of call

6. Number of persons on 7. Period of stay 8. Place of storage

board.

9. Name of article 10. Quantity 11. Official use

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic

IMO
FAL
Form
3

12. Date and signature by master, authorized agent or officer

 E
188

Dangerous Goods Manifest

PAGE NUMBER (e.g. 5 of 7)

(As required by SOLAS 74, chapter VII, regulation 4.5 and 7-2.2, MARPOL 73/78, Annex III, regulation 4(3) and chapter 5.4, paragraph 5.4.3.1 of the IMDG Code)

NAME OF SHIP IMO NUMBER FLAG STATE OF SHIP MASTERS NAME

VOYAGE REFERENCE PORT OF LOADING PORT OF DISCHARGE SHIPPING AGENT
CALL SIGN

MARKS &
NUMBERS NUMBER
BOOKING/ PROPER FLASH STOWAGE
CONTAINER AND KIND UN PACKING SUBSIDIARY MARINE MASS (kg)
REFERENCE SHIPPING CLASS -POINT EmS POSITION
ID. NO(s). OF NUMBER GROUP RISK(S) POLLUTANT GROSS/NET
NUMBER NAME (IN C,c.c.) ON BOARD
VEHICLE REG. PACKAGES
NO(s).

AGENTS SIGNATURE ______________________________ MASTERS SIGNATURE ______________________________

PLACE AND DATE ____________________ PLACE AND DATE ______________________________

IMO FAL FORM 7

 189

.. - . , . & ,
2003.
.. , , , 2007.
.. , , . & , 2000.
. , , . . , 1988
. , . , . , . ,
2002.
. . , Management , . , 2004.
. . , ,
. , 2001.
. . , . , , ,
2002.
/ , , . , 2000.
. , , , -
2007.
. , , . , 1988.
. , , . , 1994.
,
2 , , 5 -
1996.
3 -
, 1999.
. , . . , , . , -
2003.
. , . , 2001.
. , .
, 2002.
. , ,
2006.
. , . -
, .. , , 1997
,
: ,
, 2005.
, , . , 1990.
Drewry, Shipping Finance, A High Risk-Low Return Business?, April 1996 p. 49.
J. E. Sloggett,(1998) Shipping Finance, Fairplay, pp. 21-24.

(United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development): www.unctad.org
: www.yen.gr
.... : www.statistics.gr
(World Trade Organization) : www.wto.org
International Union of Marine Insurance: www.iumi.com
Lloyds Marine Intelligence Unit: www.lloydsmiu.com
BP Global: www.bp.com
International Maritime Organization: www.imo.org
: http://europa.eu


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
2.1.1. ( / ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
2.5 (tramp shipping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
2.5.1 (, ,
, ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
2.5.3 (tramp ships)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
2.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
2.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
2.6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
2.6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
2.6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
2.6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
2.6.7 : , ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
2.7 (tankers). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
2.7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
2.7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
2.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
2.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
2.8.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
 191

3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
3.2 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
3.3 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
3.4 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
3.5 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
4.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
4.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
5.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
5.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
5.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
5.6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
5.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
5.7.1 (manning cost) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
5.7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
5.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
5.7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
5.7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
5.7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
192

6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
6.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

,
8.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
8.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
8.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
8.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
8.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
8.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
8.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
8.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
8.7 New uropean Maritime Order G.A.T.T. (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
9.2 (cabotage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
10.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
10.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
10.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
10.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
10.2.2 (DCF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
10.2.3 (....) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
10.2.4 (...)
(...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
 193

11.2 (...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

11.2.1 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
11.2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
11.2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
11.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
11.2.5 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
11.2.6 .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
11.2.7
.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190