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Ch :
Khoa hc tri t.
Sinh hc
Khoa hc cng ngh.
Thi gian d kin: 90 pht
tui ph hp: Lp 7 (t 12 13 tui)
Mc tiu v yu cu
gii thiu tng rng cc sn phm cng c vng i nh cc sinh vt sng
khuyn khch hc sinh hiu v ngun gc sn phm v vng i ca cc sn phm
tc ng ti mi trng nh th no.
iu kin:
Hc sinh nn:
Quen thuc vi phng php khoa hc v cc nguyn tc c bn ca k thut
Hiu v chu k sng c bn ca mt sinh vt trong t nhin, chng hn nh loi
bm.
Mc tiu kin thc truyn t:
Khi kt thc bi hc, hc sinh s c kh nng:
M t v cc bc nh gi vng i ca sn phm.
Gi cc cch gim bt nhng tc ng ca sn phm n mi trng
Gii thch nh gi vng i l mt cng c c ch cho k thut nh th no
M t mt vi bc c bn trong nh gi trong vng i ca sn phm.
So snh v i chiu vng i ca sinh vt vi mt sn phm thit k.
Khi qut:
Cc k s xem xt cc tc ng nc, khng kh v ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ca
chng ta khi to ra mt sn phm mi ti mi trng. lm iu ny, cc k s xem xt
ton b vng i ca mt sn phm t nguyn liu, vt liu ch bin, sn xut, ng gi,
vn chuyn, s dng v x l ca sn phm. Tt c nhng iu ny l i din cho vng
i ca mt sn phm, tng t nh vng i ca mt sinh vt trong t nhin.
-1-
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
V d, loi bm tri qua bn chu k trong vng i ca chng: trng, su bm, nhng
v bm. Bn c th dng v d ny v hi hc sinh cc cu hi di y gip cc em
so snh v i chiu vng i ca sn phm vi vng i ca mt sinh vt sng.
Mt s bc trong chu k sng ca mt con bm l g? (Tr li: sinh ra, su
bm, nhng, bm, phn hy)
Mt s bc trong vng i ca mt sn phm l g? (Tr li: mua nguyn vt
liu, tin hnh x l vt liu, ch to sn phm, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v
tiu hy)
Vng i ca mt sinh vt tng t vng i ca mt sn phm nh th no? (C
th tr li: c hai chu k u bt u t ra i v kt thc cht. C hai vng
i u bao gm s chuyn dch ca nng lng trong sut thi gian sng ca cc
i tng)
Hai vng i ny khc nhau nh th no? (Tr li: thng thng cc vng i ca
mt sn phm kt thc vi vic x l, trong khi i vi chu k sng ca mt sinh
vt t nhin l c phn hy to ra cc cht dinh dng cho t. Nhn vo vng
i ca mt sn phm gip chng ta hiu v cc ti nguyn t nhin, nng lng
ca Tri t, v c bit, chng ta to ra cht thi nh th no.
Mt k s nh gi vng i ca sn phm tnh ton mc tiu th nng lng v s
nh hng ca sn phm i vi mi trng, t khi n c to ra cho ti khi b thanh l,
vt b. C mt vi bc chung c bn xc nh ton b nhng nh hng ti mi
trng ca quy trnh sn xut sn phm. Bc u tin c gi l Phn tch u vo.
Trong bc ny, nng lng ca sn phm v nguyn vt liu c s dng trong sut
vng i c mang ra tnh ton. Ngi ta gn cc gi tr cho nng lng v nguyn vt
liu vt l cho tt c cc giai on ca vng i (chun b nguyn vt liu, ch bin
nguyn vt liu, sn xut, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v sau l thanh l, vt b).
Bc tip theo l phn tch nh hng, nhng gi tr t bc mt s c cng li vi
nhau. Con s cui cng th hin ton b nhng nh hng ti mi trng ca sn phm.
Gi tr cng thp, s nh hng ti mi trng ca sn phm cng t. Cui cng, mt bn
phn tch u ra s c thc hin, xc nh c cch lm no gim thiu s nh hng
ca sn phm ti mi trng hay khng. V d, s tch tr nng lng hoc nc trong
mi giai on ca vng i hoc thay i nguyn vt liu t nguy hi s gip gim thiu
nhng tc ng ca sn phm ti mi trng. Cc k s i khi cng thit k ra nhng chi
tit c tui th cao ko di vng i sn phm v thm thi gian h thit k cc sn
phm mi thay th cho nhng sn phm c c tui th tng i ngn, nhng rt d s
dng li hoc ti ch. Sau , cc thay i c a tr li vo phn tch u ra xc
nh c phi mi trng t nhin bt b nh hng hay khng
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
C mt s cch nh gi vng i ph bin cho cc sn phm k thut. Trong s bao
gm:
- nh gi ton b vng i ca sn phm t sn phm th cho ti giai on b
thanh l (vt b).
- nh gi mt phn vng i ca sn phm t nguyn liu th ti trc khi c
vn chuyn n tay ngi tiu dng.
- nh gi v vng i ca sn phm, khng ch n giai on kt thc m n cn
bao gm s ti ch tr thnh sn phm mi. Sn phm mi c th ging hoc
khc so vi sn phm ban u.
Nguyn vt liu:
- Bt ch.
- Bt k mt sn phm phn tch (v d nh my ghi hnh, ng h, radio, in thoi,
chi vvv..) cn nguyn bao b, nu c th
- Tua vt, ko,... dng cho vic tho d sn phm.
- Bi thu hoch ca hc sinh.
-3-
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
K HOCH BI GING - VNG I SN PHM
STT Ni dung Phng php Hng dn tin hnh hot ng Ti liu Thi gian
Ngi hng dn s h cc khu hiu tng ng vi cc
1 Khi ng Tr chi 10
hnh ng tng ng:
Con bo tay phi t ln tay tri
Ung nc tay phi ch ln ming
Vo hang tay phi ch ln tai.
Nu hc sinh no lm sai s b pht
Li khuyn cho ngi hng dn/ Gi cu tr li:
Yu cu hc sinh phi thc hin chm nht l 2s
ngay sau khi nghe c ting h ca ngi hng dn.
C th pht bng cch cho hc sinh ht mt bi
Lm vic nhm 1. Ngi hng dn chia lp thnh 4 nhm, pht cho mi - Bt d,
So snh vng 35
Thuyt trnh nhm mt b Ti liu pht tay s 1 (cc bc hnh + 1 t giy trng
2 i gia sn
giy A1 v sn vng i), yu cu cc nhm sp xp A1, bng
phm v cc
cc bc hnh theo th t (v d kn c trc hay con dnh, Ti
sinh vt trong
bm c trc; inh c, nha v m t chi ci liu pht
t nhin (loi
no c trc) v tm ra nhng im ging/ khc nhau tay s 1, 2
bm)
-4-
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
ca 2 vng i (3)
2. Mi nhm c 5 tho lun (5)
3. Cc nhm c i din ln trnh by (5/nhm 20)
4. Ngi hng dn nhn xt v rt ra kt lun (5)
5. Ngi hng dn ph bin cho hc sinh nhng hot
ng s thc hin bi hc ti, yu cu mi nhm t
chun b mt sn phm, dng c hng, c th d
dng tho lp thc hnh. Lu cc em nn t thc
hnh tho lp trc trnh mt thi gian vo bui hc
ti. Pht cho mi nhm hc sinh mt Ti liu pht tay s
2, yu cu cc em v c trc (5)
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
ch to sn phm, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v tiu
hy)
- Vng i ca mt sinh vt tng t vng i ca mt
sn phm nh th no? (C th tr li: c hai chu k u
bt u t ra i v kt thc cht. C hai vng
i u bao gm s chuyn dch ca nng lng trong
sut thi gian sng ca cc i tng)
- Hai vng i ny khc nhau nh th no? (Tr li:
thng thng cc vng i ca mt sn phm kt thc
vi vic x l, trong khi i vi chu k sng ca mt sinh
vt t nhin l c phn hy to ra cc cht dinh
dng cho t. Nhn vo vng i ca mt sn phm
gip chng ta hiu v cc ti nguyn t nhin, nng
lng ca Tri t, v c bit, chng ta to ra cht
thi nh th no)
Kt lun im khc nhau v mc nh hng
Khi sn phm b vt b n s c nhng nh hng nht
nh ti mi trng, theo nh thng k th c ti 98%
cc sn phm sau khi b vt b c nh hng xu ti
mi trng gy nhim mi trng, cn bm khi
-6-
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
cht i s c phn hy bi cc sinh vt v nm to ra
cht dinh dng cho t - nh hng tt ti mi trng.
- Gi sn phm hc sinh cn chun b: bp b
chi, iu khin hoc my in thoi c hng, ti
xch hng khng s dng na,
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
cng, cng d tiu hy hn
Nu khng thi gian, ngi hng dn c th hc
sinh mang Ti liu pht tay s 3 v v hon thnh nh
1. Ngi hng dn yu cu ngi tham gia ng xp
4 Tng kt 5
thnh vng trn kn, chi tr chi Gi go.
2. Ngi hng dn hi ngi tham gia thu c nhng
kin thc g qua bi ging, nhng iu ngi hng dn
cn rt kinh nghim
-9-
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
TI LIU PHT TAY
Vng i sn phm
- 10 -
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Ti liu pht tay s 2: Bng nh gi vng i tc ng mi trng ca sn phm
Sn phm dng nh gi: ___________________________
Phn tch kim k:
Bc 1 Thu thp nguyn vt liu: Mi nguyn, vt liu trong sn
phm u c vng i ring ca n. Di y danh sch nhng
nguyn, vt liu (kim loi v cht do) trong sn phm ca bn.
Mt im c n nh cho mi nguyn vt liu khc nhau trong
sn phm ca bn.
Mu ca nguyn liu th im
1
1
1
1
1
Tng cc im
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Bc 3 - Sn xut: Tt c nguyn, vt liu c gia cng trong sn phm ca bn phi
c mt hnh dng nht nh v c mu m c th, v d to thnh mt s sn phm c ch
nh inh vt hay cn gt nha. Lit k danh sch cc b phn khc nhau trong sn phm
ca bn. Mt im c n nh cho mi phn khc nhau trong sn phm ca bn.
Cc b phn ca sn phm im
1
1
1
1
1
1
Tng cc im
ng gi sn phm S im
Khng ng gi 0
ng gi bng giy hoc ba cc-tng 5
ng gi bng cc cht nha 15
ng gi bng giy ba v nha 10
ng gi bng nha polystryen v cao su 15
C hng dn s dng c nh km 5
trn bao b
Tng im
- 12 -
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
S vn chuyn im
Bng my bay, xe ti, tu thu . 15
Khng g c 1
Tng im
Tng im
- 13 -
Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Hy so snh ton b nhng tc ng ti mi trng gia sn phm ca bn vi sn phm
ca cc nhm khc.
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
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4. Di y l mt vi mu nh gi k thut v vng i ca sn phm. Bn hy c
ba s m t di y:
Mi vng i ca sn phm u t nguyn vt liu th cha ch bin (ngun gc) cho
ti b giai on b thanh l (vt b).
Mt phn vng i ca sn phm theo kho st cho thy sn phm t nguyn vt liu
th (ngun gc) cho ti cnh cng ca c s sn xut (cnh cng) trc khi chng
c vn chuyn ti ngi tiu dng.
nh gi v mt vng i ca sn phm, khi kt thc cc giai on th n cn bao
gm c vic ti ch cc sn phm c tr thnh sn phm mi. Sn phm c ti
ch c th ging hoc khc so vi cc sn phm ban u.
Miu t no ph hp nht vi sn phm ca bn? Ti sao?
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam