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    Bacteriologie Si Imunologie PDF

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    Anca Stănescu

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    ANDA BAIcUS BACTERIOLOGIE $I IMUNOLOGIE CURS UNIVERSITAR Editura Universitara ,Carol Davila” Bucuresti, 2014 ISBN : 978.973-708-535-1 Editura Universitari ,Carol Davila” Bucuresti a UME. ,Carol Davila” Bucuresti este acreditath de Consitiul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice din Invapiméntul Superior (CNCSIS), ‘eu avizul nr, 11/23.06.2004 in conformitate ou prevederile Deciziei Nr. 2/2009 a Consiliutui Nafional din Romania — privind stabilirea sistemului de credite de educatle medical continua, pe baza cliruia se evalueazi activitatea de perfectionare profesionala a medicilor, a space le Waa micoxcopba * mao rotunda (co), basonas (bc), vig, plat, ono aspect anor * spur: n re lant, pret; *conpotamen ft de cba Gram: ram patie, Gram nega; > Aspect macroscopic clr batrene ‘em pact, coer, costes “ied S (racer a tir viet) ‘no (carats turban, degrade anionic axl ee pentu ‘ug vote cu rote de tp R: Bac aac, Cnynebacialum dpe, yoobectorum uber) ‘mcd M (carci hip 1 caput) > Bltpae marr bohm detemicera praca potszk spect, enzo hilice >> Saopre: onicare angel beeing, bile spec 9 sect > Senile la nui clase de anbitee > Thal ag: zo stare susceptbitlboctrone la nea cu tact 5) analica (ge, specie, submpece 50 poate fae pin anata: > Inti mase proce catare, prin specoscpie de mast; > acral perce cola -ex. sci mil pent specie de Myeabactartum, ©) gontpca area baza anaiza materi genet pn: > misrarea grout mec @ ADM preent > delominate proc quanina + ozha dn compacta ADN; > analiza plan noi, > secvenjerea uni pir sau a ntepu genom; 3 4) Infuncie de necestatie metabolice gl de complesitate structural bactrl sunt > Spice: potfoma fora norma sau pot palogene penru om, ule pot produce spe sexu > fd porate osha, sigue procarle cae conf ston montane ctoplesmatl: yoplasme: > colar intacaar, incapable de repicare prope (necesarl de ATP (adenain iota) est sigur de cola gant): Rice, >> ssomindtoare cu ole cbigati ivacdiae, dar car pret un cc de ces complex ce mpi fome ina si extra clare (oecasau de ATP este asiuat de cohla gant: Chany. 22, MORFOLOGIA BACTERIANA Dimansiunea medio bacterand este de 051 ym grosine 5 36 ym hungine. Port ‘Staphylococeus aureus dame (9) ete: 08+ nip ce pent Bac antraishngimea ete do 10 ms grosimaa do 1-2 ym, Cea ma mizabacats Mycoplasma are acleas!dmensun cu ale eh mi mare tus (Parvins) In cutulo mal vechi dmonsiunea bactatand este mai mare dect cea normal panty spcia respec. Dao voli mic al coli bacofane, rapa supra vom esto mar, inplicind 0 cove semmifeava suprfeel do contact Inve cola bacirand sme exterior favrizin ast sehimbul ai it canta mare de substan fa acest ivl Forma bacterilor este deri n func de spede Tab22.1. Riidiatea peel boceran ‘eterna aparija lomelrbaceene cere, Bali psi de pre suntcraezale do un poms acconiat ex. Mycoplasma, fomal ‘n cutulo bittne aspect batrBor se modifi eit ca fos cits ea dimensine apirind formele de nvlie. Forme acedua nu modi speciale bata (hsdmanate pe madi do cut tect proaspt dau nay unor bat ce specie respecte), 16 4b 22. Clalicaron bactrind i uncle deforma aes Bana ‘Sn Tepes os oat en onset Sepa ees Cocobaell (oro niameGar ive oa H bac acl (Salerno, basnaye eraple 8 or ubale) Hosmoptis| Broa (urge fm, qrosie 0m) ‘capte copie Bails cous cate oun Baus sbi, ‘Csi itn ungine 8 ym, grosime 04-06 )- cul deforma de rezenfa spr pus terminal | _ ind aspect de rachla does Viol bac Gndice crate, fer 48 | Vino chlerae(ungine 2, grosine 5 pn) ‘Spirochete (Gace Th fom do | Som id gona Spa cn feb, ube gout Treponema ungine 10-15 pm lamb 4-05 pm, compu ae 10-15 spire regu, ge, cu capte drops) ‘Leoepia(hngime 12um si ametul 0.06 ,m, compl ‘2010-12 sie nedfomatil, mi rogulal ou capt ‘src Botlia(unginea 20-30pm al lane tm, compat are 10420 spe nora cope pte) ‘Acinoricle (baci cae flat de | Actonyoes ae ‘aii there forveaz’_flanenis ung, | Nocardia arterodes Baciilo se mulipica pin cvizune bina, upd dhzune a ule spect are loc separrea “ape cel fice rezind clio izle sau clu foe rman agate ele de lle reauind \Guput carectrsten, Specie bactwiene,funche de fama si gon din care foc parte sl fence de rene In spa a planrior sucesve de ico dolemina un anit Sp do aranjamant (grimed, ‘Siu n dio, sista tena cekelor fice de a rimine unto imp de ura sau mal mute generafi T8222, Fig221, PO “Teb222, ClanMearea bacon nce de dlopunereacelullo dup vist Paar ie ve Bears “ions Seopa raunase ‘plac Keb sp. [a de gin vale: Spor sp, actus om {fins h ford eV, U, plots fomalo dips diene cada pn nec cal a una a dena: Coynhactrun pian pr pena renin rae | Woo 2 pana pend reciting pupae | Sacra ‘hie cosa lar ore eam pt | Fama de deine Sao {reread Fig. 221, Clantcarea bactollor dup forma 9 dspuner, a: Coct: at - gram Stapylooceu, 22 - lent Sroplooozss, a3 ~ dl contact punctiom Stestcoccus preumarie, 2 - po fon Neisseria, by Bec: Bt - Gamonolo-copoto ono 2 - Coryabacadum — forma de bal, b - Bac. capets dep, Dt Vio fama de vig, 5 - Fusbactarum ~ aio, U6 Bac antract-spor ocala onal nu ‘efomeaza camel bacere, 07 - Coatidun flan - spor lamin deforneaza damotul bate: ‘Splrochete: ct ~ Bora spe rear, c2- Treponema, 3 - Leptospira spire sranse a cn he a bo bob bs 6 7 “:NULTRASTRUCTURA BACTERIANA CCompenenisie de supra le cabll bacifne mediazA contact! de colde medio ‘nooo 9 pt evea func bclagoe prmare care ier (lpoplzharidle LPZ) sau mu (aga) cu pabgenilea Stucural gl uncfona est components rezents in mad normal la cecal bec 2mponen constanie) sl componeni prazente nual ia anumile speci bectrene(componeni facie). Comgcnenisie constr e cle bactriene sunt perlalebactian, merbrana cloplasmatc, _Senama, bozo, nul, mali gent CComponeniee fecitatve sunt capeule, fags, pi, flemenisle xso (la spiochel), lanele oosletzano (baci fosntetzanie), spor (oma de reise, 1234. COMPONENTE CONSTANTE ALE CELULEI BACTERIENE PERETELE BACTERIAN Perse bactfan ere o such n general id ce repre 20.40% dn grees scat cca. ‘Component de baz al parti bacteria ete pepiogican erin) un hetwopciner format logan saan nani polzaharos paola 2 zahant aint, N cel cocaine cdl N ‘en muraic.Flecare molec de acd N aco mura are subst un terepepd ci nD (Sexo) ve) amino (ca ie ieapepcl subsite are poiahatce lata se stables eg eoice pin grupaea ternal -COOH a un tecpepd wl qruparea serine et apep ‘ech Rezo stucura biimensonalé sub forma uot stati care tcojorénteaga cal bctand. rte pptidogicanii este n nce de umn de srt care se cpun concent is ea nto pun pepe. Pungo papa rans confor; cae cole oth ou copra rant cesta, Carat Gram poi sau Gram nga l bat relet dose stu pree dar ‘eins i do stare flog ido igrola stuchrald a cade. Terica Gram ipl tamer ‘82h lair bate cu cst - alt (un colorant bac) ma de atamen cu soe dooce 4K (up) tar, eta un solvent rane ool axon), Cetele Gram poe, care ret tel de cack 9 ro complet Iso salve - od) sunt colon ol, iar cle Gram eae caren re cere en recor cu sna clrazh nro, 9 _ °° °° Bact Gram negate: au un port sub (610 nn) ou un cont de 10% popidoglean sxopert do 0 mentrana edema ME (att fod), F522. Le baile Gram negative laa | teacepie aaa acl Nac murals (cen arineact lina, (a), gt (Og, 2 Diinopele (AP) Dalarna (a Pun pepidce fomerante gupara site a DAP de peun ang greta COOH a D-lao po oletany Fig23 14. ‘Spal dite mambrana teplasmat sl manbraaextod se nue paul pase Act staf cone ezine hale imprints in meablial cele pcteaze, sti, pao, mucem, | ene ce degrades catia, componente se samuhi etapa carta, roe lbgtrapcamporante do stom de chonctna. embrana tues poze una a baile can nga est format dan bal snot, al nem can fostpie prezerie de oie n menbrarle bacterin nip co sa ‘em ete foal dn opluaatie LZ (rceode ana). a cone paine (poe cae foreach port ce favorizeaz® diluzia moleculelor hidrofie mai mici de 700da prin membrana), proteine structurale, receptor pen baceiotag pope acta ie mantra exo poptgican aie cer de adie (Membrana extema este locul de atac al Complementului, agenlor hidrofobi, anumitor antibiotioa, LP2 demi endl dl Act eaponsal do a tn) cal pt port okra Dactile Gam nga spre dona de eco car sunt eben exrir de ce bate Gran pozive cts Gram negave. Ca such LPZ et lt 3 wit ste: pil A un oti reipnsai de fehl tk (a 0 component chara Sesttaa act ray apf car crear sucha a membrana exon), un mi (oe sob I ps) pala it dn 5 aha eat in elodectoaont(KDO} a pd Aun polzahar extn (oer omer = agen somate Olt dr tal ml do 25 a repelive do 9 panda 5 zat Up Ase efbereazh rural dup pores ing coll rpc un stterplaic al spurs mn, Cnd acer sun aca uma 2 uni espns mun efit dn pata xgarsmii, apres ca atin clad a cantitate mare de endotoxina este elinata in circulate si apara gocul septic cu complicatile acestuia ceagdoreadsoninata iravasira (CID) reach Sarena. La bottle Gram agate aurea lazndul asupa popldogcand ese poss numa Gt alterarea membranel exteme ((ratarea cu etilen ciamin tatracetat EDTA), cu aparija sferoplastior (sbuct ace mirgnite de nentana tplasmatch esa al marbrae exon, Lane esr git cctice GM ql hiolzearh muna oul sft fara soba de cet, Pein Impltoa ‘ermarea pun ntpptea deserecs lib reas do rane (marca loiter pape tanovertl cate degen aera) ‘aceilaGram pte a un prt rs (20-80) cu cant de 80-90% poptogcan reat pe saa clot (pole dort para ott go fossa) sb oma de “fra, Fig.2313, La buctle Gram pave conetara lanier eins fon pin trad “cio ogo, 9.23.12. Asana lotro ncrpepccn oie ibd do ola aaah aso “casi pent gener pep abate Gram negate. Abert ME abc Gam pate e “za mi al srs a nea psn. Es cou cag dealt acia pinch ss “entra (a un cd ras ns, cae avreazhpepteghcarl sunt ga do glenele cn “rena Clplsmaa, cat capt emarand Iba supa cael ai chi pat, nap ‘art eet acid Ncatiuranc ppg ‘Aci Wich snt een pent vbioa bacterin, sunt fact de vent decree au roti chile negaive fa do fagocte in inp co acl Iplchois sunt suc antigenic do "sa x pont reste scsi, osina deren bacon eliera in rl een «ess inn sini edn Indopiarca poriégicmvld sub acureaIzximuh in mod! intone sau Monten: poate peri izaecit props abc Gram pete (sr marge de mambrana clopasnce). Fg2344.«) Cust pepolanel Jebel Grom negte, b) lagi Interpepiee frat ine DAP 9 aa; Maid N act! murami, GN ace glunearinaL-lanina, (la), -gutamat (234 Dannpiote (DAP, Dalarna -) 2 2 Fig 23.4.2.) Structure poptidogicanui ls bacteria Gram pote b) legate Intrpapice formate cin puntide glcina format ne Lily D-ala; Mc N al mura, G:N acl gus amine; {aaa (Lala, gama (Og) Lan (Le), D-lanina (Oa) t doh a od i # Figighgi ode Fig.2.4.4, Structur portal bacterin le bacterile: 2} Gram nogative, ) Gram parive, ——s a 7 vent andres + ertidogican STRUCTURILOR BACTERIENE DE SUPRAFATA Componenisie porte coiar sunt determina major al vuln la ole dou pur de bate. {9 LPZ actveazh caleaatomatvt a Complementil detemindnd intamafa $ nducorea fnun, LPZ (struct angio co confer india iochimicd #!seroage) rese ive ectine prin chimotactsma nepali fl de fagocto, Acts plzaharl specie © za ca atezne la bacaile Gram pozive si respecév Gram nocave. Vara in siuctra | 2 component prea bacteria sia a baza vate anigerice, Proll car agur formas inagrtea bactaiand, protect fl do za carat in media co Impbtva fagactos, re ln dunes becian (parla formareasepuh Yansver) La vel sunt prezonle siucurle agence do supa: polzahade de supa, ac lichokd la Gram ptve; ain somatic Ol bactri Gram naga, Porvile bectrian repecnié i lool de acfuno @ unor snfbicice, alr skucurt a aceite Gram poive nu sie biocal dizia elec cu grutto cecum, ran. In cand bactror Gram negative membrana extend chez accu! unr asl de ecto membrana copasmatca, emirana exe esto barr selciv ce pois dtl ita a substan drofbe eto pert macramelecle. Ea cone prone cu nel de ranaport molecu. Adele prozento ert sigur alc eau aderena la supa species su out ‘Spat periplasmic cone pe lng un volun de ap sora, rane degradative (ON-ea, eicinaza), prone de tansprt cu a cinta aligazaharide curly regia preshni ohio Le nivel spot palasmatc are oc degradare ena a nating anspor essa ce clr prtsinl de bansport cn membrana intend I ntti elie, a “Membrana citoplasmratic’ permite iesirea unor anioni, dar reine catoni esenfall care au acces tn $1 coull. Sstemole do transport pei inl cu important nut’ sunt sstome de infu, iar ole pont rest ots lon ote cet. Menbrna pena cote fore sph dda ee ul cl anton econ, crfo ene al tbls pati oan), parka aon de sherk perdi chiro acne late MEMBRANA CITOPLASMATICA Membrane coplesmated avend 0 grosina de 65 - 7-nm marines la exer clopasma bcerand separand- de pertale colar, ru cone sil (except Mycoplasma). Model opus de ‘Singers Nalon de organize a membranelr bilge ese ool a mazsicu ld, Ih cae membranle sunt rut bidmensonale de pone tule gl pe, cu dtu rent, sail de molecule de a8 agate rn pun itealoculare de, frmand oct nee ‘Vieuaizata la microsopul elector membrena cloplsmac8 ae o suc Wks skatical, ostopdle farmoaz un st duu (x components hidoote one spre inter, ir capt ioe ental sre suprafa infema extra 2 membrane pnt care se gisesc moleode lobular proce, Molecule procs se gta a ave rua sau aia dn cel 2 stat osc, saul pot ravers pe amindout find exuse pe ambele foe se membrane non membrane! este cdptug de prone fismenicse cine ke co asguch forma bacon’ dar paricpa ¥ la fomaree sepbibi de ive Tenspetdara, end co calzeart forarea lotto covaents pepliice ive lene Gzahales parle dn stuctura pepdogicandl ws localiza pe surfs intend a mambrane lopasmatce, Actiatea acest endme eto nib de perilina care so lagi de aceasta, asl inet enamna ma este nui proeracare ay pent [PBP Penn Binding Pron. ‘Sant sructt formate pin Invagiarea membrane! cioplasmatce de care rman logo. Mal ila beceile Gram pote prozen cazoal a bactrle Gra negate, sunt in contact dec mada favoring Sstbuiea in mod eal a mated rucear ne cele dua cade fice aura soph rans, MA CCoglama cahilorbacefene esto un ssl cold! fomat dn 80% apa, dete put de ie iin. macromoecle pone (zine). ADN, ARN, ARN molecule mil cae repress surs de energie, precursor a maconlecllr, metabo sau ving; len loot K: NH, Ca, Fer Mg, Mar, Cor Cu, Mow Nis, Zn, SO POs Vite ta microscopl electors choplasma precn 2 zoe: 0 matics amr care confine ‘nc, metabo plaid cu rephnaa mucoid compus dn ADN in ine. FUNCTILE MEMBRANEI CITOPLASMATICE racer iced al membrane confer acatlapropitatea de barra osmotcs (rglazt schinbure ve cola bactaran med exten) rn tune paiva cat prin proces activ spec ‘ula paiva este reakzat lent, nespectc ra cons de ener, pan la echibn osmate feci moeclo. Aces ip de dite ete craters penta mle hdrfobe mic, ap, molec nore cele sokble in medi pide menbranel, moacl mal mic decd geri, Molecule mal mar dec icra! neces sitame specice de Wansprt (pcaine inleprate ale membrane! plasmace, cae a1 ‘ropietatea do a lega substan dicate de o parte a memiane i Ge al tansprta pe cela prs ‘unde le elberoaz). Essa el made) de anspor pin intermedi molecule putt: dui facia ‘ranlocafa do gp 9 Yansprul atv, Spe deosebin de zis pas h cazu zie aca itera riceclle membranare cae ugueazd cua. ncaa ransncael de gropmalecla de anspor os moet chin. rin anspor ct substan pol concantas de 100 deo tintin coll 8.2 med ete; roceau face Inpivagrasentuui de concn, conuml ener lca in ATP. Rivozomit pence elomenie ae ctoplasme, sunt crgante riboruceopoce, care la ul lecronic au fond sec, cu dametul de apoxmaly 20 nm $0 marine care dpinde do londor de Mg Kt, Numéro tn cala tartar esta coat cu actvitaa logic mic Tn oohile afte tn ropus, dar role fart» mul tn cee flog: ace (In media 20000, omit cu vai nee 5-000}. Ribozomi sunt stucutcnaice, cu constant de sdmontar 70S pi capactais de aso sci in olor de Meeps concentra olor favrzoazd asociea, ar scderea concent sores. Din puncte vedere biotic bozo conn 65-70% ARN rboromal (ARNE) i 30+ 3% protsne. bozo repent cargenera ean a sista de Vaducere a infomafel genetics cu asia protec, moment in cao se grupeazd In polazomi (xpd funconae formats dn 4-80 Ps as itil rbozomal), Boslaza protic imp infal tance infomapel genetoe pe ARN, cae va transpote acest ifomafe de lagen vl ibzomir, su forma wel cop complemente. Sneza [ARN escalate ranssipaza (ARN polieraza ADN-

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