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    Freud Dostoevsky Parricide PDF

    Uploaded by

    Irakli Gunia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14
    THE STANDARD EDITION (OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF SIGMUND FREUD “Translated from the Gorman under the Gesrl Estrskip of JAMES STRACHEY In Collaboration with ANNA FREUD Asst by ALIX. STRACHEY and ALAN TYSON voums xxr (a927-1931) The Future of an Illusion Civilization and its Discontents end Other Works LONDON THE HOGARTH PRESS AND THOR INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS. Iyer im A RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE subject by Sante de Sancti (1924, which incidentally tes all the findings of peycho-analysis into account. Study of this work. ‘confirms ovr expectation that by no means every case of canver~ son can be understood so easly as this one. Im no respec, how fever, does our cate contradict the views arved at en the fubject by modem research, ‘The point which our present ‘ervation throws into relies the manner in which the con ‘ersion was etached to particular determining event, which cated the subject's scepticism to flare up for 2 last time before Deing finally extinguished. DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE (1928 [1927)) ‘ EDITOR'S NOTE DOSTOJEWSKI UND DIR VATERTOTUNG (4) Gear Eomoxe 1928 In Die Urgutalt dor Brtdor Karemaref, od, R. Falipe Miller and F. Hekstein, Munich Pp. xis. 1929 Alnanack 199), 9-31. 1984 Gy 12, 7-26. 1949 GF, 14 899-4108, (0) Excuse Tasxstanoxs: "Deatoevsbi and Paricide! 1929 The Reais, 1 (8), 18-33, (Te. DF. Tait) “Dostoevsky and Paricide’ 1945 Int J. Pecondnah, Hh (1 & 2}, 1-8, (The above very cansiderably revieed and with a alighiy modified file) 1945 Porson Review, 12 (4), 520-44. (Reprint of above.) 1947 InP. M.Dortoevsky, Steg’ Confess, eans.V, Woolt ‘and Koteiansky, New York: Lear Publications, BI-114, (Reprint of above.) 1950 GP, 8, 229-42. (Further revsion of above.) “The present tansation i avery lightly corrected repent of. that of 1950, From 1925 onwards, Folép-Miler and Eelstein began Sssuing a series of volumes supplementary tothe great complete German edition of Destoevey which, edited by Mozller van dden Bruck, had been competed a few year eatier. Tho new volumes, Uniform with the complete edition, contained post ‘numous writings, unfinished drats and material from vations sources dhowing light on Deatoeshy’s character and works. (One ofthese velumes was to contain acolection of preiminary drafts and sketches relating to The Brotes Karamazse and a Sscuson ofthe bool’ sourees; andthe editors were anxious 0 1 ry DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE ppersunde Freud to contribute an introduction dealing withthe psychology both of the book and of is author, They teem to| have approached hum early in 1925 and he had begun writing his esey by the end of June of that year. He wes defiste fromm it, however, by the urgent neccsi for prodsing his pamphlet ‘Lay analysis (19260) in view of the proceedings which had ‘been begun against Theodor Reik (Slondard £2, 20, 180). ‘Thereafter he seems to have lost interest in the Dosoerky ‘say, particularly as Ernest Jones tells us (1957, 152), after he Inad come across book on the same subject by Neufeld (1922), ‘hich, at he says in a footnote (p. 198)—with considerable ‘modesy, ft mast be remarked-, contained mort ofthe ideas ures puting rad not dear wae ok say upagein, Jones (lo. cit) suggests that i was finite carly in 1827; but this seems scnrsty key, since Stefan ‘Zovcig’s story with which the later part ofthe ety i concerned ‘only appeared in 1927, The volume to which Freud's eoay served as an introduction (Te Origisal Version of the Brothers Foran) was not published until the autasn of 1928, ‘The esay falls into ewo distinct parts. The fist deals with Dostoevaly’s character in general with bis masochism, his sense of gui, his ‘epileptoid attacks and his double attitude in ‘the Oedipus complex. The seond diseues the special point of his pasion for gambling and leads to an account of @ short story by Stefan Zweig which throws Highton the genesis of that addiction, As willbe sen fom a subsequent eter of Fread’s 0 ‘Theodor Reik which we print a en appendix (p. 195), the ‘to parts ofthe essay are more closely related than appeats om the surface, ‘The present essay may show signs of being an ‘oceasional picee, ut it contains mch that ie of interest—for instance, Freud's first discussion of hysterical attacks since his ently paper on the subject writen twenty years before (1900), 2 Fesiatement ot his later views on the Oedipus complex and the senze of gil, and a sidelight on the problem of masturbation ‘which snot tobe found in his eavier account ofthe question (1912p). But above all, be had an opportunity here for express fg hiviews ona wetr whom he placa i the very oat rank DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE, Four fete may be ditinguithed in the ih penny of Dosti he eave artsy he neat he maaan the une’ How Hane to Bil onc may ints bowling complenne "The cave art the en dub: Doss place tot at behind Shakespeare Tie Bris Reena the tron magnificent novel ever wien th pode Grand Toque one of he pas inthe its of he wed a aly be alte too gly Bere the rotiem af he este 2st nae must ala, lay down ne. "The mori in Donon the oe rnd stable. we wk to ra im igh a orl nthe ples at ony tan who han gone though the dept of a con seach the Hight semmit of morals, we are neglecng 2 dob ae ee Amor wari one who reac to tempation ss s00n 8 ie fei im is hear, iw ying © A man wo Slimately sat and then iis remot ret igh moral Standard yn hime open ote eponch that he ha le {Sings too ey Sr hi Be han bevel he enene moral, renndan, forthe mora conduct of ie is prackeal tuman inte. He reds one of the baaran ot Sheet migration, who muri nl il penance far lk [enanteBeeame an sco techniqefrenslng monde 9 be sue von the ‘Tele behaved in ray ti way inde {hs compromin wth moray characte Rusa ae Nor wash al autcme of Do oral sting a= {hing very ls Alter th ont let argyle ecoace theinnnteldamande of te nda witht cao he ‘outmun, be andl inthe reetade psn of bmision tori tesporal and pital subsry,fvencraton bth or the Tw ai fo the God of the Cnsiany, sn f marco iets natioalonaypon bicewe undsbave reached te alr efor Tate weak oat aa rest pose iy Dastonty Trew avay De cane of econ eacher Sn ibeator of bumanty aod made Niello ih thir fale. The fre of human cilason wil have le fo ‘Soi hime ttacems pobabiate was condemned ola " tm DOSTOEVSKY AND FARRIOIDE fare by is near The estes ising andthe engi of hove for hamaaey mht ave opened fo hin ome, on aps nay ee To comer Donconiy ts sane oe» enna yous violent opposition, which need not be based upon a philstine Sense of cna Te eal motte for dr prensa Kiomue parent Tvo sae cena clini teundles ego sod 2 aeons desevtve rg. Canon to Fethot te and n mccanyfonfon i the exreson, ‘Secu fav lick eam enotnal apenas of hens} Shr: One a once reals the cnet hs preted By Dostosiyhis reat ced eve and hi enone copay Be lve wich tobe sen in means of raged Endo ae oe Hf love and help here he kod ent bute ant tobe revenge, sf cramp, hi shoe iit serine tach sitet why thr any tempat a reton Doo pony coals The ange htt itcomes fem cht {Fins sg ou em loch vile marron Sh qu Charatan ft cet fat {endencswithin bin an a fo eta cari Ee hs pon fr going and hi posible enfin od seo! walt po foun fits The contacto old ty tie veizadon ane Does ey wong deste any nich might ealy have mate Him cna was his actual life directed mainly against his own person (inward EEncod of ostard) and thu fund expres mac Sods nse of pe Nowrthcen, He pero read feds wai Plenty, wich se heme ink re tty, brea ormesig aod ha ntleane ren nea ovis loved nd wiih gears nthe wan why a See the dicuion of thin Folop-Miee ane Eetnein (1926). Sietan Zvelg (1820) wees: “He ven aot bated by te bares of ein (1625 ct ape nae pom Salon 12 ofa ‘cul anatiton anima fe appa seenl tack Dossy Sst gest teen Sp Ces Fee DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE 9 ‘an author, he treats his reader, Thus in litle things he war 2 sadist towards others, and in bigacr things a sadist towards Smullin fact a masochist—that tosay the mds, Ende, mort belpful person pose, ‘We have elected three factors from Dostoevaky’s complex penonality, one quantitative and two qualtave: the extra: ‘ordinary intensity of bis emotional lify his pervere innate {ntinesal poston, which inevitably marked him out to bea saddo-masochist ot a ctininal, and bis unanalysable artiste git ‘This combination might very well exist without neurosis dere are people who are complete masochist without being neurotic. Nevertheles, the balance of forees between his instinctual ‘demands and he inhibitions opposing them (lus the vailable methods of sublimation) would even 9 make it necessary to classy Dostoevaky as what is known aa sa ‘nstiaeéual char fete’. But the postion is obscured by the simultaneous pres ence of neurosis, which, as we have said, was not in the circa stancesinewtable, bt which comes ints being the mare readily, the cher the complication wich ato be mastered by the of For neurosis after all only sign that the ego has not soceeded in making a synthesis, shat in attempting to do so i has for= ‘ied ts ent Hoow then, soicly speaking, docs his neurosis show ite? Dostoevaky called himself an epileptic, and was regarded 5 such by other people, oa account of his severe attacks, which ‘were accompanied by less of conscioumess, muscular con- vulsions and subsequent depresion. Now iti highly probable ‘hat this so-called eplepay was only symptom of his neuroia ‘and must according beclasfedeehystero-epilepry—that as severe hysteria, We eganot be completely eerain on this poiat far tworeasons fly, because the anamacsticdataon Dostocv- sys alleged eplepey are defective and untrassvorthy, and secondly, because our understanding of pathologeal sates ‘combined with eplepirna attacks is mperec. ‘To take the second point fist. Te i unnecessry here to reproduce the whole pathology of epilepey, for it would threw no decisive light onthe problem. But this may be sid, The old nurdus aay istiin evidence a8 an ostensible clinical entry, the ftacanny disease with ie incalelable, apparently unprovoked convulive atacke, its changing ofthe character into insabiliyy and aggresivenes, and iis progresive lowering of ll the 100 DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE tf wi ge i sm Sh te ees a ie eipitceng untae Sheba peaammeacsae tac eee Shag ewe ace nar muni eaw meen tnsaaris Secie Sied suea conan cease gee ieee camer auc iubimentemn cm titeccraa ‘cause (a fright, for instance) or may react in other respects to. SSL Rad oetbetecee een pence cena Soninne movant anna sake rae eas ies Soler eee het sie Siee Gi partners ieiapied face sacred soon Pek mioed mae fa eee is Sicenesta tere tact ay Sheree ors secant earns jeememitect meet aia eer tree tain that ‘epilepsy isa sigle clinical entity. The similarity that Sama rar ‘view of them. It is as though a mechanism for abnormal Eee Es cen te ere metres hla ieee Serie ere histolytic or toxic affections, and also in the case of inadequate bie re eee at agmprininieneanas css hs dctny we ive a gine ofthe ety os Bs Sa rane eat Shs chenceeteere aie Eanes es Cos Sorta chemical DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE im dep ein and nap of epee metho discharging stimuli. ale STE cin wi coon cnn my be ese att alee pdf as he Gert tinge tj ae metotso n SE eal Gal ply ep id ino ppminctl ae nina on we Edy jucalty geal sl paca ae ‘tis therefore quite right to distinguish between an orgunic and sate py Ihe repent es Poneto ee tone tnd reer te be, {EEE on land cri ear Tether wal tl ns ab a teins hone eile be aan Spra i a Teena eatin Dooney wat ete scons RU ancapalan gt oe Seeeddigw ent plas nek ea apace PRUE EE ieee tne ees cin acet ty alee Theo Sot ek retest go soto seg he steed De Spree ce th Sooty: ie met seine al ue se nt ke She hp ar sen egret rod ys ope re SEP ey eee ge Sytes yse rat lal hove Poni pyjamas 20, See ‘Slane alo tena ty se asm (12 im er tothe eer) Ofcpa es he Ee area ie oma a Svan lpuaey igen steeetwrsnc ee cen ea est rn te inne Nor ip bneoin Geta near aE Bay tates aera anne reticence Waites Ee seer Zcdty aioe sa oer ceed Sha taairtnn an event de SR ee me DOSTORVEKY AND PARRICIDE could be esablihed that they ceased completely during hie cle in Siberia, but other accounts contradict thi. ‘The unmistakable eouneeson between the murder of the father in Tie Broderr Karenazeo aud the fate of Dostocvaky’s ‘wn father as struck more than one of is biographers, and has Jed them to refer t ‘a exrtain modera échoo! of pyehology From the standpoint of peycho-analyris (for that ie what i ‘meant, we are tempted to seein that event the severest trauma, ‘and to Tegard Dostoemaky's reaction to it atthe toring-point of his neuresi. Bot if F undertake to substantiate dha view paebovanalyealy, T shall have to risk the danger of being tninteligible to all tho readers who are unfamiliar with the Tanguage and theories of paycho-analysis. ‘We have one cestain saring-point. We know the mesning of the frst attacks from which Destorvky suffered in hit early years, lng before the incidenes of the ‘epilepsy’. These attacks lad the significance of death: they were heralded by 2 fear of death and consisted of lethargic, somnolent states, The nes first eame over nlm while he wes stl boy, inthe form of a sauden, groundless melancholy, feeling, ashe later wold hi fiend Soloviey, a though he were geing to di onthe spot. And there in face fllowed a state exactly similar to real death, His brother Andtey tells w that even when he was quite young Fyodor used to leave lite notes about before he went to sleep, saying that he was afraid he might fll into this deathlike sleep daring the night and therefore begeed that his burial sol = pone Be days Pipers Best ‘We know the meaning and intention of sich deathlike attacks? They signify an identification with a dead person, square. Bogrpbers and enti eeach wtkes cannot el get Hina . Ugraphical statement of neuotcn Eapericnce shove at thelr ‘mrtotes atodue faieation which ae csgned to crap die fgreabl causal comes Neverthe, it appets cea. at Disney's detaton in the Sberlan pron marily sted. is uholoeal condition. CL lop file (1824 188). [The explanation was lead aven by fra la eve w Fle of ebraaty 8 087 (Fred, 1850, Ltr 39). DOSTOEVSKY AND PARRICIDE 19 cither with someone who i really dead or with someone whois sill alive and whom the subject wishes dead. The latter cas it the more significant. The attack then has che value ofa panishe tment. One has wished another person dead, and now ove i this ‘ther pers and is dead oneselé. At this point payeho-anslyical theory brings inthe asperGon that lara boy tis ose perzon i= ‘osally his father and thatthe atinck (which etermed hyeterca) Js thus selepunishment for a deadhwish against a hated faher. Parvicide, according to a well-known view, isthe principal ‘and primal crime of homanity a8 well as of the individual, (See ‘my Totem sd Tees, 1912-13.) Ieisin avy cace the main source ‘ofthe sense of ul, though we do not know ificis the only one: researches have not yet been able to establish with certainty the ental origin of guilt and the need for expiaton. Bat iis not necessary fort oe the only one. The psychological siceaion i ‘complcnted and requires elucidation. The ration of a boy to Is fathee i as we say, an ‘ambivalent ane. Tm addition tothe late which seek to gt rid ofthe father asa sal, a measure of ‘ertdemess for isn is alo habitually prevent. The two atitades ‘of mind combine to produce identification with the farher; the boy wants to be in his Fathers place because he admires him fand yes to be ke hitn, and leo becasse he waacs to pt ira ‘ut ofthe way. This whole development now comes up against powerful obstacle, At a certain moment the child comes to Inderstand that an attempt to remave his father asa rival would ‘be pune by im with eatration. Soom fear of astration— ‘hatin the interest of preserving his masculinity-he gives up [ie wish o poses his mother and get rd of his father nv ‘as this ish remains i the aneanicious it forms the basis of he ‘sense of guile. We believe that what we have here been describ {ng are normal proceses, the normal fate of the so

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