CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD

QUY CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM

QUY HOCH XY DNG
Vietnam Building Code.
Regional and Urban Planning and Rural Residental Planning

H NI - 2008

B XY DNG
 QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD

QUY CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM

QUY HOCH XY DNG

H NI - 2008

2
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD do Vin
Quy hoch th - nng thn bin son, V Khoa hc Cng ngh
trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s
04/2008/Q-BXD ngy 3 thng 4 nm 2008. Quy chun ny c
sot xt v thay th phn II, tp I, Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam
c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 682/BXD-CSXD ngy
14/12/1996 ca B trng B Xy dng.

3
 MC LC
Trang

CHNG I. CC QUY NH CHUNG............................................................................... 5

1.1 Phm vi p dng ......................................................................................5
1.2 Gii thch t ng .....................................................................................6
1.3 Khu vc bo v cng trnh v khong cch ly v sinh, an ton ...................8
1.4 Yu cu i vi cng tc quy hoch xy dng...........................................9

CHNG II. QUY HOCH KHNG GIAN .................................................................... 15

2.1 Quy hoch khng gian vng ................................................................... 15
2.2 T chc khng gian trong quy hoch chung xy dng th .................... 15
2.3 Quy hoch chi tit xy dng th ......................................................... 16
2.4 Quy hoch cc n v ......................................................................... 18
2.5 Quy hoch h thng cc cng trnh dch v th ................................... 19
2.6 Quy hoch cy xanh th ..................................................................... 21
2.7 Quy hoch khu cng nghip v kho tng................................................. 22
2.8 Thit k th ....................................................................................... 25
2.9 Quy hoch khng gian ngm .................................................................. 34
2.10 Quy hoch ci to cc khu vc c trong th ........................................ 36
2.11 Quy hoch xy dng im dn c nng thn ........................................... 38

CHNG III. QUY HOCH CHUN B K THUT ................................................... 44

3.1 Cc quy nh chung i vi quy hoch chun b k thut......................... 44
3.2 Quy hoch chun b k thut vng .......................................................... 45
3.3 Quy hoch chun b k thut th......................................................... 45
3.4 Quy hoch chun b k thut im dn c nng thn ............................... 46

CHNG IV. QUY HOCH GIAO THNG ................................................................... 48

4.1 Cc quy nh chung v quy hoch giao thng.......................................... 48
4.2 Quy hoch giao thng vng.................................................................... 48
4.3 Quy hoch giao thng th .................................................................. 48
4.4 Quy hoch giao thng im dn c nng thn. ........................................ 58

CHNG V. QUY HOCH CP NC .......................................................................... 59

5.1 Khu vc bo v cng trnh cp nc...................................................... 59
5.2 Quy hoch cp nc vng ...................................................................... 59
5.3 Quy hoch cp nc th..................................................................... 60
5.4 Quy hoch cp nc im dn c nng thn ........................................... 64

4
CHNG VI. QUY HOCH THOT NC THI, QUN L CHT THI RN V
NGHA TRANG ........................................................................................ 66
6.1 Cc quy nh chung ............................................................................... 66
6.2 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang vng .......... 72
6.3 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang th ......... 72
6.4 Quy hoch thot nc, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang im dn c nng
thn ...................................................................................................... 73

CHNG VII. QUY HOCH CP IN ......................................................................... 74

7.1 Cc yu cu i vi qui hoch cp in .................................................. 74
7.2 Quy hoch cp in vng ....................................................................... 74
7.3 Quy hoch cp in th ...................................................................... 75
7.4 Quy hoch cp in im dn c nng thn. ........................................... 80
PH LC 80

CHNG I. CC QUY NH CHUNG

1.1 Phm vi p dng

5
 Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam v quy hoch xy dng l nhng quy nh bt buc
phi tun th trong qu trnh lp, thm nh v ph duyt cc n quy hoch xy dng;
l c s php l qun l vic ban hnh, p dng cc tiu chun quy hoch xy dng v
cc quy nh v qun l xy dng theo quy hoch ti a phng.

1.2 Gii thch t ng

1) Quy hoch xy dng: l vic t chc hoc nh hng t chc khng gian vng,
khng gian th v im dn c, h thng cng trnh h tng k thut, h tng x hi,
to lp mi trng sng thch hp cho ngi dn sng ti cc vng lnh th , m bo
kt hp hi ha gia li ch quc gia v li ch cng ng, p ng c cc mc tiu
pht trin kinh t - x hi, quc phng, an ninh v bo v mi trng.
2) th: l im dn c tp trung, c vai tr thc y s pht trin kinh t, x hi
ca mt vng lnh th, c c s h tng th thch hp v c quy m dn s thnh th
ti thiu l 4.000 ngi (i vi min ni ti thiu l 2.800 ngi) vi t l lao ng phi
nng nghip ti thiu l 65%. th gm cc loi: thnh ph, th x v th trn. th
bao gm cc khu chc nng th.
3) Khu th: l khu vc xy dng mt hay nhiu khu chc nng ca th, c
gii hn bi cc ranh gii t nhin, ranh gii nhn to hoc cc ng chnh th. Khu
th bao gm: cc n v ; cc cng trnh dch v cho bn thn khu th ; c th c
cc cng trnh dch v chung ca ton th hoc cp vng.
4) n v : l khu chc nng bao gm cc nhm nh ; cc cng trnh dch v cp
n v nh trng mm non, trng tiu hc, trng trung hc c s; trm y t, ch,
trung tm th dc th thao (TDTT), im sinh hot vn ha v cc trung tm dch v cp
n v khc phc v cho nhu cu thng xuyn ca cng ng dn c trong n v ...;
vn hoa, sn chi trong n v ; t ng giao thng ni b (bao gm ng t cp
phn khu vc n ng nhm nh ) v bi xe phc v trong n v ... Cc cng
trnh dch v cp n v (cp I) v vn hoa sn chi trong n v c bn knh phc
v 500m. Quy m dn s ti a ca n v l 20.000 ngi, quy m dn s ti thiu
ca n v l 4.000 ngi (i vi cc th min ni l 2.800 ngi). ng giao
thng chnh th khng c chia ct n v . Ty theo quy m v nhu cu qun l
b tr trung tm hnh chnh cp phng. t trung tm hnh chnh cp phng c tnh
vo t n v . Ty theo gii php quy hoch, trong cc n v c th b tr an xen
mt s cng trnh ngoi cc khu chc nng thnh phn ca n v nu trn, nhng t
xy dng cc cng trnh ny khng thuc t n v .
5) Nhm nh : c gii hn bi cc ng cp phn khu vc tr ln (xem bng
4.4).
- Nhm nh chung c bao gm: din tch chim t ca bn thn cc khi nh
chung c, din tch sn ng v sn chi ni b nhm nh , bi xe ni b v sn
vn trong nhm nh .
- Nhm nh lin k, nh ring l bao gm: din tch cc l t xy dng nh
ca cc h gia nh (t ), din tch ng nhm nh (ng giao thng chung dn
n cc l t ca cc h gia nh), din tch vn hoa, sn chi ni b nhm nh .

6
- Trong cc sn chi ni b c php b tr cc cng trnh sinh hot vn ha cng
ng vi quy m ph hp vi nhu cu ca cng ng trong phm vi phc v.
6) t : l din tch chim t ca cc cng trnh nh chung c (trong l t dnh
cho xy dng nh chung c) hoc l din tch trong khun vin cc l t dng lin k
v nh ring l (bao gm din tch chim t ca cc cng trnh nh lin k v nh
ring l v sn vn, ng dn ring vo nh lin k hoc nh ring l , khng
bao gm ng giao thng chung).
7) t xy dng th: l t xy dng cc khu chc nng th (bao gm c cc h
thng h tng k thut th). t d phng pht trin, t nng lm nghip trong th
v cc loi t khng phc v cho hot ng ca cc chc nng th khng phi l t
xy dng th.
8) t th:
- t th l t ni thnh ph, t ni th x v t th trn.
- t ngoi thnh, ngoi th c quy hoch v c c quan Nh nc c thm
quyn ph duyt pht trin th c qun l nh t th.
9) Khu : l mt khu vc xy dng th c chc nng chnh l phc v nhu cu
v sinh hot hng ngy ca ngi dn th, khng phn bit quy m.
10) Cu trc chin lc pht trin th: l cu trc t chc khng gian th nhm
thc hin chin lc pht trin th. Cu trc khng gian l dng vt th ha ca cc
mi quan h gia cc b phn cu thnh trong th.
11) H tng k thut th gm:
- H thng giao thng;
- H thng cung cp nng lng;
- H thng chiu sng cng cng;
- H thng cp nc, h thng thot nc;
- H thng qun l cc cht thi, v sinh mi trng;
- H thng ngha trang;
- Cc cng trnh h tng k thut khc.
12) H tng x hi th gm:
- Cc cng trnh nh ;
- Cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v: y t, vn ha, gio dc, th dc th thao,
thng mi v cc cng trnh dch v th khc;
- Cc cng trnh qung trng, cng vin, cy xanh, mt nc;
- Cc cng trnh c quan hnh chnh th;
- Cc cng trnh h tng x hi khc.
13) Cng trnh (hoc t s dng) hn hp: l cng trnh (hoc qu t) s dng cho
nhiu mc ch khc nhau (v d: kt hp kinh doanh dch v, v/hoc kt hp sn
xut).
14) Mt xy dng:

7
a) Mt xy dng thun (net-t) l t l din tch chim t ca cc cng trnh kin
trc xy dng trn tng din tch l t (khng bao gm din tch chim t ca cc
cng trnh nh: cc tiu cnh trang tr, b bi, sn th thao ngai tri (tr sn ten-nit
v sn th thao c xy dng c nh v chim khi tch khng gian trn mt t),
b cnh).
b) Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ca mt khu vc th l t l din tch chim t ca
cc cng trnh kin trc trn tng din tch ton khu t (din tch ton khu t bao
gm c sn ng, cc khu cy xanh, khng gian m v cc khu vc khng xy dng
cng trnh trong khu t ).
15) Ch gii ng : l ng ranh gii phn nh gia phn l t xy dng
cng trnh v phn t c dnh cho ng giao thng hoc cc cng trnh k thut h
tng.
16) Ch gii xy dng: l ng gii hn cho php xy dng nh, cng trnh trn l
t.
17) Ch gii xy dng ngm: l ng gii hn cho php xy dng nh, cng trnh
ngm di t (khng bao gm h thng h tng k thut ngm).
18) Khong li: l khong cch gia ch gii ng v ch gii xy dng.
19) Ct xy dng khng ch: l cao xy dng ti thiu bt buc phi tun th c
la chn ph hp vi quy chun v quy hoch chun b k thut.
20) Khong cch an ton v mi trng (ATVMT): l khong cch an tan bo v
ngun nc, t ngun pht thi (trm bm, nh my x l nc thi, h sinh hc, khu
lin hp x l cht thi rn, bi chn lp cht thi rn, ngha trang, l ha tng, cng trnh
sn xut cng nghip tiu th cng nghip...) n cc cng trnh h tng x hi.
21) Hnh lang bo v an ton li in: l khong khng gian lu khng v chiu
rng, chiu di v chiu cao chy dc theo cng trnh ng dy ti in hoc bao quanh
trm in.

1.3 Khu vc bo v cng trnh v khong cch ly v sinh, an ton

Trong quy hoch xy dng, qun l xy dng phi tun th cc quy nh chuyn
ngnh v khu vc bo v v khong cch ly v sinh, an ton bao gm:
1) Khu vc bo v ca cc cng trnh k thut h tng:
- iu, cng trnh thy li;
- Cng trnh giao thng: ng b, ng st, ng thy, ng khng;
- H thng thng tin lin lc;
- Li in cao p;
- ng ng dn kh t, dn du;
- Cng trnh cp nc, thot nc;
- Ngun nc.
2) Khu vc bo v di tch lch s, vn ha, danh lam thng cnh v cc khu bo tn.

8
3) Khu vc bo v cng trnh an ninh, quc phng.
4) Khu vc cch ly gia khu dn dng vi:
- X nghip cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip;
- Kho tng;
- Trm bm, trm x l nc thi;
- Khu x l cht thi rn, ngha trang;
- V tr n mn khai thc than, t, .
5) Khong cch an ton chng chy gia cc loi cng trnh:
- Gia cc nh v cng trnh dn dng vi nhau;
- Gia cc cng trnh cng nghip vi cc cng trnh khc;
- Gia kho nhin liu, trm xng du, trm phn phi kh t vi cc cng trnh
khc.
6) Khong cch an ton bay.
7) Khong cch an ton i vi khu vc c kh nng xy ra thin tai, tai bin a cht
(st, nt, trt l, l qut,), phng x.

1.4 Yu cu i vi cng tc quy hoch xy dng

1.4.1 Cc yu cu chung

Quy hoch xy dng phi m bo cc yu cu di y:

1) Tun th cc vn bn php quy hin hnh v quy hoch xy dng.
2) Tun th cc quy nh php l c lin quan v bo v cc cng trnh k thut,
cng trnh quc phng, di tch lch s, vn ha v bo v mi trng.
3) Ph hp vi c im ca a phng v:
- iu kin t nhin: a hnh, a cht, a cht thy vn, t ai, ngun nc, mi
trng, kh hu, ti nguyn, cnh quan;
- Kinh t: hin trng v tim nng pht trin;
- X hi: dn s, phong tc, tp qun, tn ngng...
4) m bo vic xy dng mi, ci to cc th, khu dn c, khu cng nghip v
t hiu qu v cc mt:
- Bo m cc iu kin an ton, v sinh, tin nghi cho nhng ngi lm vic v
sinh sng trong khu vc hoc cng trnh c xy dng ci to.
- Bo v c li ch ca ton x hi, bao gm:
+ Bo v mi trng sng, cnh quan v cc di tch lch s, vn ha, gi gn v pht
trin bn sc vn ha dn tc;
+ Ph hp vi xu th pht trin kinh t, chnh tr, x hi;
+ Bo v cng trnh xy dng v ti sn bn trong cng trnh;
+ m bo cc yu cu v quc phng, an ninh;

9
 + m bo pht trin bn vng.
- S dng hp l vn u t, t ai v ti nguyn;
- S dng bn vng ti nguyn mi trng.
1.4.2 Yu cu i vi quy hoch xy dng vng

1) Quy hoch xy dng cho cc vng c chc nng tng hp hoc chuyn ngnh phi
thc hin theo mc tiu v nhim v do cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
2) Ty theo c im, quy m ca tng vng, quy hoch xy dng vng cn p ng
c cc yu cu sau y:
- Xc nh c tm nhn, vin cnh pht trin ca ton vng;
- Xc nh c mc tiu pht trin chin lc cho ton vng;
- nh hng c vai tr, chc nng ca cc tiu vng ng lc, cc th ht
nhn ca cc tiu vng v cc tiu vng nng thn chnh trong vng;
- Xc nh c m hnh lin kt, quan h gia cc th v cc tiu vng dn c
nng thn (hoc cc im dn c nng thn trong trng hp quy hoch xy dng vng
huyn);
- nh hng c cc tiu vng tp trung pht trin cc chc nng chnh trong
vng nh cng nghip, nng nghip, lm nghip, ng nghip, du lch;
- Khoanh vng bo v di sn, cnh quan thin nhin, di tch lch s vn ha; khoanh
vng cm xy dng;
- D bo c nhu cu s dng c s h tng trong vng; nh hng c chin
lc cung cp h tng k thut trong vng, xc nh cc cng trnh u mi, mng li,
v tr v quy m h tng k thut mang tnh cht vng hoc lin vng;
- xut c cc d n chin lc v ngun lc thc hin;
- nh gi mi trng chin lc v xut cc bin php kim sot mi trng.
1.4.3 Yu cu i vi quy hoch chung xy dng th

Ty theo c im, quy m ca tng th, quy hoch chung xy dng th cn

p ng c cc yu cu sau y:
- Xc nh c vin cnh pht trin th (tm nhn);
- Xc nh c cc chin lc pht trin th chnh;
- xut c cu trc tng th pht trin khng gian th (bao gm ni th v
ngoi th) v cc cu trc c trng ph hp vi cc chin lc pht trin th;
- D bo quy m dn s, nhu cu lao ng v nhu cu t ai xy dng th;
- xut c cc ch tiu v s dng t, ch tiu cung cp h tng ph hp vi
mc tiu pht trin cho cc giai on pht trin th;
- xut c cc gii php quy hoch s dng t vi kh nng s dng t hn
hp mc ti a, m bo tnh linh hot v nng ng thc hin cc chin lc
pht trin th;
- nh hng c h thng khung h tng k thut phc v cho pht trin th:

10
 + nh gi tng hp v la chn t xy dng th, m bo p ng ti u cc
mc tiu pht trin th;
+ Xc nh ct xy dng khng ch ti cc khu vc cn thit v cc trc giao thng
chnh th m bo kim sot v khp ni gia cc khu chc nng trong th;
+ Xc nh mng li giao thng khung bao gm: giao thng i ngoi, cc trc
giao thng chnh th, cc cng trnh u mi giao thng (nh: cng hng
khng, cng bin, cng sng, u mi giao thng, thy li...); t chc giao thng
cng cng cho cc th loi III tr ln; xc nh ch gii ng cc trc giao
thng chnh th;
+ La chn ngun, xc nh quy m, v tr, cng sut ca cc cng trnh u mi;
mng li truyn ti v phn phi chnh ca cc h thng cp nc, cp in;
mng li ng cng thot nc chnh; cc cng trnh x l nc thi, cht thi
rn; ngha trang v cc cng trnh h tng k thut chnh khc ca th;
+ T chc h thng tuy-nen k thut ph hp vi h thng h tng k thut khung.
- Xc nh cc d n chin lc v ngun lc thc hin;
- Thit k th: xut c khung thit k th tng th bao gm cc khng
gian trng tm, trng im v cc khng gian c trng trong th;
- nh gi mi trng chin lc v xut cc bin php kim sot mi trng.

1.4.4 Yu cu i vi quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/2.000

Trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/2.000, cn nghin cu xut cc

gii php quy hoch mang tnh cht nh hng v cu trc cho tan khu vc nghin cu,
m bo ph hp vi chin lc v cu trc pht trin chung ca ton th, m bo
khp ni v mt t chc khng gian v h tng k thut, h tng x hi v t chc cc
n v gia cc khu vc trong phm vi nghin cu v vi cc khu vc ln cn, m bo
tnh ng b, hiu qu v bn vng, ng thi phi p ng linh hot nhu cu u t pht
trin ca x hi.
Quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/2.000 phi p ng cc mc tiu v nhim
v c th c ph duyt, ng thi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
- xut c cc cu trc t chc khng gian th;
- xut c cc gii php quy hoch s dng t p ng c yu cu v s
dng t hn hp, m bo p ng linh hot v nng ng cho nhu cu pht trin ca
th, bao gm: cc loi chc nng (mt hoc nhiu chc nng) c php xy dng trong
mi khu t, xut cc ngng khng ch (nu cn thit) v mt xy dng v chiu
cao cng trnh ph hp vi cu trc khng gian quy hoch v cc chin lc pht trin
chung ca tan th;
- Xc nh c cc ch tiu v cu trc phn b cc cng trnh h tng x hi ch
yu ca khu vc thit k hoc tng khu vc c trng trong khu vc thit k ph hp vi
nhu cu qun l pht trin;
- Xc nh c cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut ch yu v h tng k thut ca khu
vc thit k hoc tng khu vc c trng trong khu vc thit k ph hp vi nhu cu
qun l pht trin;

11
- nh hng c cc gii php quy hoch h thng cng trnh h tng k thut
th, bao gm:
+ Mng li ng giao thng: cc gii php quy hoch giao thng i ngoi c lin
quan n khu vc thit k, giao thng th (n ng phn khu vc); mt ct, ch
gii ng ; yu cu v quy hoch bn, bi xe v h thng cng trnh ngm,
tuy-nen k thut...;
+ H thng cp nc: d bo nhu cu v ngun cp nc; v tr, quy m cc cng
trnh nh my, trm bm nc; b cha; cc cng trnh u mi cp nc khc v
mng li ng ng cp nc n ng phn khu vc;
+ H thng cp in: d bo nhu cu s dng v ngun cung cp in nng; v tr,
quy m cc trm in phn phi; mng li ng dy trung th v chiu sng
th...;
+ H thng thot nc: mng li thot nc; v tr, quy m cc cng trnh x l
nc thi, cht thi rn...;
- xut c cc d n chin lc v ngun lc thc hin;
- Thit k th: xut c cc gii php thit k th p ng c nhu cu
kim sot thc hin theo cc gii php quy hoch ca n;
- nh gi mi trng chin lc v xut cc bin php bo v mi trng.

1.4.5 Yu cu i vi quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/500

Trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/500, cn nghin cu xut cc gii
php quy hoch phc v cho nhu cu u t hoc ch trng u t c th, m bo ph
hp vi chin lc v cu trc pht trin chung ca tan th, m bo khp ni v mt
t chc khng gian v h tng k thut gia khu vc lp quy hoch v cc khu vc ln
cn, m bo tnh ng b, hiu qu v bn vng.
Quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/500 phi p ng cc mc tiu v nhim
v c th c duyt, ng thi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
- xut c cc gii php t chc khng gian quy hoch kin trc cnh quan trn
mt t v khng gian xy dng ngm;
- Xc nh c tnh cht, chc nng v cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut ch yu v s
dng t, h tng x hi v h tng k thut ca khu vc thit k;
- xut c cc ni dung v quy hoch s dng t, bao gm: xc nh din tch,
mt xy dng v chiu cao cng trnh cho tng l t; xc nh quy m cc cng trnh
ngm;
- xut c cc gii php quy hoch h thng cng trnh h tng k thut th,
bao gm:
+ Mng li ng giao thng: cc gii php quy hoch giao thng i ngoi c lin
quan n khu vc thit k, giao thng th (n tng cng trnh); mt ct, ch gii
ng v ch gii xy dng ca cc tuyn ng (n ng ni b); v tr, quy
m bn, bi xe v h thng cng trnh ngm, tuy-nen k thut...;

12
 + H thng cp nc: nhu cu v ngun cp nc; v tr, quy m cc cng trnh nh
my, trm bm nc; b cha; mng li ng ng cp nc n tng cng trnh
v cc thng s k thut chi tit...;
+ H thng cp in: nhu cu s dng v ngun cung cp in nng; v tr, quy m
cc trm in phn phi; mng li ng dy trung th, h th v chiu sng
th...;
+ H thng thot nc: mng li thot nc; v tr, quy m cc cng trnh x l
nc thi, cht thi rn...
- Thit k th: xut c cc gii php thit k th p ng c nhu cu
kim sot thc hin theo cc gii php quy hoch ca n;
- nh gi tc ng mi trng v xut cc bin php bo v mi trng.

1.4.6 Yu cu i vi quy hoch xy dng im dn c nng thn

i tng lp quy hoch xy dng im dn c nng thn bao gm cc khu trung

tm x hoc cc khu dn c nng thn tp trung (gi chung l thn). Quy hoch xy dng
im dn c nng thn phi cn c vo mc tiu nhim v c th v theo trnh t nh
sau:
- nh hng quy hoch xy dng mng li cc im dn c nng thn trong
phm vi ranh gii hnh chnh ton x hoc nh hng quy hoch xy dng mng li
cc im dn c nng thn trong phm vi mi quan h cht ch vi khu vc c quy
hoch. Thng qua , d bo c quy m v hnh thi pht trin hp l ca mi im
dn c theo tng giai on quy hoch.
- Quy hoch xy dng im dn c nng thn cn p ng cc yu cu sau:
+ Xc nh c mi quan h gia cc im dn c trong mng li quy hoch vi
vng xung quanh v mi mt (kinh t x hi, h tng k thut v h tng x hi...);
+ Xc nh c tim nng, th mnh v cc tin pht trin;
+ D bo c dn s v nhu cu xy dng cc loi cng trnh;
+ Quy hoch tng mt bng s dng t, b tr cc cng trnh xy dng nh nh ,
cng trnh dch v, cc khu vc bo tn tn to di tch v cnh quan, cc khu vc
cm xy dng;
+ Quy hoch pht trin cc cng trnh k thut h tng, xc nh ch gii ng ,
ch gii xy dng;
+ xut cc d n u tin xy dng t u.
1.4.7 Yu cu i vi d bo dn s trong quy hoch xy dng

Ni dung d bo dn s cn c nghin cu theo cc phng php khoa hc, ph

hp vi iu kin v c s d liu u vo ca n, m bo kt qu d bo ph hp
vi nhu cu v kh nng pht trin ca th, m bo l c s d bo nhu cu v h
tng k thut v h tng x hi trong vng, trong th v trong mi khu chc nng, m
bo hiu qu pht trin th.

13
 Quy m dn s d bo cn phi cp n cc thnh phn dn s c xc nh ph
hp vi Lut c tr, d bo c quy m dn s thng tr, quy m dn s tm tr v
quy m dn s lm vic ti th nhng khng c tr ti th
Trong quy hoch xy dng th phi d bo quy m trung bnh ca mt h gia
nh.

14
CHNG II. QUY HOCH KHNG GIAN

2.1 Quy hoch khng gian vng

Trong quy hoch xy dng vng, cn nh hng chin lc pht trin khng gian
vng. Cc phn vng chc nng cn c nghin cu bao gm:
1) Cc th v tiu vng hoc im dn c nng thn;
2) Cc vng tp trung sn xut cng nghip, kho tng, khai khong...;
3) Cc vng tp trung sn xut nng, lm, ng nghip;
4) Cc vng trung tm dch v (cp vng hoc quc gia, quc t):
- Vn ha, du lch (bao gm danh thng, di tch, bo v thin nhin, sinh thi...);
- Ngh dng, vui chi gii tr;
- Y t, bo v sc khe;
- o to, khoa hc cng ngh;
- Trung tm luyn tp, thi u th thao.
5) Cc phn vng chc nng c bit khc.

2.2 T chc khng gian trong quy hoch chung xy dng th

1) La chn t xy dng th
t c chn xy dng th phi p ng nhng yu cu sau:
- C cc li th v kinh t, x hi, h tng k thut v mi trng;
- C iu kin t nhin (a hnh, a cht, thy vn, kh hu) c th xy dng cng
trnh; khng nm trong khu vc t c cc hin tng gy st l, cax-t, tri trt, xi
mn, chn ng...;
- C din tch t pht trin th trong giai on 20 nm v d tr cho giai
on tip theo;
- C iu kin pht trin h thng h tng k thut th;
- Khng b nhim mi trng (do cht c ha hc, phng x, ting n, dch bnh
truyn nhim, chy, n...);
- Khng thuc phm vi khu vc c xc nh khai thc m, bo tn thin nhin;
- Khng nm trong phm vi cm xy dng theo php lut v xy dng;
- Khu vc la chn xy dng cc cng trnh ngm cn c iu kin k thut ph
hp vi quy chun xy dng cng trnh ngm v c iu kin kt ni hp l vi cc
cng trnh trn mt t.
2) T chc khng gian trong quy hoch chung xy dng th
Quy hoch chung xy dng th phi xc nh c cc cu trc pht trin khng
gian th nhm thc hin cc chin lc pht trin th (cu trc chin lc pht trin
th).
Cu trc pht trin khng gian th phi c xc nh trn c s khung thin
nhin ca th, cc iu kin hin trng, tim nng pht trin th; phi m bo

15
th pht trin bn vng, nng ng, hiu qu, v hng ti cc mc tiu pht trin th
chin lc, hng ti tm nhn (vin cnh) mong mun ca th trong tng lai.
- Cc cu trc pht trin khng gian th cn m bo cc ni dung v:
+ Hnh thi th: l gii c cu trc khng gian th, xc nh ranh gii pht
trin th, trung tm th, cc tuyn chnh, mt xy dng;
+ Kinh t th: d bo quy m dn s, mt dn s m bo th pht trin
hiu qu; d bo c cu ngnh ngh; xc nh mi quan h tng tc v nguyn tc
lin kt gia cc vng chc nng trn mt bng;
+ Thit k th: cc chin lc kim sot v hng dn pht trin lin quan n
cc ni dung v thit k th nh: tuyn, din, im nhn chnh, h thng khng
gian m trong th, phong cch kin trc, cnh quan th...;
+ Sinh thi th: cc chin lc pht trin ph hp vi h sinh thi th (a hnh,
nng, gi, nng lng t nhin, ng thc vt);
+ X hi hc th: cc chin lc pht trin th hng ti cng bng x hi ti
a trong vic quy hoch s dng khng gian, m bo iu kin sng cho cc i
tng khc nhau trong x hi (bao gm c khch du lch, cc thnh phn dn s
khng chnh thc...); cc gii php v vn tng phn giu ngho; cc gii php
i vi cc vn x hi khc;
+ Vn ha th: chin lc pht huy cc gi tr lch s, vn ha ca th trong
tng lai, to dng cc khng gian cn thit cho cc hot ng vn ha tn ngng
truyn thng;
+ Cu trc pht trin khng gian tng th ca ton th l kt qu lng ghp cc
cu trc thnh phn v khung h tng k thut th. Khung h tng k thut th
bao gm cu trc giao thng nhiu tng bc v khung h tng k thut chnh trong
th...
+ V quy hoch s dng t, cc xut phi ph hp vi cu trc pht trin khng
gian th cho tng khu vc c th v phi quy nh c:
+ Cc khu vc quy nh dnh cho cc khu chc nng c lp;
+ Cc khu vc s dng hn hp c th xy dng nhiu chc nng khc nhau, trong
phi quy nh cc loi chc nng c php xy dng trong mi khu vc.
Ty theo v tr, tnh cht ca tng khu vc quy hoch, ranh gii gia cc khu vc quy
hoch s dng t khc nhau trong th c th khng quy nh chnh xc, nhng phi
m bo cc nguyn tc lin kt trong cu trc khng gian chung. Ty theo chin lc
pht trin v cc tim nng pht trin, c th cn xc nh ngng i vi quy m mt s
chc nng trong th.

2.3 Quy hoch chi tit xy dng th

Quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000:
Quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000 l quy hoch dng cu trc, trong , cn xc nh
c th hn cu trc pht trin th theo cc chin lc pht trin lin quan n khu vc
thit k trong tng th chin lc chung ca ton th lng ghp vi cu trc v giao
thng v khung h tng k thut. Cu trc giao thng cn lm r cu trc tng bc ca h

16
thng, khung h tng k thut khc cn m bo kh nng cung cp h tng cho cc d
n thnh phn (cn c xut n cc tuyn ng cp khu vc).
Xc nh cc ch tiu v cung cp cc dch v h tng x hi th v cu trc phn
b cc cng trnh ny lm c s kim sot v khp ni cc d n u t thnh phn.
Trong n quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000, cha xc nh ch gii, mc gii ca tng
l t cng nh ca cc tuyn ng.
Quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500:
Quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500 cn xc nh quy m, v tr, hnh thc ca tng khu
chc nng th, p ng cho nhu cu hoc ch trng u t c th i vi khu vc lp
quy hoch. Trong n quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500, cn xc nh ch gii xy dng,
mc gii ca cc tuyn ng.
2.3.1 Cc khu chc nng th bao gm:
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh s dng hn hp (nh , hnh chnh, dch
v, sn xut khng c hi);
- Cc khu vc xy dng nh ;
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh dch v th:
+ Cng trnh hnh chnh cc cp ca th;
+ Cc cng trnh dch v th cc cp nh: gio dc ph thng, dy ngh, y t, vn
ha, TDTT, thng mi, du lch, ti chnh, ngn hng, bo him, bu chnh, vin
thng, tin hc, vn phng;
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc khu cy xanh cng vin, vn hoa th;
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh hnh chnh ngoi cp qun l hnh chnh
ca th;
- Cc khu chc nng ngoi giao;
- Cc vin nghin cu, trng chuyn nghip, bnh vin chuyn ngnh cp ngoi
th;
- Cc khu sn xut phi nng nghip: cng nghip, kho tng, bn bi (cha hng
ha), l m gia sc;
- Cc khu vc xy dng cng trnh tn gio, tn ngng;
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, bao gm: giao thng ni th v
giao thng i ngoi (mng li ng giao thng, nh ga, bn tu, bn xe i ngoi,
cng ng thy, cng hng khng);
- Cc khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh u mi h tng k thut th v cc
khong cch an tan v mi trng (ngha trang, cp in, cp v thot nc, x l nc
thi, x l rc thi, phng chng chy...);
- Cc khu vc c bit (khu qun s, an ninh ...);
- Cc khu vc cy xanh chuyn dng: vn m, cy xanh nghin cu, cy xanh
cch ly...;
- Cc khu chc nng th khc.

17
2.3.2 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch cc khu chc nng th
- Quy hoch cc khu chc nng th cn m bo tnh h thng, ng thi m
bo yu cu b tr hn hp nhiu loi chc nng khc nhau trong tng khu vc c th
mt cch hp l m bo tnh hiu qu, linh hot v bn vng cho tng khu vc
th, tun th theo cu trc chin lc pht trin chung ca tan th;
- Khu chc nng th phi v tr ph hp, m bo cc yu cu v bo v mi
trng, bo v cnh quan, phng chng chy v phi c lin h thun tin vi nhau
bng h thng giao thng hp l v an ton, m bo bn knh phc v ca cc cng trnh
cng cng, dch v v cng vin cy xanh;
- Phn khu chc nng th phi tn dng a hnh t nhin, hin trng kinh t, x
hi v cng trnh xy dng t chc khng gian th v b tr h thng k thut t
hiu qu cao v thm m, v u t v khai thc s dng;
- T chc khng gian th trn mt t v di mt t phi c kt ni hp l;
- Quy hoch s dng t cc khu chc nng phi c xc nh trn c s cc iu
kin c th ca tng khu vc: mc tiu quy hoch; iu kin t nhin v hin trng; qu
t pht trin...; m bo mi trng sng v lm vic thun li cho ngi dn, nng cao
hiu qu qu t hng ti pht trin bn vng;
- Ngoi cc nhu cu ca bn thn khu vc quy hoch, quy m cc khu chc nng
th phi tnh n vic p ng nhu cu ca khch vng lai v cc khu vc ln cn cng
nh ton th ph hp vi tnh cht ca khu vc quy hoch c xc nh trong cu
trc chin lc chung ca ton th.

2.4 Quy hoch cc n v

2.4.1 Yu cu i vi quy hoch cc n v :
Quy hoch cc n v phi m bo cung cp nh v cc dch v thit yu hng
ngy (gio dc mm non, gio dc ph thng c s, vn ho thng tin, ch, dch v
thng mi, th dc th thao, khng gian do chi, th gin...) ca ngi dn trong bn
knh i b khng ln hn 500m nhm khuyn khch s dng giao thng cng cng v i
b.
Quy hoch xy dng mi cc n v cn m bo ng giao thng t cp ng
chnh th tr ln khng chia ct n v .
Ch tiu t n v trung bnh ca ton th phi c la chn trn c s d bo
v nhu cu i vi cc loi hnh khc nhau trong th, m bo p ng cho cc i
tng khc nhau trong th v trn c s gii php t chc khng gian theo cc cu trc
chin lc pht trin th.

2.4.2 Cc quy nh v quy hoch s dng t n v

Cc n quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500 phi xc nh c v tr, quy m cc khu
chc nng. Cc cng trnh cng cng dch v th phi p ng c cc quy nh
trong bng 2.1, ph hp vi quy m dn s trong khu vc thit k, ng thi xem xt n
nhu cu ca cc khu vc ln cn.

18
 Quy m dn s phi c d bo ph hp vi cc m hnh nh v ch tiu nh ,
t c la chn. Hoc ngc li, vi qu t nht nh v mc tiu b tr dn c,
cn la chn gii php quy hoch v m hnh, ch tiu nh ph hp.
Trong cc nhm nh phi b tr vn hoa, sn chi vi bn knh phc v (tnh theo
ng tip cn thc t gn nht) khng ln hn 300m.
i vi nhm nh chung c, din tch t l din tch chim t ca cc khi nh
chung c vi mt xy dng ti a nh quy nh trong bng 2.7a (mt xy dng
thun ti a cho php ca nhm nh chung c theo din tch l t v chiu cao cng
trnh).
i vi nhm nh lin k hoc nh ring l, din tch t l din tch l t xy
dng nh ca cc h gia nh.
Trong n v c cc loi hnh nh a dng, ch tiu t phi c tnh ton cho
tng loi hnh nh ring bit, ch tiu cc loi t cn li c tnh l ch tiu trung
bnh.
Cc quy nh v s dng t n v nh sau:
- Din tch t n v ti thiu l 8m2/ngi. Ch tiu t n v trung bnh ca
tan th phi khng ln hn 50m2/ngi. Trng hp c bit ( th du lch, th
min ni, th c iu kin kh hu c bit, iu kin t nhin c bit...) phi c lun
c la chn ch tiu thch hp;
- t cy xanh s dng cng cng trong n v ti thiu phi t 2m2/ngi, trong
t cy xanh trong nhm nh ti thiu phi t 1m2/ngi;
- t cng trnh gio dc mm non v ph thng c s ti thiu phi t 2,7
2
m /ngi.
t cc khu vc s dng hn hp (c th gm t v t sn xut/kinh doanh),
c quy i ra loi t tng ng theo t l din tch sn s dng cho mi loi chc
nng.
i vi cc khu phc v i tng c thu nhp thp, cc i tng nh x hi,
ch tiu quy hoch s dng cc loi t trong n v phi t ti thiu 70% so vi cc
quy nh nu trn, ng thi, mt ct ngang ng giao thng nh nht (ng trong
nhm nh ) phi m bo 4m.
i vi cc khu vc phc v cho cc loi h c bit (c thn, k tc x...) cn iu
chnh cc ch tiu s dng t cho ph hp.

2.5 Quy hoch h thng cc cng trnh dch v th

2.5.1 Yu cu i vi c cu t chc h thng cc cng trnh dch v th
1) Cc cng trnh dch v th phc v trong n v (trng hc, ch) cn m
bo bn knh phc v khng qu 500m. Ring i vi khu vc c a hnh phc tp, bn
knh phc v ca cc lai cng trnh ny khng qu 1,0km.
2) Cc cng trnh dch v khc trong th cn c quy hoch ph hp vi cu trc
th, khai thc c v tr v mi lin kt vi cc khu chc nng khc trong th.

19
2.5.2 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch h thng cng trnh dch v th:
- Quy hoch chung xy dng th cng nh quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000 cn
xc nh cu trc quy hoch cc dch v th thit yu, gn vi cc cu trc pht trin
khng gian th. Trong , xc nh c ch tiu quy hoch h thng cng trnh dch
v ph hp vi cc quy nh bng 2.1, c xt n nhu cu ca cc khu vc ln cn, cc
i tng l khch vng lai v nhu cu pht trin theo cc giai on.
Bng 2.1: Quy nh ti thiu i vi cc cng trnh dch v th c bn
Ch tiu s dng cng Ch tiu s dng t
Cp trnh ti thiu ai ti thiu
Loi cng trnh
qun l Ch Ch
n v tnh n v tnh
tiu tiu
1. Gio dc
a. Trng mu gio n v ch/1000ngi 50 m2/1 ch 15
b. Trng tiu hc n v ch/1000ngi 65 m2/1 ch 15
c. Trng trung hc c s n v ch/1000ngi 55 m2/1 ch 15
d. Trng ph thng
th ch/1000ngi 40 m2/1 ch 15
trung hc, dy ngh
2. Y t
a. Trm y t n v trm/1000ngi 1 m2/trm 500
b. Phng khm a khoa th Cng trnh/ th 1 m2/trm 3.000
c. Bnh vin a khoa th ging/1000ngi 4 m2/gingbnh 100
d. Nh h sinh th ging/1000ngi 0,5 m2/ging 30
3. Th dc th thao
a. Sn luyn tp n v m2/ngi 0,5
ha/cng trnh 0,3
b. Sn th thao c bn th m2/ngi 0,6
ha/cng trnh 1,0
c. Sn vn ng th m2/ngi 0,8
ha/cng trnh 2,5
d. Trung tm TDTT th m2/ngi 0,8
ha/cng trnh 3,0
4. Vn ho
a. Th vin th ha/cng trnh 0,5
b. Bo tng th ha/cng trnh 1,0
c. Trin lm th ha/cng trnh 1,0
d. Nh ht th s ch/ 1000ngi 5 ha/cng trnh 1,0
e. Cung vn ho th s ch/ 1000ngi 8 ha/cng trnh 0,5
g. Rp xic th s ch/ 1000ngi 3 ha/cng trnh 0,7
h. Cung thiu nhi th s ch/ 1000ngi 2 ha/cng trnh 1,0
5. Ch n v cng trnh/n v 1 ha/cng trnh 0,2
th 0,8

20
- Trong quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500, cc cng trnh dch v th cn m bo kt
hp hi ho gia vic b tr theo cc i tng phc v v theo cc chuyn ngnh; thun
tin phc v, tit kim t ai v kinh ph u t xy dng; m bo m quan th. Cc
cng trnh dch v phi c b tr v tr ph hp vi tng loi chc nng:
+ Cc cng trnh nh tr, trng hc, bnh vin... khng b tr tip gip cc trc
ng cp th tr ln, m bo c din tch sn, vn, cy xanh v ch xe;
+ Cc cng trnh vn ho, thng mi dch v cn c b tr trn cc ng giao
thng chnh theo cc cp dch v;
+ Cc tuyn ng dn n cc cng trnh dch v cho ngi gi, tr em, ngi tn
tt khng c ct qua cc tuyn giao thng chnh th nu khng c ng chui,
vt;
+ Khi quy hoch cc cng trnh dch v th ngm, cn m bo kt ni hp l v
thun tin gia cc cng trnh trn mt t v cc cng trnh di mt t;
+ i vi khu vc c quy m dn s t 20.000 ngi tr ln, cn b tr t nht 1
trng ph thng trung hc;

2.6 Quy hoch cy xanh th

2.6.1 H thng cy xanh th:
Cy xanh th c 3 nhm chnh:
1) Cy xanh s dng cng cng (qung trng, cng vin, vn hoa, vn do...,
bao gm c din tch mt nc nm trong cc khun vin cc cng trnh ny v din tch
cy xanh cnh quan ven sng c quy hoch xy dng thun li cho ngi dn th
tip cn v s dng cho cc mc ch luyn tp TDTT, ngh ngi, gii tr, th gin...).
i vi cc din tch mt nc khng thng xuyn c nc, cn phi c cc gii php
quy hach m bo cnh quan mi trng khi khng c nc.
2) Cy xanh ng ph (cy xanh, thm c trng trong phm vi ch gii ng ).
Tt c cc tuyn ng cp phn khu vc tr ln u phi trng cy xanh ng ph.
3) Cy xanh chuyn dng (cch ly, phng h, vn m, nghin cu thc vt hc,
vn m...).
2.6.2 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch h thng cy xanh trong th
- Cc khng gian xanh trong th phi c gn kt vi nhau bng cc ng ph
c trng cy v cc di cy hnh thnh mt h thng xanh lin tc. Phi tn dng t
ven h, knh rch v mi khong trng c th c cho cy xanh.
- Vic trng cy phi khng c lm nh hng ti an ton giao thng, khng lm
h hi mng nh v cc cng trnh ngm, khng gy nguy him (khng trng cy d gy,
) khng lm nh hng ti v sinh mi trng (khng trng cc cy c tit ra cht c
hi hoc hp dn cn trng...).
2.6.3 Quy nh v din tch t cy xanh s dng cng cng trong th
- t cy xanh s dng cng cng cp ngoi n v trong cc th bao gm:
cng vin, vn hoa phc v mt hay nhiu n v , tan th hoc cp vng (bao
gm c cc cng vin chuyn ); din tch mt nc nm trong khun vin cc cng
vin, vn hoa, trong ch tiu mt nc khi quy i ra ch tiu t cy xanh/ngi

21
khng chim qu 50% so vi tng ch tiu din tch t cy xanh s dng cng cng
ngoi n v ; khng bao gm cc loi cy xanh chuyn dng.
- i vi th min ni, hi o ch tiu din tch t cy xanh cng cng c th
thp hn nhng khng c thp hn 70% mc quy nh trong bng 2.2.
Bng 2.2: Din tch t cy xanh s dng cng cng ngoi n v trong cc th
Loi th Tiu chun (m2/ngi)
c bit 7
I v II 6
III v IV 5
V 4

- t cy xanh s dng cng cng trong n v bao gm sn chi, vn hoa, sn

bi TDTT phc v hng ngy. Trong bao gm cc cng trnh phc v chung ton n
v v cc cng trnh phc v trong cc nhm nh . Mi n v xy dng mi phi c
ti thiu mt cng trnh vn hoa (c th kt hp vi sn th thao ngoi tri v im sinh
hot cng ng) phc v chung cho ton n v vi quy m ti thiu l 5.000m2.

2.7 Quy hoch khu cng nghip v kho tng

2.7.1 Khu cng nghip
1) Quy hoch xy dng, ci to, m rng cc khu, cm cng nghip phi m bo
cc yu cu sau:
- Bo v mi trng:
+ Phi m bo tun th cc quy nh php lut v bo v mi trng.
+ V tr cc x nghip cng nghip phi m bo hn ch n mc thp nht nhng
nh hng xu ti mi trng th, tun th cc quy nh ti mc 2 v mc 3 trong
mc 2.7.1 ny.
- T chc sn xut thun li v hp l.
- B tr cc cng trnh ph hp vi iu kin a hnh, a cht, cnh quan, hi ho
vi cc qun th kin trc khc trong th v m bo cc yu cu v phng chng chy
n.
- B tr hp l mng li k thut h tng v cy xanh
- S dng hp l t ai.
2) V tr cc x nghip cng nghip
V tr cc x nghip phi m bo khng gy nh hng xu ti mi trng sng ca
khu dn c:
- Nhng x nghip c thi cht c hi, c nguy c gy nhim mi trng phi
cui hng gi chnh, cui cc dng sng, sui so vi khu dn c.
- Tu theo tc ng c hi ti mi trng v khi lng vn ti ra vo nh my m
b tr nh sau:

22
 + B tr ngoi phm vi th: cc x nghip dng cc cht phng x mnh hoc d
gy chy n; cc bi ph liu cng nghip c quy m ln hoc cha cc ph liu
nguy him.
+ B tr xa khu dn dng: cc x nghip c hi cp I v cp II (theo phn loi cp
c hi - xem ph lc 6).
+ c php b tr ngay trong khu dn c: cc x nghip c cht thi v mc gy
n, gy rung chn m bo tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c, v phi c
kim sot nghim ngt v cc tiu ch mi trng.
3) Di cch ly v sinh:
- Ty theo mc c hi v mi trng, gia cc cng trnh cng nghip v khu
dn c phi c di cch ly v sinh.
- Chiu rng di cch ly phi m bo khong cch ti thiu theo tiu chun mi
trng Vit nam.
- Trong di cch ly v sinh, ti thiu 50% din tch t phi c trng cy xanh v
khng qu 40% din tch t c th c s dng b tr bi xe, trm bm, trm x
l nc thi, trm trung chuyn cht thi rn.
4) Bi ph liu, ph phm:
- Bi ph liu, ph phm cng nghip phi c ro chn v khng lm nh hng
xu ti iu kin v sinh ca cc x nghip xung quanh v khng lm nhim bn mi
trng.
- Bi cha cc ph liu nguy him (d gy chy n, dch bnh...) phi c bin php
x l cc cht c hi v m bo khong cch ly.
2.7.2 Khu kho tng
1) Quy hoch cc khu kho tng th phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- T chc hp l mng li kho tng vi 3 loi kho:
+ Kho bn l, phc v cc yu cu sinh hot hng ngy, c b tr trong khu th;
+ Kho phn phi v bn bun: phi b tr ven ni, ngoi khu th;
+ Kho d tr quc gia, kho trung chuyn, kho cha cc cht c hi, d chy, n
phi b tr thnh khu ring ngoi thnh.
- V tr cc khu kho phi:
+ Phi cao ro, khng b ngp lt v gn ni phn phi, tiu th
+ Thun tin v giao thng, vn chuyn
+ m bo khong cch ly v sinh i vi khu dn dng.
2) Trong khu vc kho tng, phi b tr cc kho thnh tng nhm theo phn loi hng
ho trong kho v c ng giao thng thun tin, c bi xe, trang thit b phc
v kho.
2.7.3 Quy nh v s dng t cng nghip tiu th cng nghip, kho tng
- t xy dng khu cng nghip tiu th cng nghip (TTCN) phi c quy
hoch ph hp vi tim nng pht trin cng nghip, quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh
t - x hi v cc chin lc pht trin c lin quan ca tng th.

23
- t kho tng phc v th: cc khu kho tng khng c hi phc v th c
th b tr trong cc khu dn dng. Cc khu kho tng c nguy c pht thi c hi phi
c b tr trong cc khu, cm cng nghip hoc b tr c lp v phi m bo cc iu
kin cch ly v x l cht thi m bo yu cu v qun l mi trng.
- Quy hoch s dng t trong khu cng nghip TTCN cn m bo cc yu cu
v chc nng hot ng ca khu cng nghip. T l cc loi t trong khu cng nghip
ph thuc vo v tr ca khu cng nghip, m-un din tch ca cc l t xy dng nh
my, kho tng, nhng cn ph hp vi cc quy nh bng 2.3.
Bng 2.3: T l cc loi t trong khu cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip
Loi t T l (% din tch ton khu)
Nh my, kho tng 55
Cc khu k thut 1
Cng trnh hnh chnh, dch v 1
Giao thng 8
Cy xanh 10
- Mt xy dng:
+ Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a i vi t xy dng nh my, kho tng
c quy nh theo bng 2.4.
Bng 2.4: Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a i vi t xy dng nh my, kho tng
Chiu cao xy dng cng Mt xy dng ti a (%) theo din tch l t
trnh trn mt t (m) 5.000m2 10.000m2 20.000m2
10 70 70 60
13 70 65 55
16 70 60 52
19 70 56 48
22 70 52 45
25 70 49 43
28 70 47 41
31 70 45 39
34 70 43 37
37 70 41 36
40 70 40 35
>40 70 40 35

+ Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a trong ton khu cng nghip tiu th cng

nghip l 50%.
2.7.4 Quy hoch phng chy, cha chy th
1) Mng li cc trm phng, cha chy: trn lnh th th phi b tr mng li
cc trm phng, cha chy gm cc trm trung tm v cc trm khu vc vi bn knh
phc v ti a nh sau :
- Trm phng, cha chy trung tm : 5km;
- Trm phng, cha chy khu vc: 3km.

24
2) V tr t trm phng cha chy phi m bo xe v phng tin cha chy ra vo
trm an ton, nhanh chng v phi m bo cc iu kin sau:
- C a hnh bng phng v c din tch xy dng cng trnh, sn bi theo
quy nh.
- Lin h thun tin vi cc ng giao thng
- Khng c tip gip vi cc cng trnh c ng ngi, xe c ra vo.
3) ng giao thng phc v cha chy:
a) B tr ng cha chy:
- Khu dn dng: khong cch gia cc ng giao thng, c b rng phn xe chy
t 4m tr ln, xuyn qua hoc xen gia cc ngi nh khng c di qu 180m.
- Cng trnh cng nghip: phi b tr ng cho xe cha chy bn ngoi chy dc
theo mt pha nh, khi chiu rng nh nh hn 18m v chy dc theo 2 pha nh, khi nh
rng t 18m tr ln.
b) Phi m bo ng cho xe cha chy ti ni ly nc cha chy (tr nc cha
chy, b d tr nc cha chy, h, ao, sng).
c) Ti v tr ly nc sng, h phi c bi quay xe vi cc quy nh di y:
- Kch thc ng cha chy: ng cho xe cha chy phi c kch thc thng
thy ti thiu l 3,5m chiu rng v 4,25m chiu cao.
- Bi quay xe: ng ct mt ln xe khng c di qu 150m, cui ng ct phi
c bi quay xe vi kch thc ti thiu trn mt bng l:
+ Hnh tam gic u, mi cnh 7m;
+ Hnh vung, kch thc 12x12m;
+ Hnh trn, ng knh 10m.

2.8 Thit k th
2.8.1 Yu cu v thit k th trong quy hoch chung xy dng th
Thit k th trong quy hoch chung xy dng th cn p ng cc yu cu sau:
- Xc nh c cc vng kin trc, cnh quan c trng trong th; xc nh
c nguyn tc t chc khng gian cho cc khu trung tm, ca ng th, cc tuyn ph
chnh, cc trc khng gian chnh, qung trng ln, khng gian cy xanh, mt nc v
cc im nhn khng gian trong th;
- Quy nh c chiu cao ti a, chiu cao ti thiu, hoc khng khng ch chiu
cao ca cng trnh xy dng thuc cc khu chc nng trong th;
- Xy dng c cc yu cu v qun l kin trc th theo ni dung ca n
quy hoch chung xy dng qun l kin trc cnh quan chung ca ton th theo cc
ni dung trn.
2.8.2 Yu cu v thit k th trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th
1) Thit k th trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/2.000 cn p ng
cc yu cu sau:

25
- Xc nh c cc cng trnh im nhn trong khng gian khu vc quy hoch theo
cc hng, tm nhn chnh;
- Quy nh c cc ngng khng ch ti a, ti thiu (hoc khng quy nh) v
nguyn tc v mi tng quan v chiu cao cc cng trnh ln cn cho tng khu chc
nng v cho ton khu vc;
- Xc nh c quy nh v khong li ca cng trnh trn cc ng ph chnh v
cc ng ph chnh;
- Quy nh cc nguyn tc v hnh khi, mu sc, nh sng, hnh thc kin trc ch
o ca cc cng trnh kin trc, h thng cy xanh, mt nc, qung trng;
- Xc nh c cc nguyn tc kt ni khng gian ca khu vc thit k vi cc
khng gian ln cn ngoi khu vc thit k;
- Xy dng c quy nh qun l kin trc th theo ni dung ca n quy
hoch chi tit xy dng t l 1/2.000 qun l kin trc cnh quan chung ca khu vc
thit k theo cc ni dung trn;
- Quy nh cc ch tiu khng ch v s dng t nh mt xy dng, tng cao
xy dng (ty theo yu cu kim sot khng gian v t chc quy hoch, quy nh
chnh xc tng cao xy dng, tng cao trung bnh, hoc ch quy nh tng cao ti a v ti
thiu km theo quy nh v mi tng quan gia chiu cao cc cng trnh trong khu vc
quy hoch hoc khng quy nh khng ch v chiu cao xy dng).
2) Thit k th trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th t l 1/500 cn p ng
cc yu cu sau:
- Xc nh c cc cng trnh im nhn trong khng gian khu vc quy hoch theo
cc hng, tm nhn chnh;
- Quy nh c chiu cao xy dng cng trnh v chiu cao tng mt ca cng
trnh cho tng l t;
- Xc nh c khong li ca cng trnh trn tng ng ph v cc ng ph;
- Quy nh c th v: hnh khi, hnh thc kin trc ca cc cng trnh; quy nh
mu sc v cc yu cu i vi vt liu xy dng cng trnh;
- Quy nh c th v b tr cng trnh tin ch th, tng i, tranh honh trng,
bin qung co, cc bng ch dn, bng k hiu, cy xanh, sn vn, mt nc, qung
trng, hng ro, li i cho ngi tn tt, va h v quy nh kin trc bao che cc cng
trnh h tng k thut th;
- Quy nh cao va h, cao nn xy dng cng trnh;
- Xy dng c yu cu v qun l kin trc th theo ni dung ca n quy
hoch chi tit xy dng 1/500 c y ni dung qun l kin trc cnh quan ca
tng cng trnh, tng ph, tng tuyn ph v tng khu vc.
2.8.3 Quy nh v b cc cng trnh ph hp vi iu kin kh hu ca khu vc quy
hoch
B cc quy hoch cng trnh cn c nghin cu trn c s phn tch v cc iu
kin vi kh hu ca khu t thit k, phi la chn c gii php ti u v b cc cng
trnh hn ch tc ng xu ca hng nng, hng gi i vi iu kin vi kh hu
trong cng trnh, hn ch ti a nhu cu s dng nng lng cho mc ch h nhit hoc
si m trong cng trnh.

26
2.8.4 Khong cch ti thiu gia cc dy nh
Khong cch ti thiu gia cc cng trnh xy dng ring l hoc dy nh lin k (gi
chung l cc dy nh) trong khu vc quy hoch xy dng mi c quy nh nh sau:
- Khong cch gia cc cnh di ca hai dy nh c chiu cao <46m phi m bo
1/2 chiu cao cng trnh (1/2h) v khng c <7m. i vi cc cng trnh c chiu
cao 46m, khong cch gia cc cnh di ca 2 dy nh phi m bo 25m;
- Khong cch gia hai u hi ca hai dy nh c chiu cao <46m phi m bo
1/3 chiu cao cng trnh (1/3h) v khng c <4m. i vi cc cng trnh c chiu
cao 46m, khong cch gia hai u hi ca hai dy nh phi m bo 15m;
- i vi dy nh bao gm phn cng trnh v thp cao pha trn th cc quy
nh v khong cch ti thiu n dy nh i din c p dng ring i vi phn
cng trnh v i vi phn thp cao pha trn theo tng cao xy dng tng ng ca mi
phn tnh t mt t (ct va h);
- Nu dy nh c di ca cnh di v di ca u hi bng nhau, mt tin tip
gip vi ng giao thng ln nht trong s cc ng tip gip vi l t c hiu
l cnh di ca ngi nh.
2.8.5 Khong li ca cng trnh
- Khong li ca cc cng trnh so vi l gii ng quy hoch c quy nh ty
thuc vo t chc quy hoch khng gian kin trc, chiu cao cng trnh v chiu rng ca
l gii, nhng khong li ti thiu phi tha mn quy nh trong bng 2.5.
Bng 2.5: Quy nh khong li ti thiu (m) ca cc cng trnh theo b rng l gii
ng v chiu cao xy dng cng trnh

Chiu cao xy dng

cng trnh (m)
L gii
16 19 22 25 28
ng tip
gip vi l t xy dng
cng trnh (m)
< 19 0 0 3 4 6
19 < 22 0 0 0 3 6
22 < 25 0 0 0 0 6
25 0 0 0 0 6

- i vi t hp cng trnh bao gm phn cng trnh v thp cao pha trn th
cc quy nh v khong li cng trnh c p dng ring i vi phn cng trnh v
i vi phn thp cao pha trn theo tng cao xy dng tng ng ca mi phn tnh t
mt t (ct va h).

27
2.8.6 Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a cho php
1) Cng trnh nh :
Mt xy dng thun ti a ca l t xy dng nh lin k, ring l v nhm
nh chung c c quy nh trong bng 2.6 v 2.7.a.
Bng 2.6: Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a ca l t xy dng nh lin k v nh
ring l (nh vn, bit th)
Din tch l t (m2/cn nh) 50 75 100 200 300 500 1.000
Mt xy dng ti a (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40

Bng 2.7a: Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a ca nhm nh chung c theo din tch
l t v chiu cao cng trnh
Chiu cao xy dng cng Mt xy dng ti a (%) theo din tch l t
trnh trn mt t (m) 3.000m2 10.000m2 18.000m2 35.000m2
16 75 65 63 60
19 75 60 58 55
22 75 57 55 52
25 75 53 51 48
28 75 50 48 45
31 75 48 46 43
34 75 46 44 41
37 75 44 42 39
40 75 43 41 38
43 75 42 40 37
46 75 41 39 36
>46 75 40 38 35

2) Cc cng trnh gio dc, y t, vn ha, ch:

Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a ca cc cng trnh cng cng nh gio dc, y
t, vn ha, TDTT, ch trong cc khu vc xy dng mi l 40%.
3) Cc cng trnh dch v th khc v cc cng trnh c chc nng hn hp:
Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a ca cc cng trnh dch v th khc v cc
cng trnh c chc nng hn hp xy dng trn l t c din tch 3.000m2 cn c
xem xt ty theo v tr trong th v cc gii php quy hoch c th i vi l t v
c cp c thm quyn ph duyt, tuy nhin vn phi m bo cc yu cu v khong
cch ti thiu gia cc dy nh (mc 2.8.4) v v khong li cng trnh (mc 2.8.5) v
m bo din tch ch xe theo quy nh, ng thi mt xy dng ti a phi ph
hp vi quy nh trong bng 2.7b.
i vi cc cng trnh dch v th khc v cc cng trnh c chc nng hn hp
xy dng trn l t c din tch <3.000m2, sau khi tr i phn t m bo khong li
theo quy nh ti mc 2.8.5, trn phn t cn li c php xy dng vi mt 100%,

28
nhng vn phi m bo cc yu cu v khong cch ti thiu gia cc dy nh (mc
2.8.4) v m bo din tch ch xe theo quy nh.

Bng 2.7b: Mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a ca nhm nh dch v th v nh s

dng hn hp theo din tch l t v chiu cao cng trnh.
Chiu cao xy dng cng Mt xy dng ti a (%) theo din tch l t
trnh trn mt t (m) 3.000m2 10.000m2 18.000m2 35.000m2
16 80 70 68 65
19 80 65 63 60
22 80 62 60 57
25 80 58 56 53
28 80 55 53 50
31 80 53 51 48
34 80 51 49 46
37 80 49 47 44
40 80 48 46 43
43 80 47 45 42
46 80 46 44 41
>46 80 45 43 40

4) Vi cc l t c din tch nm gia cc gi tr nu trong bng 2.6, 2.7a hoc 2.7b,

mt xy dng thun ti a c xc nh theo cng thc ni suy nh sau:
Mi = Ma- (Si-Sa) x (Ma-Mb) : (Sb-Sa)
Trong :
Si: din tch ca l t i (m2);
Sa: din tch ca l t a (m2), bng din tch gii hn di so vi i trong cc bng
2.6, 2.7a hoc 2.7b;
Sb: din tch ca l t b (m2), bng din tch gii hn trn so vi i trong cc bng
2.6, 2.7a hoc 2.7b;
Mi: mt xy dng thun ti a cho php ca l t c din tch i (m2);
Ma: mt xy dng thun ti a cho php ca l t c din tch a (m2);
Mb: mt xy dng thun ti a cho php ca l t c din tch b (m2).
Trong trng hp nhm cng trnh l t hp cng trnh vi nhiu loi chiu cao
khc nhau, quy nh v mt xy dng ti a c p dng theo chiu cao trung bnh.
5) i vi t hp cng trnh bao gm phn cng trnh v thp cao pha trn, cc
quy nh v khong li cng trnh, khong cch ti thiu n dy nh i din cng nh
mt xy dng c p dng ring i vi phn cng trnh v i vi phn thp cao
pha trn theo tng cao xy dng tng ng tnh t mt t (ct va h).
V d: trn l t rng 10.000m2 , cng trnh l t hp gm phn cao 16m v thp cao pha trn cao
46m. i vi nh chung c, mt xy dng ti a cho php i vi phn l 65%, i vi thp
cao pha trn l 41% (tnh theo hnh chiu bng ca cng trnh trn mt t). i vi cng trnh dch

29
 v th khc v cng trnh s dng hn hp, mt xy dng ti a cho php tng ng vi cc
phn trn l 70% v 46%.
2.8.7 Mt xy dng gp (brut-t)
- Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a cho php ca n v l 60%.
- Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a ca cc khu du lch ngh dng tng hp
(resort) l 25%.
- Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a ca cc khu cng vin cng cng l 5%.
- Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a ca cc khu cng vin chuyn l 25%.
- Mt xy dng gp (brut-t) ti a ca cc khu cy xanh chuyn dng (bao
gm c sn gn), vng bo v mi trng t nhin c quy nh ty theo chc nng v
cc quy nh php l c lin quan, nhng khng qu 5%.
2.8.8 T l t trng cy xanh trong cc l t xy dng cng trnh
Trong cc l t xy dng cng trnh, phi m bo quy nh v t l ti thiu t
trng cy xanh nu trong bng 2.8.
Bng 2.8: T l t ti thiu trng cy xanh trong cc l t xy dng cng trnh
Trong l t xy dng cng trnh T l t ti thiu trng cy xanh (%)
1- Nh :
- n lp (nh vn, bit th) 20
- Nhm nh chung c 20
2- Nh cng cng:
- Nh tr, trng hc 30
- Bnh vin 30
- Nh vn ha 30
3- Nh my: 20
- Xy dng phn tn 20
- Trong khu, cm cng nghip tp trung 20

2.8.9 Kch thc l t quy hoch xy dng nh

- Kch thc l t quy hoch xy dng nh c xc nh c th theo nhu cu v
i tng s dng, ph hp vi cc gii php t chc khng gian v c qun l theo
quy nh v qun l xy dng ca khu vc lp quy hoch.
- L t xy dng nh trong cc khu quy hoch xy dng mi, khi tip gip vi
ng ph c l gii 20m, phi ng thi m bo cc yu cu v kch thc ti thiu
nh sau:
+ Din tch ca l t xy dng nh gia nh 45m2;
+ B rng ca l t xy dng nh 5m;
+ Chiu su ca l t xy dng nh 5m.
- L t xy dng nh trong cc khu quy hoch xy dng mi, khi tip gip vi
ng ph c l gii <20m, phi ng thi m bo cc yu cu v kch thc ti thiu
nh sau:

30
 + Din tch ca l t xy dng nh gia nh 36m2.
+ B rng ca l t xy dng nh 4m.
+ Chiu su ca l t xy dng nh 4m.
- Chiu di ti a ca mt dy nh lin k hoc ring l c c hai mt tip gip vi
cc tuyn ng cp ng chnh khu vc tr xung l 60m. Gia cc dy nh phi b
tr ng giao thng ph hp vi cc quy nh v quy hoch mng li ng giao thng
(bng 4.4), hoc phi b tr ng i b vi b rng ti thiu l 4m.
2.8.10 Phn nh c php nh qu ch gii ng trong trng hp ch gii xy
dng trng vi ch gii ng
Cc quy nh ny cn c vn dng ph hp vi gii php t chc khng gian c
th ca tng khu vc v th hin trong quy nh v qun l xy dng theo n quy
hoch ca tng khu vc c th v phi tun th cc quy nh sau y:
1) Cc b phn c nh ca nh:
- Trong khong khng t mt va h ln ti cao 3,5m, mi b phn ca nh u
khng c nh qu ch gii ng , tr cc trng hp di y:
+ ng ng ng thot nc ma mt ngoi nh: c php vt qua ng
khng qu 0,2m v phi m bo m quan;
+ T cao 1m (tnh t mt va h) tr ln, cc bu ca, g ch, b phn trang tr
c php vt ng khng qu 0,2m.
- Trong khong khng t cao 3,5m (so vi mt va h) tr ln, cc b phn c
nh ca nh (-vng, s-n, ban cng, mi ua..., nhng khng p dng i vi mi n,
mi h) c vt qu ch gii ng theo nhng iu kin sau:
+ vn ra (o t ch gii ng ti mp ngoi cng ca phn nh ra), ty
thuc chiu rng l gii, khng c ln hn gii hn c quy nh bng 2.9,
ng thi phi nh hn chiu rng va h t nht 1,0m, phi m bo cc quy nh v
an ton li in v tun th quy nh v qun l xy dng p dng c th cho khu
vc;
+ V tr cao v vn ra c th ca ban cng phi thng nht hoc to c
nhp iu trong hnh thc cng trnh kin trc, to c khng gian kin trc cnh
quan trong tng cm nh cng nh trong tng th ton khu vc;
+ Trn phn nh ra ch c lm ban cng, khng c che chn to thnh l-gia
hay bung.
Bng 2.9: vn ra ti a ca ban cng, mi ua, -vng
Chiu rng l gii (m) vn ra ti a Amax (m)
Di 7m 0
712 0,9
>1215 1,2
>15 1,4

- Phn ngm di mt t: mi b phn ngm di mt t ca ngi nh u khng

c vt qu ch gii ng .

31
- Mi n, mi h ph: khuyn khch vic xy dng mi h phc v cng cng
to iu kin thun li cho ngi i b. Mi n, mi h ph phi:
+ c thit k cho c dy ph hoc cm nh, m bo to cnh quan;
+ m bo tun th cc quy nh v phng chy cha chy;
+ cao cch mt va h 3,5m tr ln v m bo m quan th;
+ Khng vt qu ch gii ng ;
+ Bn trn mi n, mi h ph khng c s dng vo bt c vic g khc (nh
lm ban cng, sn thng, sn by chu cnh...).
Ghi ch:
1- Mi n: l mi che ca cng, gn vo tng ngoi nh v ua ra ti cng vo nh v hoc che
mt phn ng i t h, ng vo nh
2- Mi h ph: l mi che gn vo tng ngoi nh v che ph mt on va h.
2) Phn nh ra khng c nh:
- Cnh ca: cao t mt h ln 2,5m cc cnh ca (tr ca thot nn nh cng
cng) khi m ra khng c vt qu ch gii ng .
- Cc quy nh v cc b phn nh c php nh ra c nu trong bng 2.10.

Bng 2.10: Cc b phn nh c php nh ra

cao so vi vn ti a Cch mp va
B phn c nh ra
mt h (m) (m) h ti thiu (m)
2,5 G ch, trang tr 0,2
2,5 Kt cu di ng: 1,0m
Mi d, cnh ca
3,5 Kt cu c nh (phi nghin cu quy
nh trong tng th kin trc khu vc):
- Ban cng mi ua 1,0
- Mi n, mi h ph 0,6

2.8.11 Phn nh c xy dng vt qu ch gii xy dng trong trng hp ch gii

xy dng li vo sau ch gii ng
- Khng c b phn no ca nh vt qu ch gii ng .
- Cc b phn ca cng trnh sau y c php vt qu ch gii xy dng trong
cc trng hp sau:
+ Bc thm, vt dt xe, bu ca, g ch, cch ca, -vng, mi ua, mi n, mng
nh;
+ Ring ban cng c nh qu ch gii xy dng khng qu 1,4m v khng c
che chn to thnh bung hay l-gia.
2.8.12 Quan h vi cc cng trnh bn cnh:
Cng trnh khng c vi phm ranh gii:
- Khng b phn no ca ngi nh k c thit b, ng ng, phn ngm di t
(mng, ng ng), c vt qu ranh gii vi l t bn cnh;

32
- Khng c x nc ma, nc thi cc loi (k c nc ngng t ca my lnh),
kh bi, kh thi sang nh bn cnh.
2.8.13 Cc yu cu k thut khc i vi cng trnh xy dng:
- Ming x ng khi, ng thng hi khng c hng ra ng ph.
- My iu ha nhit khng kh nu t mt tin, st ch gii ng phi
cao trn 2,7m v khng c x nc ngng trc tip ln mt h, ng ph.
- Bin qung co t mt tin ngi nh, khng c s dng cc vt liu c
phn quang ln hn 70%.
- mt tin cc ngi nh dc cc ng ph khng c b tr sn phi qun o.
- Hng ro phi c hnh thc kin trc thong, m quan v thng nht theo quy nh
ca tng khu vc, tr nhng trng hp c nhu cu bo v, ngn cch vi ng ph (c
quan cn bo v, trng hc, trm bin th in...).
2.8.14 Cng ra vo, sn, ch xe ca nh cng cng, dch v:
Nh cng cng, dch v c ng ngi ra vo, t hp (trng hc, bnh vin, rp ht,
sn vn ng...) phi:
- m bo giao thng ng ph ti khu vc cng ra vo cng trnh c an ton
v thng sut, khng b tc nghn: c din tch tp kt ngi v xe trc cng (cn gi l
vnh u xe); cng v phn hng ro gip hai bn cng li su khi ranh gii l t, to
thnh ch tp kt c chiu su ti thiu 4m, chiu ngang ti thiu bng 4 ln chiu rng
ca cng.
- C din tch sn, bi cho s ngi ra vo cng trnh (k c khch vng lai) c
th ra vo, t tp, xe mt cch thun li v an ton nh:
+ Sn tp hp hc sinh ton trng: i vi trng hc, nh tr;
+ Sn ch cho khch, sn cho ph huynh cc hc sinh nh ti n con;
+ Sn ch i, thot ngi: i vi nh biu din, phng khm bnh, c quan hnh
chnh;
+ Nh xe cho nhn vin, gio vin, hc sinh, khch.
2.8.15 Ki-t, bin thng bo, qung co, cy xanh
Ki-t, bin qung co, thng tin, cy trng trn h ph phi m bo:
- Khng c lm hn ch tm nhn hoc che khut bin bo hiu v tn hiu iu
khin giao thng;
- m bo m quan th.
2.8.16 Trm xng trong th
Trm xng trong th phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Khng c lm nh hng ti an ton giao thng:
+ Phi cch l gii (ch gii ng ) t nht 7m (tnh t mp ngoi hnh chiu
bng ca cng trnh trm xng);
+ i vi cc trm xng nm gn cc giao l (tnh n giao l vi ng khu vc
tr ln), khong cch t li vo trm xng ti ch gii ng gn nht ca tuyn

33
 ng giao ct vi tuyn ng i qua mt tin ca cng trnh trm xng cn m
bo t nht l 50m;
+ Cch ngai phm vi bo v dc cu v ng dn ln cu ti thiu 50m;
+ Cch im c tm nhn b cn tr t nht 50m (v d: cch im tip tuyn ca
ng cong ca ng giao thng c bn knh cong <50m t nht 50m dc theo
ng).
- Bo m an ton v phng chng chy, bo v cnh quan:
+ Phi cch ni t hp ng ngi (nh trng hc, ch) t nht 100m;
+ Cch cc trm xng khc t nht 300m;
+ Cch cc danh lam thng cnh t nht 100m.

2.9 Quy hoch khng gian ngm

2.9.1 Yu cu chung i vi quy hoch xy dng khng gian ngm
Quy hoch xy dng cc cng trnh ngm th cn m bo s dng t hp l, tit
kim v hiu qu; m bo kt ni tng thch v ng b, an ton cc cng trnh ngm
v gia cng trnh ngm vi cc cng trnh trn mt t; m bo cc yu cu v bo v
mi trng v ngun nc ngm, kt hp cht ch vi cc yu cu v an ninh v quc
phng.
2.9.2 Cc yu cu v quy hoch xy dng cc cng trnh h tng k thut ngm
- Phi la chn cc hnh thc b tr cng trnh h tng k thut ngm ph hp vi
tng loi th v xu hng pht trin lu di ca th.
- Phi chiu su v c khong cch theo chiu ngang khng nh hng ln nhau
v n s an ton trong qu trnh qun l, khai thc v s dng cc cng trnh h tng k
thut ngm v cc cng trnh trn mt t c lin quan.
- Vic u ni cc cng trnh h tng k thut vi nhau v vi cc cng trnh ngm
khc trong th phi m bo thun tin, an ton v p cc yu cu k thut.
2.9.3 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch xy dng giao thng ngm th
Quy hoch giao thng ngm trong th phi m bo tnh h thng, ng b, lin
hon, kt ni v khng gian thun tin, an ton vi giao thng trn mt t v vi cc cng
trnh cng cng ngm, cng trnh cng cng trn mt t lin k.
2.9.4 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch xy dng cc cng trnh cng cng ngm
- Phi ph hp vi quy hoch t chc khng gian v h thng dch v cng cng
ca th.
- Phi m bo kt ni khng gian thun tin v an ton vi cc cng trnh giao
thng ngm, cc cng trnh cng cng trn mt t v cc cng trnh cng cng ngm
lin k v kt ni vi h thng h tng k thut ngm chung ca th.
2.9.5 Khong cch ti thiu gia cc cng trnh ngm
Khong cch ti thiu gia cc cng trnh h tng k thut ngm th khng nm
trong tuy-nen hoc ho k thut c quy nh trong bng 2.11.
Bng 2.11: Khong cch ti thiu gia cc cng trnh h tng k thut ngm th khng
nm trong tuy-nen hoc ho k thut (m)

34
 Cng Knh
ng Cng Cp
thot Cp mng thot
Loi ng ng ng cp thot thng
nc in nc, tuy-
nc nc thi tin
ma nen
Khong cch theo chiu ngang
ng ng cp nc 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,5
Cng thot nc thi 1 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 1,0
Cng thot nc ma 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 1,0
Cp in 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,5 2,0
Cp thng tin 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 - 1,0
Tuynel, ho k thut 1,5 1,0 1,0 2,0 1 -
Khong cch theo chiu ng
ng ng cp nc - 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5
Cng thot nc thi 1,0 - 0,4 0,5 0,5
Cng thot nc ma 0,5 0,4 - 0,5 0,5
Cp in 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,5
Cp thng tin 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 -

- Khi b tr ng ng cp nc sinh hot song song vi ng ng thot nc bn,

khong cch gia cc ng ng khng c nh hn 1,5m, khi ng knh ng cp
nc 200mm khong cch khng c nh hn 3m v khi ng knh ng cp nc
ln hn 200mm th trn on ng i song song ng ng cp nc phi lm bng kim
loi.
- Khong cch gia cc ng ng cp nc c ng knh ln hn 300mm v vi
cp thng tin khng c nh hn 1m.
- Nu b tr mt s ng ng cp nc song song vi nhau khong cch gia
chng khng c nh hn 0,7m khi ng knh ng 300mm; khng c nh hn 1m
khi ng ng 4001.000mm; khng c nh hn 1,5m khi ng knh ng trn
1.000mm. Khong cch gia cc ng ng c p lc khc cng p dng tiu chun
tng t.
- Khong cch ti thiu gia cc h thng h tng k thut ngm th khi t
chung trong tuy-nen hoc ho k thut c quy nh trong bng 2.12.
Bng 2.12: Khong cch ti thiu gia cc h thng h tng k thut ngm th khi t
chung trong tuy-nen hoc ho k thut (m)
ng ng Cng thot nc Cp Cp
Loi ng ng
cp nc thi, thot nc ma in thng tin
ng ng cp nc 0,8 1,0 0,5 0,5
Cng thot nc thi, 1,0 0,4 0,5 0,5
thot nc ma
Cp in 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,5
Cp thng tin 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,1

- Khong cch ti thiu gia cc cng trnh h tng ngm khc tun th quy chun
xy dng cc cng trnh ngm th.

35
2.10 Quy hoch ci to cc khu vc c trong th
2.10.1 Quy nh chung
- Cc quy nh v quy hoch ci to c p dng cho cc khu vc:
+ Ci to chnh trang, ph d cc cng trnh hin hu xy dng li hoc xy dng
cc cng trnh chc nng mi trong cc khu vc hin hu;
+ Cc khu vc xy dng xen cy vo cc qu t trng c quy m di 4ha trong
cc khu vc hin hu.
- Quy hoch ci to cc khu vc c trong th cn m bo:
+ Ph hp vi iu kin hin trng cng nh quy hoch xy dng ca cc khu vc
ln cn v cc khu vc c lin quan v: mt v tng cao xy dng; cnh quan
th; h thng h tng x hi v cc chc nng s dng t khc;
+ Ph hp vi gi tr lch s, gi tr kin trc v cht lng ca cc cng trnh hin
c;
+ H thng h tng k thut cn c ci to ng b, l gii ng giao thng
trong nhm nh hin trng ci to phi m bo 4m, ng ct mt ln xe khng
c di qu 150m v phi c im quay xe;
+ m bo cc yu cu v phng chy, cha chy, bi xe, c s h tng k thut
khc, v sinh mi trng...
2.10.2 Quy nh v s dng t
i vi cc khu vc c trong cc th, khi quy hoch ci to phi u tin ti a cho
vic b tr cc cng trnh phc li cng cng. Khi quy m cc cng trnh phc li cng
cng nh: trng hc - m bo chun quc gia do B Gio dc v o to quy nh;
vn hoa, sn chi cng cng trong n v - m bo 2m2/ngi trong bn knh phc
v ti a l 500m; ch m bo quy nh trong bng 2.1, cho php xen cy thm cc
cng trnh khc.
Tr cc cng trnh gio dc phi m bo chun quc gia do B Gio dc v o to
quy nh, ch tiu s dng t cc loi cng trnh khc trong cc khu vc quy hoch ci
to c php gim v ti thiu phi t 50% so vi cc ch tiu s dng t tng ng
ca cc khu vc xy dng mi.
C th kt hp b tr cng trnh gio dc mm non trong cc cng trnh chung c
nhng phi m bo din tch sn chi ngoi tri v cc quy nh v an ton v mi
trng cng nh cc quy nh chuyn ngnh ca B Gio dc o to.
t cy xanh trong cc cng trnh tn gio trong cc khu ci to c quy i thnh
t cy xanh s dng cng cng, nhng tng ch tiu t cy xanh s dng cng cng
c quy i khng ln hn 50% tng ch tiu t cy xanh s dng cng cng.
i vi nh lin k hin c ci to, phi p ng cc quy nh sau:
- Trong trng hp l t l b phn cu thnh ca c dy ph, din tch t ti
thiu ca l t xy dng nh lin k l 25m2/cn nh vi chiu su l t v b rng l
t khng nh hn 2,5m, quy nh v tng cao xy dng ca ngi nh c p dng
theo quy nh chung cho ton dy ph;

36
- Trong trng hp l t ng n l, din tch t ti thiu ca l t c xy
dng cng trnh trn l 50m2/cn nh vi chiu su l t v b rng l t khng nh
hn 5m;
- V khi tch cng trnh: i vi cc cng trnh n l c xy dng trn cc l
t n l c kch thc b rng hoc b su t 10m tr xung, t l gia chiu cao ca
cng trnh vi b rng ca cng trnh cng nh t l gia chiu cao ca cng trnh vi b
su ca cng trnh (b su so vi mt tin) khng ln qu 3 ln kch thc cnh nh hn
ca cng trnh), ngoi tr cc cng trnh c gi tr im nhn c bit c xc nh
trong quy nh qun l xy dng th theo n quy hoch chi tit c duyt;
- Cc trng hp c bit trong qu trnh gii ta xy dng th, p dng theo
cc quy nh hin hnh c lin quan.
2.10.3 Quy nh v bn knh phc v
i vi cc khu vc c trong th, c php tng bn knh phc v ca cc cng
trnh cng cng, nhng khng tng qa 100% so vi cc quy nh v bn knh phc v
i vi cc khu quy hoch mi, ng thi phi m bo cc quy nh chuyn ngnh.
Trong trng hp gim quy m, s lng cng trnh dch v th th phi m bo cc
quy nh v bn knh phc v cng nh quy m s dng t nh i vi quy hoch xy
dng mi v phi xem xt m bo cc n v ln cn, trong bn knh phc v gp 2
ln bn knh theo quy hoch xy dng mi, c m bo nhu cu v loi cng trnh
cng cng .
2.10.4 Quy nh v khong li cng trnh
Tun th mc 2.8.5 ca quy chun ny.
2.10.5 Quy nh v khong cch gia cc dy nh lin k hoc cng trnh n l (gi
chung l dy nh) :
- i vi cc dy nh cao t 16m tr ln: phi m bo quy nh v khong cch
bng 70% quy nh v khong cch i vi cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc quy
hoch mi.
- i vi cc dy nh cao di 16m: phi m bo khong cch gia cc cnh di
ca 2 dy nh ti thiu l 4m v khong cch ti thiu gia hai u hi ca 2 dy nh c
ng giao thng chung i qua l 3 m (khong cch t ranh gii l t n tim ng
giao thng chung ti thiu l 1,5m).
- Trong trng hp hai dy nh c chiu cao khc nhau thuc 2 l t lin k ca
hai ch s hu quyn s dng t khc nhau, khong cch ti thiu t mi dy nh
n ranh gii gia 2 l t phi m bo ti thiu bng 50% khong cch ti thiu gia
hai dy nh c chiu cao bng chiu cao ca dy nh .
2.10.6 Quy nh v mt xy dng thun (net-t) ti a cho php
Cc quy nh v mt xy dng thun net-t ti a trong cc khu quy hoch ci to
tun th mc 2.8.6 ca quy chun ny. Trng hp ci to chnh trang m khng tng
mt xy dng v tng cao xy dng th c th gi nguyn mt xy dng hin trng.
Trng hp tng mt xy dng hoc tng cao xy dng hoc ph i xy li, phi
tun theo cc quy nh v mt xy dng thun net-t ti a trong cc khu quy hoch
ci to nu trong mc 2.8.6 ca quy chun ny.

37
 Mt xy dng net-t ti a ca cc cng trnh cng cng nh gio dc, y t, vn
ha, ch trong cc khu vc quy hoch ci to l 60%. Ngoi ra, vic quy hoch xy dng
cc cng trnh ny phi tun th cc quy nh chuyn ngnh.
2.10.7 Cc quy nh khc v chiu cao, phn nh c php nh ra ngoi ch gii
ng v ch gii xy dng, quan h vi cc cng trnh bn cnh, ki t, bin
qung co, cy xanh
Tun th cc quy nh nh i vi cc khu vc quy hoch xy dng mi.
2.10.8 Cng ra vo, sn, ch xe ca nh cng cng, dch v:
Nh cng cng, dch v (trng hc, bnh vin, rp ht, sn vn ng...) phi:
- m bo giao thng ng ph ti khu vc cng ra vo cng trnh c an ton
v thng sut, khng b tc nghn, c din tch tp kt ngi v xe trc cng (cn gi l
vnh u xe hoc khu vc phn tn xe): cng v phn hng ro gip hai bn cng li su
khi ranh gii l t, to thnh ch tp kt c chiu su ti thiu 4m, chiu ngang ti
thiu bng 2 ln chiu rng ca cng;
- C din tch sn, bi cho s ngi ra vo cng trnh (k c khch vng lai) c
th ra vo, t tp, xe mt cch thun li v an ton nh:
+ Sn tp hp hc sinh ton trng: i vi trng hc, nh tr;
+ Sn ch cho khch, sn cho ph huynh cc hc sinh nh ti n con;
+ Sn ch i, thot ngi: i vi nh biu din, phng khm bnh, c quan hnh
chnh;
+ Nh xe cho nhn vin, gio vin, hc sinh, khch.
2.10.9 Trm xng trong th
Tun th quy nh nh i vi khu vc quy hoch xy dng mi ti mc 2.8.16.

2.11 Quy hoch xy dng im dn c nng thn

2.11.1 Yu cu i vi t xy dng v m rng cc im dn c nng thn:
1) t xy dng v m rng cc im dn c nng thn khng nm trong cc khu
vc di y:
- Khu vc c mi trng b nhim do cc cht thi cng nghip, hoc khng m
bo v sinh, d pht sinh dch bnh;
- Khu vc c kh hu xu, ni gi qun, gi xoy;
- Khu vc c ti nguyn cn khai thc hoc trong khu vc kho c;
- Khu vc cm xy dng (phm vi bo v cc cng trnh k thut h tng, khu bo
v di tch lch s, vn ha, thng cnh, khu bo v cng trnh quc phng ...);
- Khu vc thng xuyn b ngp lt qu su (ngp trn 3m), st l, l qut.
2) Hn ch s dng t canh tc, cn tn dng t i, ni, g bi, t c nng sut
trng trt km xy dng v m rng cc im dn c nng thn.

38
2.11.2 Ch tiu s dng t xy dng cho cc im dn c nng thn phi ph hp vi
iu kin c th ca a phng
Bng 2.13: Ch tiu s dng t im dn c nng thn ca cc x
Loi t Ch tiu s dng t (m2/ngi)
t (cc l t gia nh) 25
t xy dng cng trnh dch v 5
t cho giao thng v h tng k thut 5
Cy xanh cng cng 2

2.11.3 Phn khu chc nng im dn c nng thn

1) Cc khu chc nng chnh
Cc im dn c nng thn ca mt x gm cc khu chc nng ch yu sau:
- Khu gm cc thn, xm nh v cc cng trnh phc v;
- Khu trung tm x;
- Cc cng trnh sn xut v phc v sn xut;
- Cc cng trnh h tng x hi ca x;
- Cc cng trnh k thut h tng ca x.
2) Cc yu cu i vi phn khu chc nng trong quy hoch im dn c nng thn:
- Tit kim t canh tc (hn ch vic m rng khu dn c c trn t nng
nghip);
- Thun tin cho giao thng i li, sn xut, n, , ngh ngi gii tr, sinh hot cng
cng;
- Bo v mi trng sng;
- Tn dng a hnh, cnh quan thin nhin to nn b cc khng gian kin trc
p, mang bn sc tng vng;
- Ph hp vi cc c im c th ca khu vc v: v tr v tnh cht (vng ven
hay vng su, vng xa, khu dn c lu nm hay khu kinh t mi...); ngnh ngh kinh t
ca a phng v phong tc, tp qun, tn ngng;
- Cc khu vc chn nui, sn xut nng nghip v tiu th cng nghip cn c
quy hoch vi c ly m bo yu cu v khong cch ly v sinh, m bo phng chng
dch bnh ly lan.

2.11.4 Quy hoch khu nng thn

La chn khu t xy dng nh cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
- K tha hin trng phn b dn c v ph hp vi quy hoch mng li phn b
dn c ca khu vc ln hn c lin quan;
- Pht trin c mt lng dn c thch hp, thun li cho t chc cc cng trnh
cng cng cn thit nh nh tr, trng ph thng c s, c s dch v...;
- Ph hp vi t ai, a hnh, c th da vo a hnh, a vt t nhin nh ng
x, ao h, knh mng, i ni, di t phn nh ranh gii.

39
 i vi khu vc xy dng nh c quy hoch trn c s cc l t gia nh,
din tch t cho mi h gia nh phi ph hp vi quy nh ca a phng v hn
mc t c giao cho mi h gia nh.
Mi l t gia nh gm t dnh cho:
- Nh chnh v nh ph (bp, kho, sn xut ph);
- Cc cng trnh ph;
- Li i, sn, ch rm r, ci, rc, hng ro;
- t vn, t ao...
B cc cc thnh phn trong l t phi m bo thun tin cho sinh hot v sn xut
ca h gia nh, ng thi to b mt kin trc cho thn xm.
2.11.5 Quy hoch khu trung tm x
1) Quy nh chung:
Mi x cn c quy hoch t nht mt khu trung tm. X c quy m ln v dn s,
din tch c th c trung tm chnh v trung tm ph. Ti khu trung tm b tr cc cng
trnh quan trng phc v nhu cu giao dch hnh chnh, mua bn, ngh ngi, gii tr nh:
- Tr s cc c quan x: Hi ng nhn dn x, U ban nhn dn x, ng u,
Cng an, X i, tr s Hp tc x, cc on th (Hi Nng dn, Ph n, Ph lo, on
Thanh nin, Hi cu Chin binh, Mt trn T quc...);
- Cc cng trnh cng cng ca ton x: nh vn ha, cu lc b, nh truyn thng,
th vin, trng tiu hc (cp 1), trng trung hc c s (cp 2), sn th thao, ch, ca
hng dch v trung tm, bu in, dch v vn ha;
- Cc x c quy m dn s 20.000 dn, cn quy hoch trng ph thng trung
hc.
2) Tr s cc c quan x:
- Tr s Hi ng nhn dn x, U ban nhn dn x v cc c quan trc thuc, tr
s ng u x v cc on th qun chng cn c b tr tp trung thun li cho giao
dch v tit kim t.
- Din tch t tr s c quan x ti thiu l 1.000m2.
3) Trng hc:
Mi x phi quy hoch trng tiu hc, trng trung hc c s, b tr gn khu dn c,
yn tnh c iu kin v sinh tt, bo m hc sinh i li c an ton v thun tin.
Trng c thit k theo tiu chun chuyn ngnh.
4) Nh tr, trng mu gio:
Nh tr, trng mu gio cn c b tr ngay trong hoc gn khu nh v c thit
k theo tiu chun chuyn ngnh.
5) Trm y t:
- Mi x phi c mt trm y t vi cc b phn k hoch ha gia nh, y t cng
ng, sn, khm bnh, iu tr, nghip v (xt nghim n gin, pha ch thuc nam, bn
thuc), vn thuc nam hoc vn cy.

40
- Trm y t x cn t ti ni yn tnh, cao ro, thong mt, c ngun nc tt v
lin h thun tin vi khu . Din tch khu t xy dng trm y t ti thiu l 500m2 nu
khng c vn thuc v ti thiu l 1.000 m2 nu c vn thuc.
6) Cng trnh vn ha, th thao:
- Cc cng trnh vn ha, th thao x gm nh vn ha, cu lc b, phng truyn
thng, trin lm, thng tin, th vin, hi trng, i truyn thanh, sn bi th thao
- Nh vn ha c cc b phn vui chi gii tr trong nh v ngoi tri, ni luyn tp
sinh hot vn ngh (ca, ma, nhc, kch, cho, ci lng). Din tch t ti thiu cho khu
nh vn ha l 2.000m2.
- Phng truyn thng, trin lm trng by lch s v thnh tch chin u, sn xut
ca a phng: din tch xy dng ti thiu l 200m2.
- Th vin: c phng c ti thiu l 15 ch ngi, din tch xy dng ti thiu l
2
200m .
- Hi trng, ni hi hp xem biu din vn ngh: quy m ti thiu 100 ch ngi.
- Sn bi th thao: cn kt hp sn th thao ca x vi sn th thao ca trng ph
thng c s v bi chi bng ngoi tri tit kim t; din tch khu th thao ti thiu
l 4.000m2; tn dng sng ngi, ao h sn c ci to lm ni bi li, vui chi.
7) Ch, ca hng dch v:
- Mi x cn t chc ti thiu mt ch.
- Ch cn b tr v tr thun tin ng giao thng i li, trn khu t cao, d thot
nc.
- Ch phi c ch xe p, xe my, c ni thu, cha cht thi rn trong ngy, c
nh v sinh cng cng.
- Ngoi cc ca hng dch v t nhn, ca hng dch v do x t chc cn c b
tr khu trung tm x.
2.11.6 Quy hoch khu sn xut tiu, th cng nghip
- Quy hoch xy dng cc cng trnh sn xut v phc v sn xut phi ph hp vi
tim nng pht trin sn xut ca x nh:
+ Tim nng v t ai (sn xut la c sn, hoa mu, cy n qu), chn nui, nui
trng thy sn;
+ Tim nng pht trin ngnh ngh, nht l ngnh ngh truyn thng sn xut hng
xut khu, hng tiu dng;
+ Tim nng pht trin cng nghip vt liu xy dng, khai thc , ct, si..., ch
bin lng thc, thc phm, c kh nh...;
+ Cc iu kin cn cho sn xut: th trng tiu th; kh nng huy ng vn; cc
cng ngh c th p dng; h tng k thut (giao thng vn ti, cp in, cp nc,
thot nc).
- Cc khu tiu th cng nghip tp trung phi tun th quy nh v s dng t v
mi trng nh i vi cc khu cng nghip tp trung trong th.
- B tr cc cng trnh sn xut: khi lp n quy hoch c php vn dng nhng
gii php di y:

41
 + Nhng c s sn xut tiu th cng nghip khng gy c hi c th b tr trong
khu , ti cc nh ph ca tng h gia nh nhng khng c nc thi v ting
n gy nhim mi trng;
+ Cc cng trnh sn xut v phc v sn xut c tc ng xu ti mi trng phi
b tr ngoi khu , gn u mi giao thng, thnh cc cm sn xut;
+ Gia khu sn xut v khu yu cu phi c khong cch ly ph hp vi c im,
quy m ca cng trnh sn xut.
Ghi ch: Quy hoch cc x nghip cng nghip ln t ti nng thn v quy hoch sn xut nng, lm,
ng nghip khng thuc phm vi quy nh ca chng ny

2.11.7 Quy hoch cy xanh trong cc im dn c nng thn

1) H thng cy xanh trong im dn c nng thn:
Cy xanh trng trong cc im dn c x bao gm:
- Cy xanh, vn hoa cng cng;
- Cc vn cy tp trung nh vn cy kinh t, cy n qu, cy thuc, vn m;
- Cy xanh cch ly trng quanh cc khu sn xut tp trung hoc quanh cc cng
trnh sn xut.
2) Quy nh chung:
Quy hoch trng cy cc im dn c nng thn phi:
- Kt hp cht ch gia li ch kinh t (trng rau, cy n qu, cy ly g, phng
h...) vi cc yu cu ci thin mi trng sinh thi, quc phng an ninh.
- Kt hp vi quy hoch trng cy phng h ngoi ng rung, cy phng h chng
ct ven bin, cy chng xi mn to thnh mt h thng cy xanh trong x.
3) Cc yu cu k thut:
- To thnh cc vn hoa khu trung tm v trong khu t xy dng cc cng trnh
vn ha, lch s, tn gio.
- Khng trng cc loi cy c nha c, c hoa qu hp dn rui mui, cy c gai
trong trm y t, trng hc, nh tr, trng mu gio, cn trng cc loi cy cao, bng
mt v c tc dng lm sch khng kh.
- Trong khu t trm y t cn trng cc loi cy thuc. Trong trng hc ch
trng cc loi cy phc v cho vic ging dy v hc tp.
- Xung quanh khu sn xut tp trung v xung quanh cc cng trnh sn xut gy bi,
c mi hi hoc pht ra ting n phi c di cch ly bng cy xanh p ng yu cu v
khong cch ly i vi tng loi hnh sn xut hoc mc x thi.
2.11.8 Cc quy nh v qun l kin trc
Khng gian kin trc ca cc im dn c nng thn cn c nghin cu ph hp
vi cu trc t nhin v khai thc cc yu t c th ca a phng, to c hnh nh
c trng cho tng im dn c nng thn v ph hp vi chc nng s dng ca tng
hng mc cng trnh.

42
2.11.9 Quy hoch ci to cc im dn c nng thn c
Vic ci to cc im dn c c bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- T chc li hoc iu chnh khu chc nng trong cc xm nh ; iu chnh li
mng li cng trnh cng cng, nng cao cht lng v tin nghi phc v cc cng
trnh, xy thm hoc m rng mt s cng trnh;
- T chc li hoc iu chnh b sung mng li h tng k thut thit yu;
- Ci thin iu kin v sinh mi trng;
- Tng thm din tch cy xanh trong khu v dc theo cc trc h tng k thut.

43
CHNG III. QUY HOCH CHUN B K THUT

3.1 Cc quy nh chung i vi quy hoch chun b k thut

3.1.1 Cc bin php chun b k thut bt buc i vi cc khu t quy hoch xy
dng
- San p nn th (quy hoch chiu cao).
- Quy hoch h thng thot nc ma.
- Nhng bin php chun b k thut khc nh: h mc nc ngm; trnh trt l
t; phng n gim thiu thit hi do tc ng ca thin tai (l, l qut, bo, ng t,
triu cng...).
3.1.2 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch san p nn
- Ph hp vi t chc h thng thot nc ma, h thng tiu thu li v h thng
cng trnh bo v khu t khi ngp lt.
- m bo dc ng theo tiu chun.
- Tn dng n mc cao nht a hnh t nhin, gi c lp t mu, cy xanh
hin c, hn ch khi lng o p v hn ch chiu cao t p.
- Khng lm xu hn cc iu kin a cht cng trnh, iu kin a cht thy vn.
- i vi nhng khu th hin c, nhng khu vc c mt xy dng tng
i cao, c ct nn tng i n nh, cng tc quy hoch chiu cao phi ph hp vi
hin trng xy dng.
3.1.3 Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch h thng thot nc ma
- H thng thot nc ma phi bo m thot nc ma trn ton lu vc d kin
quy hoch ra cc h, sng, sui hoc trc tiu thy li.... Ty thuc vo cp th, tnh
cht cc khu chc nng v din tch ca lu vc thot nc, mng li ng cng v
cc cng trnh trn h thng cn c tnh ton vi chu k ma ph hp.
- Quy nh v thu gom nc ma:
+ 100% ng ni th phi c h thng thot nc ma;
+ Ti thiu 60% ng ngoi th phi c h thng thot nc ma;
+ ng c chiu rng 40m, phi b tr h thng thot nc ma hai bn ng.
- H thng chung, h thng ring hoc h thng na ring phi ph hp vi quy m
th, yu cu v sinh, iu kin t nhin (a hnh, kh hu, thu vn), hin trng th.
- vng ng bng thp, cn tn dng cc h ao hin c hoc xy dng mi cc h
iu tit nc ma. Nu phi s dng trm bm thot nc ma cho th, cn nghin
cu kt hp s dng trm bm ny lm bm ti nng nghip cho vng ngoi th trong
thi gian ma kh.
- i vi cc mng, sui chy qua th, cn phi k b v ty theo yu cu ca
th, cn c cc gii php ph hp vi yu cu cnh quan v mi trng th.
3.1.4 Cc yu cu i vi cc cng tc chun b k thut khc
- Cc th nm bn b sng, b bin phi c bin php bo v khi b ngp lt.
- Cao khng ch tn nn ti thiu phi cao hn mc nc tnh ton ti thiu
0,3m i vi t dn dng v 0,5m i vi t cng nghip.

44
- Cao nh phi ph hp vi quy hoch chuyn ngnh thu li.
- Mc nc tnh ton l mc nc cao nht c chu k theo tn sut (nm) c quy
nh trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1: Mc nc tnh ton mc nc cao nht c chu k theo tn sut (s nm)
Loi th c Loi Loi Loi Loi
bit I Loi V
Khu chc nng II III IV
Khu trung tm 100 100 50 40 20 10
Khu cng nghip, kho tng 100 100 50 40 20 10
Khu 100 100 50 40 20 10
Khu cy xanh, TDTT 20 10 10 10 10 2
Khu dn c nng thn -Dn dng > H maxTBnm
-Cng cng > Hmax + 0,3m

- B sng, b h trong th cn c bo v, gia c sng, nc ma, khng

gy xi l.
- Nu c nguy c bn ct b nc ma cun trn vo khu d kin xy dng, cn c
bin php che chn v hng dng bn ct ra ngoi khu vc xy dng.
- Nu khu t xy dng b dng chy nc ma o xi thnh khe vc, cn c bin
php iu chnh li dng chy nc ma, gia c sn dc.
- Nu khu t xy dng nm trong khu vc c hin tng sn ni trt l, cn
nghin cu c im a cht, a cht thy vn khu vc c gii php k thut x l
ph hp.

3.2 Quy hoch chun b k thut vng

Trong quy hoch xy dng vng, quy hoch chun b k thut cn m bo cc yu
cu:
- Xc nh c cao xy dng cho cc th trong vng, h thng chnh;
- Cn xc nh gii php thot nc ma mang tnh cht vng cho h thng sng
sui chnh, cc lu vc that nc chnh, cc cng trnh tiu u mi;
- Cn xc nh cc vng c nguy c chu nh hng ca thin tai v cc gii php
phng trnh thin tai.

3.3 Quy hoch chun b k thut th

3.3.1 Quy hoch chun b k thut trong quy hoch chung xy dng th
Trong quy hoch chung xy dng, quy hoch chun b k thut cn m bo cc yu
cu:
- nh gi, xc nh c cc loi t theo iu kin t nhin thun li, t thun li,
khng thun li, cm xy dng hoc hn ch xy dng;

45
- Xc nh ct xy dng khng ch ca tng khu vc, ton th v cc trc giao
thng chnh th; ch r khu vc tn nn hoc h nn, d bo khi lng san nn; d
kin ngun t p v khu vc t d tha;
- Xc nh c cc lu vc thot nc ma chnh, h thng cng thot nc ma
chnh, cc h d kin xy dng v cc cng trnh u mi;
- xut gii php phng trnh v gim nh thit hi do thin tai (l qut, bo, sng
thn, triu cng).
3.3.2 Quy hoch chi tit chun b k thut
Trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng, quy hoch chun b k thut cn m bo cc yu
cu:
1) i vi quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000:
- Quy hoch chiu cao: phi m bo khp ni vi cc khu vc c lin quan v p
ng nhu cu xy dng h thng h tng k thut v xy dng th; ch r cao ti cc
im giao ct ng v ti cc im c bit; xc nh v tr o p vi cc thng s v
khi lng;
- H thng thot nc ma: thit k mng li ng cng vi y thng s k
thut (kch thc, dc, hng thot, cao im u, im cui ca cc on cng v
ming x); lm r cc thng s k thut v v tr ca cc h iu ho d kin v cc trm
bm u mi hoc cc b (gi li hoc xy dng mi);
- Cc cng tc chun b k thut khc: xc nh cc v tr cn k, n nh nn v cc
tuyn chng l.
2) i vi quy hoch chi tit 1/500:
- Quy hoch chiu cao: nh quy nh i vi quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000 v tu
theo a hnh nghin cu phi th hin gii php san nn bng ng ng mc thit
k.
- H thng thot nc ma: ngoi nhng yu cu nh i vi quy hoch chi tit t
l 1/2.000, phi ch r cc ga thu nc v ging k thut, v tr ta-luy, tng chn

3.4 Quy hoch chun b k thut im dn c nng thn

3.4.1 Quy hoch chiu cao (quy hoch san p t nn)
Quy hoch chiu cao im dn c nng thn phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Khng san p nn khi cha xc nh c v tr xy dng cng trnh v cha c
quy hoch thot nc ma;
- Phi quy hoch san p nn cho phn t xy dng cng trnh (nh , nh v cng
trnh cng cng, nh sn xut, ng giao thng). Phn t cn li c gi nguyn a
hnh t nhin. Nn cc cng trnh phi cao hn mc nc l ln nht (max) thng
xuyn xy ra, c bit i vi cc cng trnh nh kho (c bit l cc kho cha phn ha
hc, thuc tr su, thc ging), trng hc, nh tr, trm y t... Cao nn cn cao hn
mc nc tnh ton ln nht (max) hng nm ti thiu l 0,3m;
- m bo nc ma thot nhanh v khng gy xi l nn ng, nn cng trnh;
- m bo giao thng, i li thun tin, an ton;

46
- Tn dng a hnh t nhin, hn ch khi lng t san lp, o p; bo v cy
lu nin, lp t mu;
- Khng b tr dn c khu vc c nguy c b st l, l qut.
3.4.2 Quy hoch thot nc ma
- Phi ph hp vi h thng tiu thu li.
- i vi sng sui chy qua khu vc dn c, cn ci to, gia c b, chng st l.
- Cn la chn h thng thot nc ph hp.
- i vi khu dn c nm bn sn i, ni phi thit k cc mng n hng
dng chy trn nh i, ni xung, khng chy trn qua khu dn c.
- Cn c gii php phng trnh v gim nh thit hi do l lt.

47
CHNG IV. QUY HOCH GIAO THNG

4.1 Cc quy nh chung v quy hoch giao thng

Quy hoch giao thng cn phi:
- p ng nhu cu vn ti hnh khch v hng ho phc v cho pht trin kinh t -
x hi, qu trnh th ho v hi nhp vi quc t;
- Mng li giao thng phi c phn cp r rng;
- H thng giao thng i ngoi khi i qua th phi ph hp vi quy hoch
th.

4.2 Quy hoch giao thng vng

Cc yu cu i vi quy hoch giao thng vng:
- m bo lin h thun tin gia vng vi cc vng khc v gia cc khu chc
nng trong vng;
- p ng nhu cu vn ti hnh khch v hng ho phc v cho pht trin kinh t -
x hi, qu trnh th ho v hi nhp vi quc t ca vng;
- m bo lin h thun tin gia giao thng trong vng vi h thng giao thng
quc gia v quc t.
- Mng li ng b phi c phn cp r rng v kt ni lin thng: ng cao
tc, cc tuyn quc l, ng tnh, ng huyn, ng th v ng chuyn dng
quan trng.
- Cc tuyn ng st quc gia, ng st th, ng st chuyn dng, phi c
kt ni lin thng bng h thng nh ga: ga hnh khch, ga hng ha, ga k thut v ga
hn hp.
- Xc nh v tr, quy m cc cng hng khng, sn bay quc t, cng hng khng,
sn bay ni a.
- Xc nh loi cng bin (cng bin loi I, loi II v loi III), v tr v quy m ca
cc cng bin trong vng.
- Xc nh cc tuyn giao thng ng thu ni a v cc cng bn thy ni a...

4.3 Quy hoch giao thng th

4.3.1 H thng giao thng i ngoi
1) ng b:
- ng -t cao tc cp 80, cp 100, cp 120 phi i ngoi phm vi quy hoch xy
dng th v tun th cc quy nh chuyn ngnh (xem ph lc 15).
- Khng b tr ng -t cp I, II, III (xem ph lc 15) i xuyn qua th m phi
b tr ng trnh, vng qua th. Ring i vi ng cp III, c th cho php chy
qua mt s th, nhng phi c cc gii php quy hoch m bo giao thng i ngoi
v an ton giao thng th.
- Bn -t th b tr nhng ni lin h thun tin vi trung tm th, nh ga,
bn cng, ch v cc khu vc c dn tp trung.

48
- Trm phc v sa cha v trm dng cho xe -t thng qua th b tr gn v tr
cc u mi giao thng ni vo th.
2) ng st:
a) Tuyn ng st:
- i vi th loi c bit, loi I v II khi c ng st quc gia chy qua cn
lm ng trnh ra ngoi th hoc phi c cc gii php t chc giao thng ph hp
ng st khng nh hng xu n hot ng ca th.
- cc th loi c bit v loi I, cc tuyn c khi lng vn chuyn hnh
khch ni v ngoi th ln cn t chc tuyn, ga ng st dnh cho hnh khch i li
gia ni v ngoi th.
- Nh th phi cch tim ng ray gn nht 20m. nhng ni ng st i
di ho, khong cch ly c th gim xung, nhng khng nh hn 10m. Ti thiu 50%
b rng gii cch ly phi trng cy xanh.
- i vi th ci to, phi xy dng tng ro cch ly bo v v m bo khong
cch quy nh v bo m trt t, an ton giao thng ng st (xem ph lc 4).
b) Giao ct gia ng st vi ng st hoc vi ng b:
- Phi t chc giao nhau khc cao cho nt giao ct gia ng st vi ng st,
ng st th, ng b v trc giao thng chnh ca th.
- Ti mi nt giao ct gia ng st v ng b phi c bin php m bo an
ton giao thng (s dng n tn hiu, ba-rie).
c) Ga ng st:
- Ga hnh khch chnh phi b tr gn khu dn dng v c lin h thun tin vi
trung tm, cc khu nh , khu cng nghip. i vi th c bit, loi I v II, ga hnh
khch c th b tr trong trung tm th nhng phi c bin php hn ch ti a ting n
v s giao ct vi cc loi ng ca th.
- Ga hng ha phi b tr gn cc khu cng nghip, c s cung cp v nhn hng,
gn lin vi trm hng ha, kho, sn cha hng.
- Ga k thut phc v tc nghip k thut u my toa xe phi b tr ngoi khu
dn dng.
- Ga hn hp l ga ng thi c chc nng ca hai hoc ba loi ga quy nh ti mc
ny.
d) Kch thc nn ga:
Kch thc nn ga cn m bo cc yu cu trong bng 4.1.
3) ng hng khng:
- Cng hng khng, sn bay phi b tr ngoi th, m bo khong cch ti khu
dn dng, c d phng kh nng pht trin khu dn dng trong tng lai (xem ph lc s
4).
- Khi lp n quy hoch, quy m v din tch t ca cng hng khng, sn bay
phi c tnh ton theo cc tiu chun ngnh hng khng v tiu chun ca t chc hng
khng dn dng quc t ICAO.

49
- ng t cc th loi c bit, loi I v II n sn bay, nu di trn 20km cn
phi xy dng ng -t cao tc.

Bng 4.1: Kch thc nn cc loi ga

Kiu b tr ng Chiu di Chiu rng nn ga
Loi ga
n, tin tu nn ga (m) (m)
1- Ga hnh khch
- Ga ct 1000 200
- Ga thng qua 1400 100
2- Ga hng ha 500 100
3- Ga k thut Ni tip 4000 200
Hn hp 2700 250
Song song 2200 700

4- Ga hn hp Xp dc 1500 50
Na xp dc 1300 50
Xp ngang 900 100

4) ng thy:
a) Quy hoch cc cng bin, cng v bn thy ni a phi b tr v tr ph hp vi
tng loi cng:
- Cng bn hnh khch: b tr gn trung tm dch v, trung tm dn c.
- Cng hng ha, vn chuyn hng ha t nhim v trc tip phc v th: b tr
ni th.
- Cng vn chuyn hng ha nhim, bn du, bn c: phi b tr ngoi thnh.
- Kho nhin liu lng: b tr ngoi thnh, cui hng gi v cui dng sng so vi
ton th.
b) V tr t cng bin, cng v bn thy ni a phi m bo cc quy nh sau:
- m bo cc quy nh v khu bo v, v sinh ngun nc, khong cch ly v sinh
v an ton chy i vi cc loi cng;
- cui dng (so vi khu dn dng);
- C iu kin thun li an ton tu thuyn ra vo;
- C a cht b cng n nh;
- C din tch ph hp vi cc loi cng;
- gn u mi giao thng vn ti ng b, ng st, gn cc khu cng nghip,
kho tng v c s sa cha tu thuyn.
c) Kch thc cng cn m bo cc quy nh trong bng 4.2 v 4.3.

50
Bng 4.2: Quy nh v din tch cng
Loi cng Cc yu t Ch tiu m2/1m di bn cng
Cng bin - Cu cng nh ra 150
- Cu cng dc theo b 300
Cng thu ni a - Cng cng cng 250
- Cng chuyn dng 300
Bn thu ni a - Bn cng cng 100
- Bn chuyn dng 100

Bng 4.3: Mn nc yu cu theo trng ti tu

Loi tu (Trng ti DWT) Nng lc (TEU) Mn nc (m)
A- Tu ng sng 2.000 2,5
1.000 1,8
600 1,5
300 1,2
100 0,9
40 0,6
B- Tu ng bin
- Tu 20.000 1.380 10,5
- Tu 30.000 2.000 11,1
- Tu 40.000 2.700 12,2
- Tu 50.000 3.000 12,4
- Tu 60.000 4.100 13,8
- Tu 220.000 15.000 14,0
- Tu 150.000 Hng kh 17

4.3.2 Quy hoch h thng giao thng trong th

1) Cc yu cu chung i vi quy hoch giao thng th:
- H thng giao thng trong th phi p ng nhu cu vn ti hng ho, hnh
khch v m bo kh nng lin h nhanh chng, an ton gia tt c cc khu chc nng
trong th v vi cc cng trnh giao thng i ngoi, cc th, im dn c khc.
- Phi phn bit gia ng vn chuyn phc v cc khu cng nghip, kho tng,
ng giao thng i ngoi vi h thng ng giao thng ni th.
- Lp quy hoch phi d bo nhu cu vn chuyn hnh khch, hng ho v cc loi
phng tin giao thng trong th xc nh qu t xy dng dnh cho cc phng

51
tin giao thng s pht trin trong tng lai. i vi nhng th t loi III tr ln, cn
d kin kh nng pht trin v t chc mng li giao thng vn ti hnh khch cng
cng hin i nh ng st th, -t but tc hnh..., cc nh ga lin hp gia ng
st quc gia, ng st ngoi vi ng st th v cc u mi tip vn vi ng -
t, ng thu v ng hng khng.
- H thng cc cng trnh phc v giao thng trong th phi p ng nhu cu
pht trin th v m bo thun tin cho cc i tng tham gia giao thng; phi p
ng cc yu cu nu trong Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip
cn s dng.
- Mng li ng th phi quy hoch thnh h thng lin hon nhm m bo
kh nng lin h nhanh chng v an ton gia tt c cc khu chc nng trong th; kt
ni lin hon vi cc cng trnh giao thng i ngoi, cc khu chc nng ngoi thnh v
vi cc im dn c khc.
- Xc nh th phn vn ti hnh khch cng cng theo cc phng thc vn ti,
xc nh cc loi phng tin giao thng vn ti hnh khch cng cng s pht trin trong
tng lai. i vi nhng th t loi III tr ln, t chc mng li giao thng vn ti
hnh khch cng cng nh -t but, -t but tc hnh, ng st th, cc u mi
tip vn vi ng st quc gia, ng st ngoi , ng st th, ng -t, ng
thu v ng hng khng.
- ng th phi phn loi theo chc nng giao thng v tc tnh ton ph
hp vi cc ch tiu ng ni th.
2) Quy nh v h thng ng th:
- th loi c bit v loi I: ng th phi m bo tun th cc quy nh nu
trong bng 4.4.
- th loi II, III, IV, V: tu theo quy m dn s v c im ca th t chc
mng li ng th v ph hp vi cc quy nh tng ng trong bng 4.4.
- H ng i b: va h i b dc theo ng ph mi bn ng phi c chiu
rng ti thiu nh quy nh di y:
+ ng cp th, ng ph tip xc vi li vo cc trung tm thng mi, ch,
trung tm vn ho: 6,0m
+ ng cp khu vc: 4,5m
+ ng phn khu vc: 3,0m.
+ ng nhm nh : khng bt buc t chc thnh ng giao thng c va h
nhng phi c gii php m bo an ton giao thng v trng cy xanh bng mt dc
ng.
- ng xe p: dc theo ng ph t cp ng chnh khu vc tr ln, phi b
tr ng ring cho xe p v phi c di ngn cch hoc vch phn cch vi ng -t.
Trn cc loi ng khc c th b tr chung ng xe p vi ng -t. B rng
ng xe p ti thiu 3,0m.
- Cc loi ng ni th phi t cc ch tiu k thut quy nh chuyn ngnh (xem
ph lc 15).
- T l t giao thng v giao thng tnh trong t xy dng th ti thiu phi t:
+ Tnh n ng lin khu vc: 6%

52
 + Tnh n ng khu vc: 13 %
+ Tnh n ng phn khu vc: 18 %.
Bng 4.4. Quy nh v cc loi ng trong th
Tc B rng B rng Khong Mt
Cp
Loi ng thit k 1 ln xe ca ng cch hai ng
ng
(km/h) (m) (m) ng (m) km/km2
1.ng cao tc 4.8008.000 0,40,25
th
- Cp 100 100 3,75 27110 -
- Cp 80 80 3,75 2790 -
Cp 2. ng trc 80100 3,75 3080 (*) 24004000 0,830,5
th(**) chnh th
3. ng chnh 80100 3,75 3070 (*) 12002000 1,51,0
th
4. ng lin khu 6080 3,75 3050 6001000 3,32,0
vc
5. ng chnh 5060 3,5 2235 300500 6,54,0
Cp khu vc
khu vc
6. ng khu vc 4050 3,5 1625 250300 8,06,5
7.ng phn khu 40 3,5 1320 150250 13,310
vc
Cp ni 8. ng nhm 2030 3,0 715 - -
b nh , vo nh
9.ng i xe p 1,5 3,0 - -
ng i b 0,75 1,5
Ghi ch:
(*) Ph thuc quy m, hnh dng th v nhu cu giao thng
(**) B rng cn tng ln theo tnh ton c th khi trn tuyn b tr ng st th v tuyn t but tc
hnh.

- S ln xe hai hng ti thiu: 04 ln i vi ng cp th, 02 ln i vi

ng cp khu vc, 01 ln i vi ng cp ni b.
- i vi cc khu vc ci to, b rng ca cc cp ng c th gim xung cho
ph hp iu kin hin trng c th, nhng b rng l gii ng khng c nh hn
4,0m.
- Mc nghin cu quy hoch mng li ng trong n quy hoch xy dng
th tun th theo cc quy nh hin hnh v quy hoch xy dng (xem ph lc 14) v
phi m bo:
+ Trong n quy hoch chung xy dng nghin cu trn bn nn a hnh t l
1/25.000, quy hoch h thng giao thng cn nghin cu quy hoch n cp ng
lin khu vc;

53
 + Trong n quy hoch chung xy dng nghin cu trn bn nn a hnh t
nhin t l 1/10.000, quy hoch h thng giao thng cn nghin cu quy hoch n
cp ng chnh khu vc;
+ Trong n quy hoch chung xy dng, nghin cu trn bn nn a hnh t l
1/5.000, quy hoch h thng giao thng cn nghin cu quy hoch n cp ng
khu vc;
+ Trong n quy hoch chung xy dng th loi V, nghin cu trn bn nn
a hnh t l 1/2.000 v i vi n quy hoch chi tit t l 1/2.000, quy hoch h
thng giao thng cn nghin cu quy hoch n cp ng phn khu vc;
+ Trong n quy hoch chi tit t l 1/500, quy hoch h thng giao thng cn
nghin cu quy hoch n ng trong nhm nh .
3) u mi v qung trng giao thng:
a) Ch giao nhau ca ng th:
- Ch giao nhau gia cc ng cp th c t chc nh sau:
+ ng cao tc, ng trc chnh v ng chnh cp th vi ng th
khc phi giao nhau khc cao;
+ v tr quan trng, ng cao tc v ng ph chnh cp th vi ng ph
lin khu vc v ng vn ti phi giao nhau khc cao. hng ph cho php
cc lung giao thng ct nhau;
+ Cc loi ng khc cho php t chc giao thng cng cao;
+ Bn knh quay theo tim ng ti u mi giao nhau khc cao i vi lung
r phi ti thiu l 75m, lung r tri l 30m.
- Khong tnh khng ch giao nhau khc cao gia cc ng -t phi m
bo 4,5m; gia ng -t vi ng st phi m bo 6,55 m i vi ng st kh
1.435 mm v 5,30 m i vi ng st kh 1.000 mm .
- Ch cho php thit k qung trng giao thng t iu khin (hnh trn, hnh elp
hay hnh ch nht, hnh vung vi cc gc trn) khi tng s xe -t cc hng t hn
4.000xe/h.
Kch thc qung trng giao thng hnh trn (o trn) ph thuc s ng giao
nhau v lu lng giao thng cc hng theo tnh ton, nhng bn knh cong ti thiu
ca o trn phi m bo 20,0m.
- Bn knh ng cong ca b va ti cc v tr giao nhau ca ng ph ti thiu
phi m bo:
+ Ti qung trng giao thng v ng ph cp th 15,0m;
+ ng ph cp khu vc 12,0m;
+ ng ph cp ni b 8,0m.
b) Di phn cch:
- Di phn cch l b phn ca ng dng phn lung giao thng thnh hai
chiu xe chy ring bit hoc phn chia gia phn ng ca xe c gii v xe th s.
- Chiu rng ti thiu ca di phn cch :

54
 + Trn ng cao tc: 5m;
+ Trn ng chnh cp th v ng vn ti: 4m;
+ Gia mt ng chnh cp th cho xe chy v ng ni b: 5m;
+ Trong iu kin min ni cht hp, chiu rng di phn cch gia mt ng
chnh cho xe chy v ng ni b cho php gim xung, nhng khng nh hn 3m;
+ Gia mt ng ph lin khu vc v ng ni b: 2m;
+ Gia mt ng cho -t chy v nn ng tu in: 2m.
- Chiu rng ti thiu ca di phn cch c ro chn trn ng cao tc l 4m, trn
ng chnh th v ng vn ti l 2m.
- i vi cc khu vc ci to, c php s dng di phn cch cng hoc mm, b
rng ti thiu 0,5m.
- Trn di phn cch trung tm c chiu rng nh hn 5m khng cho php b tr ct
in, bin qung co v cc cng trnh khc khng lin quan ti vic m bo an ton
giao thng.
c) Qung trng:
- i vi qung trng chnh b tr trung tm th khng cho php xe thng
qua; ch cho php cc phng tin giao thng vo phc v cc cng trnh qung trng.
- Trn qung trng trc cc cng trnh cng cng c nhiu ngi qua li, phi
tch ng i b v ng giao thng ni b ra khi ng giao thng chy thng qua.
Phn dnh cho giao thng ni b phi b tr bi xe v bn xe cng cng.
- Qung trng giao thng v qung trng trc cu, phi theo s t chc giao
thng.
- Qung trng nh ga cn t chc r rng phn lung hnh khch n v i, m
bo an ton cho hnh khch i n bn giao thng cng cng v n bi xe vi
khong cch ngn nht.
- Qung trng u mi cc cng trnh giao thng cn c quy hoch phn khu r
rng hnh khch c th chuyn t phng tin ny sang phng tin khc c thun
tin, nhanh chng v an ton.
d) Mng li giao thng vn ti hnh khch cng cng.
- phc v s i li ca nhn dn th loi III tr ln, cn ch yu pht trin
giao thng cng cng.
+ Khong cch gia cc tuyn giao thng cng cng ti thiu l 600m v ti a l
1.200m, khu trung tm th khong cch ny ti thiu l 400m.
+ Khong cch i b t ni , ni lm vic n bn xe cng cng khng qu 500m.
- Loi phng tin giao thng cng cng ph thuc vo loi th v khi lng
hnh khch. i vi cc th c s dn tnh ton trn 1 triu ngi, phi nghin cu h
thng ng st th (quy hoch h thng ng tu in ngm, ng tu in mt t
hoc trn cao).
- Mt mng li giao thng cng cng ph thuc vo c cu quy hoch th,
ti thiu phi t 2,0km/km2 t xy dng th. Khong cch gia cc bn giao thng
cng cng trong th c quy nh nh sau:

55
 + i vi bn -t but, -t in v tu in: khng ln hn 600m;
+ i vi bn -t but v -t in tc hnh, tu in cao tc ngm hoc trn cao:
ti thiu l 800m.
- Ti cc ch giao nhau gia cc tuyn ng giao thng cao tc v cc tuyn
ng c phng tin giao thng cng cng, cn b tr trm chuyn xe t phng tin
ny sang phng tin khc vi chiu di i b nh hn 200m.
- Bn xe -t but v -t in trn cc ng chnh c n tn hiu iu khin phi
b tr cch ch giao nhau t nht 20m. Chiu di bn xe mt tuyn, chy mt hng t
nht l 20m, trn tuyn c nhiu hng phi tnh ton c th, nhng khng ngn hn
30m. Chiu rng bn t nht l 3m.
- Bn giao thng cng cng cui cng ca tuyn cn phi c nh phc v cho cng
nhn v ch i cho hnh khch.
- Trn ng giao thng cao tc, bn xe -t but cao tc cn b tr cc trm c
bit ngoi phm vi mt ng xe chy, c di chuyn tip tc .
e) H thng ng st th
- H thng ng st th ngoi ng ph l h thng ng st cao tc, bao
gm tu in ngm, tu in nhanh. Trn c s nhu cu vn ti hnh khch cng cng,
phi xc nh v tr ga v cc tuyn ng st th ngoi ng ph. Ga tu in ngm
phi bo m kt ni v ng b, an ton cc cng trnh ngm v gia cng trnh ngm
vi cc cng trnh trn mt t.
- B rng ch gii ng quy hoch cho cc tuyn tu in chy trn mt t dc
cc tuyn ng th phi tnh n h thng ng st. B rng ti thiu ca hnh lang
tuyn tu in chy trn mt t l 10m.
4.3.3 Quy hoch cc cng trnh phc v giao thng trong th
- Trong cc khu th, n v v nhm nh phi dnh t b tr ch xe, ga-
ra. Trong khu cng nghip, kho tng phi b tr bi xe, ga-ra c xng sa cha.
- Bi xe, ch hng ha phi b tr gn ch, ga hng ha, cc trung tm thng
nghip v cc cng trnh khc c yu cu vn chuyn ln.
- Trong cc th ci to, cho php b tr bi xe -t con nhng ng ph
cm xe qua li v ng ph c chiu rng phn xe chy ln hn yu cu cn thit. B
rng di xe, nu dc theo phn xe chy phi m bo ti thiu 3m, nu u xe theo
gc t 45o-60o phi m bo ti thiu 6m.
- Bi xe cng cng ngm hoc ni phi b tr gn cc khu trung tm thng mi,
dch v, th dc th thao, vui chi gii tr v c kt ni lin thng vi mng li ng
ph. Khong cch i b ti a l 500m. Bi xe, ga-ra ngm phi bo m kt ni
tng thch v ng b, an ton cc cng trnh ngm v gia cng trnh ngm vi cc
cng trnh trn mt t.
- Bi , ga-ra -t but b tr ti cc im u v cui tuyn, quy m cn xc nh
theo nhu cu c th.
- -p tu in: ti cc im u, cui v kt ni tuyn cn b tr -p tu in c
th kt hp vi c s sa cha.
- Bi xe: din tch ti thiu cho mt ch ca mt s phng tin giao thng
c quy nh c th di y.

56
 + Xe -t con: 25m2
+ Xe my: 3m2
+ Xe p: 0,9m2
+ -t but: 40m2
+ -t ti: 30m2
- Ch xe: cc cng trnh phi c s ch xe ti thiu ph hp vi quy nh
bng 4.5 di y:
Bng 4.5: S ch xe -t con ti thiu
Loi nh Nhu cu ti thiu v ch -t
- Khch sn t 3 sao tr ln 4 phng/1 ch
- Vn phng cao cp, tr s c quan i ngoi 100m2 sn s dng/1ch
- Siu th, ca hng ln, trung tm hi ngh, trin lm,
100m2 sn s dng/1 ch
trng by
- Chung c cao cp 1 cn h/1,5 ch

- i vi cc cng trnh khch sn di 3 sao, tr s c quan, cng trnh dch v,

phi c s ch xe 50% quy nh trong bng trn.
4.3.4 Quy hoch m bo an ton giao thng th
1) Tm nhn: cng trnh xy dng, cy xanh khng c lm hn ch tm nhn v che
khut cc bin bo hiu, tn hiu iu khin giao thng.
Khong cch tm nhn mt chiu trn bnh v mt ct dc ph thuc vo tc
tnh ton, nhng ti thiu phi m bo:
- ng cao tc: 175m;
- ng cp th: 100m;
- ng cp khu vc: 75m;
- ng cp ni b: 40m.
2) Cc cng trnh cng cng c ng ngi ra vo, ch i, cc cng trnh trn h ph
nh ki-t, bn ch phng tin giao thng cng cng, bin qung co, cy xanh phi
khng c lm nh hng ti s thng sut v an ton ca giao thng.
3) Gc vt ti cc ni ng giao nhau
m bo tm nhn an ton khi lu thng trn ng ph, ti cc ng ng giao
nhau, cc cng trnh phi c ct vt theo quy nh ca quy hoch khu vc. Cn c vo
tc xe quy nh trn ng v quy chun xy dng ng b, tm nhn ti thiu phi
m bo 20m. Trong trng hp ch gii xy dng trng vi ch gii ng hoc
vic xy dng cng trnh theo ch gii xy dng, mc d c khong li so vi ch gii
ng nhng vn cha m bo yu cu v tm nhn ti thiu th mt tin ngi nh
cng cn c ct vt m bo tm nhn ti thiu.
4) H v ng i b

57
- Chiu rng ng i b qua mt ng xe chy cng cao phi m bo ln
hn 6m i vi ng chnh v ln hn 4m i vi ng khu vc.
- Khong cch gia 2 ng i b qua ng xe chy cng cao phi ln hn
300m i vi ng chnh v ln hn 200m i vi ng khu vc.
5) Cu vt, hm chui cho ngi i b phi c b tr ti: cc nt giao thng c lu
lng xe v ngi i b ln; nt giao thng khc cao; nt giao nhau gia ng th
vi ng st; cc v tr gn ga tu in ngm, im -t, sn vn ng.
- Khong cch gia cc hm v cu i b 500m.
- B rng ca hm v cu i b qua ng phi c thit k theo lu lng ngi
i b gi cao im, nhng phi ln hn 3m.

4.4 Quy hoch giao thng im dn c nng thn.

Quy hoch mng li ng giao thng im dn c nng thn phi m bo cc yu
cu sau:
- Ph hp vi cc quy hoch chung ca a phng (huyn, tnh), k tha v pht
trin mng li ng hin c cho ph hp vi nhu cu giao thng vn ti trc mt v
tng lai, kt ni lin hon vi h thng ng quc gia, ng tnh v ng huyn.
- Kt hp vi mng li quy hoch thu nng, quy hoch dn c v cc cng trnh
xy dng hin i ho nng nghip nng thn.
- Ph hp vi cc loi phng tin vn chuyn trc mt cng nh trong tng lai.
- m bo lin h thun tin vi h thng ng huyn, ng tnh to thnh mng
li ng hon chnh.
- m bo lin h trc tip thun li gia khu trung tm vi khu dn c, ni lin
khu dn c vi khu sn xut v gia cc im dn c vi nhau.
- Tn dng ti a hin trng, ph hp vi a hnh, gim thiu n b gii phng
mt bng, khi lng o p v cc cng trnh phi xy dng trn tuyn.
- Kt cu v b rng mt ng phi ph hp vi iu kin c th ca tng x v
yu cu k thut ng nng thn, p ng nhu cu trc mt cng nh yu cu pht
trin trong tng lai.
- Tn dng ti a h thng sng ngi, knh rch t chc mng li ng thu phc
v vn chuyn hng ho v hnh khch.
- B rng mt ct ng ni b trong khu dn c nng thn phi m bo 4m.

58
CHNG V. QUY HOCH CP NC

5.1 Khu vc bo v cng trnh cp nc

1) Khu vc bo v ngun nc
Xung quanh im ly nc ngun cp cho th phi c khu vc bo v ngun nc
quy nh nh trong bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1. Khu vc bo v ngun nc cp cho th (cc quy nh chnh)
Loi ngun nc Bn knh khu vc bo v
Ni dung cm
v khu vc bo v tnh t ngun nc (m)
Ngun nc mt: t im ly nc: Xy dng; x nc thi,
- Ln thng ngun 200 nc nng giang; chn
nui; tm git
- Xui h ngun 100
Ngun nc ngm: Xung quanh 25 Xy dng; o h phn,
ging khoan vi bn knh rc, h vi; chn nui,
rc
H cha, p nc:
- B h bng phng 300 Xy dng; chn nui;
trng cy n qu
- B h dc Ton khu vc

2) Khu vc bo v nh my, trm cp nc

- Trong phm vi 30m k t chn tng cc cng trnh x l phi xy tng ro bo
v bao quanh khu vc x l nc.
- Bn trong tng ro ny khng c xy dng nh , cng trnh vui chi, sinh
hot, v sinh, khng c bn phn cho cy trng v khng c chn nui sc vt.
3) Khu vc bo v ng ng cp nc ti thiu l 0,5m.

5.2 Quy hoch cp nc vng

Quy hoch cp nc vng cn m bo:
1) nh gi c hin trng cp nc cc th, cc im dn c nng thn v cc
khu cng nghip tp trung trong vng nghin cu v: s lng cc cng trnh cp nc
t tiu chun; s lng cc cng trnh cp nc cha t tiu chun; s dn c cp
nc sch.
2) D bo c nhu cu dng nc cho tng th; cc khu cng nghip tp trung
v cc im dn c nng thn (cho th trung tm huyn v th x tr ln i vi quy
hoch lin vng; cho th trn tr ln i vi quy hoch vng tnh).
3) Xc nh c ngun nc:
a) Chn ngun nc phi theo nhng quy nh ca c quan quy hoch v qun l ngun
nc. Cc ngun nc c s dng khng ph thuc vo ranh gii qun l hnh
chnh.

59
b) Xc nh c tr lng nc (bao gm ngun nc mt v nc di t). Lu
lng ngun nc (tr vng hi o v vng ni cao) phi gp ti thiu 10 ln nhu
cu s dng nc. Ring ngun nc mt, phi m bo lu lng thng hoc ngy l
95% i vi bc tin cy cp nc I; 90% i vi bc tin cy cp nc II v 85% i
vi bc tin cy cp nc III.
c) Yu cu v cht lng ngun nc th - mt s ch tiu chnh dng cho cc cng
trnh x l thng thng:
- cng, 0dH 12;
- Lng cn sy kh khng qu 1.000 mg/l;
- Khng c mi v l;
- mn khng qu 250 mg/l.
Khi phi s dng ngun nc c nhng yu t vt qu cc ch tiu trn th phi tm
bin php x l thch hp, bo m kinh t, ng thi phi c s chp thun ca
c quan qun l v dch t.
Cht lng nc dng cho sn xut phi cn c vo yu cu ca tng i tng dng
nc la chn.
d) Khi c ngun nc mt m bo yu cu trn th u tin s dng ngun nc mt.
e) Khng c php dng ngun nc ngm cp cho cc nhu cu khng c lin quan
n sinh hot. nhng vng khng c ngun nc no khc nhng c tr lng
nc ngm th cho php s dng nc ngm vo cc nhu cu khc nhng phi c
php ca c quan qun l ngun nc.
f) Cho php x l nc khong hoc nc bin cp cho n ung, sinh hot nhng
phi so snh kinh t k thut vi cc ngun nc khc.
g) Cho php dng nc a nhit cp cho n ung, sinh hot v sn xut nu m bo
nhng quy nh mc c. Nhit cao nht ca nc cp cho n ung sinh hot
khng qu 35oC.
h) Trong mt h thng cp nc c php s dng nhiu ngun nc c c im thu
vn v a cht thu vn khc nhau.
i) Phng n la chn ngun nc phi c nh gi ton din, da trn cc tiu ch
tr lng, cht lng, kh nng thc thi cc phng n cp nc v vn u t.
4) ra gii php cp nc:
- La chn ngun nc c th cho cc th v im dn c nng thn;
- Xc nh quy m cc cng trnh u mi v cng ngh x l nc s b cho cc
ngun nc;
- Xc nh gii php cp nc cho cc im dn c nng thn theo tng ngun
nc.

5.3 Quy hoch cp nc th

5.3.1 Quy hoch chung cp nc cho th
1) Quy hoch chung cp nc th cn m bo cc yu cu sau:

60
- Xc nh c tiu chun v nhu cu cp nc cho th theo bc tin cy cp
nc ca tng giai on;
- La chn ngun nc hp l;
- La chn c quy m v a im xy dng cc cng trnh u mi;
- Xc nh c cng ngh x l nc.
2) D bo nhu cu dng nc ca cc th cn m bo:
a) Thnh phn dng nc: h thng cung cp nc th phi m bo tho mn cc
yu cu v cht lng, p lc, lu lng nc cp cho cc nhu cu trong th, gm:
- Nc sinh hot cho ngi dn th (gm dn ni th v ngoi th);
- Nc sinh hot cho khch vng lai;
- Nc cho cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v: 10% lng nc sinh hot;
- Nc ti cy, ra ng: 8% lng nc sinh hot;
- Nc cho sn xut nh, tiu th cng nghip: 8% lng nc sinh hot;
- Nc cho cc khu cng nghip tp trung: xc nh theo loi hnh cng nghip,
m bo ti thiu 20m3/ha-ng cho ti thiu 60% din tch;
- Nc d phng, r r: i vi cc h thng nng cp ci to khng qu 30%, i
vi h thng xy mi khng qu 25% tng cc loi nc trn;
- Nc cho bn thn khu x l: ti thiu 4% tng lng nc trn.
b) Nhu cu cp nc sinh hot phi m bo cc quy nh theo bng 5.2.
Bng 5.2: Nhu cu cp nc sinh hot
Nhu cu dng nc
t u (10 nm) Di hn (20 nm)
Loi th T l cp nc Tiu chun T l cp nc Tiu chun
(% dn s) (lt/ngi-ng(*)) (% dn s) (lt/ngi-ng)
c bit 90 180 100 200
I 80 150 90 180
II 80 120 90 150
III, IV, V 80 80 90 100
Ghi ch: (*) ng. ngy m

- Nhu cu cp nc sinh hot ca dn c ngoi thnh v khch vng lai phi m

bo ti thiu 80% ch tiu cp nc sinh hot th tng ng.
- i vi khu dn c ch ly nc cc vi cng cng, yu cu v cp nc sinh
hot l 40 lt/ngi-ng.
c) Bc tin cy ca h thng cp nc, xem bng 5.3.
d) Xc nh ngun nc v la chn ngun cn m bo cc yu cu v v sinh ngun
nc cp cho sinh hot v m bo cung cp cho cc nhu cu dng nc ca th.
e) Quy hoch h thng cp nc:
- Cc cng trnh u mi cn xc nh c:

61
 + Trm bm ging (nu l ngun nc ngm): s lng ging, cc thng s k
thut, bin php ci to nng cng sut cc cng trnh c.
Bng 5.3: Bc tin cy ca h thng cp nc
TT c im h dng nc Bc tin cy
Cc x nghip luyn kim, ch bin du la, cng nghip ho hc, nh
my in, h thng cp nc sinh hot ca im dn c trn 50.000
1 I
ngi, c php gim lu lng cp nc khng qu 30% lu
lng tnh ton trong 3 ngy v ngng cp nc khng qu 10 pht
Cc x nghip khai thc m, ch to c kh v cc loi cng nghip
khc, h thng cp nc sinh hot ca im dn c n 50.000 ngi
2 II
c php gim lu lng nc cp khng qu 30% lu lng trong
10 ngy hoc ngng cp nc trong 6 gi.
Cc x nghip cng nghip nh, h thng ti nng nghip, h thng
3 cp nc ca khu cng nghip c php gim lu lng cp nc III
khng qu 30% trong 15 ngy v ngng cp nc trong 1 ngy.

+ Trm bm I (nu l ngun nc mt): cc thng s k thut, bin php ci to

nng cng sut cc cng trnh c. Cng trnh thu nc mt phi pha trn dng
chy so vi th, khu cng nghip, khu dn c tp trung.
- Cng trnh x l cn m bo:
+ u dng nc so vi khu dn c v khu vc sn xut;
+ Thu c lng nc tha mn yu cu trc mt v trong tng lai, c cht
lng nc tt v thun tin cho vic t chc bo v, v sinh ngun nc;
+ Phi ch c b, lng sng n nh, t b xi l bi p v thay i dng nc,
ch c iu kin a cht cng trnh tt v trnh c nh hng ca cc hin tng
thu vn khc nh: sng, thu triu...
- Yu cu v din tch ti thiu khu t xy dng trm x l nc theo bng 5.4.
- Cung cp in nng cho cc cng trnh u mi: cn xc nh ngun, tnh ton xy
dng cc trm bin p ring cp in cho cc trm bm ging, trm bm I v trm x l.
- Mng li ng ng: mng ng ng truyn ti chnh phi c thit k thnh
mch vng v c tnh ton thy lc p ng c lng nc chuyn v p lc
trong ng ng vo gi dng nc nhiu nht v khi c chy. Trong trng hp c i
nc iu ha, cn phi p ng c c trng hp nc ln i nhiu nht.
- p lc ti thiu cn thit ti cc im nt chnh (mng cp 1) l 8m i vi mng
li c v ci to, 15m i vi mng li xy mi hon ton. Nu p lc thp hn, cn
thay i my bm trong trm bm II (trong gii hn cho php) c c p lc yu cu
hoc xy dng trm bm tng p ti cc im bt li .
- Cp nc cha chy: lu lng v s lng cc m chy ng thi cn c tnh
tan ph hp vi quy m th. Lu lng nc cp cho mt m chy phi m bo
15l/s; s lng m chy ng thi cn c tnh tan 2; p lc t do trong mng li
cp nc cha chy phi m bo 10m.

62
 Bng 5.4: Din tch ti thiu khu t xy dng trm x l nc
Cng sut trm x l (1.000 m3/ng) Din tch ti thiu khu t (ha)
1 0,5
T 15 0,5
T >510 1,0
T >1030 2,0
T >3060 3,0
T >60120 4,0
T >120250 5,0
T >250400 7,0
T >400800 9,0
T >8001.200 13,0
T 1.200 tr ln 16,0

5.3.2 Quy hoch chi tit cp nc cho cc khu chc nng th

Quy hoch chi tit cp nc cho cc khu chc nng th cn m bo cc yu cu
sau:
1) D bo nhu cu dng nc:
- Nc sinh hot, d bo theo tiu chun ca th v theo quy hoch chung.
- Nc cng trnh cng cng v dch v c quy hoch ty theo tnh cht c th
ca cng trnh, ti thiu 2 lt/m2 sn-ng.
- Nc trng hc: ti thiu 20 lt/hc sinh-ng
- Nc cc trng mu gio, mm non: ti thiu 100lt/chu-ng.
- Nc ti vn hoa, cng vin: ti thiu 3 lt/m2-ng.
- Nc ra ng: ti thiu 0,5 lt/m2-ng.
2) Xc nh ngun nc:
- Trng hp khu vc thit k chi tit nm trong quy hoch chung c duyt,
cn kim tra lu lng ng ng dn chnh i qua khu vc thit k. Nu lu lng nc
khng , cn thay i ng knh ng dn chnh.
- Trng hp cha c mng li quy hoch chung, phi thc hin cc bc nh
mt n quy hoch chung.
3) Mng li ng ng cn c quy hoch m bo an ton cp nc.
4) Kim tra p lc: da trn p lc mng quy hoch chung kim tra v a ra bin
php bo m p lc cp nc.
5) Cp nc cha chy:
- Phi tn dng cc sng h, ao d tr nc cha chy; phi m bo c
lng nc d tr ti mi thi im v c ng cho xe cha chy ti ly nc. Chiu
su mt nc so vi mt t khng ln qu 4m v chiu dy lp nc khng nh hn
0,5m.

63
- Trn mng ng cp nc th, dc theo cc ng ph phi b tr cc hng ly
nc cha chy (tr ni hoc hng ngm di mt t), m bo cc quy nh v khong
cch nh sau:
+ Khong cch ti a gia cc hng: ti khu trung tm th loi c bit, loi I v
loi II, khu c mt dn c cao l 150m; ti cc khu vc khc l 150m.
+ Khong cch ti thiu gia hng v tng cc ngi nh l 5m.
+ Khong cch ti a gia hng v mp ng (trng hp hng c b tr bn
ng, khng nm di lng ng) l 2,5m.
- Hng cha chy phi c b tr ni thun tin cho vic ly nc cha chy
nh: ng ba, ng t ng ph.
- ng knh ng dn nc cha chy ngoi nh phi khng nh hn 100mm.

5.4 Quy hoch cp nc im dn c nng thn

5.4.1 Nhu cu cp nc im dn c nng thn
Nc cp trong cc im dn c x gm:
- Nc dng trong sinh hot, n ung cho ngi dn sng trong cc im dn c
bao gm nc dng cho cc cng trnh phc v cng cng nh nh tr, trng hc, trm
y t, nh vn ha, tr s...
- Nc dng cho cc tri chn nui gia cm, gia sc
- Nc dng cho cc c s sn xut ch bin nng sn v cc cng nghip khc
5.4.2 Tiu chun cp nc ti thiu dng cho sinh hot
Khi lp n quy hoch cp nc tp trung cho im dn c nng thn, cn m
bo yu cu cp nc nh sau:
- Nh c thit b v sinh v ng ng cp thot nc: 80 lt/ngi/ngy;
- Nh ch c ng ng dn n v vi nc gia nh: 60 lt/ngi/ngy;
- Ly nc vi cng cng: 40lt/ngi/ngy.
5.4.3 Ngun nc
1) Cn tn dng cc ngun nc khc nhau: nc ngm mch nng, mch su, nc
ma, nc mt (sng, sui, ging thm).
2) Khi cht lng nc ngun khng m bo tiu chun v sinh ca nc cp cho
sinh hot theo quy nh (xem ph lc 7), phi c bin php x l nc thch hp vi tng
ngun nc.
3) Bo v v sinh ngun nc.
a) i vi ngun nc ngm:
- Trong khu t c bn knh 20m tnh t ging, khng c xy dng cc cng trnh
lm nhim bn ngun nc;
- Ging nc dng cho cc h gia nh phi cch xa nh x, ni chn nui;
- i vi cc ging nc cng cng, phi chn ni c ngun nc tt, xy thnh
ging cao v lt xung quanh.

64
b) i vi ngun nc mt: trong khong 200m tnh t im ly nc v pha thng
lu v 100m v pha h lu, khng c xy dng cc cng trnh gy nhim ngun
nc.

65
CHNG VI. QUY HOCH THOT NC THI, QUN L CHT
THI RN V NGHA TRANG
6.1 Cc quy nh chung
6.1.1 Quy hoch h thng thot nc thi
1) Quy nh v quy hoch tiu thot nc
H thng thot nc th phi :
- m bo thu gom ht cc loi nc thi ca th (nc thi sinh hot, nc thi
sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v).
- p dng cc bin php x l nc thi ph hp; nc sau khi x l thi t tiu
chun mi trng.
2) La chn loi h thng thot nc
- H thng thot nc (h thng chung, h thng ring hoc h thng thot nc
na ring) phi ph hp vi quy m th, yu cu v sinh, iu kin t nhin (a hnh,
kh hu, thy vn...), hin trng th v hin trng h thng thot nc.
- Quy nh la chn h thng thot nc:
+ Cc khu th xy dng mi phi xy dng h thng thot nc ring.
+ Cc khu vc th c c mng li thot nc chung phi s dng h thng
thot nc na ring hoc ci to ng b thnh h thng thot nc ring.
- Thot nc thi cho cng trnh ngm: quy hoch h thng cng thot nc thi
ring, phi thu gom ht lng nc thi x l. Trm bm nc thi phi c my bm
d phng v phi c hai ngun in c lp cp in cho my bm.
- Thot nc thi cho vng hi o: quy hoch h thng thot nc thi ring, phi
thu gom v x l nc thi trit . Nc thi sau khi x l t yu cu v mi trng c
th ti s dng cho mc ch khc (ti cy, nui thy sn nc ngt, d phng b sung
cho ngun nc cp sinh hot ti cc vng khan him ngun nc cp...).
3) Quy nh x nc thi
- Nc thi cng nghip khi x vo cc ngun nc mt hoc cng th phi c
cht lng t cc yu cu v mi trng theo cc quy nh chuyn ngnh (ph lc 8).
- Nc thi sinh hot t cc khu v sinh trong nh , nh cng cng, phi c x
l qua b t hoi xy dng ng quy cch trc khi x vo cng nc thi th. Nu x
vo cng nc ma, phi x l ring t yu cu mi trng.
- Nc thi bnh vin phi c tch lm hai loi:
+ Nc thi sinh hot ca bnh nhn, ca cn b cng nhn vin y t phi c x
l qua b t hoi xy dng ng quy cch, trc khi x vo cng nc thi th.
Nu x vo cng nc ma phi x l ring t yu cu mi trng.
+ Nc thi y t nguy hi phi c x l ring, t tiu chun mi trng trc khi
x ra cng that nc thi th.
- V tr im x nc thi:
+ Nc thi sau khi lm sch x vo ngun nc mt phi x ti im cui dng
chy so vi th v cc khu dn c tp trung.

66
 + V tr x phi c xc nh da trn cc tnh ton tc ng mi trng, ph hp
vi: cht lng nc thi sau khi lm sch; c im v quy hoch s dng ngun
nc tip nhn nc thi; quy hoch cc th, khu cng nghip, khu dn c c lin
quan n bo v ngun nc.
4) Quy nh thu gom nc thi:
- Thu gom nc thi sinh hot phi t 80% tiu chun cp nc sinh hot.
- Thu gom nc thi cng nghip phi t 80% tiu chun cp nc cho cng
nghip (ty theo loi hnh cng nghip).
- Nc thi cng nghip phi c phn loi (nc nhim bn, khng nhim bn,
nc c hi ...) trc khi thu gom v c gii php x l ring.
5) Quy nh v x l nc thi:
- Nc thi sinh hot th, khu cng nghip, lng ngh phi c thu gom v x
l ring, m bo cc quy nh hin hnh v mi trng.
- Bn thi t h thng x l nc thi phi c thu gom, vn chuyn bng xe
chuyn dng n cc c s x l cht thi rn x l.
- Bn thi c cha cc cht nguy hi t h thng x l nc thi phi c thu gom,
vn chuyn ring bng xe chuyn dng n cc im x l tp trung cht thi nguy hi.
6) Quy nh khong cch an ton v mi trng (ATVMT) ca trm bm, trm x l
nc thi:
- Yu cu v khong cch ATVMT ti thiu gia trm bm, lm sch nc thi vi
khu dn c, x nghip thc phm, bnh vin, trng hc v cc cng trnh xy dng khc
trong th c quy nh trong bng 6.1.
- Trong khong cch ATVMT phi trng cy xanh vi chiu rng 10m.
- i vi loi trm bm nc thi s dng my bm th chm t trong ging ga kn
th khng cn khong cch ATVMT, nhng phi c ng thng hi x mi hi (x cao
3m).
7) Quy nh b tr h thng thot nc thi
- khu vc ng ph c, va h nh hp, khng th o va h t cng, c t
cng lng ng.
- cc ng ph xy dng mi, phi t cng thot nc dc theo va h trong
ho k thut.
- cc ng ph c chiu rng 7m, phi b tr cng thu nc thi dc hai bn
ng.
8) B tr trm x l nc thi (XLNT)
- V tr b tr cc trm XLNT yu cu chn cui ngun tip nhn theo chiu dng
chy, cui hng gi chnh ca th, khu vc c t cho d phng m rng.
- Trng hp c bit, khi trm lm sch nc thi hoc sn phi bn bt buc phi
t u hng gi chnh ca th, khong cch ATVMT trong bng 6.1 phi tng ln
ti thiu 1,5 ln.

67
Bng 6.1: Khong cch an ton v sinh mi trng ti thiu
Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu (m) ng vi
cng sut (m3/ngy)
TT Loi cng trnh 5.000
< 200 200 - 5.000 >50.000
50.000
(m / ngy) (m3/ngy)
3
(m3/ngy)
(m3/ngy)
1 Trm bm nc thi 15 20 25 30
2 Trm lm sch nc thi:
a Lm sch c hc, c sn phi bn 100 200 300 400
b Lm sch sinh hc nhn to, c sn 100 150 300 400
phi bn
c Lm sch sinh hc khng c sn phi 10 15 30 40
bn, c my lm kh bn, c thit b
x l mi hi, xy dng kn
d Khu t lc ngm nc thi 100 150 300 500
e Khu t ti cy xanh, nng nghip 50 200 400 1000
f H sinh hc 50 200
g Mng xy ha 50 150

6.1.2 Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn

1) Quy nh chung
- Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn l quy hoch chuyn ngnh xy dng, bao gm:
iu tra, kho st, d bo chi tit ngun v tng lng pht thi cc loi cht thi rn
thng thng v nguy hi; xc nh v tr v quy m cc trm trung chuyn, phm vi thu
gom, vn chuyn; xc nh v tr, quy m c s x l cht thi rn trn c s xut cng
ngh x l thch hp; xy dng k hoch v ngun lc nhm thu gom v x l trit
cht thi rn;
- Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn bao gm: quy hoch vng lin tnh; quy hoch
vng tnh. Quy hoch qun l cht thi rn vng lin tnh ch xt n cc th, khu cng
nghip, khu kinh t, khu du lch, khu lch s-vn ha c ngha lin vng, l ng lc
pht trin vng.
- Cht thi rn nguy hi phi c thu gom, vn chuyn v x l ring, ph hp vi
quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng.
2) Quy nh v la chn a im xy dng c s x l cht thi rn
- Cc c s x l cht thi rn ca th phi c b tr ngoi phm vi th,
cui hng gi chnh, cui dng chy ca sng sui. Xung quanh c s x l cht thi
rn phi trng cy xanh cch ly.
- Khng c b tr cc c s x l cht thi rn ca th vng thng xuyn b
ngp nc, vng cax-t, vng c vt t gy kin to.

68
- Khi chn a im xy dng c s x l cht thi rn, phi nghin cu kh nng
phc v cho lin vng cc th gn nhau, to thun li cho u t h tng k thut,
gim nhu cu chim t v gim nhim mi trng.
- Trong vng ATVMT ca c s x l cht thi rn, c th thc hin cc hot ng
lm nghip, xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, thy li, tuyn v trm in, h thng
thot nc v x l nc thi.
3) Cng ngh x l cht thi rn
- Cng ngh x l cht thi rn d kin la chn trong c s x l cht thi rn phi
hiu qu, ph hp vi iu kin kinh t, khng gy nhim ngun nc ngm, nc mt
v mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
- T l cht thi rn c x l bng cng ngh chn lp khng vt qu 15% tng
lng cht thi rn thu gom c. T l cht thi rn c x l bng cc cng ngh
khc (ti ch, ti s dng, ch bin phn hu c) 85%.
4) Thu gom cht thi rn
a) T l thu gom cht thi rn c quy nh trong bng 6.2.
Bng 6.2: T l thu gom cht thi rn
Lng thi cht thi rn pht sinh T l thu gom CTR
Loi th
(kg/ngi-ngy) (%)
c bit, I 1,3 100
II 1,0 95
III-IV 0,9 90
V 0,8 85

b) Yu cu i vi trm trung chuyn cht thi rn

- Phi b tr trm trung chuyn cht thi rn nhm tip nhn v vn chuyn ht khi
lng cht thi rn trong phm vi bn knh thu gom n khu x l tp trung trong thi
gian khng qu 2 ngy m;
- Ti mi trm trung chuyn cht thi rn: c bi xe v sinh chuyn dng; phi
c h thng thu gom nc rc v x l s b;
- Khong cch ATMT ca trm trung chuyn cht thi rn 20m.
5) Quy nh khong cch ATVMT ca c s x l cht thi rn
- Bi chn lp cht thi rn hn hp (v c v hu c) hp v sinh, phi c khong
cch ATVMT nh nht gia hng ro bi chn lp cht thi rn n chn cc cng trnh
xy dng khc 1.000m.
- Khong cch ATVMT nh nht gia bi chn lp cht thi rn v c n chn cc
cng trnh xy dng khc 100m.
- Nh my x l cht thi rn (t c x l kh thi, sn xut phn hu c): khong
cch ATVMT nh nht gia nh my x l cht thi rn n chn cc cng trnh xy
dng khc l 500m.

69
- Chiu rng ca di cy xanh cch ly ngoi hng ro 20m tnh t hng ro c s
x l cht thi rn.
6) Cht thi rn nguy hi phi c phn loi, thu gom v x l ring.
6.1.3 Quy hoch ngha trang cho th
1) Yu cu v a im xy dng ngha trang
- Khi la chn a im ngha trang, phi nghin cu kh nng phc v cho lin
vng, lin th;
- Ngha trang xy dng mi phi b tr ngoi th, ph hp vi quy hoch pht
trin th hoc dn c nng thn, khng nh hng n mi trng dn c xung quanh,
khng nh hng n ngun nc cp cho sinh hot, cui hng gi so vi khu dn c;
- Ngha trang hung tng, ngha trang chn ct mt ln khng c b tr trong ni
th;
- Cc ngha trang hin c trong th khng t tiu chun mi trng phi ngng
s dng v c k hoch di chuyn.
2) Yu cu v tng mt bng ngha trang:
- Mt bng ngha trang phi m bo t b tr cho cc khu vc: mai tng, h thng
thu gom v x l nc thi t khu m hung tng, ng i, nh qun trang, sn hnh l,
cy xanh, hng ro thch hp v h thng bin bo nhn bit m ch.
- i vi ngha trang hn hp, phi c cc khu vc mai tng khc nhau (hung tng,
ct tng, ha tng), khu vc dnh ring cho tr em, tn gio...
3) Quy nh v s dng t ngha trang:
- Quy m s dng t ngha trang cn c d bo trn c s d bo v dn s
th. Ch tiu s dng t cho mt phn m:
+ M hung tng, chn ct 1 ln: 5m2/m;
+ M ci tng: 3m2/m.
- T l s dng t trong ngha trang:
+ Ngha trang hung tng v chn ct mt ln: ti a 70% din tch t dng chn
ct; ti thiu 30% din tch t cho cng trnh giao thng v cc cng trnh ph tr.
+ Ngha trang ct tng: ti a 50% din tch t dng chn ct; ti thiu 50% din
tch t cho cng trnh giao thng v cc cng trnh ph tr.
4) Quy nh khong cch ATVMT ca ngha trang:
Khong cch ATVMT nh nht t ngha trang n ng bao khu dn c, trng
hc, bnh vin, cng s... c quy nh nh sau:
- Vng ng bng:
+ Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu ca ngha trang hung tng l 1.500m khi cha c
h thng thu gom v x l nc thi t m hung tng, v 500m khi c h thng thu
gom v x l nc thi t m hung tng;
+ Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu ca ngha trang ct tng: 100m.
- Vng trung du, min ni :

70
 + Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu ca ngha trang hung tng l 2.000m khi cha c
h thng thu gom v x l nc thi t m hung tng, v 500m khi c h thng thu
gom v x l nc thi t m hung tng;
+ Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu ca ngha trang ct tng: 100m.
- i vi ngha trang chn ct mt ln, khong cch ATVMT ti thiu 500m.
- Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu t ngha trang hung tng n cng trnh khai thc
nc sinh hot tp trung l 2.500m.
- Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu t ngha trang n mp nc gn nht ca mt
nc (sng, h, bin) khng dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot:
+ i vi ngha trang hung tng: 300m;
+ i vi ngha trang ct tng: 100m.
- Khong cch ATVMT ti thiu t ngha trang hung tng ti ng giao thng
vnh ai th, ng st l 200m v phi c cy xanh bao quanh ngha trang.
- Khong cch ATVMT nh nht t cng trnh ha tng xy dng mi n khu dn
c, cng trnh cng cng v dn dng gn nht: 500m.
- Trong vng ATVMT ca ngha trang c thc hin cc hot ng canh tc nng,
lm nghip, c xy dng cc cng trnh h tng k thut nh giao thng, thy li,
tuyn v trm in, h thng thot nc, truyn ti xng du...;
5) Quy nh v thu gom v x l cht thi ca ngha trang:
- Cht thi rn phi c thu gom v x l m bo v sinh mi trng.
- Phi c h thng thu gom nc thm t cc khu m hung tng x l tp trung
hp v sinh, trc khi x ra mi trng.
- V tr khu x l nc thi t khu m hung tng phi h lu ngun tip nhn
nc thi, ni c nn a hnh thp nht ca ngha trang.
6) Nh tang l:
- Mi th phi c ti thiu mt nh tang l.
- Mt nh tang l phc v ti a 250.000 dn.
- a im nh tang l xy dng mi phi khng nh hng xu n cc hot ng
ca cc khu chc nng khc v giao thng ni th.
- Khong cch ATVMT nh nht t nh tang l xy dng mi:
+ n cng trnh nh : 100m;
+ n ch, trng hc, bnh vin: 200m.
- Mi nh tang l c khun vin ti thiu l 10.000m2.
6.1.4 Quy hoch nh v sinh cng cng
- Trn cc trc ph chnh, khu thng mi, cng vin, ch, bn xe, ni sinh hot
cng cng, phi b tr nh v sinh cng cng.
- Khong cch gia hai nh v sinh cng cng trn ng ph chnh 1,5km.
- Cc im xe but chnh phi c nh v sinh cng cng.
- Ti cc khu vc c gi tr c bit v cnh quan th hoc qu t hn ch, cn
xy nh v sinh cng cng ngm.

71
- Trong cc cng trnh cao tng c th s dng mt phng ca tng 1 (trt) b tr
nh v sinh cng cng v c bin bo ch dn.
- Ti cc trm xng du ngoi th phi c nh v sinh cng cng cch xa ni
cha xng 10m.
- Trong cc cng trnh ngm c s hot ng ca con ngi (ga xe in ngm, siu
th ngm, ga-ra -t, phng n, ung gii kht...), phi c bung v sinh cng cng vi
bin bo, ch dn. Nc thi sau b t hoi phi c bm ti cng nc thi ca th.

6.2 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang vng
Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang trong quy hoch xy dng
vng cn m bo cc yu cu sau y:
- Xc nh c cc ch tiu nc thi, cht thi rn, t ngha trang;
- D bo c tng khi lng nc thi, cht thi rn (thng thng, nguy hi);
- D bo c nhu cu t cho cng trnh x l nc thi, cht thi rn, ngha trang;
- La chn h thng thot nc thi;
- Xc nh v tr, quy m c s x l cht thi rn thng thng v nguy hi, ngha
trang v khu x l nc thi phc v cho vng;
- xut cng ngh x l nc thi, cht thi rn;
- xut cc cng ngh tng thch hp.

6.3 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang th
6.3.1 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang trong quy hoch
chung xy dng
Quy hoch chung xy dng h thng thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang
ca ton b th cn m bo cc yu cu sau y:
- Xc nh c ch tiu nc thi, cht thi rn, t ngha trang cho th;
- D bo tng lng nc thi, cht thi rn, nhu cu t ngha trang;
- La chn v quy hoch mng li thot nc thi (trm bm, trm x l nc
thi);
- xut cng ngh x l nc thi;
- Xc nh v tr v d bo nhu cu t xy dng cc cng trnh u mi (x l nc
thi, cht thi rn);
- Phm vi thu gom, cng ngh x l cht thi rn;
- Xc nh v tr, quy m trm trung chuyn, c s x l cht thi rn;
- Xc nh v tr, qui m nh tang l, ngha trang, cng ngh tng;
6.3.2 Quy hoch thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang v nh v sinh
cng cng trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng
Quy hoch chi tit xy dng h thng thot nc thi, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang
v nh v sinh cng cng cn m bo cc yu cu sau y:
- Xc nh tiu chun v khi lng nc thi, cht thi rn;

72
- Quy hoch h thng thot nc v cng trnh x l nc thi;
- Xc nh quy m cng trnh x l v cng ngh x l nc thi;
- Phm vi thu gom, quy m trm trung chuyn v cng ngh x l cht thi rn;
- Xc nh v tr, quy m nh tang l;
- Xc nh v tr cc nh v sinh cng cng.

6.4 Quy hoch thot nc, qun l cht thi rn, ngha trang im dn c nng thn
6.4.1 Thot nc
- Cc im dn c nng thn tp trung phi c h thng thot nc ma v nc
thi sinh hot.
- Cn tn dng cc ao h, knh, rch, thot nc v lm sch nc thi t nhin.
Cho php s dng h thng thot nc ma thot nc thi x l qua b t hoi.
- Nc thi t cc lng ngh b nhim bn v gy c hi phi c phn loi v x
l t yu cu v mi trng trc khi x ra ngun tip nhn.
- Ti thiu phi thu gom t 80% lng nc cp x l.
6.4.2 Qun l cht thi rn
- Phi xy dng nh x hp v sinh, khng x phn trc tip xung h, ao, hm c.
- Chung tri chn nui gia sc phi cch nh v ng i chung t nht 5m v c
cy xanh che chn. Phn, nc tiu t chung, tri chn nui phi c thu gom v c
gii php x l ph hp (chn lp hoc kn);
- Cht thi rn t h gia nh phi c phn loi, thu gom v x l:
+ Cht thi hu c: dng cho chn nui gia sc; x l bng cch chn lp cng vi
phn gia sc trong t rung, vn lm phn bn cho nng nghip;
+ Cht thi v c: x l tp trung (ti ch, chn lp).
6.4.3 Ngha trang
- Ngha trang xy dng mi phi t cch khu ti thiu 500m, ti v tr yn tnh,
cao ro, khng st l.
- Cn tn dng t g, i, t khng thun li cho canh tc lm ngha trang.
- Ngha trang cn c thit k quy hoch ng i, cy xanh, ngn ro thch hp.

73
CHNG VII. QUY HOCH CP IN

7.1 Cc yu cu i vi qui hoch cp in

Quy hoch h thng cung cp in phi p ng y cc nhu cu v phi bo m
tin cy v cp in cho tng loi h dng in.
1) Cc loi h dng in v yu cu:
- H loi 1, gm: cc c quan quan trng (nh Quc hi, nh lm vic ca Ch tch
nc, ca Th tng Chnh ph), ni tp trung ng ngi, phng cp cu, phng m,
trung tm pht thanh, truyn hnh, trung tm thng tin lin lc, nh my ha cht, l
luyn kim, l nung clanh-ke
Yu cu: phi m bo cung cp in lin tc, thi gian mt in khng c qu thi
gian thit b t ng ng ngun in d phng.
- H loi 2, gm: cc cng trnh cng cng ca th, khu nh trn 5 tng, nh
my nc, cng trnh lm sch cht thi v cc h tiu th in tp trung c cng sut t
4000KW tr ln.
Yu cu: phi m bo cp in lin tc, thi gian mt in khng qu thi gian thit
b ng ngun in d phng bng tay lm vic.
- H loi 3, gm: nhng h dng in cn li.
Yu cu: thi gian mt in cho php khng qu 12 gi, khng yu cu c ngun d
phng.
2) Yu cu i vi ngun in:
- Cc nh my nhit in v cc trm ngun 500KV phi b tr gn cc trung tm
ph ti in ln, gn cc li in cao p quc gia, gn cc u mi giao thng ln nh
bn cng, ng quc l, ng st, ni thun tin cho cc tuyn in u ni vi nh
my in, trm in; khng t trong khu vc ni th, ni b ngp lt v phi tun th cc
yu cu v v sinh mi trng.
- Cc trm ngun 220KV phi t khu vc ngoi th. Trng hp bt buc phi
a su vo ni th, khng t ti cc trung tm th v phi c din tch t trm,
c cc hnh lang a cc tuyn in cao v trung p ni vi trm. Nu t trm gn
cc trung tm th ca cc thnh ph ln loi I hoc loi c bit, phi dng trm kn.
- Cc trm 110KV t trong khu vc ni th cc th t loi II n loi c bit
phi dng trm kn.
3) Quy nh i vi li in:
- Khng quy hoch cc tuyn in 500KV i xuyn qua ni th cc th.
- Li in cao p 110KV v 220KV i trong ni th ca cc th t loi II n
loi c bit phi i ngm.
- Khi quy hoch li in cao p phi tun th cc quy nh ca Lut in lc v
quy hoch pht trin in lc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt v cc
quy nh hin hnh v bo v an ton cng trnh li in cao p (xem ph lc s 17).
7.2 Quy hoch cp in vng
1) Ph ti in

74
 Trong cc n quy hoch xy dng vng, ph ti in gm: ph ti in cc th,
cc im dn c nng thn, cc khu kinh t, cc khu c th, cc khu sn xut (cng
nghip, nng nghip) c qui m ln c trong vng quy hoch.
2) Ngun in
- Vi cc n quy hoch xy dng vng lin tnh, vng th ln, ngun in l
cc nh my in hoc cc trm bin p ngun t 220KV tr ln; li in truyn ti t
220KV tr ln c kh nng cung cp cho vng.
- Vi cc n quy hoch xy dng vng tnh, ngun in l cc nh my in, cc
trm bin p ngun t 110KV tr ln; li in truyn ti t 110KV tr ln c kh nng
cung cp cho vng.
- Vi cc n quy hoch xy dng vng huyn, vng lin huyn, ngun in l
cc trm bin p ngun t 35KV tr ln; li in t 35KV tr ln c kh nng cung cp
cho vng.
3) Li in
- n quy hoch xy dng vng lin tnh: quy hoch li in t 220KV tr ln.
- n quy hoch xy dng vng tnh: quy hoch li in t 110KV tr ln.
- n quy hoch vng huyn, lin huyn: quy hoch li in t 22KV tr ln.
7.3 Quy hoch cp in th
7.3.1 Quy hoch chung cp in
1) Ph ti in
- Trong cc n quy hoch xy dng th, ph ti in gm ph ti in sinh
hot, ph ti in cng trnh cng cng v dch v cng cng, ph ti in sn xut (cng
nghip, nng nghip v.v...) c trong th. Mi loi ph ti in c d bo trn c s
cc ch tiu cp in.
- Khi lp cc n quy hoch chung xy dng th, cc ch tiu cp in ti thiu
c quy nh trong cc bng di y.
Bng 7.1: Ch tiu cp in sinh hot (theo ngi)
Giai on u Giai on di hn
(10 nm) (sau 10 nm)
TT Ch tiu th th
loi th th th loi th th th
c loi loi loi c loi loi loi
bit I II-III IV-V bit I II-III IV-V
1 in nng
(KWh/ngi.nm) 1400 1100 750 400 2400 2100 1500 1000
2 S gi s dng cng
2800 2500 2500 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000
sut ln nht (h/nm)
3 Ph ti (W/ngi) 500 450 300 200 800 700 500 330

75
Bng 7.2: Ch tiu cp in cng trnh cng cng
th loi th loi th loi th loi
Loi th c bit I II-III IV-V
in cng trnh cng cng (tnh
50 40 35 30
bng % ph ti in sinh hot)

- Ch tiu in cng nghip (sn xut cng nghip, kho tng): i vi cc khu cng
nghip c, nhu cu cp in c d bo theo yu cu thc t ang s dng hoc d
kin m rng. i vi cc khu cng nghip d kin xy dng mi, cha bit quy m,
cng sut ca tng nh my x nghip, ch bit quy m t xy dng, cc ch tiu quy
nh ti bng 7.3.
Bng 7.3: Ch tiu cp in cho sn xut cng nghip, kho tng
TT Loi cng nghip Ch tiu (KW/ha)
1 Cng nghip nng (luyn gang, luyn thp, sn xut t, sn xut 350
my ci, cng nghip ha du, ha cht, phn bn), sn xut xi
mng
2 Cng nghip vt liu xy dng khc, c kh 250
3 Cng nghip ch bin lng thc, thc phm, in t, vi tnh, dt 200
4 Cng nghip giy da, may mc 160
5 Cm cng nghip nh, tiu cng nghip 140
6 Cc c s sn xut th cng nghip 120
7 Kho tng 50

i vi cc khu, cm cng nghip khi bit quy m cng sut ca tng nh my, x
nghip, nhu cu cp in cn c d bo theo sut tiu hao in nng trn n v sn
phm.
2) Ngun in: cc nh my in v cc trm bin p ngun t 110KV tr ln.
3) Li in c phn theo cp th nh sau:
- i vi cc th t loi I n loi c bit, quy hoch li in t 110KV tr ln
cho ton th, qui hoch li in t 22KV tr ln cho tng qun, huyn.
- i vi cc th cn li, quy hoch t li 22KV tr ln cho ton th.
7.3.2 Quy hoch chi tit cp in
1) Quy hoch cp in:
- Ph ti in, bao gm: ph ti in sinh hot, ph ti in ca tng cng trnh
cng cng, ph ti in sn xut(nu c), ph ti in khu cy xanh-cng vin, ph ti
in chiu sng cng cng. Ph ti in c tnh ton trn c s cc ch tiu cp in,
ch tiu cp in tnh ton khng nh hn cc ch tiu trong cc bng sau:

76
Bng 7.4: Ch tiu in sinh hot (theo h)
c im khu dn c Ch tiu (kW/h)
Khu nh thp tng (12 tng) ci to hoc xy mi 2
Khu nh lin k hoc khu chung c cao 45 tng 3
Khu nh chung c cao tng (9 tng) 4
Khu nh bit th 5

Bng 7.5: Ch tiu cp in cng trnh cng cng, dch v (khi c d bo quy m xy
dng cc cng trnh)
TT Tn ph ti Ch tiu cp in
1 Vn phng
- Khng c iu ha nhit 20W/m2 sn
- C iu ha nhit 30W/m2 sn
2 Trng hc
- Nh tr, mu gio
+ Khng c iu ha nhit 0,15kW/chu
+ C iu ha nhit 0,2kW/chu
- Trng hc ph thng
+ Khng c iu ha nhit 0,1kW/HS
+ C iu ha nhit 0,15kW/HS
- Trng i hc
+ Khng c iu ha nhit 15W/m2 sn
+ C iu ha nhit 25W/m2 sn
3 Ca hng, siu th, ch, trung tm thng mi, dch v
+ Khng c iu ha 20W/m2 sn
+ C iu ha 30W/m2sn
4 Nh ngh, khch sn
- Nh ngh, khch sn hng 1 sao 2kW/ging
- Khch sn hng 23 sao 2,5kW/ging
- Khch sn hng 45 sao 3,5kW/ging
5 Khi khm cha bnh (cng trnh y t)
- Bnh vin cp quc gia 2,5kW/ging bnh
- Bnh vin cp tnh, thnh ph 2 kW/ging bnh
- Bnh vin cp qun, huyn 1,5 kW/ging bnh
6 Rp ht, rp chiu bng, rp xic
- C iu ha nhit 25 W/m2

77
Bng 7.6: Tr s chi, ri cc loi ng ph
Cp chi ti
Tc thit k ri ti thiu
ng Loi ng ph thiu
(Km/h) (Lx)
ph ( Cd/m2)
1.ng cao tc
- Cp 120 120 1,5
Cp - Cp 100 100 1,2
- Cp 80 80 1,0
th 2. ng trc chnh th 80100 1,2
3. ng chnh th 80100 1,0
4. ng lin khu vc 6080 0,8
Cp 5. ng chnh khu vc 5060 0,6
khu 6. ng khu vc 4050 0,4
vc
Cp 7. ng phn khu vc 40 0,20,4
ni 8. ng nhm nh , vo nh 2030 5
b

Bng 7.7: ri cho cc loi ng i xe p, i b.

TT Loi ng ri (Lx)
1 ng i b ti cc trung tm th 5
2 ng ginh cho ngi i xe p, i b cc khu vc khc
vi lu lng ngi qua li:
a - Cao 3
b - Trung bnh 1,5
c - Thp 1
3 Va h ng c mt ct ngang ln hn 5m 3

Bng 7.8: ri chiu sng cng vin, vn hoa

TT i tng chiu sng En (lx)
Cng vin Vn hoa
1 Cng
- Cng vo chnh 7 -
- Cng vo ph 5 -
2 ng do
- ng trc chnh 5 3
- ng nhnh, ng do c nhiu cy xanh 2 1
3 Sn t chc cc hot ng ngoi tri 5 5

Bng 7.9: Quy nh ri v chi chiu sng b mt cc cng trnh kin trc

78
TT Vt liu b mt cng trnh ri (Lx) chi (Cd/m2)
1 hoa, gch men trng 20 3
2 Gch, sn mu vng nht 30 5
3 xm, tng xi mng 50 5
4 Gch, sn mu nu nht 50 5
5 grant hng 50 5
6 B tng xy dng 75 8
7 Gch 100 8
8 en, gra-nit xm, sn xm 100 8
9 Gch, sn thm mu 150 8

- Ngun in c xc nh theo quy hoch chung xy dng th c duyt.

- Li in: quy hoch li in cao p, li in trung p 22KV, li in h p
0,4KV, li chiu sng ng ph, li chiu sng cng vin, vn hoa, chiu sng mt
ngoi cc cng trnh kin trc c bit, cc cng trnh vn ho, ngh thut (tng i, i
phun nc, cc cy cu bc qua sng ln...), chiu sng trang tr ng ph, trong cng
vin, vn hoa.
2) Chiu sng th bao gm: chiu sng ng th, chiu sng cng vin, vn
hoa, chiu sng trang tr (trang tr ng ph, cy xanh, thm c, trang tr cu bc qua
sng ln), chiu sng b mt cc cng trnh kin trc, tng i, i phun nc (chiu
sng m thut, qung co, thng tin, tn hiu).
- Chiu sng ng th gm: chiu sng ng ph, qung trng dnh cho xe
c gii, va h v ng dnh cho ngi i xe p, i b.
+ Cc va h ng c mt ct ngang nh hn 5m t chc chiu sng chung vi
chiu sng ng, cc va h c mt ct ngang ln hn 5m phi t chc chiu sng
ring.
+ Tt c cc loi ng trong th c mt ct ngang lng ng t 1,5m tr ln
u c chiu sng nhn to.
+ Cc ng dnh cho xe c gii c mt ct ngang lng ng t 3,5m tr ln phi
m bo chi ti thiu qui nh ti bng 7.6.
+ Chiu sng ng ginh cho ngi i xe p, i b, cc va h ng c mt ct
ngang ln hn 5 m phi m bo chi ti thiu qui nh ti bng 7.7.
- Chiu sng cng vin, vn hoa gm: chiu sng cng ra vo, chiu sng cc sn
t chc cc hot ng ngoi tri, chiu sng ng trong cng vin, vn hoa. ri ti
thiu chiu sng cng vin, vn hoa quy nh ti bng 7.8.
- Chiu sng b mt cc cng trnh kin trc: chi qui nh ti bng 7.9.
- Chiu sng trang tr: ch p dng mt s trc ng chnh, ni cng cng nh
cng vin, vn hoa, qung trng trong nhng ngy l hi.

79
7.4 Quy hoch cp in im dn c nng thn.
1) Quy hoch h thng cung cp in cho cc im dn c nng thn phi cn c vo
kh nng in kh ha ca tng vng; cn tn dng cc ngun nng lng khc nh nng
lng mt tri, gi, kh bi--ga, c bit l thy in nh.
2) Quy hoch cc tuyn in trong im dn c nng thn phi kt hp cht ch vi
quy hoch giao thng v kin trc, khng c ng dy i qua nhng ni cha cht
d n, d chy.
3) Ph ti in:
- Nhu cu in phc v sinh hot im dn c nng thn cn m bo t ti thiu
50% ch tiu cp in sinh hot ca th loi V (bng 7.1).
- Nhu cu in cho cng trnh cng cng trong cc im dn c nng thn (trung
tm x, lin x) phi m bo 15% nhu cu in sinh hot ca x hoc lin x.
- Nhu cu in phc v sn xut phi da theo cc yu cu c th ca tng c s
sn xut.
4) Thit k h thng chiu sng ng cho cc im dn c nng thn: khu vc trung
tm x hoc lin x phi t ch tiu 3Lx, cc ng khc 1,5Lx.
5) Trm in h th phi t trung tm ca ph ti in, hoc gn ph ti in ln
nht, ti v tr thun tin cho vic t ng dy, t ct ng giao thng, khng gy tr
ngi, nguy him cho sn xut, sinh hot.
6) Cc tuyn in trung v h th cn trnh vt qua ao, h, m ly, ni cao, ng
giao thng c mt ct ngang lng ng ln, cc khu vc sn xut cng nghip...
7) Trm in h th v li in trung, cao p trong khu vc im dn c nng thn
phi m bo hnh lang v khong cch ly bo v theo quy nh hin hnh.

80
 PHN PH LC
Cc ph lc sau y bao gm cc quy nh hin hnh ti thi im ban hnh quy
chun. Khi c cc vn bn quy phm php lut mi c b sung hoc thay th, phi
tun th cc p dng cc quy nh ca vn bn mi.

PH LC 1. CC QUY NH V THIT K TH
Ngh nh 08/2005/N-CP ngy 24/1/2005 ca Chnh ph v quy hoch xy dng:
- iu 30: Thit k th trong quy hoch chung xy dng th;
- iu 31: Thit k th trong quy hoch chi tit xy dng th.

PH LC 2. CC QUY NH V KHU VC BO V IU
- Lut iu 2006.

PH LC 3. CC QUY NH V KHU VC BO V CNG TRNH THY LI

- Php lnh khai thc v bo v cng trnh thy li, s 32/2001/PL-UBTVQH10
ngy 04/4/2001.
- Ngh nh 143/2003/N-CP ngy 28/11/2003 quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s
iu ca php lnh khai thc v bo v cng trnh thy li.

PH LC 4. CC VN BN C LIN QUAN N QUY NH V KHU VC

BO V CC CNG TRNH GIAO THNG
- Lut ng b s 26/2001/QH10
- Lut ng thy ni a s 23/2004/QH11 ngy 15/6/2004.
- Lut hng hi s 40/2004/QH11 ngy 14/6/2004.
- Lut ng st s 35/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005 ca Quc hi.
- Lut hng khng dn dng s 66/2006/QH11 ngy 16/5/2006.
- Ngh nh s 186/2004/N-CP ngy 05/11/2004 quy nh v qun l v bo v
kt cu h tng giao thng ng b.
- Ngh nh s 109/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi
hnh mt s iu ca Lut ng st.
- Ngh nh s 71/2006/N-CP ngy 25/7/2006 v qun l cng bin v lung hng
hi.
- Ngh nh s 94/2007/N-CP ngy 04/6/2007 v qun l hot ng bay.
- Khong cch ly gia sn bay vi khu dn dng (bng PL4.1 v PL4.2).

Bng PL4.1: Khong cch ly ti thiu gia sn bay v khu dn dng (km)

81
 Hng ct cnh v hng tuyn bay so vi Hng sn bay
TT khu dn dng I II III IV
a Ct cnh ct qua khu dn dng
- Tuyn bay ct khu dn dng 5 10 20 30
- Tuyn bay khng ct khu dn dng 5 10 15 15
b Ct cnh v tuyn bay khng ct qua khu dn 2 5 6 6
dng
Ghi ch: Hng sn bay c xc nh theo chiu di c bn ng bng h ct cnh nh quy nh trong
bng PL4.2 sau:
Bng PL4.2: Phn hng sn bay theo chiu di ng bng
Hng sn bay I II III IV
Chiu di ng bng (m) Di 800 8001200 12001800 Trn 1800
Phn hng sn bay theo ICAO(*) 1 2 3 4
Ghi ch: (*) ICAO l tn vit tt ca t chc hng khng dn dng quc t (International Civil Aviation
Organization).

PH LC 5. CC QUY NH QUN L CHT THI RN

- TCVN 6706-2000: Cht thi nguy hi. Phn loi.
- TCVN 6696-2000: Bi chn lp cht thi rn hp v sinh. Yu cu chung v Bo
v mi trng.
- TCXDVN 261-2001: Bi chn lp cht thi rn. Tiu chun thit k.
- TCXDVN 320-2004: Bi chn lp cht thi nguy hi. Tiu chun thit k.
- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi
rn.
- Thng t s 13/2007/TT-BXD ngy 31/12/2007 ca B Xy dng hng dn mt
s iu ca Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht
thi rn.

PH LC 6. CP C HI CA CC X NGHIP, KHO TNG

- TCVN 4449-1987: Phn loi x nghip, kho theo cp c hi v khong cch ly v
sinh.

PH LC 7. CC QUY NH V CHT LNG NC CP

- Quyt nh s 09/2005/Q-BYT ngy 11 thng 3 nm 2005 ca B trng B Y
t quy nh v cht lng nc cp tp trung cho sinh hot ca cc th, im dn c
nng thn.
- Quyt nh s 1329/2002/BYT/Q ngy 18/4/2002 ca B trng B Y t quy
nh v cht lng nc cp cho php ung trc tip.

PH LC 8. CC QUY NH V CHT LNG NC THI

- Nc thi sinh hot khi x ra vng nc bin ven b tun theo TCVN 5943-1995.
- Nc thi sinh hot - Gii hn nhim cho php tun theo TCVN 6772-2000.

82
- Nc thi sinh hot khi x ra ngun nc dng cho thy li tun theo TCVN
6773-2000.
- Nc thi sinh hot khi x ra ngun nc ngt bo v i sng thy sinh tun theo
TCVN: 6774-2000
- Nc thi sinh hot sau trm x l nc thi tp trung t TCVN 7222-2002.
- Nc thi sinh hot khi x ra ngun nc mt tun theo TCVN 5942-1995.
- TCVN 7382-2004: Cht lng nc. Nc thi bnh vin. Tiu chun thi.
- TCVN 5945-2005 Nc thi cng nghip. Tiu chun thi.

PH LC 9. CC QUY NH V CHT LNG KHNG KH

- Cht lng khng kh xung quanh im thi: TCVN 5937-2005.
- Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh
im thi: TCVN 5938-2005.
- TCVN 5939-2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i
vi bi v cc cht v c.
- TCVN 5940-2005: Cht lng khng kh. Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi
cc cht hu c.
- TCVN 6560-1999: Kh thi l t cht thi rn y t.

PH LC 10. CC QUY NH V PHNG CHY CHA CHY

- Lut Phng chy v cha chy, ngy 29/6/2001.
- Ngh nh 35/2003/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 4/4/2003 quy nh chi tit thi hnh
mt s iu ca Lut phng chy cha chy.
- Chng 11 Quy chun xy dng ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 439/BXD-
CSXD ngy 25-9-1997 ca B trng B Xy dng quy nh v bc chu la v hng sn
xut.

PH LC 11. CC QUY NH V MC N TI A CHO PHP

- TCVN 5949-1998: Mc n ti a cho php trong khu dn c.
- TCVN 5948-1995: Mc n ti a cho php ca phng tin giao thng ng b.
- TCVN 6436-1998: Mc n ti a cho php ca phng tin giao thng ng b
pht ra khi .
- TCVN 5948-1999: Mc n ti a cho php ca phng tin giao thng ng b
pht ra khi tng tc.
- TCVN 6962-2001: Mc rung ng v chn ng ti a cho php ca hot ng
xy dng v sn xut cng nghip i vi mi trng khu cng cng v dn c.

PH LC 12. CC QUY NH V BO V CNG TRNH QUC PHNG,

KHU QUN S
Cc cng trnh quc phng, khu qun s, phi c bo v theo cc quy nh ca
Php lnh bo v cng trnh quc phng v khu qun s v Ngh nh ca Chnh ph ban

83
hnh Quy ch bo v cng trnh quc phng v khu qun s hoc cc quy nh c lin
quan khc cn hiu lc.

PH LC 13. CC QUY NH V BO V CC DI TCH, THNG CNH

- Lut di sn vn ha ngy 29/6/2001.
- Ngh nh s 92/2002/N-CP ca Chnh ph Quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s
im ca Lut Di sn vn ha.

PH LC 14. CC QUY NH V QUY HOCH XY DNG

- Ngh nh s 08/2005/N-CP, ngy 24 thng 01 nm 2005 ca Chnh ph v
Quy hoch xy dng.
- Thng t s 15/2005/TT-BXD ngy 19 thng 8 nm 2005 ca B Xy dng
Hng dn lp, thm nh v ph duyt n quy hoch xy dng.
- TCVN 4449-87: Quy hoch xy dng th. Tiu chun thit k.

PH LC 15. CC QUY NH LIN QUAN N QUY HOCH GIAO THNG

- TCXDVN 104-2007: ng th. Yu cu thit k.
- TCVN 4054-2005: ng t. Tiu chun thit k.
- TCVN 5729-1997: ng t cao tc. Tiu chun thit k.
- TCVN 4117-1985: Quy phm thit k ng st kh 1435.

PH LC 16. CC QUY NH LIN QUAN N QUY HOCH CP NC

- TCDXVN 33-2006: Cp nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu chun
thit k.
- TCXD 233-1999: Cc ch tiu la chn ngun nc mt, nc ngm phc v h
thng cp nc sinh hot.

PH LC 17. BO V AN TON CNG TRNH LI IN CAO P

- Lut in lc.
- Ngh nh s 106/2005 N-CP, ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2005 ca Chnh ph quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut in lc v bo v an ton cng
trnh li in cao p.

84