u 3E V t N t

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

**** ****

BI TP LN MN HC
Chuyn :

Qun l b nh
H Tn Sinh Vin:
1. m Minh T MSSV :20083057
2. Nguyn Vn Quyn MSSV :20082141
3. Ki u Vn Hng MSSV:20081264
4. inh Th Bnh MSSV: 20080193
5. Phan Lc Cng MSSV: 20080397
6. Triu Vit Cng MSSV:20080405
Lp : VIT NHT 3E

Vin Cng Ngh Thng Tin V Truyn Thng

H Ni Ngy 14Thng 5 Nm 2010

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 u 3E V t N t

Mc lc

I. tv :..................................................................................................... 3

II. :........................................................................................................ 4

III. Khng gia a v k g g a v t : ..................................................... 5

IV. C p p t t ............................................................................................ 6

IV.1 M hnh Linker_Loader....................................................................... 6

IV.2 M hnh Base &Bound ........................................................................ 7
V. C p p t k g t ............................................................................... 10

V.1. P o (Segme tat o ) ................................................................... 10

V.2. Phn trang ( Paging) ............................................................................ 16
V.3. P o kt p p tra g (Paged segmentation) ......................... 25
VI. Tm tt......................................................................................................... 29

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QUN L B NH

I. tv n
t t u tr duy t t g qua CPU t trao
t gt v m tr g go , do v y u u t , qu
mt tro g g m v tr g tm g u a u .
t mt m g mt u t (word), m t mt
a . V trao t g t v m tr g go t t g qua
t ao t o g d u vo mt a t o tro g .

Hu t u u o p p a m m
g ao u su t s d g CPU. Tuy k t u t y m ys u
u a s g a t tr k au . V m : b nh
th hu hn v cc yu cu b nh th v hn .

H u u tr m p p t v g o t tr
yu u. t t t m v y, u p xem xt u
k a :

S t g g g a a logic v a v t (physic) : m o
uy mt a t g tr g (sym o ) tro g g tr t mt
a t tro g ?

u v t : m o m r g s m u tr
u t tr gt ?

C a s t g t : m t o o p p a t tr t a s t g
t tro g ?

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 u 3E V t N t

o v: m t o g t tr xm p m v g
p p t o t tr k ?

C g p p qu p t u r t u vo t p g
v tr qua u g a o t tr t g g p p p k t a g
ay.

II. B i cnh:
T g t g, mt g tr u tr tr a mt t p t
p t x . t g tr , p g tr va
, to p t tr t g g x .

Hng i nhp h thng t p p g tr tr a a g

p vo t x .

C a tro g g tr gu a t g tr g , v t , mt
g tr p tr qua u g a o x uy a y
t a tuyt tro g .

C t t kt u t v d u v a
vo mt tro g gt m sau :

Thi im bin dch: u t t m d , t t v tr m

t tr s t g tr tro g , tr d t p t s gay m
v a tuyt . Tuy , u v sau s t ay v tr t g tr
u a g tr , p d g tr .

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Thi im np : u t t m d , a t t v tr m
t tr s t g tr tro g , tr d p t s m t g
(tra s ata e). S kt a tr o t m g tr
p vo , y a t g s uy t a
tuyt do t v tr t u u tr t tr . K s t ay v tr
u tr, p g tr t to a tuyt , m
k g d .

Thi im x l : u u u d uy t tr t v g y
sa g v g k tro g qu tr t tr x ,t t m kt u a
p tr o t t m x . t kt u a vo t
m x , s d g p g t.

III. Khng gian a ch v khng gian vt l:

Mt tro g g g t p tru g tm m t qu
mt u qa a ra k m k g g a a xy d g tr
k gga v t , v t r a k gga y g p u d
d g xy d g v qu u u :

a ch logic g a ch o , t t a do x to
ra.

a ch vt l - a t t m tr qu t y v
thao tc.

Khng gian a ch t p p t t a o p t s mt
g tr .

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Khng gian vt l t p p t t a v t t g g v a
o.

a o v a v t au tro g p g t kt u a
vo t m d g vo t m p. N g s k t
g a a o v a v t tro g p g t kt u vo t m x
l.

MMU (memory-management unit) l mt p g s

d g t uy a ot a v t vo t m x
l.

C g tr a g s d g t ao t tr a o, k g ao g
t y a v t . a t t s g v v tr a d u tro g
x k t truy xu t d u.

IV. C p pht lin tc

IV.1 M hnh Linker_Loader

tng :
Ti tr c np vo mt vng nh lin t l cha
ton b tin trnh. Ti th m bin d a ch bn trong tin trnh
v a ch t g i. Ti th m np, H u hnh s tr v a
ch bt u np ti tr , v t to chuy a ch t g i
v a ch tuyt i trong b nh v t l theo cng thc:

a ch vt l = a ch bt u + a ch tng i.

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Tho lun

T m kt u a t m p, do v y sau k p k g
t d uy t tr tro g .

K g k g k m sot a t tr truy p, do v y
k g s o v.

IV.2 M hnh Base &Bound

tng : T tr p vo mt v g t
a to t tr . T t m d a tro g t tr h
v a t g . Tuy t vo u tr p g a my t
mt t a g (base register) v mt t a g g (bound register).
K mt t tr p p t v g , p vo t a g a t
u a p v g p p t o t tr , v p vo t a g g
k t a t tr . Sau , m a p t s s t g
gv a a tro g t a g o ra a tuyt tro g
, a g u v t a g g o mt
tr k g truy xu t go p m v p v g p o .

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Hai thanh ghi h tr chuyn i a ch

Tho lun

Mt u m a v s d g t a g t d uy
g tr tro g sau k g t u x , m k t tr
d uy mt v tr m , p g tr ot a g , a
tuyt s p t s m k g p t a t g
tro g g tr

C u g t g p m go v ( external fragmentation ) :
k t tr t vo v ra k t g, d d xu t k e
g a t tr . y k e to ra do k t a t tr
m p k t v g m g p g mt t

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tr kt t v ra k t g. H t g y t d t u g
t g v g tr g t o m yu u, g v g y
k g t ! Ng ta t p d g k t u t d (memory
compaction ) kt p m r r t mt v g
t . Tuy , k t u t y u t g a x , go ra, s kt
u a p t vo t m x , v t tr t d
uy tro g qu tr d .

Phn mnh ngoi vi

V ys k k t a t tr t g tr g tro g qa
tr x m k g v g tr g g k m r g v g ot
tr . C a g quyt:

D t tr :d uy t tr mt v g k
t a m u u t g tr g a t tr .

C p p t d v g o t tr : p p t d p g o t tr
mt v g yu u a u a t tr .

Mt t tr p vo x . Tro g p g
t t tr y, mt t tr u u tr tro g su t qu

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tr x a . Tuy , tro g tr g p t tr k a, o t
tr s d g t t g a CPU d o , t uy tm t
ra p v sau y p tr vo t p t x .

C t tr y u p u g t tr g
p m v g u t p t eo k u p p t mt v g
t o t tr . N t o u , t s d g k t u t d o
s p m go v , g p t r t ao. Mt g p p k
u u o p p k g g a a v t a t tr k g
t , g a t p p t o t tr g v g t do t k, k g
t .

V. C p pht khng lin tc

V.1. Phn on (Segmentation)

tng: qua m k g g a a mt t p phn on (segments)

p o gp kch thc khc nhau v c lin h logic
vi nhau. M p o mt t g (s u p o ) v mt d .
Ng d g s t t p m a v a g tr : <s hiu phn on,
offset>.

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M hnh phn on b nh

C ch MMU trong k thut phn on

C p xy d g mt x uy a 2 u
g d g g a t a v t mt u. S uy y
t qua mt bng phn on. M t p tro g gp o ao
gm mt thanh ghi nn v mt thanh ghi gii hn. T a g u tr a
v t t u p o tro g , tro g k t a g g
t u d a p o .

Chuyn i a ch

M a o mt <s,d> :

s hiu phn on s : s d g m gp o

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a ch tng i d : g tr tro g k o g t 0 g u d
a p o . Nu a t g p , s gv g tr a
tro g t a g p t s a v t t g g.

C ch phn cng h tr k thut phn on

H th ng phn on

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Ci t bng phn on:

C t s d g t a g u tr gp o u s g
p o . Tro g tr g p g tr ao gm qu u p o ,
gp o p u tro g . Mt thanh ghi nn bng
phn on (ST R) a t u a gp o . V s g
p o s d g tro g mt g tr g, s d g t m mt
thanh ghi c t kch thc bng phn on (STLR).

V mt a og <s,d>, tr t s u p o s k m
tra t p (s <STLR). K t p, g g tr s v ST R a
a a p t t s tro g gp o (ST R+s). v t u
cng l (STBR+s + d)

S dng STBR, STLR v bng phn on

Bo v: Mt u m t a p o k g
t t u t o v o m p o . V m p o u d o mt
p a g tr v g g a g d g x , g s d g

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t t mt p o a g g g tro g, do v y
t t t u t o v t p o t g p o .

C p g p tr uy a s k m tra
t o v g v m p t tro g gp o g
t ao t truy xu t t p p o t g g.

Chia s phn on: Mt u m k a k t u t p o k

g a s m p o . N k g y, t tr t a
s v au t g p g tr ( v d t t , m), k g t t t
p a s to g tr tr g p p tra g. M t tr
mt gp o r g, mt p o a s k p t tro g
gp o a a t tr k au g mt v tr v t duy
t.

Chia s code trong h phn on

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Tho lun:

P g quyt v p p t g: m t o t a m mt yu
u v g k t N ? C p v g o tro g da s
v g t do p p t ? N v y p g tr g
t p p t g. C a p g p p qu yu :

Qun l bng mt bng cc bit : at v p

p t, m v p g mt t tro g g t, mt t
g tr 0 u v t g g a g t do, v g tr 1 u v
t g g p p t o mt t tr .K p mt t tr
k t k v, p tm tro g g t mt dy o k t g
tr 0. y mt g p p g , gt m t s
d g.

Qun l b nh bng bng cc bit

Qun l bng danh sch: T mt da s p o p

p t v p o t do, mt p o t mt t tr (P) ay v g
tr g g a a t tr (H).

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Qun l b nh bng danh sch

* C t u t to t g d g mt p o t do tro g da
s p p t o t tr :

First-fit: p p t p o t do u t .

Best-fit: p p t p o t do t g t a m
u u.

Worst-fit : p p t p o t do t.

Tro g t g s d g k t u t p o , t g p m
go v xu t k k t do u qu , k g a
mt p o .

V.2. Phn trang ( Paging)

tng:

P v t t k ( o k) k t v g
au, g khung trang (page frame). K g g a a g a
t k g k t v k u g tra g, v g trang
(page). K p mt t tr x , tra g a t tr s p
vo g k u g tra g tr g. Mt t tr k t N tra g s yu u
N k u g tra g t do.
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M hnh b nh phn trang

C ch MMU trong k thut phn trang

C p g tr t uy a tro g p
tra g g tra g (pages table). M p t tro g g tra g o t a
t u a v tr u tr tra g t g g tro g v t (s u
k u g tra g tro g v t a g a tra g ).

Chuyn i a ch

M a p t s CPU at a p :

s hiu trang (p): s d g m p t t g g tro g

g tra g.

a ch tng i trong trang (d): kt p v a t u a tra g

to ra a v t m tr qu s d g.

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K t a tra g do p g qu . d p t a o
t s u tra g v a t g , k t a mt tra g t g
t g mt y t a a 2 ( tro g p m v 512 ytes v 8192 ytes).
Nu k t a k g g a a 2m v k t tra g 2 n, th m-n
ts ao a a o s u d s u tra g, v n ts t p o t a
t g tro g tra g.

p d
m-n n

C ch phn cng h tr phn trang

Ci t bng trang:

Tro g tr g p g t, g tra g mt t p t a g
s d g t g tra g. Tuy v s d g t a g p p
v g tra g k t , u g tra g k t ,

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p u tr tro g , v s d g mt t a g u a
t u u tr g tra g (PT R).

T eo t y, m truy xu t d u ay t u
a truy xu t : mt o truy xu t g tra g v mt o
t d u!

M hnh b nh phn trang

S dng thanh ghi nn tr n bng trang

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C t tr t v truy xu t a g s d g
t m mt v g t , v t truy xu t a v o p p tm k m
so g so g, v g a e y t g g kt p (TL s).
M t a g tro g kt p gm mt t k a v mt g tr, k a
kt p mt t g tm, t g y s so s g
v t k a tro g kt p tm ra p t t g g. N
t y m v tm k m tr kt p t r t a , g
p p g ao.

Tro g k t u t p tra g, TL s s d g u tr tra g

truy p g t t. K CPU p t s mt a , s u
tra g a a s so s v p t tro g TL s, u tra g
t g g tro g TL s, t s x gay s u k u g tra g t g
g, u k g m t t ao t tm k m tro g g tra g.

Bng trang vi TLBs

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T chc b ng trang:
Mi h u hnh c mt p g p p r g t ch u tr b ng
tra g. a s cc h u hnh c p cho mi tin trnh mt b ng trang. Tuy nhin
p g p p y k g t ch p nh c nu h u hnh cho php qu n l
mt k g g a a ch du g ng qu (232, 264): trong cc h th g
th, b n thn b g tra g i mt vng nh qa l n! C hai gi i php cho
v ny:

Phn trang a cp: p a g tra g t p , t

g tra g g s p tra g

Bng trang nh c p

Bng trang nghch o: s d g duy t mt bng trang nghch o

ot t t tr . M p t tro g bng trang nghch o p
mt k u g tra g tro g ao gm a og a mt tra g a g
u tr tro g v t t k u g tra g y, g v t gt v t tr
a g s u tra g. M a ok mt a <idp, p, d >
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Tro g : dp da a t tr
p s u tra g
d a t g tro g tra g

M p t tro g g tra g g o mt p < dp, p >. K mt

t am k o p t s , mt p a o < dp, p >
a o tr qu tm p t t g g tro g g tra g
g o, u tm t y, a v t < ,d> s p t s . Tro g
tr g p k , xem t am k o truy xu t mt a t p
.

Bng trang nghch o

Bo v:

C o v tro g t g p tra g t v t o v
g v m k u g tra g. T g t g , t y u tro g g
tra g , v m truy xu t u p t am k o g tra g p t

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s a v t ,k , t g t k m tra t ao t truy xu t tr
k u g tra g t g g p v t u t o v a k g.

Ngo ra, mt t p tr t m vo tro g u tr mt p t a

g tra g : t p - t p (va d-invalid).

Hp l : tra g t g g t u v k g g a a a t tr .

Bt hp l : tra g t g g k g m tro g k g g a a a
t tr , u y g a t tr truy xu t mt a k g
php.

C u trc mt phn t trong bng trang

Chia s b nh trong c ch phn trang:

Mt u m a p tra g o p p a s tra g g a
t tr .Tro g tr g p y, s a s t g
x u a og vo mt a v t duy t. C t p d g k t u t
y o p p t tr a s mt v g ode u g: u u t
tr a g mt g tr , u tr mt o ode a g
tr y tro g , t tr s t g truy xu t tra g
a ode u g y. Lu t a s mt o ode, o ode y
p t u t reenterable ( o p p mt sao a g tr s
d g g t u t v).

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Chia s cc trang trong h phn trang

Tho lun:

K t u t p tra g o t g p m go v : m
k u g tra g u t p p t o mt t tr o yu u.
Tuy t g p m v v t x y ra k k t a
t tr k g g g s a k t mt tra g, k , tra g u
g s k g s d g t.

Mt k t r t qua tr g k a k t u t p tra g
s p t r r g a g d g v a p qu
v t :

Gc nhn ca ngi s dng: mt t tr a g d g t y

mt k g g a t , g t v a duy t t
t tr y.

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Gc nhn ca b nh vt l: mt t tr a g s d g u
tr p t k p v t , tro g v t gt g a g
t tr k .

P g m m v uy a og t a v t
. S uy y tro g su t v g s d g.

u tr t g t t t v qu tr p p t , u
s d g mt g k u g tra g, m m p t m t t tr g a mt
k u g tra g v t : t do ay p p t o mt t tr o .

Lu r g s p tra g k g p g t g s
d g m v . Ng s d g t y mt t p
t g a g tr (segme ts, t v ...) v mt t p t g
d u ( to , sta k, v g a s...). V t ra tm mt
t u d sao o t u g p o g d g mt cch
g v qua m og a v k t u t p o

K t u t p o t a m u u t u tr og
a g tr g d t u gp p p t k
k t k au o p o tro g v t . u y m r
r v r t u so v v p p t tra g k t t .Mt
g p p du g o kt p a k t u t p tra g v p o : chng
ta t phn trang cc phn on.

V.3. Phn on kt hp phn trang (Paged segmentation)

tng:

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K gga a ch l mt t p cc ph on, m p o c chia

thnh nhiu tra g.1 tra g (paragrap ) 1 v c p pht , gm c 16 bytes .

mi th m x nh th nh 413 s u s lung a s dng

.Khi mt ti tr a vo th ng, h u hnh s c p pht cho tin
trnh cc trang cn thit cha p on ca tin trnh.

MMU (Memory Manager Unit ) trong k thut phn on kt

hp phn trang:

qu l cc o b nh g ta s d g thnh ph tn l
MMU.Thnh ph ny qu l b nh da trn c s s d g cc kh
MCB(Memory Control Block). M kh i c kch t b g 1 phn o b
nh .

0000:0000
H iu hnh
H iu hnh
Bt u
Memory Control Block1
vng TPA
c qu n l bi MCB1 Lin kt gia
Memory Control Block2 cc MCB

c qu n l bi MCB2
MCB3 (MCB cu i cng)
Kt thc c qu n l bi MCB3
vng TPA

Kt thc M
Qun l b nh bng MCB ca MS-DOS

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Kin trc MCB:

1byte 2 byte 2 byte 11 byte

ID a ch PSP S ng Cha s dng

byte

Trng ID: da MC , ID = Z: y MC u i cng, ID =

M: a p i l MCB cu i cng.
Trng a ch PSP: y a ch on ca PSP t g ng ca
g tr . Nu vng nh c c p l kh m trng ca mt
g tr t trng ny ch ra a ch PSP ca g tr .
Ngc li nu vng nh c c p l mt PSP t tro g a s trng
hp trng ny ch ra chnh vng nh ca g tr .
Trng s lng byte: trng ny ch ra s ng byte ca vng nh
c c p (t t eo v paragraphe), tc l n cho bit kho ng cch
t mt MCB th p n MCB k tip ao . N v y m cc MCB trn
b nh c kt n mt danh sch lin kt.

Chuyn i a ch

M a og mt a: <s,p,d>

s hiu phn on (s): s d g m n phn t t g ng trong

b ng p on.
s hiu trang (p): s d g m n phn t t g ng trong
b ng trang ca p on.
a ch tng i trong trang (d): kt hp vi a ch bt u ca trang
to ra a v t m tr qu s d g.
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M hnh phn on k hp phn trang

C ch phn cng ca s phn on kt hp phn trang

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T t m t tr y u k uy g p
p t o t tr to tra g yu u tr k t t s x . V
v t k t r tg , u y d a m t t sau :

K t t tr g k t a v t .

K t o tr u t tr g tro g , v v y
k g ao m a g a t g.

VI. Tm tt
C u t p k au t qu , g tu
u g mo g t m t u sau :

C t p g y u u a g tr v
mt v t g

u tr uy a , t p p t tro g su t v
g d g, v k g t v.

T d g u qu ( t v g k g s d g )

o v t t

C k g a s g a t tr

Mt s t p t

Cp pht lin tc : t p p t v g t o t
tr tro g g p v g k t ay g.
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m yu a t p y k t g tr t
d x g k t a k t t
s d g. C t g p m go v , v u t xu t

Cp pht khng lin tc : t p p t v g k g t
o mt t tr . Ha k t u t t g p d g p tra g
v p o . K t u t p tra g o p p o t g p
m go v , k t u t p o o t g p m
v, gp g quyt v p p t g.

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