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5 60 Lecture4 PDF
5 60 Lecture4 PDF
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5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture #4 page 1
Enthalpy H(T,p) H U + pV
reversible
gas (p, T1, V1) =
const . p
gas (p, T2, V2)
U1 U2
U = q + w = qp p V
U + p V = qp define as H
U + ( pV ) = qp (U + pV ) = qp
H H
Choose H (T , p ) dH = dT + dp
T p p T
H H
What are and ?
T p p T
H
for a reversible process at constant p (dp = 0)
T p
H
dH = q p and dH = dT
T p
H
q p = dT but q p = C p dT also
T p
H
= Cp
T p
5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture #4 page 2
H
Joule-Thomson expansion
p T
adiabatic, q = 0
porous partition (throttle)
w = pV
1 1 p2V2 1 1 p2V2 = ( pV
U = q + w = pV )
U + ( pV ) = 0 (U + pV ) = 0
H = 0
H H
dH = C p dT + dp C p dT = dpH
p T p T
H T T
= C p can measure this
p T p H p H
T T
Define lim = JT Joule-Thomson Coefficient
p
0
p H p H
H
= C p JT and dH = C p dT C p JT dp
p T
5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture #4 page 3
H U (T ) + pV = U (T ) + nRT
only depends on T, no p dependence
H
H (T ) = JT = 0 for an ideal gas
p T
H a a a
b JT b = 0 when T =T inv=
p T RT RT Rb
a a
1. If <b T > =T
RT Rb inv
T so if p < 0 ( p2 < p1 )
then < 0
p H then T > 0
gas heats up upon expansion.
a a
2. If >b T < =T
RT Rb inv
T so if p < 0
then > 0
p H then T < 0
gas cools upon expansion.
H U
Cp = , CV =
T p T V
H = U + pV , pV = RT
H U V
= +p
T p T p T p
U V R
C p = CV + + p
V T T p p
=0 for ideal gas
C p = CV + R