NHNG NGI THC HIN D N

ThS. L c Lim Phn Vin QHTS pha Nam Ch nhim

Ks. Hunh Kim Anh Phn Vin QHTS pha Nam Th k

ThS. Trn Minh Lm Phn Vin QHTS pha Nam

Cn. Nguyn Xun An Phn Vin QHTS pha Nam

Ks. Nguyn Hu Chung S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra-Vng Tu

i
 CC CH VIT TT

ATVSTP An ton v sinh thc phm

BCN Bn cng nghip
BR-VT B Ra Vng Tu
BTC Bn thm canh
BVNL Bo v ngun li
CBTS Ch bin thy sn
CN Cng nghip
VT n v tnh
EU Lin minh chu u
FAO T chc nng lng Lin hip quc
GTSL Gi tr sn lng
GTSX Gi tr sn xut
HT Hin trng
KCN Khu cng nghip
KNXK Kim ngch xut khu
KTTS Khai thc thy sn
KT-XH Kinh t - x hi
NGTK Nin gim thng k
NLN Nng lm ng
NN-PTNT Nng nghip - Pht trin nng thn
NTTS Nui trng thy sn
PA Phng n
QC Qung canh
QCCT Qung canh ci tin
TCN Thc n cng nghip
TC Thm canh
TCT Tm Chn trng
TCX Tm Cng xanh
TS Thy sn
TTBQ Tng trng bnh qun giai on
UBND y ban nhn dn
VA Gi tr tng thm
WTO T chc thng mi th gii

ii
MC LC

iii
M U......................................................................................................................... 1
Phan th 1...........................................................................................................5
IU KIN T NHIN, NGUN LI THY SN V KINH T - X HI LIN
QUAN N PHT TRIN NUI TRNG THY SN...........................................6
1.1. iu kin t nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin...........................................................6
1.1.1. V tr a l v n v hnh chnh.......................................................................6
1.1.2. Kh hu, thi tit................................................................................................6
1.1.3. c im a hnh, th nhng..........................................................................8
1.1.4. Ch thy vn.................................................................................................9
1.1.5. Ngun li thy sn...........................................................................................10
1.1.6. Cht lng mi trng nc nui trng thy sn............................................12
1.2. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2009..................................14
1.2.1. Tng trng v chuyn dch c cu kinh t......................................................14
1.2.2. Dn s, lao ng v t l h ngo....................................................................15
1.3. nh gi chung v iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi v mi trng......................17
Phan th 2.........................................................................................................18
HIN TRNG HOT NG SN XUT NUI TRNG THY SN...............19
2.1. Hin trng nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu.........................................19
2.1.1. Din tch tim nng v kh nng NTTS...........................................................19
2.1.2. Din bin din tch NTTS................................................................................20
2.1.3. Nng sut, sn lng v GTSX NTTS.............................................................21
2.1.4. Tnh hnh NTTS ti cc huyn/th....................................................................24
2.1.5. T chc sn xut, qun l v cc m hnh NTTS.............................................29
2.1.6. Cng tc khuyn ng.......................................................................................33
2.1.7. Tnh hnh mi trng, dch bnh, thin tai.......................................................34
2.1.8. C s h tng v dch v hu cn NTTS..........................................................35
2.2. nh gi chung hin trng NTTS...........................................................................38
2.3. Kinh t x hi ngnh thu sn.............................................................................40
2.3.1. Gi tr sn xut ngnh thy sn........................................................................40
2.3.2. Lao ng ngnh thy sn.................................................................................41
2.3.3. Tnh hnh thc hin d n u t lin quan n NTTS....................................42
2.3.4. nh gi chung v KT-XH ngnh thy sn......................................................43
Phan th 3.........................................................................................................46
D BO CC IU KIN PHT TRIN..............................................................47
3.1. Bi cnh trn th gii v trong nc.......................................................................47
3.2. D bo th trng thy sn th gii v trong nc.................................................48
3.3. D bo mt s th trng xut khu chnh..............................................................55
3.4. D bo cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh.................................................................58
3.5. D bo nhng bin i kh hu, mi trng...........................................................59
3.6. nh gi thi c v thch thc i vi ngnh thy sn BR-VT.............................60
Phan th 4.........................................................................................................61
QUY HOCH PHT TRIN NUI TRNG THY SN N NM 2020.........62
4.1. Quan im pht trin..............................................................................................62
4.2. nh hng pht trin.............................................................................................62
4.3. Mc tiu pht trin..................................................................................................63
4.3.1. Mc tiu chung................................................................................................63
4.3.2. Mc tiu c th................................................................................................63

iv
4.4. Cc phng n pht trin NTTS.............................................................................64
4.4.1. Phng n 1: Pht trin trong iu kin khng c thun li........................64
4.4.2. Phng n 2: Pht trin trong iu kin tng i thun li............................65
4.4.3. Phng n 3: Pht trin trong iu kin thun li............................................66
4.4.4. La chn phng n pht trin........................................................................67
4.5. L trnh pht trin trong tng giai on..................................................................68
4.5.1. Giai on 2011 - 2015......................................................................................68
4.5.2. Giai on 2016-2020........................................................................................69
4.6. Quy hoch nui trng thy sn theo phng n chn.............................................69
4.6.1. Phn vng quy hoch.......................................................................................69
4.6.2. Quy hoch din tch v lng b nui................................................................69
4.6.4. Gi tr sn lng NTTS.....................................................................................73
4.6.5 Lao ng NTTS.................................................................................................73
4.6.6 Phn b cc ch tiu quy hoch n huyn th..................................................74
4.7. Quy hoch c s dch v v h tng c bn phc v NTTS...................................82
4.8. Nhu cu vn u t.................................................................................................85
4.8.1. Vn tu sa, nng cp v u t xy dng mi cng trnh ao nui....................85
4.8.2. Vn khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc........................................................86
4.8.3. Vn xy dng cc D n u t.......................................................................86
4.8.4. Vn lu ng phc v sn xut........................................................................87
4.9. Hiu qu ca quy hoch..........................................................................................88
Phan th 5.........................................................................................................89
CC GII PHP THC HIN QUY HOCH.......................................................90
5.1. Nhm gii php c ch, chnh sch........................................................................90
5.2. Nhm gii php v h tng v k thut phc v sn xut.......................................92
5.3. Nhm gii php v pht trin ngun nhn lc v dch v.......................................93
5.4. Nhm gii php v mi trng, ngun li pht trin NTTS...................................96
5.5. Nhm gii php t chc sn xut v tiu th sn phm..........................................96
5.6. Gii php t chc trin khai v thc hin quy hoch..............................................98
KT LUN V KIN NGH.....................................................................................99
TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................................100

v
 DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 1. 1: Mt s ch tiu v kh hu tnh B Ra Vng Tu giai on 2003 - 2010....7

Bng 1. 2: Hin trng s dng t ca tnh ti thi im thng 01/2011.........................8
Bng 1. 3: GDP tnh BR-VT theo gi so snh 1994 giai on 2003-2010 ....................15
Bng 1. 4: C cu GDP theo gi hin hnh tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010 .............15
Bng 1. 5: Din bin dn s tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010.....................................16
Bng 1. 6: C cu dn s tnh BR-VT chia theo tui G 2003 - 2010 ....................16
Bng 1. 7: Lao ng bnh qun ca h gia nh tnh BR-VT ........................................17

Bng 2. 1 : Tim nng din tch NTTS tnh B Ra Vng Tu ................................19

Bng 2. 2 Din bin din tch v lng b NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010.......20
Bng 2. 3: Din bin sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010 ....................22
Bng 2. 4: Thc trng v din tch v sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT nm 2010............23
Bng 2. 5: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS TP. Vng Tu G 2003-2010........25
Bng 2. 6: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS TX. B Ra G 2003-2010............25
Bng 2. 7: Din bin v din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Long in G 2003-2010
...................................................................................................................................... .26
Bng 2. 8: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn t G 2003-2010.......26
Bng 2. 9: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Tn Thnh G 2003-2010..27
Bng 2. 10: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Chu c G 2003-2010
.................................................................................................................................. .27
Bng 2. 11: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Xuyn Mc G 2003-2010..28
Bng 2. 12: Din bin v din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Cn o G 2003-2010
..................................................................................................................................... ..28
Bng 2. 13: Din bin s lng cc t chc sn xut NTTS tnh BR-VT G 2003-2010.
....................................................................................................................................... 29
Bng 2. 14: S lng cc tri sn xut v ng dng ging thy sn 2003-2009.......35
Bng 2. 15: Gi tr sn xut ngnh thy sn tnh BR VT ...........................................40
Bng 2. 16: ng gp ca ngnh thy sn trong nn kinh t tnh BR VT..................41
Bng 2. 17: Lao ng ngnh thy sn tnh BR-VT giai on 2000-2010......................41
Bng 2. 18: R sot cc ch tiu thc hin quy hoch ti cc nm mc 2005, 2010...............................46

Bng 3. 1: D bo sn lng khai thc v nui trng thy sn th gii n nm 2030. 49

Bng 3. 2: D bo nhu cu tiu th c trn th gii n nm 2030...............................51
Bng 3. 3: Cn i nhu cu tiu th c n nm 2030...................................................52
Bng 3. 4: D bo sn lng thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020....................................53
Bng 3. 5: D bo sn lng tiu th thy sn ni a n nm 2020...........................53
Bng 3. 6: D bo tiu th thy sn ni a qua khch quc t n Vit Nam..............54
Bng 3. 7: Cn i cung-cu thy sn th trng ni a n nm 2020 ...................54
Bng 3. 8: D bo tiu th thy sn cc tnh vng ng Nam B n nm 2020.........54
Bng 3. 9: Bin i kh hu khu vc Nam B theo kch bn trung bnh .......................60
Bng 3. 10: Kch bn nc bin dng cho Vit Nam n nm 2100.......................................................60

Bng 4. 1: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA1 n nm 2020................................64

Bng 4. 2: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA2 n nm 2020 .............................65
Bng 4. 3: Phn b k hoch cc ch tiu NTTS G 2011 2015 theo PA 2...............66
Bng 4. 4: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA3 n nm 2020................................67
Bng 4. 5: Quy hoch din tch v lng b NTTS tnh BR-VT n nm 2020..............71

vi
Bng 4. 6: Quy hoch sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT n nm 2020 .............................72
Bng 4. 7: Gi tr sn lng NTTS ca tnh BR-VT.....................................................73
Bng 4. 8: Quy hoch lao ng NTTS ca tnh BR-VT ...............................................74
Bng 4. 9: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS ca TP. Vng Tu n nm 2020..................74
Bng 4. 10: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS ca TX. B Ra n nm 2015....................76
Bng 4. 11: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Long in n nm 2020.................76
Bng 4. 12: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Tn Thnh n nm 2020................77
Bng 4. 13: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn t n nm 2020......................79
Bng 4. 14: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Xuyn Mc n nm 2020...............80
Bng 4. 15: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Chu c n nm 2020.................81
Bng 4. 16: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Cn o n nm 2020...................81
Bng 4. 17: Nhu cu ging phc v NTTS (tnh theo nm) n nm 2020 ..................82
Bng 4. 18: Quy hoch c s tri sn xut ging n nm 2020...................................83
Bng 4. 19: Nhu cu thc n phc v NTTS ca tnh n nm 2020 ...........................84
Bng 4. 20: Vn u t XD mi v nng cp h thng cng trnh nui .......................85
Bng 4. 21: Nhu cu vn khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc ....................................86
Bng 4. 22: Vn xy dng cc D n u t ...87
Bng 4. 23: Nhu cu vn lu ng phc v NTTS ca tnh ....................................................................88

Bng 5. 1: Tng ngun vn u t phc v NTTS .......................................................92

Bng 5. 2: Tng ngun vn lu ng phc v NTTS....................................................92

DANH SCH CC HNH

Hnh 2. 1: Din bin din tch NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010.......................21
Hnh 2. 2: Din bin sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010......................22
Hnh 2. 3: C cu din tch NTTS phn theo huyn th nm 2010................................24
Hnh 2. 4: C cu sn lng NTTS phn theo huyn th nm 2010..............................24
Hnh 2. 5: S hot ng sn xut nui trng thy sn tnh BR-VT..........................30
Hnh 2. 6: S t chc qun l nui trng thy sn tnh BR-VT...........................................................31

Hnh 3. 1: Sn lng thy sn th gii n nm 2030 ..................................................49

Hnh 3. 2: Nhu cu tiu th c n nm 2030 ...............................................................51
Hnh 3. 3: Cn i cung cu thy sn th gii n nm 2030 ....................................52

DANH SCH CC BN

Bn hin trng NTTS tnh B Ra Vng Tu nm 2010 sau trang.....99

Bn quy hoch NTTS tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2020 sau trang.99

vii
 M U

1. Bi cnh v s cn thit lp quy hoch

Tnh B Ra Vng Tu thuc vng kinh t trng im pha Nam, c vai tr quan
trng v ng gp ln cho nn kinh t ca t nc. Ton tnh c 8 n v hnh chnh (6
huyn, 1 thnh ph v 1 th x). Thnh ph Vng Tu l tnh l ca tnh cch Tp. H Ch
Minh khong 120 km v pha Ty Nam.
Vi nhng thun li v iu kin t nhin, kh hu, thy vn, h thng knh rch thy
li, cng vi h thng sng ngi, h t nhin, h cha to nn a vng sinh thi c
nhiu tim nng li th pht trin nui trng thy sn. Tnh c nhiu th mnh pht
trin sn xut, cung ng nguyn liu thy sn, cc hot ng ch bin v h thng cung
ng dch v thy sn, trong nui trng thy sn ng gp mt v tr ng k trong
ngnh vi cc i tng nui thy sn c gi tr xut khu v tiu th ni a c ba
vng sinh thi bin, mn l v ngt.
Sn lng nui trng thy sn ca tnh lin tc tng u trong thi gian qua. Nm
2003 sn lng NTTS mc 5.468 tn tng ln 19.880 tn (2010), tc tng trng
bnh qun giai on 2003-2010 l 20,3%/nm, ko theo s tng ln v gi tr sn lng
nui trng thy sn. Trong nm 2003 gi tr sn lng NTTS (theo gi hin hnh) l 115
t ng, tng ln 623,657 t ng (2010), tc tng trng bnh qun giai on l
27,3%/nm, ng gp mt phn vo tng trng kinh t ca tnh, gp phn ci thin b
mt kinh t x hi cho cng ng a phng, c bit l cng ng c dn ven bin.
C c nhng kt qu kh quan trn nh vo s quan tm ch o ca cc cp ngnh
hu quan; nh vo tim nng, li th ca ngnh thy sn ni chung v lnh vc NTTS ni
ring. Tuy nhin, lnh vc NTTS ca tnh trong thi gian qua bc l nhng hn ch,
bt cp; pht trin NTTS vn cn mang tnh t pht mc du c quy hoch. Hn ch
trong kh nng thu ht vn v cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc. Th trng tiu th bp
bnh nh hng n tnh n nh kinh t - x hi. Cht lng mi trng nc ngy cng
suy gim do hot ng x thi trc tip ra sng, bin t cc khu cng nghip v nc thi
sinh hot. Bn cnh , tnh hnh th ha ngy cng din ra mnh m, ko theo cc nhu
cu v gii tr, du lch cng c m rng. y chnh l nhng thch thc ln trong qu
trnh pht trin nui thy sn ca tnh trong giai on ti.
ngh nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu pht trin mt cch ton din
tng xng vi tim nng vn c, ph hp vi nh hng pht trin kinh t x hi trong
thi k ti l pht trin nui trng thu sn ph hp vi c im v iu kin mt nc
hin c, hnh thnh cc vng nui trng thu sn gn vi bo v rng ngp mn, sn xut
nng nghip, thu li v gi gn mi trng - sinh thi. Trc nhng i hi thc t, cp
thit, do vy cn phi lp Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra
Vng Tu n nm 2015, nh hng n 2020 lm c s xy dng k hoch pht
trin ngh NTTS theo hng hiu qu - bn vng. Pht trin ngh NTTS c coi l mt
ngnh hng quan trng trong ngnh thy sn v kinh t nng thn; quy hoch gn kt cc
chng trnh, d n u t mang tnh kh thi ph hp vi trnh v tin trnh pht trin
kinh t - x hi ca tnh.

1
2. Cc cn c php l lp quy hoch
1. Ngh quyt s 26-NQ/TW, ngy 05/8/2008 Hi ngh ln th 7 Ban Chp hnh TW
kha X v nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn;
2. Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP, ngy 07/09/2006, v vic lp, ph duyt v qun l
quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi;
3. Ngh nh 04/2008/N-CP, ngy 11/01/2008 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung mt
s iu ca Ngh nh 92/2006/N-CP v lp, ph duyt v qun l quy hoch tng
th pht trin kinh t - x hi;
4. Ngh nh 14/2009/N-CP, ngy 13/02/2009 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung mt
s iu ca Ngh nh 59/2005/N-CP v iu kin sn xut, kinh doanh mt s
ngnh ngh thy sn;
5. Ngh nh 41/2010/N-CP, ngy 12/04/2010 ca Chnh ph v chnh sch tn dng
phc v pht trin nng nghip, nng thn;
6. Ngh nh 61/2010/N-CP, ngy 04/06/2010 ca Chnh ph v chnh sch khuyn
khch doanh nghip u t vo nng nghip, nng thn;
7. Quyt nh s 150/2004/Q-TTg, ngy 20/06/2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph v/v
ph duyt Quy hoch chuyn i c cu sn xut nng, lm nghip, thu sn c nc
n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm 2020;
8. Quyt nh s 10/2006/Q-TTg, ngy 11/01/2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v/v
ph duyt Quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm
2020;
9. Quyt nh s 15/2007/Q-TTg, ngy 29/01/2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph
duyt quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH tnh B Ra-Vng Tu giai on 2006-
2015, nh hng n nm 2020;
10. Quyt nh s 2194/Q-TTg, ngy 25/12/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph V/v ph
duyt n ging cy nng, lm nghip, ging vt nui v ging thy sn n nm
2020;
11. Quyt nh 1690/Q-TTg, ngy 16/09/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt chin lc pht trin thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020;
12. Quyt nh 63/2010/Q-TTg ngy 15/10/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph v mt
s chnh sch h tr nhm gim tn tht sau thu hoch i vi nng sn, thy sn;
13. Quyt nh 332/2011/Q-TTg, ngy 03/03/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
ph duyt n pht trin NTTS n nm 2020;
14. Quyt nh 65/2011/Q-TTg, ngy 02/12/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph v sa
i b sung mt s iu Quyt nh 63/2010/Q-TTg v chnh sch h tr nhm
gim tn tht sau thu hoch i vi nng sn, thy sn;
15. Quyt nh 01/2012/Q-TTg ngy 09/01/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph v mt
s chnh sch h tr vic p dng quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt trong
nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn;
16. Quyt nh 124/Q-TTg ngy 02/02/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt quy hoch tng th pht trin sn xut ngnh nng nghip n nm 2020 v
tm nhn n 2030;

2
 17. Quyt nh s 56/2008/Q-BNN, ngy 29/4/2008 ca B trng B NN v PTNT
V/v Ban hnh quy ch kim tra, chng nhn NTTS theo hng bn vng;
18. Quyt nh s 2238/2010/Q-BNN-KH, ngy 20/8/2010 ca B trng B NN v
PTNT V/v Ban hnh quy nh v qun l quy hoch ngnh nng nghip v PTNT;
19. Thng t 01/2007/TT-BKH, ngy 07/02/2007 ca B K hoch v u t hng
dn thc hin mt s iu ca Ngh nh 92/2006/N-CP;
20. Quyt nh s 913/Q-UBND, ngy 31/03/2009 ca UBND tnh B Ra-Vng
Tu V/v ph duyt cng v kinh ph thc hin Quy hoch pht trin nui trng
thy sn tnh B Ra-Vng Tu n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020;
21. Ngh quyt i hi ng b ln th V, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi tnh B
Ra Vng Tu giai on 2011 2015;
22. Chng trnh hnh ng thc hin Ngh quyt s 12- NQ/TU, ngy 02/8/2010 ca
Ban thng v tnh y v pht trin thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2015.
3. Phm vi, ni dung v mc tiu nghin cu
* Tn d n: Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu
n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020
* Phm vi nghin cu
- Theo khng gian: xy dng cc phng n quy hoch trn phm vi ton tnh, c
phn b n n v huyn, th, thnh ph v mt s khu vc nui tp trung.
- Theo thi gian: nh gi din bin hot ng sn xut NTTS giai on 2003-
2010, ly nm 2010 lm mc nh gi hin trng, quy hoch n nm 2015 v nh
hng n nm 2020.
- Theo vn : nh gi, phn tch thc trng cc ngun lc v iu kin t nhin,
hot ng sn xut NTTS v kinh t - x hi ngh c tnh B Ra Vng Tu; xy dng
cc kch bn quy hoch.
* Ni dung nghin cu
- nh gi cc ngun lc iu kin t nhin v kinh t - x hi lin quan n hot ng
nui trng thy sn;
- nh gi hin trng v hot ng nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu giai on
2003-2010;
- D bo pht trin;
- Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2015
v nh hng n 2020;
- Cc gii php ch yu thc hin quy hoch.
* Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu chung:

3
 Xy dng c cc quan im, nh hng v cc kch bn quy hoch da trn
phn tch, nh gi v thun li, kh khn, c hi v thch thc ca ngh nui trng thy
sn ca tnh trong giai on va qua v trong thi k ti, ng thi ph hp vi ch
trng ca tnh, cn i vi s pht trin chung ca vng v c nc, nhm pht trin
ngh NTTS theo hng hiu qu v bn vng; thc y tng trng kinh t, bo v mi
trng sinh thi, gp phn nng cao thu nhp, gim ngho ca cc a phng.
Mc tiu c th:
- S dng hp l v c hiu qu tim nng pht trin nui trng thy sn trong tnh.
- Phn tch, nh gi c nhng thun li, kh khn trong vic pht trin nui trng v
cc dch v thy sn trong thi gian qua, t a ra cc gii php pht trin ph hp.
- Xc nh cc vng nui tp trung, i tng nui, loi hnh nui trn c s qun l
hiu qu.
- a ra cc quan im, nh hng v cc phng n nui trng thy sn trn a bn tnh
mang tnh kh thi n nm 2015 v nh hng n 2020 theo hng hiu qu - bn vng.
4. Cch tin cn, phng php nghin cu, k thut s dng
* Cch tip cn:
- S dng phng php tip cn trc tip v gin tip thu thp cc thng tin, s
liu c lin quan phc v cho cng tc quy hoch. Phn loi cc ngun thng tin, cc loi
ti liu, s liu cn thu thp x l, phn tch nhanh, chnh xc.
* Phng php nghin cu:
- Thu thp d liu th cp t cc cp, cc ngnh c lin quan v hin trng nui
trng thy sn ca tnh.
- Thu thp d liu s cp thng qua phng php iu tra bng hi cu trc
nh gi hin trng sn xut ca ngi dn, nhng kt qu t c cng nh nhng kh
khn, tn ti. Mu c chn ngu nhin thu c s liu khch quan, mang tnh i
din v c th khi qut c vn cn nghin cu cho c vng.
- Phng php phng vn nhanh c s tham gia ca cng ng (RRA, PRA)
- Tham vn chuyn gia trn din rng v hp;
- Hi tho thu thp kin ng gp;
- Phn tch SWOT : phn tch nhng thi c, thun li; nhng kh khn, thch
thc.
* K thut s dng:
- S dng cc phn mm Excel, SPSS x l, phn tch, nh gi, qun l thng
tin, s liu.
- S dng phn mm chuyn dng Mapinfo xy dng bn , b tr r rng, th
hin sinh ng v mt khng gian hin trng v quy hoch.
5. Sn phm ca d n
* S lng sn phm:
Bo co: Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra-Vng Tu n 2015
v nh hng n nm 2020.

4
 + Bo co chnh: 10 quyn.
+ Bo co tm tt: 25 quyn.
Bn : B bn hin trng NTTS nm 2010 v quy hoch NTTS n nm 2020
t l 1/50.000 - 100.000: 02 b bn .
Cc bn lin quan thu nh kh giy A 3, A4 v ph lc c a vo trong bo
co.
* Qui cch sn phm:
- Bo co in bng kh giy A4, ng tp v c cu trc theo quy nh ca cc bo
co quy hoch hin hnh.
- Bo co quy hoch c ghi trn a CD.
- Cc bn th hin mu, trn kh giy A 0, bao gm ch gii pht trin, np trn
a CD v in trn kh giy A3 hoc A4 minh ha trong cc bo co.
- Cc hnh nh t liu m bo cht lng, th hin mu v bn quyn, tin cy s
dng.
6. B cc bo co
Bo co c trnh by bao gm 5 phn chnh:
- Phn th nht: iu kin t nhin, ngun li thy sn v kinh t-x hi lin
quan n nui trng thy sn
- Phn th hai: Hin trng sn xut nui trng thy sn giai on 2003-2010
- Phn th ba: D bo cc iu kin pht trin
- Phn th t: Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn n nm 2020
- Phn th nm: Cc gii php thc hin quy hoch

5
 Phan th 1
IU KIN T NHIN, NGUN LI THY SN
V KINH T - X HI LIN QUAN N
NUI TRNG THY SN

1.1. iu kin t nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin

1.1.1. V tr a l v n v hnh chnh
B Ra - Vng Tu thuc vng ng Nam B, nm trong vng trng im kinh t
pha Nam; thuc ta a l: t 10700001 n 107 03418 kinh ng, t
1001908 n 1004839 v Bc. Lnh th ca tnh gm hai phn: t lin v hi o.
Phn t lin: pha ng gip vi Bnh Thun, ng ranh gii di 29,26 km
thuc a phn huyn Xuyn Mc; pha Ty gip vi Tp.HCM, ng ranh gii di 16,33
km thuc a phn huyn Tn Thnh; pha Bc gip vi ng Nai di 116,5 km thuc a
phn cc huyn Tn Thnh, Chu c v Xuyn Mc; pha Nam v Ty Nam gip bin
ng, chiu di b bin l 305,4 km, trong chiu di b bin phn t lin 100 km.
Phn bin v hi o: Thm lc a vi trn 100.000 km 2 tip gip vi qun o
Trng Sa, ni y cha ng hai loi ti nguyn giu c l du m v hi sn, c huyn
o Cn o l mt qun o gm 14 hn o ln nh nm gia i dng cch Tp.
Vng Tu 185 km, cch Tp.HCM 230 km, cch ca sng Hu khong 83 km. Cn o c
v tr chin lc c bit quan trng, nm st vi ng hng hi quc t t u sang ,
ngay gia ng trng ln ca vng bin ng Nam B.
Hin ti, tnh B Ra - Vng Tu c 8 n v hnh chnh bao gm: Thnh ph
Vng Tu, Th x B Ra; cc huyn: Chu c, Xuyn Mc, Tn Thnh, Long in, t
v huyn o Cn o vi tng s 82 x, phng, th trn. Tng din tch t nhin
ton tnh nm 2010 l 1.989,5 km2, dn s 1.011.971 ngi, mt dn s trung bnh l
509 ngi/km2.
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu c v tr c bit quan trng v kinh t v quc phng, l
mt nh ca t gic thuc vng pht trin kinh t trng im pha Nam, nm trn trc
ng xuyn , thuc tin cng Tp. H Ch Minh, vng cng nghip du kh v khai thc
trng im ca c nc.
1.1.2. Kh hu, thi tit
B Ra - Vng Tu nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, chu nh hng ca i
dng. Nhit trung bnh nm kh cao (trn 27 oC) v tng i n nh, nhit trung
bnh nm 2010 l 28,14oC. S thay i nhit ca cc thng trong nm khng ln, nhit
thp nht vo thng 1(26,3oC), cao nht l vo thng 5 (30,8 oC).
S gi nng trong nm dao ng trong khong 2.344 2.694 gi v phn phi
tng i u cc thng trong nm. S gi nng cao tp chung vo cc thng 3, 4 v 5
(265 307 gi/thng) v t nht vo thng 12 (104 204 gi/thng).
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm thp (930,9 1.519.8 mm) v phn b khng u
theo thi gian, to thnh hai ma r rt: ma ma t thng 5 n thng 11, vi lng ma
ln chim 90% lng ma c nm; lng ma cn li phn b vo cc thng ma kh t
thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau. Nhn chung, t hng ng Bc n Ty Nam th lng
ma c xu th gim dn.

6
 m trung bnh nm khng cao, dao ng t 75 85% v tng i n nh,
chnh lch gia thng c m cao nht vi thng thp nht ch khong 10%.
Bng 1. 1: Mt s ch tiu v kh hu tnh B Ra Vng Tu giai on 2003 - 2010
Ch tiu vt 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
o
Nhit C 27,5 27,5 27,6 28,0 27,8 27,7 28,1
Gi nng gi 2.665,0 2.694,0 2.530,0 2.613,0 2.344,0 2.508,0 2.526,0
Lng ma nm mm 1.147,5 1.271,7 930,9 1.513,8 1.519,8 1.389,5 1.421,9
m tng i TB % 79,2 78,8 79,3 77,4 77,9 77,6 79,58

7
(Ngun: NGTK tnh BR-VT nm 2004 v nm 2008, 2010)
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu chu nh hng ca ba loi gi: gi ng Bc v gi Bc
thng xut hin vo u ma kh vi tc 1 5m/s. Gi chng xut hin vo ma
kh vi tc 4 5 m/s. Gi chng to nn sng bin ln lm cn tr ngh khai thc c
bin, gy xi l b v bao cc vng ngn mn v nui trng thy sn. Gi Ty v gi
Ty Nam xut hin t thng 5 n thng 11 (ma ma) vi tc 3 - 4 m/s . Huyn Cn
o, ma kh gi thnh hnh l gi ng v ng Bc, c lc sc gi t cp 6 7, ma
ma gi thnh hnh l gi Ty. Vng bin ny c nhiu dng nht trong nm, trung bnh
100 - 140 ngy dng/nm.
* Hin tng xm nhp mn: Ngoi tr vng ca sng b nhim mn, cc vng cn
li ca sng Dinh v sng Ray u ngt v l hai ni cung cp nc ngt quan trng cho
tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Tri li, sng Th Vi va rng va su, ng thi nh hng
trc tip thy triu bin ng nn hu nh b nhim mn quanh nm v ty thuc vo
ma m nhim mn ny c khc nhau, thng 3 v thng 4 trong nm mn t mc
17 18 0/00 v do nh hng ca khi nc di chuyn t bin v lu lng t thng
ngun nn vic pha trn khc nhau dn n mn bin ng khc nhau ty thuc vo v
tr v ma kho st.
i vi sng Dinh, tnh t thng ngun nu ly ranh gii mn l 5 o/oo th v ma
ma ranh gii mn nm gia khu vc cu C May v nh my in B Ra. Vo ma
ma ranh gii mn tin vo su hn nm gia p ly nc nh my nc v cu sng
Dinh trn Quc l 51A. Vo giao ma bin mn cng dao ng gia khu vc ny gia
cu sng Dinh v nh my in B Ra.
i vi sng Ray, vic xm nhp mn khng su vo t lin. Vo ma kh, thi
im lu lng nc thp nht mi pht hin ranh gii mn vo su. Vo ma ma do
lu lng nc kh ln nn ranh gii mn c y ra xa hn.
i vi h thng sng u , do nh hng ca thng ngun nhiu hn ca bin
nn thng n nh v ngt. Ch ring ma kh v giao ma mi quan st thy mn
khong 5o/oo khu vc vo h nui tm Bnh Chu.
* Bo: B Ra Vng Tu l khu vc rt t khi c bo (tn sut 4,2%/nm), tuy
nhin B Ra Vng Tu cng chu nh hng ca nhng cn bo hot ng khu vc
Trung B v Nam Trung B. Thi k bo hot ng trn bin Nam Trung B rt mun,
ch yu l t thng 9 - 12. Bo c sc gi yu v phn ln cc trn bo khng gy thit
hi ng k. Khi c bo xy ra thng i km hin tng nc bin dng cao 2 - 3 m, c
hi ti cc cng trnh ven bin. Bin Vng Tu t bo t hoc nh hng ca bo khng
ng k v th tr thnh ni tr ng tt cho cc thuyn b nh bt thy sn.
Kh hu B Ra - Vng Tu nhn chung c nn nhit cao, ma tp trung theo
ma, bin thy triu cao nn rt ph hp vi pht trin nui trng thy sn.

1.1.3. c im a hnh, th nhng

(1) c im a hnh
Nhn chung, a hnh ton tnh c xu hng thp dn theo hng ng Bc Ty
Nam. C th phn chia cc dng a hnh chnh ca tnh nh sau:

8
 - a hnh ni thp: bao gm nhng ni ri rc vi cao t 138 700 m, trong
nh cao nht l ni My Tu (gip tnh Bnh Thun) cao 704 m, ni thp nht l ni Nh
(Tp. Vng Tu) cao 138 m. Cc ni ny c dc t 20-30 0, thm thc vt ngho nn
nn qu trnh xi mn v ra tri kh mnh m.
- a hnh i ln sng: c cao t 20 150 m, bao gm nhng i t Bazan
to thnh nhng dy chy chy theo hng Bc xung Ty Nam. a hnh ny kh bng
v thoi, dc trung bnh t 1 - 80 v chim din tch ln nht so vi cc loi a hnh
khc, bao trm gn ht l khi t Bazan, mt t l ph sa c v cc cn ct.
- a hnh ng bng: c th chia a hnh ny thnh 2 dng:
+ Cc bc thm sng : C cao t 5 10 m, c ni cao 2-5 m chy dc theo ven
sng v thnh tng di hp c chiu rng t 4 - 5 m n 10 - 15 m, chiu di t 4 15
km. t y c ph sa bi p nn cht lng kh tt v vy hu ht c khai thc
a vo s dng.
+ a hnh trng trn trm tch m ly bin v m mn: l vng t thp v trng
nht ca tnh vi cao trnh t 0,3 2 m, c ni thp hn mt nc bin (-0,3 m). Vng
ny c mng li sng chng cht, thng xuyn ngp triu v c rng ngp mn che
ph. Trm tch vng ny rt giu Sulfurid l vt liu sinh phn.
(2) Th nhng
Vi din tch 198.740 ha, chia thnh 4 loi: t rt tt chim 19,60% din tch t
nhin, ch yu l t ph sa v t xm; t tt chim 26,40%; t trung bnh chim
14,4%; cn li 39,60% l t nhim phn, mn, t xi mn.
nh gi cc loi t ca B Ra - Vng Tu cho thy: Nhm t ph sa, t xm,
t en v t vng c ngha ln cho sn xut nng lm ng nghip chim
60,4%, t trng ny tng i ln so vi nhiu tnh trong c nc. Ngoi ra, cn mt t
trng ln t khng thun li cho pht trin nng nghip bao gm t ct, t nhim
phn, mn, t xi mn
(3) Hin trng s dng t
Ti thi im thng 01/2011 din tch t c a vo sn xut nng nghip l
147.470 ha chim 74,12%, trong phn din tch tng thm ch yu l thuc khu vc
t ct, nhim phn, nhim mn c a vo trng rng, lm mui v nui trng thy
sn.

9
 Bng 1. 2: Hin trng s dng t ca tnh ti thi im thng 01/2011
Stt Ch tiu Din tch (nghn ha) C cu (%)
Tng din tch t t nhin 198,95 100,00
1 t nng nghip 147,47 74,12
- t sn xut nng nghip 106,04 71,91
- t lm nghip c rng 33,51 22,72
- t nui trng thu sn 6,08 4,12
- t lm mui 1,14 4,12
- t nng nghip khc 0,7 0,47
2 t Phi nng nghip 49,65 24,96
- t 5,64 11,36
- t chuyn dng 33,08 66,63
- t tn gio, tn ngng 0,44 0,89
- t ngha trang 0,44 0,89
- t sng sui v mt nc chuyn dng 10,01 20,16
- t Phi nng nghip khc 0,04 0,08
3 t cha s dng 1,81 0,91
- t bng cha s dng 0,76 41,99
- t i ni cha s dng 0,95 52,49
- Ni khng c rng cy. 0,10 5,52
4 t c mt nc ven bin 0,02 0,01

10
(Ngun: NGTK tnh B Ra Vng Tu nm 2010)
* V xu hng dch chuyn c cu s dng t:
- t chuyn dng v t l 38,72 ngn ha (chim 19,64%) v ang c xu hng
tng
- t nng nghip c xu hng gim nh t 115,4 ngn ha nm 2000 cn 106,4
ngn ha nm 2010. Ngoi thnh qu khai thc mt phn t cha s dng vo sn xut
nng nghip, th mt phn t nng nghip chuyn sang t chuyn dng. t NTTS
c xu hng b thu hp dn t 7.793 ha nm 2005 xung cn 6.080 ha thi im thng
01/2011 ch yu do chuyn sang nhm t chuyn dng.
- Din tch t quy hoch lm nghip nm 2001 l 36.684 ha, n nm 2008 qua r
sot, din tch t lm nghip gim cn 33.510 ha (do chuyn mt phn sang s dng
cho mc ch nng nghip, cng nghip v mc ch khc). Vic gim t lm nghip tuy
khng nhiu gy ra nhiu hu qu v mi trng, cn phi nhanh chng khi phc li
qu t lm nghip trong nhng nm ti.
- t cha s dng gim dn, c khai thc tn dng cho cc mc ch khc.
Nm 2010 t cha s dng ch cn chim 0,91% din tch t t nhin.
Nhn chung, din tch t t nhin ca tnh B Ra - Vng Tu c xu hng tng
din tch t phi nng nghip m rng khu th, xy dng cc cng trnh s nghip,
c ly t ngun t cha s dng.
1.1.4. Ch thy vn
(1) H thng sng rch, h cha
H thng sng rch trn a bn tnh B Ra Vng Tu ch yu c 3 con sng
chnh:
Sng Th Vi - Ci Mp di 42 km, on chy qua tnh thuc huyn Tn Thnh v
th x B Ra di 25 km, rng 600 - 800 m, su 10-20 m, con sng ny c ngha rt ln
v giao thng ng thu, c bit l mt s v tr c th xy dng cng nc su cho
php cc loi tu 50-80 ngn tn c th ra vo c.
Sng Dinh c lu vc rng 300 km2, on chy qua tnh thuc huyn Chu c v
Th x B Ra di 30 km; Sng Ray di 120 km, lu vc 770 km 2, on chy qua tnh
thuc cc huyn Xuyn Mc, Chu c v t di 40km. Ngoi ra cn c mt h
thng cc con sng sui nh khc nh: Sng B p, sng L Nh....
c im ni bt ca cc sng sui ca tnh l lng sng nh hp, dng chy ngn.
V vy kh nng cung cp nc cng nh bi lng ph sa khng nhiu. Di tc ng ca
dng chy v hot ng ca sng, gi, thy triu nn c mt s khu vc ang b e da
bi hin tng xi l hai bn b sng.
Trn a bn tnh cng c mt s h cha, p thy li: H en din tch 487
ha vi dung tch khong 33 triu m 3, h Sui Dao dung tch khong 1 triu m 3 thuc
huyn Chu c; h Sng Ray, h xuyn Mc, thuc huyn Xuyn mc; h Chu Pha ,
h Gia Ko thuc huyn Tn Thnh; h Bng dung tch 11,35 triu m 3, h Bt Thing
(2,4 triu m3) thuc huyn Long in
(2) Ch thy vn

11
 Do nh hng ca ch ma ma nn ch dng chy trong cc sng sui
trong tnh cng c tnh phn ma r rt l ma kh v ma ma (l). Trong ma l
lng nc trong cc lu vc sng tng dn theo ch ma ma (t thng 5 n thng
10). nh l thng ri vo thng 10, lu lng dng chy vn cn ln cho n thng 11.
Ma kh bt u t thng 12 n thng 04 nm sau, mc nc trn cc sng sui xung
thp, gn nh kh kit. Nguyn do l v sng ngn, c dc ln, a cht thng l d
thm mt nc, thm thc vt u ngun cc h cha do tc ng ca con ngi ang
ngy cng thu hp, kh nng gi nc hn ch.
Do cu trc a hnh v phn b dng chy nn vo ma ma l thng gy ra
hin tng ngp ng cc b ti cc khu vc c a hnh thp, ven cc sng sui. Vo ma
kh li c nguy c thiu nc ti mt s khu vc.
Cc sng trong vng u thng ra bin ng nn chu nh hng ca ch bn
nht triu khng u, bin triu 2 3.5 m; nh hng ca thy triu su vo t lin
170 km i vi h thng sng ng Nai.
Vng bin chu nh hng ch yu ca 2 loi gi ma ng Bc v Ty Nam theo
ma r rt, cng gi khng cao, t c bo, nhng c nhiu dng. Khi c bo xy ra
thng i km hin tng nc bin dng cao 2 - 3 m, c hi ti cc cng trnh ven bin.
(3) Ch thy triu
Vng bin tnh B Ra Vng Tu c ch bn nht triu khng u. S ngy nht
triu khng ng k, hng ngy c hai ln con nc triu ln v hai ln nc triu xung vi
chnh lch r rt gia cao cc nc rng (cao v thp), gia gi cc nc ln (cao v
thp) trong ngy. Bin triu vng ny thuc loi ln t 3 4 m trong k nc cng. Bin
triu sng Th Vi l 4,29 m, sng Dinh l 4,25 m v sng Ray l 4,07 m. Mc nc triu
cc i sng th Vi l 1,60 m, sng Dinh l 1,55 m v Vng Tu l 1,53 m. Mc nc
triu cc tiu sng Th Vi l -3,01 m, sng Dinh l 2,98 m v Vng Tu l 3,01 m.

12
1.1.5. Ngun li thy sn
(1)Thy vc nc ngt
C s thc n t nhin trong cc h cha kh phong ph v thnh phn loi: Bao
gm 91 loi to (th t to Lc chim 26,57%, to Lam 26,37%, Silic 24,18%, to mt
15,38%, to gip 4,39% v to vng 1,09%), 56 loi ng vt ni (chim u th l chn
khp Arthropoda vi 48,21%, ngnh Aschelminthes 46,42%, protozoa 3,35%) v 23 loi
ng vt y thuc 5 lp v 3 ngnh (lp cn trng thy sinh Inserta 30,43%, Gastropoda
v Crustacea cng chim 21,74%, lp giun t t l 17,39% v Bivalvia chim 8,96% ).
Sinh vt ni t mt rt cao vo cc thng ma kh. To t 4.169.700 ct/l h
cha Sui Giu, ng vt ni t cc gi tr 244.250 con/m 3 (h Xuyn Mc), 294.000
con/m3 (h Bng), 44.165 con/m3 (h en) v 89.300 con/m3 (h Sui Giu); hoc
cc thng ma ma thc vt ni (to) t 506.450 ct/l (h Bng), 1.193.460 ct/l (h
en). C nhiu loi c u th l ngun thc n rt tt cho n c n ni gm c M
trng v c M hoa (Melosira glanulata var. angustissima h Bng, Glenodinium sp
h en, Melosira varians h cha Xuyn Mc,...)
Ging tm gai (Macrobrachium sp) xut hin vi mt cao nht ghi nhn c h
cha Xuyn Mc (378,08 ct/l); u trng cho c chp thng xut hin vi mt kh cao
h cha Bng (1,72-1,58 ct/m3) v en (1,19-5,08 ct/cm3).
Ngoi ra, ngun li thy sn trong vng ni ng ch yu c cc thy vc sng,
sui v mt s lng trng ngp nc trong ma ma. Tng din tch cc loi mt nc
ny khng ln; bi vy nng sut sinh hc khng cao. xc nh c 107 loi c,
thuc 15 h thuc h thng sng ng Nai v vng ln cn, trong c 94 loi sng
trong cc h. Tm nc ngt c 12 loi thuc h Palaemonidae, phn b khng u trong
tng thy vc.
(2) Thy vc nc l mn
C s thc n phiu sinh vt v thnh phn loi bao gm 74 loi to (trong to Silic
chim u th vi 79,72%, to lam 14,86%, to Gip 4,23%, to Lc 2,8% v to Mt 1,41%).
C 47 loi ng vt ni thuc 6 ngnh nhng chim u th l ngnh chn khp (Artropoda vi
70,21%; Mollusca 10,63%; Protozoa 8,51% cn li l ngnh dy sng Echinodermata 6,38%,
Aschelminthes 2,12%), sinh lng y thp hn nhiu so vi vng ven bin, ngoi tr mt
to kh cao vo thng 5/2001 cc trm Ci Mp (23.000 ct/l), Ph M (23.000 ct/l) v
Ph Xun (420.600 ct/l). ng vt y xc nh c 55 loi thuc 6 lp v 4 ngnh, bao gm
gip xc chim 43,63%, giun nhiu t 30,9%, nhuyn th 2 mnh v 14,54%, chn bng
7,27% v cui cng l 2 lp Scaphopoda, Ophiuroidea cng chim 1,81%.
Ngun li ging tm he (Panaeus) mt s trm nh G Gng (0,02ct/m 3), sng
C May (0,13 ct/m3) v sng Mi Gii (0,03 ct/m3). Trong khi u trng c con thng
xuyn xut hin hu ht trn cc trm vi mt t 0,03 7,89 ct/m3.
Ngoi ra theo ti iu tra kho st v xy dng phng n nui thy sn mn
l vng h lu sng Ray Lc An thng 12/2000 cho thy bt gp c 12 loi tm
thuc 4 h: Penaeidae (4 loi), Palaemonidae (6 loi), Sergestidae (1 loi), Alpheidae (1
loi). Gm 5 loi tm c gi tr kinh t: Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus,
Metapenaeus ensis, Metapenaeus lysianassa, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. V c, bt gp
48 loi c thuc 25 h, trong c c ngun gc nc l, bin chim a s v 4 loi c c
ngun gc nc ngt.

13
 Cc ngun li hi sn khc: Vng bin B Ra Vng Tu c ngun li nhuyn
th kh phong ph. Lp hai mnh v (Bivalvia): xc nh c 13 h vi 26 loi 2 mnh
v trong c cc loi c sn lng kh ln v c gi tr kinh t cao nh Trai Ngc,
Nghu, S, ip....ngoi ra cn mt s loi c gi tr kinh t khc nh: c gai, c t, c
m, c nn. Trong , cc i tng c gi tr kinh t cao c khai thc ph bin l: s
huyt, s , s lng, s ip, nghu la.
Thnh phn cc loi c vng ca sng ven b tnh B Ra - Vng Tu: c chy,
c mi, c cm, c lp, c ngt, c bn xa, c mn, c lit, c lit nh, c m, c hng
chm, c sao, c c, c sn, c chm, c nhng, c phn, c ngao, c , c chai, c lc,
c km, c ngu, c mang ch (mt qu), c i, c bn, c li mo, c li tru, c bng
cau, c bng su, c bng mt, c bng rnh vy nh, c bng l tre, c bng ct, c thi
li, c bng sao, c bng l (n cy), c ui. Trong o, cc lai c ngt, c m, c chai,
c lc, c hng l cc loi c gi tr kinh t cao. Ngun li rong bin nh: rong cu, rong
sn, rong nho,
(3) nh gi chung v ngun li thy sn
Bin ng Nam B ni chung v tnh B Ra Vng Tu ni ring l vng bin
nhit i nn ngun li hi sn c tnh cht a loi, h s kt n v mt kt n thp,
vng i ngn, kch thc c th nh, ma ko di quanh nm. Sc sinh sn trong mi
loi thp. Ngun li ven b khai thc n mc cho php. Khai thc vng bin xa b
cn hn ch. Sn lng khai thc hng nm vng bin xa b ang cn chim t l thp
so vi tng sn lng chung. i b phn ng dn cn ngho, thiu vn u t phng
tin my mc hin i khai thc xa b.
Ngun li sinh vt ph du kh phong ph v thnh phn ging loi. V sinh lng
tuy khng cao nhng cng khng thua g nhiu so vi cc khu vc khc. Tnh trng
ngun li thy sn trong nhng nm tr li y ang c xu hng gim dn, nht l
ngun li ni a v ngun li hi sn ven b. Cc i tng ch yu khai thc ti
ngng, ring i vi sn lng tm khai thc qu mc.
1.1.6. Cht lng mi trng nc nui trng thy sn
(1) Cht lng mi trng nc ngt
* Nc mt
Nc mt BR-VT ch yu do 4 con sng chnh cung cp, l: Sng Th Vi -
Ci Mp, Sng Dinh, Sng Ray v sng Bng Chua. Trn cc con sng ny c 3 h cha
ln l h en, h sng Ray, h Chu Pha. Theo kt qu quan trc mi trng ca
trung tm quan trc mi trng tnh nm 2009 th ngun nc trn cc con sng, rch, h
cha t nhiu b nhim mt s yu t nh cht hu c v du m
- Ngun nc Sng Dinh v sng Ray b nhim nh mt s yu t nh cht rn
l lng lng, vt mc cho php t 27-127mg/l (tiu chun cho php l 20mg/l). Mt s
khu vc b nhim st, dinh dng v vi sinh (theo tiu chun nc sinh hot). Hin ti
v tng lai, Sng Dinh v Sng Ray l ngun nc ch yu cho sn xut cng nghip,
nng nghip v sinh hot. Cc kho st bc u ch ra rng trn 2 con sng ny c th
xy dng c trn 20 cng trnh thu li vi tng dung tch khong 250 triu m 3 phc
v ti tiu, cp nc cho sinh hot, sn xut cng nghip.

14
 - Ngun nc Sng Th Vi - Ci Mp b nhim nng khng th dng cho sinh
hot cng nh sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip v NTTS. Cc ch tiu phn tch u
vt xa tiu chun cho php (kt qu kho st t 2 nm 2009 ca trung tm quan trc
mi trng tnh ti im cch khu x thi ca nh my Vedan 1 km cho thy: hm lng
cht rn l lng SS: 10mg/l 5,6mg/l; cht hu c BOD 5: 519mg/l 5,4mg/l; kim loi
nng (T-Fe :0,62mg/l - 0,18 mg/l, Zn: 0,187mg/l - 0,077mg/l, Cd: 0,047mg/l- KPH, Pb :
0,313 - KPH); amoni NH4+: 6,20mg/l 0,78mg/l; nitrat N-NO 3: <0,1 mg/l 0,433 mg/l,
nitrit N-NO2: 0,011 mg/l 0,267 mg/l; du m T-du: 0,5mg/l 4,5mg/l v vi sinh T-
coliform: 45 MPN/100ml 460MPN/100ml).
- Ti sng Bng Chua cng b nhim cht hu c vt qu mc cho php
nhiu ln.
- Cht lng nc h nhn chung cn tt, ch c mt s h b nhim cht dinh
dng, vi sinh (nu tnh theo tiu chun cht lng nc sinh hot). Vi trn 30 h ln
nh, l ngun d tr nc quan trng cho mc ch ti tiu phc v nng nghip, sn
xut cng nghip cng nh cp nc cho sinh hot. Cc h ln nh: H en (trn
sng Dinh) dung tch 24,5 triu m3, c kh nng cp 110.000m3/ngy - m; H Sng Ray
(trn sng Ray) c dung tch 130 - 140 triu m 3, c kh nng cung cp 450.000 - 600.000
m3/ngy - m; H Chu Pha (trn sng Dinh) c kh nng cp 15.000m3/ngy-m,
* Nc ngm
- Nc ngm ca tnh kh phong ph, tng tr lng c th khai thc l 70.000
m /ngy-m, tp trung vo 3 khu vc chnh l: B Ra 20.000 m 3/ngy-m; Ph M -
3

M Xun 25.000 m3/ngy-m; Long in 15.000 m3/ngy-m. Ngoi 3 vng trn kh

nng khai thc nc ngm ri rc khong 10.000 m3/ngy - m.
- Nc ngm trong tnh nm su 60 - 90m, c dung lng trung bnh t 10-
20m3/s nn khai thc tng i d dng.
Kt qu quan trc nc ngm ti mt s v tr trn a bn tnh nm 2009 (t ti
TX. B Ra v cc huyn Tn Thnh, Long in v Chu c) cho thy cht lng nc
ngm b nhim vi sinh vi mc cao hu ht cc im tin hnh quan trc v b
axit ha nh mt vi v tr. Cc thng s cn li bin ng khng u nhng vn nm
trong gii hn quy chun cho php.
Ngun nc ngt ca B Ra Vng Tu c th cho php khai thc ti a 500.000
m /ngy m (trong t nc ngm l 70.000 m 3). Hin ti ngun nc cn bn
3

cung cp cho sn xut nng nghip, cng nghip v sinh hot. Tuy nhin trong tng lai
vi mc s dng nc cho cc hot ng sn xut ngy cng tng, nguy c thiu nc
c th xy ra. c bit, tnh trng nhim ngun nc ngy cng tng m nguyn nhn
c xc nh l do cc hot ng cng nghip gy nn. Trn a bn tnh hin c 10 khu
cng nghip tp trung, hu ht u nm dc sng Th Vi v sng Dinh l nhng khu vc
kh nhy cm v mi trng nc. Cc cm cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip ti cc a
phng cng nm gn cc p nc, ngun nc C s h tng ti cc khu cng
nghip cha c h thng x l nc thi v cht thi hoc cha ng b nn cht thi t
y c thng xung sng.
(2) Cht lng mi trng nc bin
- Nc bin ven b ni tip nhn nc thi ca cc khu vc th, dn c nh: x
Lc An, cng c Phc Tnh, khu vc Sao Mai Bn nh vn cn tip tc b nhim.
Kt qu quan trc cc ch tiu vo 7/2009 c th nh sau:

15
 + Nc bin ven b khu vc x Lc An b nhim cht dinh dng. So snh
vi kt qu quan trc t II nm 2008, nhn thy: gim nh hm lng cht rn l lng
(SS: 64mg/l 29mg/l) v hm lng cht hu c; tng nh hm lng cht dinh dng;
gim mnh hm lng vi sinh (T-coliform: 11x103MPN/100ml 43 MPN/100ml).
+ Nc bin ven b khu vc cng c Phc Tnh b nhim hm lng cht
dinh dng v du m. So snh vi kt qu quan trc t II nm 2008, nhn thy gim
mnh hm lng cht rn l lng (SS: 80mg/l 29mg/l) v vi sinh (T-coliform:
24x102MPN/100ml 46x101 MPN/100ml); tng mnh hm lng cht hu c v hm
lng cht dinh dng(N-NH4: 0,26mg/l 1,21mg/l); tng nh hm lng du m (T-
du: 2,8mg/l - 4,0mg/l).
+ Nc bin ven b khu vc Sao Mai-Bn nh b nhim hm lng cht
dinh dng, du m v vi sinh. So snh vi kt qu quan trc t II nm 2008, nhn thy:
tng nh hm lng cht rn l lng (SS: 20mg/l 23mg/l) v cht dinh dng (N-NH 4:
0,34mg/l 0,63mg/l); gim nh hm lng cht hu c; tng mnh hm lng du m v
vi sinh (T-coliform: 93 MPN/100ml 46x102MPN/100ml).
- Nc bin ven b ti cc khu vc du lch, phc v cho bi tm nh: khu vc Bi
Trc, Bi Sau, Bi Du, Bi tm Long Hi, khu vc H Cc nhn chung cht lng
nc c chuyn bin theo chiu hng tt. Ti thi im tin hnh quan trc cc khu vc
ny vn cha b nhim cht rn l lng (TSS), cht hu c (BOD5) v vi sinh. So snh
vi kt qu quan trc t II/2008 cho thy:
+ Ti khu vc Bi Trc: tng nh hm lng cht rn l lng (SS: 31mg/l
34mg/l) v hm lng cht hu c (BOD 5: < 0,3mg/l 3,8mg/l); gim mnh hm lng
vi sinh (T-coliform: 15x102MPN/100ml 43 MPN/100ml).
+ Ti khu vc Bi Sau: gim nh hm lng cht rn l lng; tng mnh hm
lng cht hu c (BOD5: < 0,3mg/l 10,1mg/l); gim mnh hm lng vi sinh (T-
coliform: 240MPN/100ml 93MPN/100ml).
+ Ti khu vc Bi Du: tng nh hm lng cht rn l lng v cht hu c
(BOD5: < 3mg/l 9,7mg/l); gim mnh hm lng vi sinh (T-coliform:
93x101MPN/100ml 9MPN/100ml).
+ Ti khu vc bi tm Long Hi: gim mnh hm lng cht rn l lng v vi sinh
(T-coliform: 24x102MPN/100ml 240MPN/100ml); gim nh hm lng cht hu c
(BOD5: 5,1mg/l 4,7mg/l).
- Nc bin khu vc huyn o Cn o khng c s liu quan trc thng xuyn
nn khng th ng gi chnh xc cht lng nc tuy nhin do dn c cn t, lng cht
thi thi ra khng nhiu trong khi kh nng trao i nc li rt cao nn c th s b nh
gi l cha b nhim.
1.2. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010
1.2.1. Tng trng v chuyn dch c cu kinh t
Tc tng trng bnh qun GDP ca tnh giai on 2003-2010 (c du kh) t
2,3%/nm, t 31.253 t ng nm 2003 tng ln 36.569 t ng nm 2010, so vi nhiu
tnh trong vng th tc tng cn kh khim tn. Ngnh Thu sn c tc tng trng
cao nht trong giai on ny, t 12,1%/nm vi GDP nm 2010 t 1.276 t ng; tip
n l ngnh Nng - Lm nghip t 10,4%/nm vi GDP nm 2010 t 1.460 t ng;
ngnh dch v v cng nghip - xy dng c tc tng trng thp, tc tng tng
ng l 5,7% v 1%.

16
 Bng 1. 3: GDP tnh BR-VT theo gi so snh 1994 giai on 2003-2010 (t ng)
Danh mc 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TTBQ
GDP cha tr du 31.25 35.62 35.24 32.99 34.32 34.97 36.56 2,3%
kh 3 0 9 0 4 3 9
- Nng, Lm 729 883 891 939 1.244 1.384 1.460 10,4%
- Thy sn 575 670 740 735 1.196 1.385 1.276 12,1%
- Cng nghip, XD 25.903 29.778 29.174 26.659 26.898 27.102 27.860 1,0%
- Dch v 4.046 4.289 4.444 4.657 4.986 5.102 5.973 5,7%
GDP tr du kh 14.86 20.19 18.95 20.06 21.64 23.32 26.53 8,6%
6 2 2 6 1 9 8
- Nng, Lm 729 883 891 939 1.244 1.384 1.460 10,4%
- Thy sn 575 670 740 735 1.196 1.385 1.276 12,1%
- Cng nghip, XD 9.516 14.350 12.877 13.735 14.215 15.403 17.829 9,4%
- Dch v 4.046 4.289 4.444 4.657 4.986 5.157 5.973 5,7%
(Ngun: NGTK tnh BR-VT)
Mc d c du hiu gim dn trong giai on 2003-2010, song Cng nghip-Xy
dng vn l ngnh chim phn ln trong tng GDP ca tnh. S d gi tr sn xut Cng
nghip-Xy dng t cao l nh xut khu du kh. T trng ca cc ngnh thuc khu vc
I trong giai on ny c xu hng tng ln. C th, i vi Nng - Lm nghip tng t
2,3% ln 4% (nu tr du kh l 4,9% tng ln 5,5%), cn i vi Thu sn tng t 1,8%
ln 3,5% (nu tr du kh l 3,9% tng ln 4,8%). C cu kinh t tnh BR VT theo
hng: Cng nghip - Xy dng; Dch v; Nng Lm v Thy sn.
Bng 1. 4: C cu GDP theo gi hin hnh tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010 (%)
Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
GDP cha tr du 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
kh
- Nng, Lm 2,3 2,1 2,5 2,5 2,8 3,6 4,0 4,0
- Thy sn 1,8 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,2 3,5 4,0 3,5
- Cng nghip, XD 82,9 85,1 83,6 82,8 80,8 78,4 77,5 76,2
- Dch v 12,9 11,1 12,0 12,6 14,1 14,5 14,6 16,3
GDP tr du kh 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
- Nng, Lm 4,9 4,5 4,4 4,7 4,7 5,7 5,9 5,5
- Thy sn 3,9 3,5 3,3 3,9 3,7 5,5 5,9 4,8
- Cng nghip, XD 64,0 68,7 71,1 67,9 68,4 65,7 66,0 67,2
- Dch v 27,2 23,2 21,2 23,4 23,2 23,0 22,1 22,5

17
(Ngun: NGTK tnh BR-VT)
1.2.2. Dn s, lao ng v t l h ngo
(1) Dn s v mt dn s
Dn s tnh B Ra - Vng Tu tng t 885 ngn ngi nm 2003 ln 1.011,97
ngn ngi nm 2010 (tng bnh qun 1,9%/nm). T l tng dn s t nhin gim dn t
1,37% nm 2003 cn 1,23% nm 2006 v 1,2% nm 2010.
Nm 2010, dn s sng khu vc thnh th chim khong 49,9%, khu vc nng
thn khong 50,1% v dn s nam, n chim t l 50%. Mt dn s trung bnh t 509
ngi/km2 , cao hn so vi mt dn s trung bnh ca c nc (257 ngi/km 2 ). T l
tng dn s chung nm 2008 l 2,16%, trong tng c hc 0,3%, t l ny gim dn so
vi giai on 1995 -2005. Bnh qun mi nm c khong 10 ngn ngi t a phng
khc nhp c vo tnh th giai on 2003 - 2010 ch cn khong 5 ngn ngi.

Bng 1. 5: Din bin dn s tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010

Danh mc n v 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 TTBQ
Tng s 1.000 ngi 885 931,4 952,6 973 994,8 1.011,97 1,9%
Mt Ngi/Km2 445 468 479 489 500 509 1,9%
Trong :
Thnh th 1.000 ngi 390 407,9 421,3 474,9 486,6 504,508 3,7%
T l % % 44,1 43,8 44,2 48,8 48,9 49,9
Nng thn 1.000 ngi 495 523,5 531,3 498,1 507,6 507,463 0,4%
T l % % 55,9 56,2 55,8 51,2 51,1 50,1
Chia theo gii
Nam 1.000 ngi 443 466,3 477,4 487,7 497,4 505,771 1,9%
T l % % 50 50,1 50,1 50,1 50 50,0
N 1.000 ngi 442 465,1 475,2 485,3 496,8 506,2 2,0%
T l % % 50 49,9 49,9 49,9 50 50,0
T l tng dn s % 1,03 1,03 2,28 2,16 2,16 1,34
T l tng t nhin % 1,37 1,29 1,23 1,22 1,19 1,2
T l tng c hc % -0,34 -0,26 1,05 0,94 0,97 0,14

18
(Ngun: NGTK tnh BR-VT)
(2) Lao ng v vic lm
S liu t Cc Thng k B Ra-Vng Tu cho thy, hin nay, mi nm ton tnh
c khong 20 ngn ngi b sung vo lc lng lao ng, ring nm 2010 khong 13.600
lao ng. S di do ca lc lng ny thc s ang to ra c hi ln cho s pht trin
kinh t ca tnh. Mt khi lc lng ny c tn dng ti a tr tu, sc lao ng vo sn
xut, iu tt yu s to ra nhiu ca ci vt cht, to ra gi tr tch lu ln cho tng lai
ca tnh.
C cu dn s ca tnh ang tin v c cu dn s vng (c cu m theo cc nh
kinh t hc l c cu rt thun li cho pht trin kinh t ca mt t nc). nm bt
c c hi vng ny, theo kinh nghim ca cc nc tn dng tt thi k dn s
vng nh Nht, Hn Quc hay Singapore, tnh cn ban hnh v thc hin nhm chnh
sch ph hp v gio dc v o to; lao ng, vic lm v ngun nhn lc; chm sc y t
v an sinh x hi.
Bng 1. 6: C cu dn s tnh BR-VT chia theo tui G 2003 - 2010 (ngn ngi)
Stt Danh mc 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
* Tng dn s 885 931,4 952,6 973 994,8 1012,0
1 S ngi trong tui L 543,9 582,3 601,4 621,4 642,8 669,7
Lng tng hng nm 19,3 19,1 20 21,4 13,6
2 S ngi tui ph thuc 341,1 349,1 351,2 351,6 352 342,3
T l gia nhm trong tui 1,59 1,67 1,71 1,77 1,83 2,0
L so vi nhm ph thuc
(Ngun: NGTK tnh BR-VT)
(3). Lao ng bnh qun ca h gia nh
T l lao ng bnh qun so vi nhn khu bnh qun trong mi h gia nh cng
c tc ng n thu nhp bnh qun ca cc thnh vin trong h, t l ny cng cao th thu
nhp bnh qun cng cao. Nu qui m h gim, t trng lao ng bnh qun trong h tng
ln th thu nhp bnh qun ngy cng tng ln.
Bng 1. 7: Lao ng bnh qun ca h gia nh tnh BR-VT (VT: ngi)
Lao ng bnh qun h 2002 2004 2006 2010
Chung 2,78 2,90 2,78 2,95
Chia ra: -Thnh th 2,73 2,90 2,88 2,99
- Nng thn 2,83 2,90 2,70 2,91
Chia theo: - H ngho 2,43 2,70 2,67 -
- H khng ngho 2,81 2,90 2,79 -
Chia theo Dn tc: -Kinh v Hoa 2,79 2,90 2,76 -
-Dn tc khc 1,63 2,40 3,25 -

19
(Ngun: Bo co kho st i sng h gia nh tnh BR-VT)
(4). T l h ngho ca tnh
Thc hin chng trnh "Xo i gim ngho" ca quc gia, tnh c nhiu gii
php h tr cho s h ngho nh h tr vn sn xut, m cc lp ngn ngy ph bin
kinh nghim sn xut, giao t khon rng . . cho vay d n nh... i vi h ngho tr
em c ngnh giao dc m cc lp hc tnh thng, xt min cc khon ng gp, tr
cp v xt hc bng cho cc em hng nm.
Ngoi ra, Tnh rt ch trng n gii php quan trng nhm xo i gim ngho l
u t nhng cng trnh thit yu phc v sn xut v i sng cho ton b cng ng
nh xy dng mi hoc nng cp h thng giao thng, cng trnh thu li, in, nc,
trng, trm. . .
Theo s liu ca S Lao ng thng binh v x hi t l h ngho theo chun
quc gia qua cc nm: nm 2003 t l h ngho ca tnh l:5,24%, nm 2004 l: 3,5%,
nm 2005 l: 9,92%, nm 2006 l: 9,92%, nm 2007 l: 5,9% v nm 2008 l: 1,85%.
T l h ngho theo chun ca tnh (c mc thu nhp bnh qun khu vc thnh th
l 400.000 ng/ngi/thng v khu vc nng thn l 300.000 ng/ngi/thng) th nm
2005 l 25,65%; nm 2006 l 17,9%; nm 2007 l 17,9%, nm 2008 l 5,8%.
1.3. nh gi chung v iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi v mi trng
* Thun li
- B Ra - Vng Tu c kh hu m p, s gi nng cao, t chu nh hng ca bo;
vng bin c tr lng thy sn phong ph, nhiu loi c gi tr kinh t cao,... rt thun
li cho cho pht trin khai thc v nui trng thy sn.
- Nm ca ng ca Vng Kinh t trng im pha Nam nn rt thun li trong
vai tr l trung tm trung chuyn hng ho. C v tr ngy cng quan trng trong cc
chng trnh hp tc tiu vng sng M Kng m rng (GMS).
- Tnh B Ra Vng tu cng l trung tm khai thc, nui trng thy sn ca
vng v l a phng cung cp mt phn ln ngun thc phm t hi sn cho cc a
phng khc trong vng.
- C cu dn s ca tnh thun li cho pht trin KT-XH. Ngun lao ng di do
c bit lng lao ng trong tui c kh nng lm vic nhng cha kim c vic
lm cn kh ln (chim t 10 - 13%).
- Vng bin tnh B Ra - Vng Tu c ch bn nht triu khng u ca bin
ng v bin triu trn 4 m. y l mt thun li cho vic tit kim nng lng trong
qu trnh cp thot nc cc vng nui thy sn ven bin. Tuy nhin cng cn c bit
lu n tnh kin c cc cng trnh v s dn n gi thnh cng trnh cao hn.
- Vi li th b bin di hn 216 km (t lin v Cn o), cng vi h thng
sng ln, nh v h thng cc h t nhin khp cc huyn trong tnh l ni c ngun li
thy sn phong ph v a dng, nhiu loi c tm c gi tr. Thm vo cc thy vc c
c s thc n t nhin phong ph v a dng thch hp vi nhiu i tng nui thy hi
sn c gi tr cao. Cc vng sinh thi khc nhau c th nui nhiu loi i tng thy sn
c gi tr kinh t.
* C hi
- Ton cu ha v hi nhp kinh t quc t l c hi cho mt tnh nng ng nh
B Ra Vng Tu pht trin ton din cc ngnh, lnh vc trong pht trin ngnh
thy sn c coi l th mnh v chin lc.

20
 - Nm trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam, mt trong nhng vng kinh t si
ng nht c nc, c kt cu h tng k thut (giao thng, cng bin, dch v hu cn,...)
tt, ngun lao ng di do v l trung tm tiu th hng ha ln. y l c hi cho cc
nh u t pht trin sn xut kinh doanh, trong c lnh vc NTTS.
*Kh khn
- Vi qu t c hn s dng pht trin cc ngnh kinh t c quy m ln trn
cng mt khng gian, do xy ra cc mu thun trong pht trin gia cc ngnh nh:
nui trng thy sn vi du lch, lm nghip, nng nghip, cng nghip, thVic gii
quyt cc chng ln ny trong tng lai l rt kh khn v tn km. Tnh cn phi c
nhng cn nhc la chn ngnh no c li th so snh, to c s pht trin bn vng
nht t ra quyt sch ng n.
- Tim nng nui trng thy sn ca tnh khng ln nh cc tnh vng BSCL, do
ngnh ch yu pht trin mnh lnh vc khai thc v ch bin thy sn. Trong xu
hng ti nguyn ngun li thy sn ngy cng c nguy c cn kit th ngun nguyn liu
cung cp cho ch bin cha th ch ng.
- Mc d lao ng di do nhng thu ht lao ng cho ngnh thy sn cng l
mt vn kh khn do thu nhp t cc ngnh kinh t khc cao hn so vi thy sn.
Trong khi hin nay, gi c chi ph u vo phc v cho khai thc thy sn tng rt cao
hn ch s pht trin ca ngh trong c s gim lao ng nh bt thy sn.
- Nui trng thy sn b hn ch v din tch nui, cng nh m hnh v cc d n
nui thy sn, lao ng trong ngh nui trng thy sn i hi phi c kinh nghim v
trnh k thut nn to vic lm cng cn nhiu bt cp.
* Thch thc
- C cu kinh t ca tnh ch yu l cng nghip xy dng, dch v do ngnh
nng lm thy sn ni chung v thy sn ni ring s b cnh tranh v rt nhiu mt
nh: lao ng, vn, d n u t, t ai sn xut.
- che ph ca rng u ngun gim nn ma ma l thng gy ra ng lt.
Trong khi ma kh dng chy li cn kit gy ra hn hn, ng thi nc mn dng
cao nh hng n sn xut nng nghip ni chung v NTTS ni ring. Ngun nc ngt
hn ch, cht lng nc mt s khu vc ang b nhim (sng Th Vi) hoc c nguy
c nhim (sng Dinh), li phn b khng u nh hng xu n nui trng thy sn.
- Nm trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam BR VT s gp nhiu iu kin
thun li nh trn nhng cng s gp phi s cnh tranh rt ln vi cc tnh, Thnh ph
trong khu vc v nhiu lnh vc kinh t - x hi, trong c thy sn.

21
 Phan th 2
HIN TRNG SN XUT NUI TRNG THY SN
GIAI ON 2003 - 2010

2.1. Hin trng nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu

2.1.1. Din tch tim nng v kh nng NTTS
Din tch tim nng nui thy sn trong tnh theo thng k c khong 16.153 ha
bao gm din tch cc ao h nc ngt, cc m nc l v din tch cc vng bin c
kh nng pht trin NTTS. Tim nng din tch nui thy sn nc ngt l 2.613 ha, nc
l l 12.940 ha, nc mn l 600 ha. Din tch c th pht trin nui trng thy sn ln
nht l Tn Thnh vi khong hn 6.800 ha k n l thnh ph Vng Tu khong hn
3.300 ha, th x B Ra hn 2.200 ha.
Bng 2. 1 : Tim nng din tch NTTS tnh B Ra Vng Tu (VT: ha)
Stt Danh mc DT NTTS nc ngt DT NTTS nc l DT mt bin NTTS Tng
I Tng DT tim nng 2.613 12.940 600 16.153
1 Tp. Vng Tu 160 2.940 200 3.300
2 TX. B Ra 380 1.820 - 2.200
3 H. Tn Thnh 766 6.034 - 6.800
4 H. Chu c 388 - - 388
5 H. Long in 329 398 - 727
6 H. t 210 1.058 - 1.268
7 H. Xuyn Mc 280 690 - 970
8 H. Cn o 100 - 400 500
(Ngun: S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra Vng Tu, 2009)
(1) Vng nui thy sn nc ngt
Nm trong din tch ca t nng nghip bao bm din tch nui ao trong cc t
th c, h cha nc, nui xen trong cc rung, mng vn,... Trong 2.594 ha tim
nng bao gm din tch trong ao nui khong 528 ha nm phn tn cc huyn. Din tch
nui nm ri rc khp cc huyn trong tnh c vng nc ngt bao gm ton b huyn
Chu c, cc x M Xun, Chu Pha, Tc Tin, Sng Xoi thuc huyn Tn Thnh; cc
phng Phc Hng, Phc Hip, Phc Trung, Phc Nguyn, x Long Phc, Ha
Long thuc TX B Ra; cc x Phc Bu, Phc Tn, Xuyn Mc, Bng Trang, Ha
Hi, Bng Ring thuc huyn Xuyn Mc; cc x An Nht, Long in, Tam Phc thuc
huyn Long in; cc x Phc Thanh, Phc Hi, Lc An, Long M, Phc Hi, Lng
Di, Long Tn, Phc Long Th, Phc Thch thuc H. t ; phng 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10
thuc Tp.Vng Tu v huyn Cn o.
H cha nc ngoi mc ch chnh l phc v cho sn xut nng nghip cn c
th kt hp nui trng thy sn. Hin tnh c trn 30 h cha h thy li vi din tch
2.066 ha, din tch ny c kh nng cn ln hn na khi xy dng hon thnh nhiu nhiu
h thy li khc. Ngoi ra, din tch cn c th cao hn nhiu nu tn dng tt vic th
nui kt hp vi trng la nhng vng rung trng.

22
 (2) Vng nui thy sn l, mn
Tp trung ch yu cc vng h lu cc con sng: sng Th Vi, sng Dinh, sng
Ray; cc khu t trng nhim mn gip theo cc ca sng; cc khu rng ngp mn ven
bin. Tng din tch tim nng khong 12.940 ha, trong , din tch tim nng nc l
chuyn cho pht trin nui trng thy sn l 5.823 ha, din tch rng ngp mn c th kt
hp pht trin nui trng thy sn l 5.972 ha. Tuy nhin, trong thc t hai loi din tch
ny thng an xen nhau nn rt kh phn nh ranh gii din tch mt nc nui thy
sn ca chng. Din tch chuyn i t cc vng t trng la b nhim mn, nng sut
thp, km hiu qu chuyn sang nui trng thy sn nc l khong 1.164 ha.
Vng nui trng thy sn l mn tp trung mt s x thuc cc huyn ven bin
trong tnh nh: x Phc Ha, M Xun, Tn Phc, thuc huyn Tn Thnh; x Phc
Thun, Phc Bu, Bnh Chu thuc huyn Xuyn Mc; X Lc An, Lng Di huyn
t ; phng Phc Trung, Long Hng thuc th x B Ra; x Long Sn, phng
12, Tp. Vng Tu. Trong nhng vng c cht lng nc kh thun li cho nui trng
thy sn bao gm khu vc cc x ven bin thuc th x B Ra, khu vc h lu sng
Dinh, sng Ray.
(3) Vng nui thy sn mn
Bao gm cc vnh ven bin nh: vnh Bn m, vnh Cn Sn v vnh ng Bc
thuc huyn Cn o. Vng bin ny c bit thch hp cho vic pht trin cc i tng
hi sn c gi tr kinh t cao nh nui c m, c hng, c bp, tm hm,... bng lng b,
nui trng rong bin v nui ngc trai ly ngc,.... Din tch cc eo vnh ca sng ven
bin khong 600 ha. Khu vc bin cho php nui thuc bin Vn quc gia Cn o.
2.1.2. Din bin din tch NTTS
Tim nng NTTS ca tnh B Ra Vng Tu l kh ln. Tuy nhin, vic pht
trin NTTS ca tnh trong nhng nm qua vn gp khng t kh khn, ch yu do mu
thun li ch vi cc ngnh kinh t khc c bit l vi hot ng sn xut cng nghip v
du lch. Tnh trng nhim mi trng xy ra ngy cng nghim trng, nht l cc khu
vc c nhiu tim nng cho pht trin NTTS nh huyn Tn Thnh, TP.Vng Tu, TX.
B Ra, Din tch NTTS tng i n nh t nm 2003 2008, nhng c xu gim
trong nm 2009 v 2010. Din tch NTTS nm 2010 l 7.852 ha, trong din tch nui
nc ngt l 1.665 ha (chim 21%) v din tch nui mn l l 6.193 ha (chim 79%); s
lng nui lng b trn vng ca sng v trn bin n nm 2010 l 3.290 lng.
Din tch nui gim ch yu l vi cc hnh thc nui tm S BTC v QCCT do
vic chuyn dn din tch nui ny sang cc hnh thc nui khc hoc sang cc loi hnh
kinh t khc c li ch cao hn.
Bng 2. 2 Din bin din tch v lng b NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010

23
 Danh mc vt 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
* Tng DT a vo NTTS ha 8.803 8.860 8.947 8.952 8.952 8.952 7.823 7.852
1. Din tch nui ngt ha 1.546 1.557 1.557 1.57 1.55 1.556 1.557 1.655
4 8
- Nui ao h nh " 63 79 80 78 88 91 92 135
- Mt nc ln " 1.483 1.478 1.477 1.477 1.457 1.457 1.457 1.460
- Nui rung trng " - - - 19 13 8 8 60
2. Din tch nui mn, l ha 7.257 7.303 7.390 7.37 7.39 7.396 6.266 6.197
8 4
- Tng DT nui tm " 7.245 7.291 7.378 7.134 6.861 6.863 5.828 5.853
+ Tm s " 7.245 7.291 7.378 7.134 6.861 6.839 5.804 5.523
* Nui thm canh " 480 510 590 548 590 590 590 390
* Bn thm canh " - - - 1.01 1.30 1.305 1.335 510
7 5
* Qung canh ci tin " 3.720 3.750 3.778 1.29 1.49 1.473 1.453 1.595
5 5
* Qung canh " 3.045 3.031 3.010 4.27 3.47 3.471 2.426 3.028
4 1
+ Tm chn trng " - - - - - 24 24 330
- Nui nhuyn th bi bi " 12 12 12 218 246 246 182 90
+ Ngao, nghu " 10 10 10 105 152 152 152 0
+ S huyt " - - - 15 25 25 25 30
+ Hu " 2 2 2 36 59 59 59 60
- Nui c bin trong ao/m " - - - 49 256 256 256 250
- Nui c lng/b lng 1.275 2.400 3.200 3.125 3.150 3.100 3.250 3.290
+ C m " 960 1.800 2.275 2.275 2.350 2.350 2.300 2.355
+ C gi v c bin khc " 315 600 925 850 800 750 950 935
- Nui trai ngc ha 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

24
 Nui tm v nui nhuyn th tip tc c u t nm nng cao nng sut v sn
lng. Din tch nui TC v BTC c u t m rng thay th dn cc hnh thc nui
QCCT km hiu qu.
Nui hi sn khu vc ven bin v trn bin ang l mt hng i mi ha hn
nhiu tim nng pht trin. Mt s i tng nui c gi tr kinh t cao c a vo sn
xut nh c m, c gi, c chim trng, ngc trai, hu, nghu mang li mt din mo
mi cho ngh NTTS.
Cc m hnh nui nng sut cao c gia tng u t, dn tip cn cc quy trnh
nui t tiu chun GMP, CoC v GAP v an ton cht lng cc i tng thy sn.
Nui thy sn nc ngt tuy khng phi l th mnh ca tnh nhng vn c duy
tr v pht trin mc c th so vi tim nng.

Hnh 2. 1: Din bin din tch NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010
2.1.3. Nng sut, sn lng v GTSX NTTS
(1) Din bin giai on 2003-2010
NTTS pht trin theo hng gim dn cc din tch nui km hiu qu (ch yu l
cc m hnh nui QC, QCCT) nn sn lng vn gia tng hng nm do s pht trin cc
m hnh nng sut cao. Nng sut v sn lng nui lin tc c nng ln qua tng nm.
Nng sut NTTS bnh qun tng t 0,62 tn/ha nm 2003 ln 2,53 tn/ha nm 2010.
Trong mc tng nng sut cao nht thuc nhm cc i tng nc l mn m ch
yu l nng sut nui tm vi mc tng t 0,52 tn/ha nm 2003 ln 2,05 tn/ha nm
2010. Nui nc ngt mc tng nng sut nui l khng ln (t 0,87 tn/ha ln 1,56
tn/ha).
Sn lng nui theo cng c mc tng kh nhanh c bit l giai on t nm
2007 2010. Nm 2007 sn lng NTTS t 11.500 tn, tng ln 19.880 tn nm 2010,
tng gp 3,6 ln nm 2003 v 1,73 ln nm 2007.
Trong c cu sn lng NTTS, nui thy sn nc l mn chim t trng ch yu
v khng ngng gia tng vi 75,3% nm 2003 v 87% nm 2010. Nui thy sn nc
ngt chim t trng kh khim tn vi ln lt l 24,7% v 13%.
Bng 2. 3: Din bin sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010 (vt: tn)

25
 Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
* Tng sn lng NTTS 5.468 7.352 8.624 11.102 11.500 18.263 19.629 19.880
1. Sn lng TS nc ngt 1.352 1.607 1.700 1.426 1.606 1.565 1.555 2.580
+ C tra 268 216 213 - - - - -
+ C r phi 542 589 726 144 181 211 222 850
+ i tng khc 540 802 761 1.282 1.365 1.354 1.333 1.730
2. S.lng nui nc mn, l 4.116 5.745 6.924 9.676 9.894 16.698 18.074 17.300
- Tm nui 3.773 4.816 5.477 6.072 6.908 10.803 11.855 12.000
+ Tm s 3.773 4.816 5.477 6.072 6.908 10.638 11.181 7.430
+ Tm chn trng - - - - - 165 674 4.570
- C 103 376 400 420 341 455 580 4.060
+ C bin nui lng/b 103 376 400 200 284 378 472 1.310
+ C bin nui ao/m - - - 220 57 76 108 2.750
- Thy sn khc 239 553 1.046 3.184 2.645 5.440 5.639 1.240
+ Nhuyn th 239 553 1.046 418 1.417 1.198 1.358 1.240
Ngao, Nghu 239 553 1.046 278 923 761 875 0
S huyt - - - 18 67 58 116 240
Hu - - - 106 398 320 367 1.000
+ Khc - - - 2.766 1.228 4.242 4.281 0

26
(Ngun: S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra-Vng Tu)

Hnh 2. 2: Din bin sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT giai on 2003-2010

GTSX NTTS (theo gi thc t) lin tc gia tng qua cc nm vi mc tng bnh
qun khong 27,3%/nm (t 115 t ng nm 2003 ln 623,657 t ng nm 2010).
Trong c cu GTSX ngnh thy sn, GTSX NTTS chim t trng kh khim tn so vi
KTTS v khng c nhiu bin ng k t nm 2003 n nay. T trng GTSX ngnh
NTTS chim cao nht vo nm 2004 vi 15,1% tng GTSX ngnh thy sn, thp nht
vo nm 2005 vi 6,1%. Nm 2010 GTSX ca NTTS t 7,65%.
GTSX NTTS (theo gi so snh) nm 2010 l 248,682 t ng, tng gp 6,5 ln so
vi nm 2003 (38 t ng).
2) Hin trng nm 2010
Nm 2010, tng din tch nui trng ca tnh l 7.852 ha trong , din tch nui
nc ngt t 1.655 ha; din tch nui mn l l 6.197 ha, bao gm: din tch nui tm S
5.523 ha, nui tm Chn trng 330 ha, nui c mn l 250 ha v nui trai ly ngc 4 ha.
n 2010, tng s lng b nui c bin l 3.290 lng.
Bng 2. 4: Thc trng v din tch v sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT nm 2010
TP. TX.
Long t Tn Chu Xuyn Cn
Stt Danh mc Vng B Tng
in Thnh c Mc o
Tu Ra
I Din tch (ha) 3.500 1.080 450 520 900 660 738 4 7.852
1 Nc ngt 0 60 50 240 370 660 275 0 1.655
2 Nc l mn 3.500 1.020 400 280 530 0 463 4 6.197
- Tm S 3.420 790 350 250 320 0 393 0 5.523
- Tm Chn trng 0 200 50 30 0 0 50 0 330
- C mn l 0 30 0 0 200 0 20 0 250
- Nhuyn th 80 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 90
- Trai ngc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
3 C bin (lng) 3.200 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 3.290
II Sn lng (tn) 6.084 4.966 1.284 1.446 3.457 925 1.683 36 19.880
a Tm 3.739 4.455 1.149 919 566 0 1.202 0 12.030
b C 1.280 511 135 527 2.716 890 463 36 6.558
c Thy sn khc 1.065 0 0 0 175 35 18 0 1.293
III Nng sut TB 1,7 4,6 2,9 2,8 3,8 1,4 2,3 - 2,5

27
(Ngun: S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra - Vng Tu)
Din tch NTTS tp trung ch yu Tp Vng Tu vi 3.500 ha (bao gm din tch
nui tm sinh thi tm rng), chim 44,6%; TX. B Ra 1.080 ha, chim 13,8%; huyn
Tn Thnh 900 ha, chim 11,5 %, huyn Xuyn Mc 738 ha, chim 9,4%. Khu vc cc
huyn Long in, t , Cn o, chim t trng nh hn.
- Nui tm nc l mn (ch yu l nui tm s v tm th chn trng) l cc i
tng nui chnh trong ngh NTTS ca tnh. Trong tng s 6.197 ha NTTS nc l mn,
din tch nui tm chim 94,4% v bng 74,5% tng din tch NTTS.
- Nui c nc l mn pht trin vi hai hnh thc l nui c ao t v nui lng
b. Hnh thc nui c lng b tp trung ch yu khu vc h lu sng Dinh v sng Ch
V, mt phn ven cc o thuc huyn Cn o.
- Nui c nc ngt tp trung ch yu cc huyn Chu c, Xuyn Mc, Tn
Thnh, t . Cc i tng ch yu l c r phi, c tr, c lc

Hnh 2. 3: C cu din tch NTTS phn theo huyn th nm 2010

Hnh 2. 4: C cu sn lng NTTS phn theo huyn th nm 2010

2.1.4. Tnh hnh NTTS ti cc huyn/th

(1) TP. Vng Tu

28
 TP.Vng Tu l mt trong nhng a phng c din tch nui thy sn ln nht
ton tnh. Nui thy sn ca thnh ph Vng Tu ch yu l nui thy sn nc l mn,
cc i tng nui chnh l tm s, tm th Chn trng, hu, c m, c Chim trng... Nm
2010, din tch nui thy sn nc l mn ton thnh ph t 3.500 ha, trong din tch
nui tm 3.420 ha, phn cn li l din tch nui hu trn sng v nui thy sn lng b.
Nui thy sn tp trung ch yu khu vc Phng 12 v x Long Sn; Nui tm
s v tm th vi cc hnh thc nui nh: tm sinh thi, QCCT, BTC v TC. Trong ,
khu vc x Long Sn ch yu l nui tm sinh thi, QCCT v BTC; khu vc phng 12
ch yu l nui TC v BTC. Nui hu ch yu l nui gin cc; nui c bp, c m, c
chim ch yu l nui lng b, tp trung khu vc h lu cc sng Ch V thuc x Long
Sn.
Trong vi nm tr li y, vi tnh trng nhim mi trng nui tng cao do cc
hot ng sn xut cng nghip v nc thi sinh hot; xu hng chuyn din tch NTTS
sang du lch v mt s hot ng kinh t khc lm cho din tch NTTS b thu hp.
Din tch NTTS ca thnh ph bin ng qua cc nm theo hng gim dn.
Tuy din tch nui c xu hng gim nh nhng sn lng nui vn tng u qua
cc nm. t c kt qu ny l do trong c cu cc hnh thc nui c xu hng chuyn
t cc hnh thc nui QCCT nng sut thp sang nui BTC v TC nng sut cao hn.
Bng 2. 5: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS TP. Vng Tu G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 Din tch (ha) 1.950 1.950 1.900 2.277 2.363 4.043 3.573 3.500
* Nc l mn 1.950 1.950 1.900 2.277 2.363 4.043 3.573 3.500
- Tm 1.950 1.950 1.900 2.200 2.200 3.881 3.408 3.420
- Thy sn khc - - - 77 163 162 165 80
2 Sn lng (tn) 1.453 1.469 1.394 2.270 2.638 2.920 4.735 6.084
* Nc l mn 1.453 1.469 1.394 2.270 2.638 2.920 4.735 6.084
- Tm 1.453 1.469 1.394 2.250 2.600 2.880 2.535 3.739
- C lng b 1.350 1.280
- Thy sn khc - - - 20 38 40 850 1.065

29
(Ngun: S NN&PTNT v Phng Kinh t Tp. Vng Tu)
(2) TX. B Ra
Nui thy sn th x hu ht l nui nc l mn, tp trung ch yu phng
Long Hng, Phc Trung, Kim Dinh v Long Ton. Din tch nui ton th x nm 2010
l 1.080 ha v tng i n nh t nm 2003 n nay.
Trong tng s din tch nui thy sn c thng k th hu ht l din tch nui
tm, trong din tch nui tm s TC v BTC, nui TCT khu vc phng Long
Hng, Kim Dinh, Long Ton, nng sut bnh qun nui tm S t 3.8 tn/ha/v, nui
TCT t 8 - 12 tn/ha/v, din tch cn li ch yu l nui QCCT v nui kt hp vi lm
mui. Phn din tch nui c nc l mn khong 30 ha.
V sn lng nui trng, nm 2003 sn lng nui t 603 tn, nng sut bnh
qun t 0,65 tn/ha/v, n 2010 sn lng nui trng tng ln 4.966 tn, nng sut bnh
qun tng ln 4,6 tn/ha/v, nng sut BQ tng do nng sut nui TCT t cao. Trong c
cu sn lng nui, sn lng tm nui vi 4.455 tn (chim 89,7%), cc i tng khc
chim t trng thp (10,3%).
Bng 2. 6: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS TX. B Ra G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I Din tch (ha) 931 948 985 970 978 973 975 1.080
1 Nc ngt - - - - - - - 60
2 Nc l mn 931 948 985 970 978 973 975 1.020
- Tm 931 948 985 970 978 973 975 990
- C nui ao - - - - - - - 30
II Sn lng (tn) 603 1.153 1.853 1.796 2.060 2.280 2.290 4.966
1 Nc ngt - - - - - - - 181
2 Nc l mn 603 1.153 1.853 1.796 2.060 2.280 2.290 4.785
- Tm 448 813 1.069 858 818 976 1.025 4.455
- C - - - - - - - 330
- Thy sn khc 155 340 784 938 1.242 1.304 1.265 -

30
(Ngun: Phng Kinh t - Th x B Ra)

(3) Huyn Long in

NTTS khng phi l th mnh ca huyn, nm 2010 ton huyn c 450 ha NTTS,
chim 5,7% tng din tch nui thy sn ton tnh. Nui thy sn ca huyn ch yu l
nui nc l mn, tp trung khu vc ven sng Ca Lp, pha Ty Nam x An Ngi v
th trn Long in phn gip ranh vi thnh ph Vng Tu. Nui nc l mn vi hnh
thc nui tm s QCCT, BTC, TC v nui TCT. Nui thy sn nc ngt chim t trng
khng ng k, ch yu l nui c ao t, mng vn ri rc khp a bn huyn. Nng
sut NTTS ca huyn nm 2010 bnh qun t 2,85 tn/ha, sn lng t 1.284 tn.
Bng 2. 7: Din bin v din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Long in G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I Din tch (ha) 380 370 360 483 350 315 413 450
1 Nc ngt 14 14 14 11 14 14 35 50
2 Nc l mn 366 356 346 472 336 301 378 400
- Tm 366 356 346 472 336 301 378 400
II Sn lng (tn) 450 440 430 420 410 395 400 1.284
1 Nc ngt 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 147
2 Nc l mn 430 420 410 400 390 375 380 1.137
- Tm 430 420 410 400 390 375 380 1.137
(Ngun: Phng NN&PTNT huyn Long in)
(4) Huyn t
Cng nh Long in, ngh NTTS huyn t cng khng phi l th mnh ca
huyn. Nm 2010, din tch NTTS ton huyn l 520 ha, chim 3,7% din tch t nng
nghip. Din tch NTTS tuy khng ln nhng l mt trong nhng huyn c mc tng
trng n nh (din tch nui nm 2003 l 350 ha tng ln 520 ha nm 2010).
NTTS ca huyn pht trin c hai khu vc nc ngt v nc l mn. Nm
2010, din tch nui nc ngt t 240 ha (chim 46,2%) cn li l din tch nui nc l
mn m ch yu l nui tm. Nui nc l mn tp trung khu vc hai x Lc An v
Phc Hi; nui nc ngt khu vc Long M v Lng Di.
Sn lng v nng sut NTTS ca huyn c mc tng kh cao. Nm 2003 sn
lng nui ton huyn ch t 380 tn, nng sut bnh qun 1,09 tn/ha th n nm 2010
tng ln 1.446 tn, nng sut bnh qun 2,78 tn/ha.
Bng 2. 8: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn t G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I Din tch (ha) 350 360 370 380 380 439 481 520
1 Nc ngt 190 205 222 210 210 251 237 240
2 Nc l mn 160 155 148 170 170 188 244 280
- Tm 160 155 148 170 170 188 244 280
II Sn lng (tn) 380 400 500 955 1.060 1.078 1.335 1.446
1 Nc ngt 260 270 280 285 315 320 400 552
2 Nc l mn 120 130 220 670 745 758 935 894
- Tm 120 130 220 670 745 758 935 894

31
(Ngun: Phng NN&PTNT huyn t )
(5) Huyn Tn Thnh
L mt trong nhng huyn trng im v NTTS, din tch nui trng thy sn ca
huyn lun chim t trng ln (t 18 25 %) trn tng din tch NTTS ca tnh. Tuy
nhin, din tch NTTS ca huyn c xu hng gim nhanh trong vi nm tr li y do
tnh trng nhim mi trng nui ngy mt tng cao, c bit l khu vc h lu sng
Th Vi; mt phn din tch t nhng ch cho xy dng khu cng nghip, th. Din
tch nui cao nht t c vo nm 2007 vi 2.188 ha, n nm 2010 ch cn 900 ha.
Din tch gim ch yu l din tch nui thy sn nc l mn. Nui thy sn nc l
mn tp trung cc x Phc Ha, Tn Phc v Tn Hi, i tng nui chnh l tm
S, c Chm, c chim... Nui nhuyn th tp trung khu vc h lu sng Rng gip vi
TP.Vng Tu.
Din tch nui nc ngt tp trung ch yu khu vc cc x Sng Xoi, Chu
Pha, Tc Tin vi hnh thc nui c h cha (h Chu Pha, h en), cc i tng
chnh l c trm, c m, c r phi,...
Sn lng NTS c chiu hng gim theo din tch nui. n nm 2010, sn
lng NTS ca huyn t 3.457 tn, trong sn lng c l mn l 2.200 tn, chim
63,6%.
Bng 2. 9: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Tn Thnh G 2003-2010
Stt Ch tiu 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I Din tch (ha) 1.476 2.172 1.798 1.993 2.188 1.687 1.073 900
1 Nc ngt 120 469 449 454 703 381 387 370
2 Nc l mn 1.356 1.703 1.349 1.539 1.485 1.306 686 530
- Tm 1.356 1.703 1.349 1.490 788 1.050 430 320
- C nui ao - - - 49 5 256 256 200
- Thy sn khc - - - - 692 - - 10
II Sn lng (tn) 657 3.430 8.890 4.055 7.745 9.745 7.279 3.457
1 Nc ngt 204 1.971 7.490 329 6.673 7.615 388 516
2 Nc l mn 453 1.459 1.400 3.726 1.072 2.130 6.891 2.941
- Tm 345 963 807 1.131 510 1.350 6.051 566
- C 103 376 530 420 341 531 580 2.200
- Thy sn khc 5 120 63 2.175 221 249 260 175

32
(Ngun: Phng NN&PTNT huyn Tn Thnh)
(6) Huyn Chu c
Nm trong khu vc khng c nc l mn, nui thy sn ca huyn ton b l
nui nc ngt. Din tch nui ton huyn tng t 610 ha nm 2003 ln 660 ha nm 2010,
tng ng vi sn lng nui tng t 500 tn ln 925 tn.
Nui thy sn ca huyn ch yu pht trin cc i tng truyn thng nh c r
phi, c tr, c lc phc v nhu cu thc phm ti a phng, vic sn xut cc sn
phm mang tnh hng ha cao cn nhiu hn ch. Hnh thc nui ch yu l nui trong ao
t, mng vnTrn a bn huyn c mt s h cha c kh nng pht trin NTTS
tuy nhin vic khai thc tim nng din tch mt nc ny cng cha c quan tm ng
mc.
Bng 2. 10: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Chu c G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 Din tch (ha) 610 616 620 618 625 632 640 660
- Nc ngt 610 616 620 618 625 632 640 660
2 Sn lng (tn) 500 510 510 510 508 622 515 925
- Nc ngt 500 510 510 510 508 622 515 925
(Ngun: Phng NN&PTNT huyn Chu c)

(7) Huyn Xuyn Mc

L huyn gip ranh vi tnh Bnh Thun, NTTS ca huyn pht trin c din tch
nui nc ngt v nui nc l mn. n nm 2010, din tch NTTS ton huyn l 738
ha, trong nui nc ngt l 275 ha, nui nc l mn l 463 ha. Nui nc l mn tp
trung x Bnh Chu, mt phn cc x Bng Ring, Bng Trang. i tng nui ch
yu l nui tm S v TCT vi 443 ha, c nui l 20 ha. Nui nc ngt ri rc khp a
bn huyn, hnh thc nui ch yu l nui ao v nui c bn ngoi cc lng h cha, cc
i tng nui chnh nh: c r phi, c lc, c tr,
Sn lng nui nm 2010 t 1.683 tn, trong sn lng thy sn nc ngt l
261 tn, sn lng thy sn nc l mn l 1.422 tn (chim 84,5%). Nng sut nui bnh
qun tng t 1,34 tn/ha nm 2003 ln 2,28 tn nm 2010.
Bng 2. 11: Din bin din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Xuyn Mc G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
I Din tch (ha) 631 682 685 740 740 751 754 738
1 Nc ngt 248 250 250 275 275 275 275 275
2 Nc l mn 383 432 435 465 465 476 479 463
- Tm 377 425 428 460 462 470 474 443
- C nui ao - - - - - - - 20
- Thy sn khc 6 7 7 5 3 6 5 -
II Sn lng (tn) 848 970 1.039 1.167 1.035 1.205 1.100 1.683
1 Nc ngt 200 210 230 280 230 245 240 261
2 Nc l mn 648 700 780 887 805 960 860 1.422
- Tm 648 640 751 860 805 884 860 1.202
- C - - - - - - - 220
- Thy sn khc - 60 29 27 - 76 62 -

33
(Ngun: Phng NN&PTNT huyn Xuyn Mc)
(8) Huyn Cn o
NTTS Cn o mi pht trin trong vi nm tr li y. Din tch NTS khng
khng ng k (din tch nui nm 2010 l 4 ha), s lng lng b nui tng cao trong
nm 2010 l 90 lng. Hnh thc nui ch yu l nui c lng b v nui ngc trai gin
phao ven cc o.
Nui c lng b pht trin ch yu dng nui nht cc i tng nh bt c
t t nhin, hoc thu mua v nui ngn hn, vic u t cho pht trin NTTS cn hn ch.
Cc i tng nui chnh y l c m, c hng, c cam. Sn phm nui trng ch
yu phc v cho khch du lch.
Nui trai ngc: Nm 2006 mt doanh nghip 100% vn u t nc ngoi thu
100 ha mt nc ven bin (thi hn 30 nm, k t 5/2001) nghin cu, th nghim
nui cy ngc trai khu vc vnh Cn Sn. Kt qu bc u cng cho thy hiu qu v
tim nng pht trin. Hin cng ty ang chuyn sang giai on nui thng phm.
Bng 2. 12: Din bin v din tch v sn lng NTTS huyn Cn o G 2003-2010
Stt Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 Din tch (ha) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
- Nc l mn 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
- Nui lng b (lng) 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 90
2 Sn lng (tn) 65 65 70 26 30 30 30 36
- C bin 63 63 68 24 28 28 28 36
(Ngun: Phng Kinh t v Phng thng k huyn Cn o)
2.1.5. T chc sn xut, qun l v cc m hnh NTTS
2.1.5.1. T chc sn xut, qun l NTTS
* T chc sn xut v tiu th sn phm thy sn
Nm 2010 ton tnh c 105 tri v trang tri v 09 hp tc x tham gia NTTS. Thu
ht mt lc lng lao ng kh ln vi khong 7.810 lao ng tham gia, tng 3.790 lao
ng so vi nm 2003.
Ngoi ra tnh cng thu ht c 41 doanh nghip t nhn v 8 doanh nghip c
vn u t nc ngoi u t vo lnh vc NTTS. Cc doanh nghip t nhn v doanh
nghip c vn u t nc ngoi ch yu u t vo nui cc i tng nc l mn nh
tm s, tm th chn trng, c m, ngc trai, Cc i tng nui nc ngt cn t c
quan tm u t.
Bng 2. 13: Din bin s lng cc t chc sn xut NTTS tnh BR-VT G 2003-2010
Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
- S trang tri NTTS - - - 108 108 108 108 105
- S hp tc x NTTS 1 1 1 6 6 9 9 9
- S DN t nhn NTTS 40 40 43 36 38 40 40 41
- S DN NTTS c vn 5 6 6 10 10 9 9 8
u t nc ngoi
- Lao ng NTTS 4.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 7.000 7.000 7.810

34
 (Ngun: S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra Vng Tu)
* Cc mi quan h trong t chc sn xut
(1) Quan h gia c s sn xut ging v nui thng phm: i vi tm nc l
cung cp trc tip cho ngi nui. Nui nc ngt phn ln lng ging cung cp cho
cc c s nui thng phm l t cc tnh ln cn. Vic cung ng ngun ging ny c
thc hin ch yu qua 3 con ng sau :
(1A): Cc c s nui thng phm mua trc tip ti cc c s sn xut ging.
(1B): Cc c s ng, thun dng ging ti a phng nhp ngun ging t ni
khc v, sau ng dng v bn li cho cc c s nui thng phm. Cht lng
ngun ging ph thuc ch yu vo uy tn ca c s ng dng.
(1C): Cc c nhn, c s thu mua ng ra lm trung gian mua ging gia c s sn
xut ging hoc thu gom t nhin (c bin, tm hm) bn cho c s nui thng phm.
Cht lng ngun ging ph thuc ch yu vo uy tn ca c s thu mua hoc thng li.
(2) Quan h gia c s nui thng phm v h thng tiu th: sn phm t cc c
s sn xut ch yu c thng li thu mua, phn loi v bn cho cc ch tiu th ni
a hoc bn li cho cc nh my ch bin xut khu.
(3) Quan h gia c s kinh doanh thuc th y thy sn v c s nui thng
phm.

C s sn xut ging
1B 1C

C s ng, thun Thng li /c

dng ging 1A
s thu mua

C s nui thng
phm
C s kinh doanh 3
thc n thuc th
y thy sn 2

Thng li /c s thu
Nh mych bin Ch ni a
mua

Hnh 2. 5: S hot ng sn xut nui trng thy sn tnh BR-VT

- T chc qun l trong NTTS:
Cng tc ch o, iu hnh ca Ngnh chuyn bin tch cc, su st c s. Vic t
chc thc hin cc nhim v trng tm ca Ngnh c s tp trung, quyt tm cao. Cng
tc r sot, cng c, sp xp t chc b my c thc hin khn trng, kp thi; cc
n v mi nh Chi cc Qun l cht lng nng, lm, thu sn, Trung tm Khuyn
nng- khuyn ng i vo hot ng n nh.

35
 Hot ng NTTS c s qun l trc tip t S NN&PTNT thng qua cc phng
ban lin quan gm: Phng NN&PTNT cc huyn th, Chi cc Thy sn, cc Trung tm
khuyn nng khuyn ng, Chi cc qun l cht lng Nng Lm Thy sn qun l
cc vn nh:
- Con ging v cht lng con ging: kim dch ngun ging sn xut v cc vn
v v sinh th y
- Hot ng nui thng phm: Qun l vng nui, ma v nui, phi hp vi cc
ngnh lin quan qun l v v sinh mi trng v phng chng dch bnh.
- Qun l hot ng ca cc c s kinh doanh dch v th y thy sn: kim sot v
cht lng ca cc loi thuc, ha cht, thc n.

S NN & PTNT

TT K. NNG-K. NG PHNG NN & PTNT CHI CC THY SN

CC HUYN TH

C S SN XUT C S KINH DOANH TIU TH THY SN

- Ging - Thc n thy sn - Nh my ch bin, xut
- Thng phm - Thuc th y thy sn khu thy sn
- Ch, tiu th ni a

Hnh 2. 6: S t chc qun l nui trng thy sn tnh BR-VT

2.1.5.2. Cc m hnh nui trng thy sn
1) Nui thy sn nc ngt
* Cc m hnh nui ao
- M hnh nui trong ao, h nh, mng vn sn c hoc c o mi trong t
th c ca nhn dn c th nui trong ma ma hoc ni c nc ngt quanh nm.
- i tng nui a dng bao gm c chp, c tri, m, trm, r phi, nui BTC,
tp trung ch yu cc huyn Chu c, Tn Thnh v t .
- Nng sut nui: bin ng t 1 5 tn/ha tu theo mc u t.
* M hnh nui mt nc ln
- M hnh ny tn dng din tch mt nc ca cc h t nhin, h cha (h thy
li) Phn b cc huyn Chu c, Tn Thnh, Xuyn Mc, t vi din tch trn
1.000 ha.
- i tng thng c nui nh c r phi, c m, c trm, Ch yu theo
phng thc qung canh ci tin. Nng sut trung bnh 200 kg/ha.
* M hnh nui rung trng

36
 - M hnh nui tn dng nhng vng rung trng km hiu qu, trng la kt hp
vi nui c v mt s i tng khc hoc chuyn hon ton mc ch s dng sang
NTTS. Tp trung ch yu Xuyn Mc, Tn Thnh, Long in
- Cc i tng thng c nui nh c r phi, c m, c trm, tm cng xanh,
Nui theo hnh thc QCCT hoc BTC.
- Nng sut BQ 500-700kg/ha.
2) Nui thy sn nc l, mn
* Cc m hnh nui ao
- Nui qung canh truyn thng: i tng ch yu l tm S.
+ Nui tm s trong h thng b khp kp, thu hoch thng qua cng, da vo
cc k thy triu, nng sut thp. Din tch ngy cng thu hp chuyn dn sang nui
qung canh ci tin, bn thm canh v thm canh.
+ Din tch nui tp trung TP. Vng Tu, cc huyn Tn Thnh, t , Xuyn
Mc.
- Nui qung canh ci tin: i tng ch yu l tm S
+ Cc i tng c nui ch yu trong ao t. Nui tm QCCT tp trung TP.
Vng Tu, cc huyn Tn Thnh, t .
+ Nng sut thu hoch 0,15 0,25 tn/ha.
- Nui bn thm canh: i tng ch yu: tm S, c chm.
+ Th ging mt 15 25 con/m2,
+ S dng thc n cng nghip
+ Nng sut bnh qun: 2 3 tn /ha.
- Nui thm canh: i tng ch yu l tm S, tm th chn trng.
+ Mt th ging 25 50 con/m 2 vi tm S v 100 120 con vi tm th chn
trng.
+ Nng sut bnh qun: 4 6 tn/ha, c bit c h nui 7 8 tn/ha (tm S).
* M hnh nui kt hp trng rng ngp mn
- i tng ch yu: tm S.
- Pht trin ch yu vng rng ngp mn kt hp vic ly ging t nhin, gn
y cng vi ch trng trng rng khi phc h sinh thi nhiu h tn dng mt nc
hin c cng kt hp th tha 0,5 -1 con/m2.
* Nui lng gin b vng ca sng, vng ven bin:
- M hnh nui Hu trn sng:
Ngh nui hu ca tnh hnh thnh t nhiu nm qua, hnh thc nui ch yu l
nui gin, nui b v nui lng. Trong hnh thc nui gin ang c nhiu u th do
ph hp vi iu kin ca ng dn nh vn u t t, k thut nui n gin li cho hiu
qu kinh t cao. c th nui vng bi triu, ca sng ven bin ni c ngun thc n
phong ph. C dng chy nh, t sng gi, t tu b qua li. Khu vc nui ch yu
sng Dinh, sng Rng, sng Ch V, sng Th Vi,
Ging hu c ly t t nhin da vo c tnh sng bm ca hu,

37
 iu kin pht trin ngh nui Hu B Ra Vng Tu l rt ln, nhng sn
lng Hu thu hoch cha tng xng vi tim nng hin c do trong vi nm tr li y
tnh trng nhim mi trng lm nh hng ti mi trng sng ca hu. c bit l
khu vc Th Vi do nc thi ca Vedan, sng Rch Vn nc thi do cc c s ch bin
hi sn x ra lm ngun nc nhim trm trng gy nh hng ti hot ng nui hu
n ring v nui thy sn ni chung. Nu khng c cc bin php khc phc th ngh nui
Hu c nhiu kh nng khng cn c pht trin.
- Nui c lng
L hnh thc nui mi c pht trin trong t nm gn y tnh B Ra Vng
Tu.
+ i tng nui ch yu l c M, c Hng.
+ Mt th nui t 20 30 con/m3. Nng sut ty quy m u t, c th t 15
20 kg/m3.
+ Khu vc nui l cc vng ca sng nc l (ch yu sng Dinh, sng Rng),
cc vng eo vnh kn gi ven cc o nh: vnh Bn m, vnh Cn Sn v vnh ng
Bc.
Khu vc sng Dinh ngh nui c lng kh pht trin, nui c vi hnh thc bn
thm canh; huyn Cn o c pht trin nui c lng, nhng mang tnh cht tr nui l
chnh, nng sut thp.
- M hnh nui ngc trai trn bin:
Ngc trai l loi c nghin cu v nui th nghim ti Vit Nam t gia
nhng nm 90. Tuy nhin m hnh nui ngc trai thc s thnh cng v a vo sn xut
c hiu qu t nm 2004, ti Cng ty Taiheiyo Shinju Vit Nam nm khu vc vnh Bi
T Long tnh Qung Ninh. Khu vc nui ngc trai i hi l nhng vng bin sch, lng
gi, t nhim, nn y l y ct t bn...c mn 22 35; pH 7,4 8,5; nhit
nc 15 30oC. Hnh thc nui vi i tng ny l nui dng lng treo hnh tr, ng
knh 30 40cm, cao 40 45cm, treo trn phao dy hay b niMt th nui 35 45
con/lng, sau thi gian nui 12 24 thng k t khi cy ngc l c th thu hoch.
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu c 2 d n nui ngc trai trn vng bin thuc vnh Bn
m huyn o Cn o ca cng ty Ngc trai Cn o v cng ty Galatea nui t nm
2008, tuy nhin hiu qu ca m hnh ny vn cha c nh gi y .
2.1.6. Cng tc khuyn ng
Trong nm 2010, Trung tm Khuyn nng - Khuyn ng t chc lp 12 tp
hun (trong : 02 lp v iu kin v sinh th y thy sn i vi cc c s sn xut v
kinh ging thy sn, 06 lp v kin thc nui trng thy sn m bo v sinh an ton
thc phm, ph hp quy chun k thut quc gia, p dng GaqP i vi cc c s nui
thy sn; 04 lp ph bin qui nh php lut i vi cc c s nui trng thy sn).
Qua cc lp tp hun, hi tho u b, m hnh trnh din khuyn ng, quan trc
cnh bo mi trng, nhiu nng, ng dn trn a bn tnh c hng dn k thut
nui trng thy sn, gp phn pht trin ngh nui trng thy sn trn a bn tnh pht
trin, c bit l nui cc loi thy sn c gi tr kinh t cao.

38
 Nm 2009, Trung tm Khuyn nng Khuyn ng tip tc xy dng thnh cng 7
m hnh trnh din khuyn ng gm: 02 m hnh trnh din nui c lc ng, 03 m hnh
nui tm s 01 m hnh nui c thc lc cm. Tng cng t chc tp hun v hi tho
theo chuyn , bng phng php i thoi trc tip, khuyn khch ng dn ch ng
trao i thng tin. c bit, trong cc lp tp hun, Trung tm ch trng n vic tuyn
truyn nng cao thc tnh cng ng trong cng tc bo v mi trng vng nui. Nh
, a s b con ng dn thc hin tt cc quy nh v bo v mi trng, hn ch
dch bnh.
Phi hp vi i pht thanh, truyn hnh tnh thc hin cc chuyn mc khuyn
nng, chuyn mc hi p trn sng pht thanh. Hng dn cho ngi dn k thut nui
c nc ngt, ch, ba ba, nui tm, , nui c tht lt cm,
Pht hnh 04 s, mt s 1.500 bn Tp san Bn nh nng; Trang tin Khuyn nng
Khuyn ng trn bo BR-VT vi 24 chuyn mc; In 10.000 t bm, 1.700 ti liu k
thut v cc lnh vc trng trt, chn nui, thu sn cung cp cho nng, ng dn v cc
b phn trc thuc.
Cng tc quan trc cnh bo mi trng: Hng thng tin hnh thu v xt nghim
mu nc ti cc vng nui thy sn tp trung. Thng bo kt qu xt nghim mt s ch
tiu cn thit trong nui trng thy sn qua sng ca i truyn hnh tnh theo lch v vo
thi gian quy nh khuyn co cho ngi nui thy sn bit.
Tp hun, o to: T chc 02 lp tp hun v k nng khuyn nng c s tham
gia cho cn b khuyn nng cc cp, cn b Hi Nng dn, Hi Ph n. T chc 03 lp
tp hun v k nng vit tin, bi, k nng th trng, phn tch chui cung cu cho vin
chc Trung tm v cc n v khc.
2.1.7. Tnh hnh mi trng, dch bnh, thin tai
* Mi trng, dch bnh:
nghim mi trng xy ra hu ht cc khu vc thuc h lu cc con sng, c
th:
- Sng Th Vi b nhim nng do nc thi ca nh my Vedan, khu vc b nh
hng gm cc x M Xun, Phc Ha, Tn Phc,v TT. Ph M thuc huyn Tn
Thnh.
- Sng Dinh, sng Rng b nghim do nc thi ca cc nh my ch bin thy
sn thuc a phn x Tn Hi, cng c Ct L, nc thi khu th ca th x B Ra v
thnh ph Vng Tu,Khu vc b nh hng l cc x Phc Ha, Tn Hi thuc huyn
Tn Thnh; phng Phc Trung, Long Hng, th x B Ra; X Long Sn, phng 11,
12 thnh ph Vng Tu.
Ngoi ra, a s cc con sng ny cn chu nh hng ca nc thi trong cc hot
ng nng nghip v c ca bn thn cc khu nui trng thy sn.
nghim mi trng ang l vn gy kh khn cn tr ln nht cho ngi nui
khu vc cc huyn ven bin; trong khi vic thiu nc, thiu t NTTS li l vn ca
cc huyn nui thy sn nc ngt. Hu qu l, trong vi nm tr li y, tnh trng cc
loi thy sn nui lin tc b cht do dch bnh, do mi trng nhim lm cho khng
t h nui b thua l, khng cn vn tip tc sn xut, tnh trng mt kh nng chi tr
cc khon n cho sn xut thy sn ngy cng gia tng.

39
 n nm 2010, tnh trng nhim mi trng do cc cht x thi t hot ng ca
cc khu cng nghip, khu dn c, du kh ngoi bin, cc c s sn xut, ch bin thu
sn, thuc tr su t hot ng nng nghip c gim song vn cn mc cao gy nh
hng ln n mi trng vng nui trng thy sn v cc khu dn c xung quanh.
* Thin tai
Trong nhng nm qua tnh hnh thi tit c nhiu bin ng t bin, nng nng
ko di, kh hu c nhiu thay i, cc cn bo, l lt, hn hn lin tc xy ra gy thit
hi khng ch i vi cc cng trnh nh m cn gy thit hi khng nh i vi ngnh
thy sn. Nhng din bin thi tit phc tp ny v hu qu nng n ca n lm cho vic
u t nui trng b hn ch v din tch nui trng thy sn b thu hp dn.
- Nm 2006 bo s 5, bo s 9 Durian lm hng chc tu chm, trn 10 ngi
cht v mt tch, hng chc lng b vng nui trng thu sn ven bin, ng li c v
phng tin h tng k thut ngh c b h hng, nh hng rt ln n vic nui trng
cng nh sn lng khai thc nh bt ca ngnh hi sn.
- Nm 2007, tip tc xut hin cc cn bo nh bo s 5 (Lekima), bo s 7
(Hagibis) gy thit hi n tnh hnh nui trng ca b con ti 2 huyn Xuyn Mc v
t c tnh thit hi trn 2 t ng,
2.1.8. C s h tng v dch v hu cn NTTS
(1) H thng sn xut v cung ng con ging
Ngh sn xut tm ging trong tnh pht trin t thp nin 90 n nay. Trong
nhng nm gn y, trn c s ca Chng trnh 122 v pht trin ging thy sn c
Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt,ngh sn xut ging thy sn trn a bn tnh tip tc
pht trin v c c nhng kt qu ng khch l. Nm 1996 ton tnh c 27 tri, nm
2009 pht trin ln 178 tri sn xut ging thy sn cc loi, trong ch yu l tri
sn xut tm vi 171 tri. Cng sut sn xut ging cc loi khong trn 3 t con/ nm, s
lng sn xut ging thy sn cc loi t khong 1,31 t con/nm. Gii quyt cng n
vic lm cho khong trn 1.000 lao ng ca a phng.
Hu ht cc tri sn xut ging u do t nhn xy dng, qun l v t chc sn
xut, tp trung ch yu 3 khu vc chnh l huyn Long t, huyn Xuyn Mc v
Thnh ph Vng Tu. Nhng hu ht cc tri ging l pht trin t pht v u nm trong
vng dn c v cc cm quy hoch du lch dc theo b bin t khu vc Hi ng,
Tp.Vng Tu n khu vc Long Hi, huyn Long in nn thuc din phi di di. Do ,
vic u t nh xng, trang thit b sn xut b hn ch dn n cht lng con ging
v mi trng khu vc khng m bo.
V sn xut ging tm: nm 2009 ton tnh c 171 tri ging, sn xut c 1,308
t ging trong c 1,3 t ging tm s, cn li l ging tm chn trng. S dng 2.600
tm b m, ngun tm b m mt phn c khai thc ti a phng (350 con), phn
ln cn li (2.250 con) c mua t Min Trung ( Nng, Ph Yn, Phan Thit) v
Min Ty Nam B (C Mau, Kin Giang),...Ging tm sn xut mt phn phc v cho
nhu cu nui tm thng phm ti a phng (khong 820 triu con), phn cn li c
xut bn cho cc tnh khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long.
Bng 2. 14: S lng cc tri sn xut v ng dng ging thy sn 2003-2009

40
 Danh mc vt 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1. SX ging tm nc l (khng k tri ng dng)
- S tri Tri 266 253 253 272 167 171 171
- Tng sn lng Tr.con 1.600 1.767 1.500 1.631 1.481 1.508 1.308
+ Tm s 1.600 1.767 1.500 1.631 1.481 1.500 1.300
+ Tm chn trng - - - - - 8,0 8,2
- Tng s tm b m s dng Con 716 846 725 3.250 2.750 2.800 2.600
+ Khai thc ti a phng - - - 500 400 400 350
+ Nhp t cc tnh khc 716 846 725 2.750 2.350 2.400 2.250
2. Sn xut ging c bin
- S tri Tri 1 1 1 2 3 4 4
- Sn lng c ging Tr.con 3,0 5,0 7,5 0,7 1,6 1,8 1,7
+ C gi - - - - 0,3 0,3 0,3
+ C chm 3,0 5,0 7,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7
4. Sn xut ging c hng
- S tri ging c hng Tri - 1 1 1 1 1 1
- Sn lng c ging Tr.con - 5,0 7,0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
5. SX ging thy sn nc ngt
- Tng s tri ging (TCX) Tri - - - 1 1 2 2
- Tng lng ging (TCX) Tr.con - - - 0,5 1,0 1,5 1,5

41
(Ngun: S NN&PTNT tnh B Ra Vng Tu)
V ging c bin: Nm 2009 ton tnh c 04 c s sn xut ging, sn xut c
1,7 triu c ging ch yu l c gi v c chm. Tuy nhin nhu cu ging c bin l kh
ln v cc h nui c phi mua thm ging cc tnh ln cn hoc nhp ngoi.
Ngoi ra trn a bn tnh cn c 01 tri sn xut ging c hng v 02 tri sn
xut ging tm cng xanh mi nm sn xut c gn 02 triu con ging. Vi cc loi c
nc ngt, hng nm nhu cu trong tnh cn khong hn 30 triu con ging. Tuy nhin
trn a bn cha c c s sn xut ging. Ging nui ch yu c ngi dn mua t
cc tnh khc, cc c s ging trong tnh ch yu l mua v thun dng v cung p li
cho ni nui. Ging nhuyn th ch yu khai thc t t nhin.
(2) Tnh hnh cung ng thc n, thuc th v ha cht NTTS
Thc n cho NTTS hin nay bao gm thc n t ch v th n cng nghip. Thc
n t ch c bin t ngun nguyn liu sn c ti a phng nh: bt tm, bt cm,
bt c, hn ruc, tm c tp,... Thc n cng nghip dng vin c sn xut ti cc cng
ty ch bin thc n.
Hin nay trn a bn tnh (khng c nh my no sn xut thc n thy sn) ch
c 02 c s ch bin thc n cng nghip phc v cho nui NTTS ca tnh vi tng cng
sut thit k khong 6.000 tn/nm. Trong khi nhu cu thc n cng nghip dnh cho
NTTS ton tnh vo khong 30.000 40.000 tn v vy, hu ht ngun thc n cung cp
c nhp t ngoi tnh thng qua h thng phn phi l cc c s kinh doanh thuc th
y thy sn. Chng loi thc n cng nghip tng i phong ph bao gm nhiu loi ca
cc hng thc n CP, UP, Con C, Grobest,... . Nhn chung thc n ca cc hng ny c
cht lng tt v gi c hp l v c bn m bo cht lng an ton v sinh thc phm
theo quy nh chung ca ngnh.
Cc loi thuc, ha cht phc v cho NTTS hu ht cng c nhp v phn phi
qua h thng i l thuc th y thy sn. Thuc phc v cho NTTS tng i phong ph
c v chng loi ln gi c. Hin ti, trn a bn tnh BR-VT c khong 18 c s kinh
doanh thc n thuc th y thy sn, phn b ti: huyn t (4 c s), huyn Long
in (2 c s), huyn Xuyn Mc (5 c s), TP. Vng Tu (5 c s) v TX. B Ra (2 c
s). Cc c s ny phn b ti cc vng sn xut thy sn chnh ca a phng, v p
ng tng i nhu cu ca hot ng NTTS.
(3) H thng in
Hin nay trn a bn tnh B Ra Vng tu c hai ngun in ln nh sau:
- Trung tm nhit in Ph m ti huyn Tn Thnh gm 6 nh my vi tng cng
sut 3.868 MW c ha mng li quc gia qua trm 500 KV Ph M ( cc nh my
Ph M 3, Ph M II.2, Ph M 4 pht in 500 Kv) v trm 220 Kv ( Ph M I, Ph M
II.1, Ph M II.1MR).
- Nh my nhit in kh B Ra vi tng cng sut 354 MW (gm 2*20+3*33+58
MW pht ln 110 Kv v 220 KV). Gia hai cp in p 220 Kv v 110 Kv c my bin
p lin lc 125 MVA
Trm 500Kv Ph M c 2 xut tuyn 500 Kv i Nh B- Ph Lm, d phng 2
ngn l ng dy i Song My. Nhn chung h thng in tnh B Ra- Vng Tu kh
hon chnh, p ng c nhu cu pht trin kinh t ca tnh.

42
 Vng nui tm s TC thuc vng 2 c u t h thng in hon chnh n cc
ao nui, do vy nhn chung h thng p ng nhu cu pht trin thy sn ca tnh.

(4) H thng giao thng

Tnh B Ra Vng tu c 3 quc l quan trng QL 51 ni lin TP Vng tu vi
TP Bin Ha (ng nai), QL 55 ni lin TX B Ra vi tnh Bnh Thun, QL 56 ni lin
TX b Ra vi TX Long Khnh (ng Nai). Cc quc l ny c nng cp pht huy tt
nhu cu giao thng ca tnh. Ngoi ra cc tnh l 44A, 44B, 328, 329 v cc huyn l u
c trng nha, giao thng kh tt gia cc huyn.
H thng ng ven bin v ng xung cc vng nui thy sn cng c u
t kh tt. Nhn chung giao thng p ng nhu cu pht trin thy sn.
(5) H thng thy li
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu nm vng ven bin ng thuc min ng Nam b. c
im kh hu phn thnh hai ma r rt. Ma ma t thng V n thng XI, ma kh t
thng XII n thng IV. Cc sng chy qua tnh u nh v ngn, ch c sng Th Vi v
sng Ray l tng i ln. Cc sng u chy ra bin ng do vy xm nhp mn theo
cc ca sng tng i ln, c bit l vo ma kh
Do vy thy li tnh B Ra Vng Tu c th chia ra cc tiu vng nh sau:
+ Vng 1: Pha Ty quc l 51: Vng ny thuc mt phn ca huyn Tn Thnh,
mt phn Th x B Ra, mt phn Thnh ph Vng Tu, gii hn bi QL51 v sng Th
Vi v vnh Gnh Ri. Vng ny hon ton l nc mn cung cp t sng Th Vi, knh
rch nhiu, chng cht. Hin ti vng ny c nui tm s qung canh v nui lng b
trn sng. Nhn chung h thng sng rch t nhin p ng c NTTS. Tuy nhin vng
ny ang l vng nhim nng, in hnh l v x thi ca cng ty V dan.
+ Vng 2: Vng pha Nam quc l 55: Vng ny thuc mt phn pha Nam ca
cc huyn (Xuyn Mc, t , Long in v TP Vng Tu), gii hn bi QL 51, QL 55
v Bin ng. Vng ny ch yu l nc l t cc ca sng. H thng thy li vng ny
ch yu l h thng cung cp nc l cho cc vng nui tm s thm canh ca cc huyn
Long in, t v Xuyn Mc. Hin trng thy li vng ny kh hon chnh p ng
c nhu cu nui s thm canh.
+ Vng 3: Vng ny thuc mt phn pha ng ca huyn Tn Thnh, pha Bc
ca cc huyn Xuyn Mc, t v TX B Ra, ton b huyn Chu c. Gii hn bi
QL 51, QL 55, tnh ng Nai v Bnh Thun. Vng ny hon ton l nc ngt, h thng
thy li ch yu l cc h cha nc, p dng phc v cho sinh hot, cng nghip v
nng nghip. Ngnh nui thy sn nc ngt ch kt hp din tch mt nc cc h, ao,
m pht trin. Nhn chung h thng thy li vng ny khng phc v cho nui thy
sn.
Tn cc h cha v p dng thuc tnh B Ra- Vng Tu nh sau:
+ H cha: Bng, Sui Giu, L , Sui Mn, Bt Thin, S Bng, en,
Tm B, Kim Long, Ni Nhan, Gia Hot I, Gia Hot II, Sui i I, Xuyn Mc, Sui
Cc, Chu Pha, Sui .
+ p Dng: Sng Ray, Thu, Cu Mi, Sng Dinh I, Sng Dinh II, Sui Si, B,
Sng Xoi, Sui Ngh, Gia Hp I, Gia Hp II, Sui Ly, Th Vi.
* Hin trng h thng thy li cc huyn th

43
 - Thnh ph Vng Tu: Khu vc nui ca TP ch yu phng 12 v x Long
Sn. Vng ny hon ton l nc mn, h thng knh rch ch yu l ca sng ca sng
Dinh v sng Ch V, knh rch kh chng cht, nhng ch yu l knh rch t nhin,
khng c h thng thy li phc v. Tuy nhin do gn ca bin, bin thy triu cao
nn p ng nhu cu dng nc cho NTTS.
- Th x B Ra: Khu vc nui nc mn ch yu phng Long Hng. Khu ny
c cung cp nc mn t sng Chm Chim, hin ti cp thot nc ch yu da vo h
thng knh rch t nhin, khng c h thng thy li phc v NTTS. Nhn chung h
thng knh rch p ng nhu cu NTTS.
- Huyn Long in: Khu nui nc l x An Ngi: Khu ny u nm theo ven
sng Ca Lp, ngun cung cp nc mn trc tip t sng Ca Lp. H thng thy li
vng ny cha p ng nhu cu nui thm canh do h thng knh cha tch bit cp
thot.
Khu nui nc ngt th trn Long in: Khu ny HTTL cha p ng nhu cu
cung cp nc ngt cho NTTS, in v giao thng cha p ng nhu cu nui thm canh.
- Huyn Tn Thnh: Khu nui nc mn qung canh tp trung cc x Phc
Ha, Tn Phc, Tn Ha v x Tn Hi, khu nui ny nm ngoi QL51. c cung cp
nc mn bi cc rch Ci Mp, sng Rng, rch a Giang, sng Th Vi. H thng cung
cp nc ch yu l knh rch t nhin, nhn chung nh thy triu ln ngun nc p
ng nhu cu NTTS.
Vng nui thm canh, bn thm canh ri rc cc x Phc Ha, Tn Phc, Tn
Hi: cc khu nui nh tp trung gn tuyn ng giao thng, c tuyn in h th, ngun
nc thun li. Kh khn duy nht l khu vc b nhim do cc nh my, khu cng
nghip x thi lm nhim ton vng, c bit l sng Th Vi.
Khu nui nc ngt l h Chu Pha v en, c hai h ny p ng mt nc
cho NTTS nc ngt.
- Huyn t : Khu nui tm S x Lc An: Khu ny c u t c s h tng
hon chnh, in, giao thng thun li, c bit c h thng thy li hon thin c th
cung cp c nc mn v nc ngt, ch ng iu chnh mn cung cp nc cho
NTTS.
Khu nui nc ngt vng Len 50 ha: Khu ny c thun li nh ngun nc t
knh thy li. Kh khn ngun nc khng di do do vy ch c th nui vo ma ma
v nui cc i tng t thay nc, giao thng khng thun li v cch xa quc l 55,
cha c ngun in h th.
- Huyn Xuyn Mc: Khu nui tm thm canh dc sng Ray (46 ha) x Phc
Thun: khu ny nm ven ca sng Ray c ngun nc mn tng i tt. Hin trng thy
li vng ny c u t tng i hon chnh, p ng nhu cu ngun nc cho NTTS.
Khu nui tm nc mn x Bnh Chu (19 ha): khu ny tng i gn bin nn
nhnh chung h thng cp nc, giao thng, in p ng nhu cu NTTS.
- Huyn Chu c: Ton huyn ch yu nui nc ngt mt nc cc h: h
Tm B, Gia Hot, Sng Ray, Sui Giu, Bng, en, Kim Long. Cc h ny c
mt nc NTTS.
2.2. nh gi chung hin trng nui trng thy sn
* Thun li

44
 - Trn c s Ngh quyt s 09-NQ/TW ngy 09/02/2007 ca Ban Chp hnh
Trung ng Kha X v Chin lc Bin Vit Nam n nm 2020 v i hi ng b tnh
B Ra Vng Tu ln th IV ra mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng l pht trin
mnh v kinh t Bin, trong , mt trong nhng Ngnh i u l kinh t thy sn.
- C li th cnh tranh cao v th trng tiu th do c h thng nh my ch bin
thy sn pht trin kh mnh, cng vi vic pht trin cc dch v du lch nn vic tiu
th cc sn phm NTTS tng i thun li. Bc u c s gn kt nng-lm-thy
sn vi cng nghip ch bin quy m nh khu vc nng thn.
- c s quan tm ca tnh, s Nng nghip v pht trin Nng thn n cng tc
khuyn ng, phng tr dch bnh, ng thi cng coi trng n khu ging.
- Sn lng NTTS lin tc tng nhanh ng gp ng k vo c cu sn lng ca
ngnh thy sn. Sn lng NTTS nm 2010 t 19.880 tn, gi tr sn lng (theo gi
hin hnh) t 623,66 t ng chim 7,7 % tng gi tr ngnh thy sn.
- hnh thnh mng li khuyn ng t tnh n khuyn ng vin tng x nhm
lm cu ni tp hun, chuyn giao nhng tin b khoa hc k thut t cc Vin,
Trng, Trung tm khuyn ng Quc gia n nhng ngi nui.
- C s h tng v giao thng, in, cp thot nc (c bit l vng nui nc l)
v mng li dch v hu cn ngh c tng i hon thin thun li cho vic u t m
rng din tch cng nh ci thin v k thut cng ngh.
* C hi
Vit Nam l thnh vin ca t chc thng mi th gii (WTO) to iu kin
cho cc doanh nghip m rng th trng hng ho v dch v, m rng th trng xut
khu quy m ton cu. y l c hi gip ngnh tng cng thu ht u t v k thut,
tip thu nng lc qun l cao ca nc ngoi, th trng xut khu c m rng, ng
thi, vic gia nhp WTO cc doanh nghip kinh doanh bnh ng hn, tnh trng b phn
bit i x gim. Hi nhp l mt cuc cnh tranh ln ngnh pht trin nhanh hn,
nng ng, nhy bn hn.
* Kh khn
- Cc d n u t h tng k thut cc vng nui tp trung phc v pht trin nui
trng thy sn c ph duyt, nhng phi tm ngng trin khai thc hin do thiu
vn, hoc trin khai rt chm c nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan. c bit l
h tng k thut khu nui tm cng nghip 326 ha Lc An trin khai chm v ko di thi
gian.
- Sn lng nui trng thy sn hng nm tng, song nng sut, gi tr sn lng
t c cha tng xng vi din tch hin c, cng tc qun l ma v nui trng cn
nhiu bt cp, i tng, thi gian th nui v thi gian thu hoch khng ng nht, kh
kim sot.
- Cc vng nui cha hnh thnh ban qun l vng nui nn trong vng nui c
nhiu i tng nui, th ging khng ng lot, kh kim sot tnh hnh dch bnh,vic
s dng mt s ha cht, khng sinh cm; nhp ging khng kim sot... e da nghim
trng n mi trng sinh thi.
- NTTS nc ngt nhn chung vn cn dng nh l, manh mn, hnh thc nui
ch yu l nui QCCT, tn dng din tch mt nc sn c, th ging v s dng ngun
thc n ti ch; cc i tng nui hu ht vn l cc i tng truyn thng nng sut
thp v gi tr kinh t khng cao.

45
 - V lc lng lao ng: Ngnh nng lm ng nghip ca tnh vn cn c
nhng hn ch, t trng lao ng khu vc nng lm ng nghip cao nhng nng sut
v thu nhp ca lao ng khu vc ny cn mc thp.
- Kh khn v th trng tiu th, gi c cc mt hng thy sn khng n nh
trong khi gi nguyn liu u vo lin tc tng. Do u ra hn ch nn sn phm sn xut
ra thng b thng li p gi thm ch khng bn c.
* Thch thc
- Vn nhim mi trng do nc thi t cc khu cng nghip, cc khu dn c,
cng nh cc hot ng khc vo h thng knh rch ang ngy mt nghim trng.
Tnh trng nhim mi trng, ngun nc mt s vng nui n mc bo ng,
gy thit hi v mt kinh t, i sng v sn xut ca mt b phn ng dn tham gia
NTTS.
- S bin i kh hu ton cu c nhng tc ng ln i vi thi tit, kh hu.
Tnh hnh bo, lt, thin tai ngy mt nng n v kh lng hn.
- Bn cnh nhng c hi, th thch thc cng rt ln trong bi cnh Vit Nam vo
sn chi chung ca th gii (WTO) nh: Sc p cnh tranh ngy cng khc lit, cc v
kin bn ph gi ca bn nhp khu a ra, cc ro cn thng mi ngy mt kht khe
hn, mt s tc ng tiu cc v x hi cng ny sinh, cc c ch chnh sch cha p
ng kp vi c ch th trng, sc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip thp.
2.3. Kinh t x hi ngnh thu sn
2.3.1. Gi tr sn xut ngnh thy sn
Gi tr sn xut ngnh thy sn tnh BR VT (theo gi c nh nm 1994) t
1.223 t ng nm 2003, tng ln 2.209 t ng nm 2008, tc tng bnh qun t
10,36%/nm. Trong , tc tng trng lnh vc NTTS t cao nht giai on l
36,79%/nm.
GTSX NTTS (theo gi HH) c tc tng trng cao t 31,33%/nm, tuy nhin
gi tr ca NTTS em li kh khim tn so vi KTTS. Nm 2003, GTSX NTTS t 115
t ng, nm 2006 ngh NTTS thu c GTSX khong 301 t ng, n nm 2010 t
cao nht l 624 t ng.
GTSX ngnh dch v hu cn thy sn (gi HH) c xu hng tng trong giai on
2003 2006 t 7 t ng ln 40 t ng, tuy nhin gi tr sn xut khi ngnh dch v
nm 2007 ch t 8 t ng, sau nm 2007 khng c thng k v lnh vc ny.
Bng 2. 15: Gi tr sn xut ngnh thy sn tnh BR VT (vt: t ng)
TTBQ
Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
(%/nm)
GTSX gi so snh 94
Tng 1.223 1.312 1.425 1.608 1.598 1.930 2.209 10,36
Khai thc 1.182 1.236 1.331 1.431 1.463 1.797 1.960 8,79
Nui trng 38 71 89 163 129 133 249 36,79
Hot ng dch v 3 5 5 14 6 0 0 -
GTSX gi hin hnh
Tng 1.574 1.803 2.069 2.292 4.921 6.581 8.075 31,33
Khai thc 1.452 1.532 1.769 1.951 4.684 6.071 7.451 31,33
Nui trng 115 259 263 301 229 510 624 32,56
Hot ng dch v 7 12 37 40 8 0 0 -

46
(Ngun: Nin gim thng k tnh BR VT nm 2004, 2008, 2010)
GTSX ca cc ngnh kinh t tnh BR VT c tc tng bnh qun 20,59%nm,
trong khi tc tng ca ngnh thy sn t 10,34%/nm. Do tc tng GTSX ngnh
thy sn khng theo kp so vi tng GTSX ton tnh nn xt v c cu th GTSX ngnh
thy sn c xu hng gim dn trong giai on 2003 2010. Th hin GTSX ca ngnh
thy sn chim t trng 4,8% tng GTSX ca tnh nm 2003 (1.224 t ng ) n nm
2010 t 2.209 t ng nhng ch chim 2,79% tng GTSX ton tnh.
Tc tng GDP bnh qun ca ngnh thy sn t 13,76% thp hn so vi tc
tng GDP ca ton tnh l 16,19%. Do c cu GDP thy sn c xu hng tng trong
giai on 2003 2008. Tuy nhin, n nm 2010 t trng GDP ngnh thy sn gim cn
3,41%.
Bng 2. 16: ng gp ca ngnh thy sn trong nn kinh t tnh BR VT
Danh mc vt 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2010 TTBQ
Tng GTSX ton tnh t ng 25.719 33.611 38.405 47.965 50.163 79.088 20,59%
GTSX ngnh TS - 1.224 1.312 1.425 1.597 1.930 2.209 10,34%
T l so vi tng GTSX % 4,8 3,9 3,7 3,3 3,8 2,79 -
GDP ton tnh t ng 14.866 17.435 20.192 20.066 21.641 36.569 16,19%
GDP ngnh thy sn - 575 617 670 735 1.196 1.246 13,76%
T l so vi tng GDP % 3,87 3,54 3,32 3,66 5,53 3,41 -

47
Ngun: Nin gim thng k tnh BR VT nm 2004, 2008, 2010)
2.3.2. Lao ng ngnh thy sn
n nm 2010, s lao ng trc tip, thng xuyn trong 3 lnh vc: khai thc,
nui trng, ch bin ca ngnh tng thm 6.335 ngi so vi nm 2003, a tng s lao
ng ca ngnh ln 104.810 ngi, trong :
+ 33.000 ngi trong khai thc thy sn.
+ 7.810 ngi trong nui trng thy sn.
+ 64.000 ngi trong ch bin thy sn.
Lao ng ngnh thy sn c tc tng trng bnh qun rt khim tn
0,91%/nm. Trong tng lao ng ngnh thy sn c xu hng tng dn s lng lao ng
nui thy sn vi tc tng bnh qun 9,78%/nm; Lao ng ngnh ch bin thy sn
c tc tng khng ng k 0,02%/nm; Lao ng ngnh khai thc thy sn c tc
tng 1,28%/nm.
C cu lao ng ngnh thy sn l lao ng ch bin trn 60%, lao ng khai thc
khong 30% v lao ng nui trng thy sn di 10%. Trong giai on 2003 2010, xu
hng lao ng ngnh thy sn c bin ng tuy rt nh v theo chiu hng tng dn lao
ng nui trng thy sn, t trng lao ng ch bin gim dn t 65% xung cn 62%, t
trng lao ng ngnh khai thc thy sn tng khng ng k.
Cht lng lao ng ngnh thy sn: do lc lng lao ng c th ca ngnh ch
yu l khai thc thy sn nn trnh ca ng dn cn rt hn ch do y l cng vc
truyn thng nn ch lm theo kinh nghim v khng qua cc lp o to c bn. Cn lc
lng lao ng tham gia nui trng thy sn kin thc v lnh vc nui cng cn rt hn
ch, vic la chn c cu ging loi cn theo th trng mang tnh t pht v vic ng
dng khoa hc cng ngh trong qu trnh nui cn hn ch.
Bng 2. 17: Lao ng ngnh thy sn tnh BR-VT giai on 2000-2010
Danh mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Tng lao ng 98.475 99.815 101.378 104.450 103.197 103.506 103.994 104.810
Lao ng nui 4.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 7.000 7.000 7.810
L ch bin 63.910 64.930 65.000 66.630 64.820 64.000 64.000 64.000
L khai thc 30.565 30.885 31.378 31.820 31.377 32.506 32.994 33.000

48
(Ngun: NGTK B Ra Vng Tu)
2.3.3. Tnh hnh thc hin d n u t lin quan n NTTS
Trong giai on 2001-2005, tnh quan tm u t h tng k thut cc d n
nui tm cng nghip Lc An, Tri ging c nc ngt. Tip tc thc hin cc d n:
Trung tm ging thy sn tp trung Phc Hi, nui tm cng nghip Long Hng, nui
tm Bu Snh B, Nui tm cng nghip Bu Snh A, B vi tng vn u t trn 163 t
ng.
T nm 2006 n nay, tnh tip tc thanh ton khi lng cc d n v ang
trin khai, ng thi chun b khi cng mt s cng trnh v lp cc d n mi. C th
(1) D n do tnh u t
* Cc d n v ang trin khai, thanh ton khi lng hon thnh
- D n iu chnh quy hoch tng th ngnh thy sn tnh n nm 2010: Tng
mc u t l: 326 triu ng.
- D n nng cp m rng tr s lm vic S Thy sn: Tng mc u t c ph
duyt l 2 t 939 triu ng.
- D n H tng k thut khu nui tm cng nghip Lc An 326 ha: Tng mc u
t c ph duyt l: 64 t 459 triu ng.
- D n Quy hoch chi tit v lp bn t l 1/2000 khu nui c lng b trn
sng Ch V v x Long Sn Tp.Vng Tu: Tng mc u t l: 848 triu ng.
- D n Trm Khuyn ng huyn Xuyn Mc, tng mc u t c ph duyt l:
1 t 007 triu ng.
- D n Tr s lm vic v trang thit b Trung tm Khuyn ng: Tng mc u t
l: 7 t 803 triu ng.
- D n Tr s lm vic v trang thit b Chi cc Qun l Cht lng
ATVS&TYTS: Tng mc u t l: 7 t 300 triu ng.
- Tri thc nghim nui thy sn nc ngt tnh B Ra Vng Tu: Tng mc
u t l: 10 t 449 triu ng.
* D n chun b khi cng, u t mi
- D n thit k ni ng khu nui tm cng nghip Lc An 326ha: 2 t 549 triu
ng.
* D n c ph duyt v c ch trng u t
- D n Trung tm Ging thy sn tp trung 33,1 ha x Phc Hi: Tng mc u
t l: 41 t 036 triu ng.
- Quy hoch 109,5 ha khu cng nghip Ging thy sn tp trung x Phc Hi:
Tng mc u t l: 324 triu ng
- u t xy dng Trm Khuyn ng t : Tng mc u t l 1 t ng.
- Lp quy hoch tng th pht trin nui trng thy sn giai on 2010-2015 v
nh hng n nm 2020 tnh B Ra- Vng Tu.
- Quy hach nui trng trn bin tnh BR-VT giai an 2006-2010 v nh hng
n nm 2020;

49
 - Quy hach chi tit 1/2000 cc vng nui thy sn nc mn v ngt ti cc
huyn, th x trn a bn tnh;
- Quy hach chi tit 1/2000 khu sn xut ging thy sn tp trung ca tnh 109 ha
ti x Phc Hi, huyn t .
(2) Cc d n do cc BQL DA ca cc huyn, th, thnh ph lm ch u t
- D n H tng khu nui tm Bu Snh B 79,6ha, huyn Xuyn Mc, tng mc
u t l 12 t 162 triu ng.
- D n H tng k thut khu sn xut tm ging 10,6ha x Phc Thun, huyn
Xuyn Mc: Tng mc u t l: 5 t 525 triu ng. B
- D n H tng khu nui tm Bu Snh A 86,2ha, huyn Xuyn Mc: Tng mc
u t l: 14 t 265 triu ng.
- D n H tng k thut khu nui tm Bnh Chu 42,78ha, huyn Xuyn Mc:
Tng mc u t l: 12 t 555 triu ng.
- D n H tng k thut khu nui tm cng nghip Long Hng 321,7ha, Tx.B
Ra: Tng mc u t l: 84 t 800 triu ng.
- D n H tng k thut khu nui c nc ngt cnh ng Don, x Ho Long,
Tx.B Ra 54,9ha: Tng mc u t l: 17 t 547 triu ng
- D n H tng khu nui c nc ngt tp trung Bu Sng x Long Phc 59ha:
Tng mc u t l: 21 t 542 triu ng
- Quy hoch chi tit nng lm thy sn Long Hng 1.000ha: Tng mc u t l:
500 triu ng.
- Tri thc nghim nui thy sn nc ngt, huyn t : 3,2ha
- D n HTKT khu NTTS nc ngt chuyn canh th trn Long in: 40 ha.
- D n khu nui c nc ngt Phc Long Th, huyn t : 95 ha.
- D n NTTS nc mn theo hng nui CN Kim Dinh, TX B Ra: 70 ha.
- D n NTTS nc ngt khu vng Len, huyn t : 50 ha.
Nhn chung cc d n thuc Ngnh Thu sn ni chung, lnh vc NTTS ni ring
thc hin trong nm qua c nhiu kh khn, mt s d n quan trng khng m bo tin
thc hin do nhiu nguyn nhn ch quan v khch quan. Chng hn, D n HTKT
khu nui tm cng nghip Lc An 326 ha, n nm 2007 cng trnh thc hin trn
90% khi lng, ch u t ang trin khai cng tc u thu cho thu t theo ph duyt
ca UBND tnh, tin hon thnh d n chm so vi d kin do cng tc n b gii
phng mt bng chm, cng tc kho st, thit k cha chun xc, hp l; cng tc phn
chia gi thu khng hp l, chng cho; khng c bi t bn ly mt bng thi cng
v trong nm 2007 do phi lp li tng d ton gi thu s 8 (ng dy in trung th,
ng dy in h th v trm bin p) v thi gian ph duyt ko di.
Mc d c UBND tnh v cc S ngnh, cng cc a phng trong tnh
ht sc h tr v khc phc c mt s kh khn ni trn. Tuy nhin, n nay cng
trnh vn gp rt nhiu kh khn do gi c cc loi vt t nh st, thp, xi mng, thit b,
ph tng, vt liu in, u tng t bin. Ch u t ang y mnh vic thi cng gi
thu s 8 (hng mc thi cng ng dy trung h th v trm bin p) v phn u a
vo s dng hon ton cng trnh vo nm 2008.

50
2.3.4. nh gi chung v KT-XH ngnh thy sn
(1) Thun li
- ng gp ng k trong c cu kinh t ca tnh v theo nh hng ca Ngh
quyt i hi ng b tnh B Ra-Vng Tu ln th IV l Phn u xy dng tnh B
Ra-Vng Tu tr thnh mt tnh cng nghip, mnh v kinh t bin, vi h thng thng
cng quc gia v quc t vo thi k 2010-2015; l mt trong nhng trung tm cng
nghip, dch v, du lch, hi sn ca khu vc v c nc
- Tnh BR VT nm trong vng kinh t trng im phi Nam mt trong nhng
vng kinh t si ng nht nc, c iu kin kt cu h tng k thut (giao thng, cng,
x hi pht trin nht c nc. Do c kh nng thu ht u t t nc ngoi cng nh
cc tnh thnh khc do s rt thun li trong vic ku gi cc d n u t.
- Tnh c tim nng rt ln ngun li thy sn v y l mt trong nhng tnh c
ng trng nh bt ln nht nc. Do ngun nguyn liu ti ch rt di do phc v
cho ngnh ch bin v xut khu thy sn.
- BR VT nm gn cc khu cng nghip v trung tm dch v thng mi ln gm
T.p H Ch Minh, ng Nai, Bnh Dng do s thun li trong giao thng trao i
hng ha, cng ngh, tiu th sn phm v thu ht lao ng.
- Giao thng lin lc gia tnh vi cc tnh thnh ln cn thun tin to iu kin
thun li cho pht trin kinh t - x hi ni chung ca tnh.
- Tnh thu ht c rt nhiu cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc thc hin cc
d n u t trong c cc d n phc v cho pht trin thy sn nh u t xy dng
mi v nng cp cc cng c, cng thng mi, khu nui thy sn tp trung, cc khu ch
bin tp trung gp phn nng cao c s h tng pht trin ngnh.
(2) Kh khn
- Do tim nng nui trng thy sn ca tnh khng ln nh cc tnh vng BSCL,
do ngnh ch yu pht trin mnh lnh vc khai thc v ch bin thy sn. Trong xu
hng ti nguyn ngun li thy sn ngy cng c nguy c cn kit nh hin nay th
ngun nguyn liu cha thc s ch ng do ch yu da vo khai thc thy sn.
- C cu kinh t ca tnh ch yu l cng nghip xy dng, dch v do ngnh
nng lm thy sn ni chung v ring thy sn s b cnh tranh v rt nhiu mt nh:
lao ng, vn, d n u t, t ai sn xut.
- Ngun lao ng ca tnh cn di do c bit lng lao ng trong tui c
kh nng lm vic nhng cha kim c vic lm cn kh ln khong 10 13% tng
ngun lao ng y cng l mt trong nhng iu kin thu ht ngun lao ng to
cng n vic lm ngi dn a phng. Tuy nhin thu ht lao ng cho ngnh thy
sn cng l mt vn kh khn do thu nhp t cc ngnh kinh t khc cao hn so vi
thy sn. Trong khi hin nay tnh hnh gi c chi ph u vo phc v cho khai thc
thy sn tng rt cao hn ch s pht trin ca ngh trong c s gia gim lao ng
nh bt thy sn. Cn ngnh NTTS th cn hn ch v din tch nui, cng nh m hnh
v cc d n nui thy sn v lao ng trong ngh nui trng thy sn i hi phi c
kinh nghim v trnh k thut nn to vic lm cng cn nhiu bt cp.
- Mc d nm vng kinh t trng im pha Nam BR VT s gp nhiu iu kin
thun li nh trn nhng cng s gp phi s cnh tranh rt ln vi cc tnh, Thnh ph
trong khu vc v nhiu lnh vc kinh t - x hi.

51
 - Qu trnh th ha BR VT rt cao do cng nh hng rt ln n mc
phn ha giu ngho trn a bn tnh c th ko theo cc t nn x hi.
- H tng k thut cha tng xng vi s pht trin kinh t ca ngnh thy sn,
ngun vn u t thiu.
2.4. R sot cc ch tiu c ph duyt so vi kt qu thc hin quy hoch
* n nm 2005:
Din tch quy hoch NTTS ca cc i tng nui ch yu n 2015 c ph
duyt l 8.500 ha, so vi din tch hin trng NTTS l 8.957 ha; thc hin c 105,4%
so vi quy hoch. Din tch vt quy hoch c duyt l do din tch nui tm S pht
trin mnh ti thi im ny (so vi QH c duyt l 127,6%) trn a bn TP. Vng
Tu, TX. B Ra, huyn Xuyn Mc. Trong khi, din tch hin trng nui c nc ngt
ch t 61,8% v din tch nui trai ngc ch t 4% so vi quy hoch. iu ng lu l
din tch nui c mn l n nm 2005 cha pht trin nui, v vy quy hoch khng kh
thi v i tng ny.
Sn lng hin trng cc i tng nui chnh ch t c 58,8% so vi quy
hoch a ra. C th, sn lng tm nui t 74% v sn lng nui c nc ngt t
68,2%. Sn lng QH nui c mn l a ra rt cao l 1.808 tn, trong khi i tng ny
khng t c.
V s lng tri sn xut ging (ch yu l tri sn xut ging tm S) ch thc
hin c 253 tri, tng ng thc hin c 62,9%; sn lng tm ging cng ch thc
hin c 59,8%, tng ng vi 1,5 t PL. Gi tr sn lng NTTS (theo gi c nh) t
c 89.000 triu ng bng 62% so vi quy hoch.
* n nm 2010:
Din tch quy hoch NTTS ca cc i tng nui ch yu n 2010 c ph
duyt l 9.500 ha, trong khi din tch hin trng NTTS (bao gm cc ch tiu tng
ng vi quy hoch c duyt) ch t 7.762 ha; thc hin c 81,7% so vi quy hoch.
Din tch khng t c so vi quy hoch c duyt, thm ch thp hn din tch nm
mc 2005 l do din tch nui tm S gim mnh trong nhng nm gn y, so vi quy
hoch c duyt ch t 88,9%. Trong khi , din tch hin trng nui c mn l bt
u pht trin nui sau 2005 v t 83,3%, din tch nui c nc ngt pht trin chm
v thc hin so vi quy hoch l 66,4%. Din tch nui trai ngc cng ch t 4% so vi
quy hoch. D n nui cy ngc trai pht trin chm v cng ch giai on sn xut th
nghim.
Sn lng hin trng cc ch tiu nui chnh ch t c 72,2% so vi quy hoch
a ra. C th, sn lng tm nui gn t c vi quy hoch a ra l 90,2%. Sn
lng tm nui tng cao l nh mc nui thm canh tng dn v c ng gp sn
lng nui tm Chn trng. Sn lng nui c nc ngt tng nhanh v c t so vi
QH l 104,5%, sn lng QH nui c mn l n 2010 t c 35,6% so vi quy hoch.
V s lng tri sn xut ging n nm 2010 c xu hng gim mnh v ch c
171 tri hot ng sn xut, tng ng thc hin c 28%; sn lng tm ging cng
ch thc hin c 32,3%, tng ng vi 1,308 t PL. Gi tr sn lng NTTS (theo gi
c nh) t c 248.682 triu ng bng 88,9% so vi quy hoch.
* Cc nguyn nhn chnh dn n quy hoch chm thc hin:

52
 - Trong giai on 2006-2010, din tch nui tm mn l lin tc gim l do tnh
hnh nui tm S thng xuyn xy ra dch bnh, mi trng nc suy gim, nhiu h
nui khng mang li hiu qu trong khi ngun vn u t l rt ln. Ngoi ra, p lc v
pht trin du lch, th ha, cng nghip v cht lng mi trng nc l nhng
nguyn nhn kh thu ht cc nh u t trn nhng vng quy hoch NTTS.
- Quy hoch pht trin nui trng thy sn tnh B Ra-Vng Tu n nm 2010
c ph duyt t nm 2002 nhng quy hoch chi tit (1/2000) cho tng vng nui c th
th cha thc hin c. Do ti cc vng nui cn tn ti nhiu kh khn hn ch v
c s h tng.
- Cc d n u t h tng k thut cc vng nui tp trung phc v pht trin nui
trng thy sn c ph duyt, nhng phi tm ngng trin khai thc hin do thiu
vn, hoc trin khai rt chm c nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan. c bit l
H tng k thut khu nui tm cng nghip 326 ha Lc An trin khai chm v ko di
thi gian.
- Cng tc qun l ma v nui trng cn nhiu bt cp, i tng, thi gian th
nui v thi gian thu hoch khng ng nht, kh kim sot.
- Vn nhim mi trng do nc thi t cc khu cng nghip, cc khu dn c,
cng nh cc hot ng khc vo h thng knh rch ang ngy mt nghim trng.
Tnh trng nhim mi trng, ngun nc mt s vng nui n mc bo ng,
gy thit hi v mt kinh t, i sng v sn xut ca mt b phn ng dn tham gia
NTTS.
- Nui mn l mc thm canh cn thp, nui nc ngt nhn chung vn cn
dng nh l, manh mn, hnh thc nui ch yu l nui QCCT, tn dng din tch mt
nc sn c, th ging v s dng ngun thc n ti ch.
- Gi c u ra i vi hu ht cc sn phm nui l rt bp bnh, c bit l gi
bn tm S ging lin tc gim, thng li p gi dn n cc tri ging thua l ko di;
li th so snh thp so vi cc tnh Bnh Thun, Ninh Thun, Khnh Ha
Bng 2. 18: R sot cc ch tiu thc hin quy hoch ti cc nm mc 2005, 20 10
Nm 2005 Nm 2010
QH So QH So
Stt Danh mc VT Hin Hin
ph snh ph snh
trng trng
duyt HT/QH duyt HT/QH
1 Din tch Ha 8.500 8.957 105,4% 9.500 7.762 81,7%
- Nui tm - 5.780 7.378 127,6% 6.587 5.853 88,9%
- Nui c nc l - 100 0 0,0% 300 250 83,3%
- Nui c nc ngt - 2.550 1.577 61,8% 2.493 1.655 66,4%
- Nui cy ngc trai - 50 2 4,0% 100 4 4,0%
2 Sn lng Tn 12.200 7.177 58,8% 24.000 17.330 72,2%
- Nui tm - 7.400 5.477 74,0% 13.300 12.000 90,2%
- Nui c nc l - 1.808 0 0,0% 7.730 2.750 35,6%
- Nui c nc ngt - 2.492 1.700 68,2% 2.470 2.580 104,5%
3 Tri sn xut ging Tri 402 253 62,9% 610 171 28,0%
4 Sn lng tm ging tr.post 2.510 1.500 59,8% 4.050 1.308 32,3%
5 GTSL (gi C '94) tr. 143.622 89.000 62,0% 279.582 248.682 88,9%

53
 Phan th 3
D BO CC IU KIN PHT TRIN

3.1. Bi cnh trn th gii v trong nc

3.1.1. Bi cnh trn th gii
Trong bi cnh quc t hin nay, cuc cch mng khoa hc cng ngh ang c
nhng bc nhy vt, thc y kinh t tr thc pht trin, lm chuyn dch nhanh c cu
kinh t v lm bin i nhanh cc lnh vc x hi. Ton cu ha, m ca v hi nhp
v ang tr thnh xu th tt yu, va thc y hp tc, va gia tng sc p cnh tranh i
vi mi quc gia, c bit l cc quc gia ang pht trin nh Vit Nam.
Hin ti, Vit Nam tham gia khi ASEAN, gia nhp AFTA, k kt cc hip nh
song phng v a phng vi AC-AFTA, AFTA-3, k kt hip c Vit M, Vit
Nht, Vit EU,, ang tng bc tin ti gia nhp y vo AFTA v chnh thc
tr thnh thnh vin ca WTO, s to ra nhng c hi mi y mnh hn na kh
nng khai thc cc ngun lc t bn ngoi v vn, khoa hc cng ngh, k nng qun l
kinh doanh, ngn nga c tnh trng phn bit i x, b chn p trong thng mi
quc t, gii quyt cc vn th trng ton cu cho hng ha v dch v ca Vit Nam,
rt ngn thi gian cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc ni chung, thy sn ni ring,
nhng ng thi cng t ra nhng thch thc ln cho thy sn hng ha trong nc v
xut khu ca Vit Nam.
Vic ct gim v tin ti xa b hon ton hng ro thu quan cng nh cc chnh
sch h tr khc khi gia nhp cc t chc thng mi quc t i hi hng ha ca Vit
Nam ni chung, thy sn ni ring phi c sc cnh tranh cao hn, nht l cnh tranh i
vi cc hng ha ca Trung Quc v Thi Lan.
Hng ha thy sn ca Vit Nam khi xm nhp th trng th gii s gp phi 5
ro cn ln bt buc phi vt qua hi nhp v pht trin, l:
(1) Tiu chun v cht lng
(2) Tiu chun v v sinh thc phm
(3) Tiu chun an ton cho ngi tiu dng
(4) Tiu chun bo v mi trng
(5) Tiu chun v lao ng
Bn cnh cc tiu chun v cht lng ngy cng cao, thy sn xut khu ca Vit
Nam cn phi p ng v qui m s lng ln v chng loi ngy cng a dng hn ca
th trng th gii.
Tnh hnh chnh tr, an ninh th gii din bin phc tp, nh hng n quan h
kinh t gia cc nc cng s tc ng nht nh n thy sn Vit Nam.
3.1.2. Bi cnh trong nc

54
 D bo tnh hnh trong nc nhng nm ti s c nhiu thun li. Cc c ch
chnh sch mi ca Trung ng v ca tnh v ang c nhng tc ng tch cc i vi
s pht trin ngnh thy sn c nc ni chung v ca tnh B Ra-Vng Tu ni ring.
c bit l Chin lc pht trin ngnh thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020 khi i vo cuc
sng s c tc ng rt ln n ngnh thy sn. Nhng mc tiu c bn ca chin lc
n nm 2020 l:
- Kinh t thy sn ng gp khong 25-30% GDP trong khi nng - lm - ng nghip.
Kim ngch xut khu thy sn t 7-8 t USD. Tng sn lng thy sn t khong 6,5-6,7
triu tn, trong nui trng chim khong 70% tng sn lng.
- Duy tr, n nh sn lng khai thc thy sn mc 2,2-2,5 triu tn. Tng khai
thc xa b; gim nh bt ven b, to chuyn bin r nt v bo v v ti to ngun li
thy sn a nng sut khai thc cao gp t 1,5 - 2 ln so vi hin nay.
- Gi n nh din tch nui trng thy sn khong 1,1- 1,2 triu ha, trong
khong 12 - 15% din tch nui thm canh, cng nghip; sn lng nui t 4,3-4,5 triu
tn.
- 100% nh my v cc lng ngh ch bin thy sn t tiu chun quc gia, bo
m v sinh an ton thc phm p ng yu cu ca cc th trng trong v ngoi nc.
- Phn u to cng n vic lm cho khong 5 triu lao ng ngh c c thu nhp
bnh qun u ngi cao gp 2,5 ln so vi hin nay; trn 50% tng s lao ng ngh c
qua o to, trong phn u 100% lao ng khai thc xa b, nui thm canh, cng
nghip v ch bin xut khu c o to.
Bn cnh nhng thun li nu trn, trong thi gian ti ngnh thy sn cng s gp
phi nhng tr ngi nh nn sn xut nh l manh mn, kh nng cnh tranh cn yu,
cng tc t chc sn xut v c s h tng ngnh thy sn cha ng b, c bit l
nhng tc ng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng m ngnh thy sn s phi i
mt.
3.2. D bo th trng thy sn th gii v trong nc
3.2.1. D bo cung cu thy sn trn th gii
(1) D bo ngun cung
Theo d bo ca T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip Lin Hip quc (FAO,
2004), xu hng chung pht trin ngh c th gii n nm 2030 l:
- Sn lng thc phm thy sn t khai thc ch tng 1,2% mi nm k t u nm
1970, trong khi sn lng nui trng thy sn bnh qun trn 6%/nm. D bo n nm
2020 t trng sn lng gia khai thc v nui trng thy sn l 50/50.
- p dng cc tin b khoa hc, k thut vo nui trng thy sn s tng nng sut,
sn lng v thu nhp, do gi sn phm thy sn lun c xu hng tng.
- Tuy nhin, hot ng nui trng thy sn cng phi i mt vi rt nhiu kh
khn, nh: nhng vn nhim mi trng, cc ri ro dch bnh v phn ng ca x
hi i vi cc tc ng xu t nui trng thy sn, khin khu vc ny pht trin khng
nh mong mun v s nh hng tiu cc n i sng ca ngi ngho v n an ninh
lng thc.

55
 - Vn suy gim ngun li, cht lng mi trng gim v nhiu h sinh thi
thy sinh b xm hi s tc ng khng ch n khai thc m cn nh hng n c hot
ng NTTS. Vn trn ang tr thnh mt tr ngi ln i vi cc hot ng pht trin
ngh c, do i hi phi c s iu chnh c cu ngnh ngh trong ni b ngnh.
chuyn dn khai thc vng bin ven b ra xa b; pht trin nui trng thy sn, trong
c bit quan tm n nui bin; thc hin cc chnh sch, qun l nghim ngt, bo v
v bo tn ngun li thy sn, mi trng sng ca cc loi thy sinh.
- Cc nc ang pht trin, c bit l Chu , s chim u th ni tri trong
vic cung cp sn lng thy sn lm thc phm cho ton th gii, do hot ng khai
thc v nui trng s khng ngng c y mnh, nhiu ging loi s b khai thc nng
n hn.
- Cng ngh nh bt v NTTS s gii quyt cc thch thc mi c cc nc
pht trin v ang pht trin: gim nhu cu du c v bt c trong nui trng; gim thiu
cc tc ng mi trng ca nui thm canh; vic tm kim cc gii php thay th p
ng cc yu cu an ton thc phm i hi phi u t tp trung v cch tip cn thn
trng; v p dng cng ngh thng tin tng cng qun l ngh c.
Cng theo FAO, 2004, sn lng thy sn (khng bao gm dng sn xut bt c
v du c) s t trn 150 triu tn vo nm 2030. Nu vn theo xu hng nh hin nay,
nui trng thy sn s vt qua khai thc thy sn trong nm 2020.
Bng 3. 1: D bo sn lng khai thc v nui trng thy sn th gii n nm 2030
Danh mc 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tng 130.091 136.897 144.328 152.441
Cc nc pht trin 27.537 28.247 29.008 29.826
T trng 21% 21% 20% 20%
Khai thc 22.091 22.257 22.419 22.578
Nui trng 5.446 5.990 6.589 7.248
Cc nc ang pht trin 102.554 108.650 115.320 122.615
T trng 79% 79% 80% 80%
Khai thc 44.734 45.048 45.357 45.659
Nui trng 57.820 63.602 69.963 76.956
Tng 130.091 136.897 144.328 152.441
Khai thc 66.825 67.305 67.776 68.237
T trng 51% 49% 47% 45%
Nui trng 63.266 69.592 76.552 84.204
T trng 49% 51% 53% 55%

56
(Ngun: http://www.globefish.org/dynamisk.php4?id=2061)

Hnh 3. 1: Sn lng thy sn th gii n nm 2030 (vt: 1000 tn)

th trn trnh by tm tt cc xu hng chnh ca ngnh thy sn th gii:
- Cc nc ang pht trin s m rng th phn trong tng sn lng (nm 2030:
khong 80% sn lng th gii).
- Khai thc thy sn v c bn vn gi n nh trong c hai khi: cc nc pht
trin v cc nc ang pht trin.
- Nui trng thu sn cc nc ang pht trin s c tim nng tng trng ln
nht trong tng lai, sn lng nui c th t trn 76 triu tn vo nm 2030. Nui trng
thy sn cc nc pht trin cng s tng trong thi gian ti, nhng s c ng gp t
hn vi khong 10% tng sn lng nui trng thu sn ca th gii (nm 2030 l 7,2
triu tn).
(2) V nhu cu tiu th
V nhu cu thc phm thy sn v mc tiu th trn u ngi, theo d bo ca
Trung tm Thy sn Th gii, n nm 2010 nhu cu thy sn ton th gii vo khong
156,7 triu tn, trong nhu cu thy sn thc phm chim 81,8% v nhu cu thy sn
phi thc phm chim 18,2%. Mc tiu th ca cc nc nh sau: Cc nc ang pht
trin, c bit l khu vc chu , nm 2010 s chim 58% mc tiu th thy sn ton th
gii, k tip s l khu vc chu u v Nga chim 13%, Carib v Nam M s chim 12%
v cc chu lc khc s chim t trng di 10%. n nm 2020, nhu cu thy sn ton
th gii vo khong 183,4 triu tn, trong cc nc ang pht trin s chim ti 77%
tng lng tiu th thy sn ton cu v 79% tng sn lng thy sn th gii.
D bo nhu cu cc sn phm thy sn trung bnh u ngi nm 2010 trn ton th
gii l 18,4kg/ngi/nm v nm 2015 l 19,1kg/ngi/nm. Nh vy, mc tng v nhu cu
s l 18% trong vng 15 nm so vi mc tng 40% trong 20 nm trc. Cc nc ang pht
trin s ng u v tc tng cu theo u ngi, trong khi cc nc pht trin nhn
chung s c xu hng gim xung. Trong tng mc tng v nhu cu sn phm thy sn th
khong 46% mc tng l do s gia tng dn s, s cn li 54% l do s pht trin kinh t.

57
 Nhu cu v thc n cho ng vt v gia cm lm t thy sn v du c s tng
1,1%/(nm 2008-2010) v 0,5% (nm 2010-2015). Lng thy sn cn thit p ng
nhu cu sn xut thc n cho ng vt v cho cc mc ch phi thc phm khc trn ton
th gii khong 45,4 triu tn vo nm 2015.
Theo FAO, tiu th thy sn trong tng lai theo 3 xu hng khc nhau: (1) tiu
th thy sn ch bin bo qun v thy sn p lnh hu nh n nh; (2) tiu th gip
xc, nhuyn th, phil c v cc sn phm ch bin s tng v (3) tiu th sn phm
ng lnh s gim. Vi xu hng ny Vit Nam c li th cao p ng nhu cu tiu
dng ca th gii.
Trong s cc mt hng thy sn, cc mt hng c da trn, c hi, c ng v c bin
vn ng vai tr chnh v c d bo s tng mc 3,8%. Tm cng s tng nhng ch
mc 2,5% trong giai on 2006-2010 v thp hn na giai on sau. C r phi s c
nhiu c hi m rng th trng nh cc li th nh gi thnh nui thp, sn lng
tng do nui bn vng v mt sinh thi, trong khi cc loi c hi v tm i hi thc n
c cht lng cao, mi trng nui tt. V mt th trng, nhu cu tiu th c r phi ang
ngy cng cao v gi bn n nh. C r phi c hng v nh, c th ch bin theo nhiu
khu v khc nhau v c i a s ngi tiu dng chp nhn.
i vi c bin, nhiu loi c y v c tht trng (nh c song, vc, mng bin,
gi) l nhng i tng c u ra v gi c tt, n nh mc cao trn th trng quc t,
cn c pht trin nui trng. Nu Vit Nam nui bin s c nhiu trin vng pht
trin c v quy m, i tng.
Tm vn c coi l mt hng chin lc, do gi tr mt hng ny t xp x 19%
tng gi tr thng mi thy sn quc t nm 2004. Hn 20 nm qua, ngun cung cp tm
cng c gi vng theo xu hng tng trng, tp trung cc nc ang pht trin.
Ngoi ra, cc nc ang pht trin cng ng gp khong 82% tng gi tr nhp khu cc
sn phm c ca th trng th gii.
Cc loi gip xc khc nh cua, gh, cc loi nhuyn th nh nghu, vm xanh v
hu l nhng sn phm cng rt c a chung v gi cao trn th trng th gii. Vit
Nam s y mnh pht trin nui cua, vm xanh v hu nhm p ng nhu cu ni a v
hng ti xut khu.
Xu hng v nhu cu tiu th thy sn th gii t nay n nm 2020 tip tc tng
mnh. Ring sn phm c tra ang c cc nc nhp khu quan tm v c xem l
sn phm thay th c tht trng c ngun gc t cc vng bin bi gi c tng i thp,
cht lng cao, sn lng di do v n nh. Cc nh my ch bin thy sn ti chu u
rt cn nguyn liu c tra v basa Vit Nam ch bin v cung cp cho cc th trng.
Mt khc, mt s th trng thy sn trn th gii ang ngy c m rng nh: Ba Lan,
Nga, cc nc Nam M, khu vc chu . nn sn lng tiu th c tra, c basa s cn
tng mnh t nay cho n nm 2020.
Gi cc sn phm thy sn d bo s tng khong 15% trong vi thp nin ti i vi
cc mt hng thy sn c gi tr cao nh c bin v cc loi gip xc. Vi cc loi c gi tr
nh nhuyn th v mt s loi c s tng tng ng khong 4 v 6%. Nh vy, thy sn c
d bo s tr thnh mt hng thc phm t hn 20% so vi cc mt hng t tht.
Theo d bo ca FAO, tng nhu cu tiu th thy sn th gii s t 245 triu tn
vo nm 2030, trong cc nc ang pht trin s chim 88% tng nhu cu (tng
ng 216 triu tn).
Bng 3. 2: D bo nhu cu tiu th c trn th gii n nm 2030

58
Danh mc 2015 2020 2025 2030
Th gii 165.006 190.913 217.827 245.433
Cc nc ang pht trin 136.459 162.045 188.717 216.141
T trng 83% 85% 87% 88%
Cc nc pht trin 28.547 28.868 29.110 29.292
T trng 17% 15% 13% 12%
(Ngun: http://www.globefish.org/dynamisk.php4?id=2061)

Hnh 3. 2: Nhu cu tiu th c n nm 2030 (vt: 1000 tn)

(Growing per caput consumption)
(3) Cn i cung cu
Sn xut s khng th p ng nhu cu v thm ht trong nm 2030 s l gn 92
triu tn. D bo thm ht ny s c tc ng ln v thng mi thy sn. Gi d kin
cng s i ln v gy cn tr nhu cu.
Bng 3. 3: Cn i nhu cu tiu th c n nm 2030
Danh mc 2015 2020 2025 2030
Nhu cu (1) 165.006 190.913 217.827 245.433
Ngun cung (2) 131.928 138.755 146.214 154.370
Nui trng 63.266 69.593 76.552 84.208
Khai thc 68.662 69.162 69.662 70.162
Cn i (2) - (1) -33.078 -52.158 -71.613 -91.063

59
(Ngun:http://www.globefish.org/dynamisk.php4?id=2061)

Hnh 3. 3: Cn i cung cu thy sn th gii n nm 2030 (vt: 1000 tn)

3.2.2. D bo cung cu thy sn ni a
(1) Ngun cung thy sn
Vit Nam s tip tc pht trin thy sn mnh m theo cc xu hng sau:
- Sn lng thy sn s tip tc tng trng, tuy nhin s chm hn so vi giai
on trc. Tng sn lng thy sn ch yu l do tng sn lng nui trng, khai thc
thy sn khng tng v sn lng nhng s chuyn dch trong c cu sn lng tng
gi tr.
- Khai thc hi sn xa b c y mnh v ngy cng chim t trng cao hn
trong tng sn lng khai thc.
- Khai thc gn b c chn lc cc ngh thn thin vi mi trng v mt s
ngh chuyn i sang ngh khc c thu nhp cao hn v bo v c mi trng sinh
thi.
- Xu th pht trin nui bin ngy cng c y mnh trong vic gn a dng ha
i tng nui ven b vi nhm nhuyn th v thc vt bin v pht trin nui c bin
khi.
- Tip tc pht trin nui theo cc vng sinh thi s dng hp l ti nguyn t
v nc. Ch ng qun l cc hot ng sn xut nhm gim thiu tc ng xu n mi
trng. Pht trin sn xut quy m hng ha, thng mi. i vi nui bin o, pht
trin nui nhng ni c iu kin thun li; p dng cng ngh mi, tin tin khai
thc c tim nng, gim ri ro v tng hiu qu sn xut.
- Tip tc a dng ha i tng nui, c bit l cc loi c gi tr cao tn dng
tim nng cc h sinh thi. a dng cc i tng nui cn c ngha trnh ri ro v th
trng, mi trng v dch bnh.
- Cc bin php qun l tin tin nh BAP, GAP,, s c p dng ph bin v
rng ri hn trong hot ng nui trng thy sn.

60
 Theo chin lc pht trin thy sn n nm 2020, tng sn lng thy sn ca
Vit Nam s t 5,7 triu tn (3,5 triu tn t nui) vo nm 2015 v con s ny n nm
2020 s l 6,7 triu tn (4,3 triu tn t nui).
Bng 3. 4: D bo sn lng thy sn Vit Nam n nm 2020
Danh mc 2015 2020 2011-2015 2016-2020
Tng 5,7 6,7 2,7% 3,3%
Nui trng 3,5 4,3 4,6% 4,2%
Khai thc hi sn 2 2,2 0,0% 1,9%
Khai thc ni a 0,2 0,2 0,0% 0,0%
(Ngun: Chin lc pht trin thy sn n nm 2020 - B NN&PTNT, 2009)
(2) Nhu cu tiu th thy sn trong nc
D bo nhu cu tiu th thy sn th trng trong nc cng s tng mnh trong
thi gian ti, c bit l nhng mt hng ti sng v ch bin sn. D bo t nm 2010
n nm 2020, nu mc tiu th thy sn tng ln 24 kg/ngi/nm th lng tiu th
thy sn trong nc s ln ti 1,95 triu tn vo nm 2010, 2,18 triu tn vo nm 2015
v n nm 2020 con s ny 2,61 triu tn. Thc t cho thy, Vit Nam nhu cu tiu
dng thy sn t l thun vi mc thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng, ngi c thu nhp cng
cao th nhu cu tiu dng hng thy sn cng tng, c bit i vi cc mt hng thy sn
cao cp.
Trong giai on 2010-2020, nhp khu thy sn ca Vit Nam cng s tng v sn
lng do tng nhu cu tiu dng trong nc v cn nguyn liu ch bin ti xut khu.
D bo nhp khu thy sn ca Vit Nam phn ln t cc nc Chu s tng t 8-10%
mi nm trong giai on 2010-2015 v tng ln 10-12% vo nm 2020. Tng gi tr nhp
khu s vo khong 190 triu USD vo nm 2015 v tng gp i vo nm 2020.
Bng 3. 5: D bo sn lng tiu th thy sn ni a n nm 2020
Danh mc vt 2015 2020
Dn s ton quc Tr.ngi 90,1 98,6
Tiu th thy sn ni a ton quc Triu tn 2,18 2,61
(Tnh ton da vo ngun s liu ca tng cc thng k)
Tiu th thy sn trong nc cn tng ln do lng khch du lch quc t n Vit
Nam. Theo s liu ca FAO mc tiu th thy sn u ngi ton th gii khong 18,4
kg/ngi/nm, nh vy i vi khch quc t n Vit Nam nm 2005 tiu th khong
3,9 nghn tn thy sn cc loi, trong tp chung ch yu l mt hng thy sn ti
sng, nm 2010 tiu th khong 7,1 nghn tn, nm 2015 tiu th khong 8,9 nghn tn v
n nm 2020 lng khch quc t n Vit Nam s tng mnh v mc tiu th thy sn
cho nm 2020 khong 10,6 nghn tn.

Bng 3. 6: D bo tiu th thy sn ni a qua khch quc t n Vit Nam

Ch tiu vt 2015 2020
S lng khch quc t n Vit Nam 1.000 lt 5.376 6.559
Mc tiu th TS i vi khch quc t 1.000 tn 8,9 10,6

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(Ngun: Tnh ton d vo ngun s liu ca Tng cc Thng k)
D bo sau nm 2010 th trng hng ho thy sn trong nc cn rt ln; tuy
nhin, i hi ca ngi tiu dng v cht lng ngy cng cao, ch cc ging loi thy
sn c gi tr dinh dng cao, cht lng bo m mi hp dn c ngi tiu dng.
Nu trc nhng nm 90 ca th k trc, thy sn c tiu th ch yu di dng
nguyn con, cht, cc ging loi nui pht trin nhanh (r phi), c p mui, p ...
th ngy nay cc loi c ch bin qua s ch, ng lnh, ti sng v k c hp
v ang tr thnh sn phm hng ho ph bin trn th trng. Nhng i tng thy sn
gi tr cao nh tm bin, cua, gh, tm hm, cc loi c nh; c m, c gi, c chnh, c
qu, c r phi, c ba sa, c tra, c trm en,... c tiu th rng ri ch yu c tiu th
di dng ti sng.
(3) Cn i cung-cu
Cc s liu tnh ton phc tho di y cho thy cung-cu thy sn trong nc
n nm 2020 s din bin theo xu hng cung khng tng kp theo nhu cu.
Bng 3. 7: Cn i cung-cu thy sn th trng ni a n nm 2020 (triu tn)
Stt Danh mc 2015 2020
1 Tng sn lng thy sn (*) 5,70 6,70
2 Dng cho xut khu (**) 3,33 4,11
3 Nhp khu thy sn (*) 0,038 0,076
4 Tiu dng trong nc = (1)+(3)-(2) 2,41 2,67
5 Tng nhu cu tiu th (*) 2,19 2,62
6 Cn i cung-cu =(4)-(5) 0,22 0,05
(Ngun: (*) theo chin lc pht trin thy sn n nm 2020; (**) tnh ton)
(4) Nhu cu tiu th vng ng Nam B
ng Nam B l vng c ngun thy sn t to ra khng nhiu nhng li l ni
tiu th thy sn cao nht Vit Nam. Nm 2009, theo c tnh ton vng ng Nam B
tiu th ht khong 366.418 tn thy sn cc loi (gm c ti v qua ch bin), d
bo n nm 2015 vi dn s d bo ton vng khong 17,25 triu ngi th nhu cu tiu
th khong 414.153 tn (tng 47.735 tn so vi nm 2009) v con s ny n nm 2020
vo khong 457.993 tn (tng 91.576 tn so vi nm 2009).
Nh mng li cc ch ni chung trong vng tng i dy, hu nh ti cc im
dn c tp trung trong vng u c ch v trong cc ch u c khu vc dnh ring cho
thy sn cc loi t ti sng n cc loi ch bin, nn kh nng tiu th thy sn trong
vng rt mnh v rt nhy bn vi c ch th trng. Ti thnh ph HCM c ti 5 ch u
mi chuyn bn s cho cc ch khc trong ton thnh ph, ch ring 5 ch ny c
lng tiu th chim ti 70% tng sn lng.

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 Bng 3. 8: D bo tiu th thy sn cc tnh vng ng Nam B n nm 2020
vt: Dn s: ngn ngi; Nhu cu: tn
D bo nm 2015 D bo nm 2020
Hin trng
Danh mc Tng so Tng so
nm 2009 S lng S lng
vi 2009 vi 2009
Dn s d bo 15.267 17.256 1.989 19.083 3.816
- ng Nai 2.491 2.735 243 2.962 470
- Bnh Thun 1.172 1.280 109 1.356 185
- Bnh Phc 878 1.047 170 1.174 297
- Ty Ninh 1.068 1.148 80 1.205 137
- Bnh Dng 1.497 1.774 277 2.085 588
- B Ra - Vng Tu 997 1.144 147 1.250 253
- TP.H Ch Minh 7.165 8.129 964 9.051 1.886
Nhu cu thy sn 366.418 414.153 47.735 457.993 91.576
- ng Nai 59.791 65.629 5.838 71.082 11.290
- Bnh Thun 28.121 30.725 2.604 32.552 4.432
- Bnh Phc 21.060 25.135 4.075 28.178 7.118
- Ty Ninh 25.625 27.543 1.918 28.909 3.285
- Bnh Dng 35.930 42.567 6.637 50.039 14.109
- B Ra - Vng Tu 23.926 27.452 3.527 30.008 6.083
- TP.H Ch Minh 171.965 195.100 23.135 217.224 45.260

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(Ngun: Hin trng dn s nm 2009 theo Tng Cc Thng k; cc s liu khc theo tnh
ton ca nhm nghin cu)
(5) Nhu cu v th hiu ca khch du lch n B Ra Vng Tu
Theo quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2015
c khong 15 triu lt khch, trong khch nc ngoi khong 5 triu lt khch v
nh hng n nm 2020 c khong 20 triu lt khch, trong khch nc ngoi
khong 7 triu lt khch. Mi khch du tch tiu th sn phm thy sn ti sng
khong 0,5 kg/ngy, s ngy lu tr trung bnh l 1,5 ngy th n nm 2015 cn khong
11.250 tn v n nm 2020 cn 15.000 tn.
Xu hng tiu dng thy sn ti v thy sn ch bin c chuyn dch v hng
cht lng, hng thy sn cao cp, mc d c th chp nhn gi cao trong nhng nm gn
y, khng nh nhng nm trc chy theo s lng. iu ny rt ng quan tm nh
hng pht trin sn xut ca ngnh nui trng thy sn B Ra Vng Tu.
3.3. D bo mt s th trng xut khu chnh
(1). Th trng EU
D on trong thi gian ti, EU s tip tc mc tng trng nhp khu thy sn
cao bi sn lng nh bt ca ton EU b ct gim, nht l loi c tht trng chuyn phc
v cho ch bin thnh phil. EU s tip tc thm ht ln trong thng mi thy sn. Nhp
khu thy sn trong nm 2006 tng 10,7% so vi nm 2005, nm 2007 s tip tc tng
theo xu hng ny.
Vi tng dn s khong 500 triu, mc tiu th thy sn trung bnh l
22kg/ngi/nm, tiu th ht khong 11 triu tn thy sn/nm, thu nhp bnh qun u
ngi cao, hng nm xut khu thy sn mang du m (th trng nhp khu thy sn
thun ty) l th trng rt tim nng, c nhiu c hi cho Vit Nam xut khu. Tuy
nhin, y l th trng i hi kh nghim ngt v v sinh an ton thc phm, c bit l
vn d lng cc cht khng sinh trong sn phm thy sn.
Cc sn phm thy sn ch lc ca Vit Nam xut khu sang EU bao gm: c tra,
tm, mc & bch tuc, c ng, c khc ng lnh v hng kh.
Trong thi gian ti, tiu th ca th trng EU s tng mnh, tp trung ch yu vo
i tng tm s v tm chn trng, c bin ng lnh cc loi, c nc ngt (trong c
c tra ca Vit Nam). y l th trng nhp khu thy sn c d bo l n nh v tip
tc tng trng.
(2). Th trng Nht Bn
T nm 2009 n 2020, nh nhp khu v ngi tiu dng yu cu cao hn v kh
nng cung cp u n v cht lng n nh. p ng c yu cu trn, ch c 2 sn
phm ch yu: tm s c t ln n 25 v tm chn trng c t 26 n nh. Ngun cung
cp ch yu l t cc nc Thi Lan, Vit Nam v Trung Quc. Hin ti, cc sn phm
ch bin gi tr gia tng kh c th tng thm th phn v khi lng cung cp qu
ngng. Sn phm tempura v chin sn vn c tim nng m rng th trng.
Di tc ng khng hong kinh t ton cu, a s ngi dn Nht Bn chuyn
sang tiu dng cc loi thc phm thy sn r hn. Theo s liu thng k v mc chi tiu
cho sn phm thy sn ti cc h gia nh trong giai on 2008-2009 gim xung mc
thp nht trong vng 34 nm qua. Tuy nhin, do m hnh tiu dng thc phm thy sn
tng i n nh, nn trong nm 2008, bn cnh tng nhp khu c ng v cc loi c
bin t Vit Nam, Nht Bn vn ng u v nhp khu tm ng lnh ca Vit Nam.

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 Nm 2009, mc d theo d on ca cc chuyn gia, biu hin i xung ca hot
ng tiu dng vo gia nm 2009 trong khung cnh kinh t Nht Bn chuyn dn t lm
pht sang gim pht, nhng hiu lc ca hng lot cc Hip nh hp tc kinh t Vit
Nam - Nht Bn nh: Hip nh i tc Kinh t Vit Nam - Nht Bn (VJEPA), Hip
nh i tc kinh t ton din ASEAN-Nht Bn (AJCEP) s to c hi thun li y
mnh xut khu thy sn Vit Nam sang th trng ny.
Trong nhng nm ti, th trng Nht Bn vn c xc nh l th trng xut
khu sn phm thy sn ch lc ca Vit Nam, ng gp ln trong t trng tng sn
phm xut khu. Cc mt hng xut khu chnh sang th trng Nht Bn l tm s, mc,
nhuyn th, c ng.
(3). Th trng M
n nm 2015, nhu cu s tng thm 4,4 t pao (hai triu tn) so vi mc hin ti
v n nm 2020, d tnh 50% ngun cung cp cho th trng M s xut pht t nui
trng. Hin ti, 70% thy sn tiu th M l t ngun nhp khu, trong c n 40%
l sn phm nui trng. n nm 2020, tm, c hi, c rphi v c nheo s l bn mt
hng thy sn c tiu th hng u trn th trng M.
Mt trong nhng biu hin r rt nht ca s tc ng khng hong ti chnh i
vi sn phm thy sn Vit Nam ti th trng ny l v tr nhp khu thy sn Vit Nam
t v tr th 2 xung th 3 (sau EU v Nht Bn). T trng ca th trng M gim t
19,1% (720 triu USD) nm 2007, xung 16,5% trong c cu th trng xut khu thy
sn Vit nam nm 2008.
Mt xu th ng quan tm th trng ny l sn lng gim xung nhng gi tr
li tng ln. Gi trung bnh ca sn phm thy sn t cao nht vo nm 2000 l 7,52
USD/kg v gim dn n cc tiu nm 2003 l 6,34 USD/kg v tng tr li cho n nm
2007 l 7,22 USD/kg.
Cho n nay, M tip tc vn l mt th trng hp dn i vi nhiu nh xut
khu thy sn th gii bi sc tiu th kh mnh, khi lng v gi tr thng mi rt
ln, n gi hu nh t mc cao nht so vi cc th trng ln khc nh Nht Bn v
EU..... Sc hp dn cng lm tng tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh xut khu thy sn th
gii. Do , Vit Nam cn y mnh v nng cao t trng gi tr nhp khu thy sn ca
th trng M phc hi v tr nh nhp khu ln th 2 ca th trng M trong tng
lai.
(4). Th trng Hn Quc
Nm 2008, Hn Quc vn ng vng v tr th 4 (ch sau EU, Nht Bn v M)
trong tp cc th trng nhp khu Vit Nam v ng th 2 v nhp thy sn hng kh t
Vit Nam.
Hn Quc trong tng lai vn tip tc l th trng ln ca xut khu sn phm
thy sn Vit Nam, tuy nhin nm 2009, mc tng trng xut khu sang th trng ny
s chng li v kinh t kh khn lm gim nhu cu tiu th. Cc i tng, mt hng xut
khu chnh vo th trng Hn Quc l tm, mc, bch tuc, c tra, c ng, c bin khc
ng lnh v hng thy sn kh.
(5). Th trng Nga - Ucraina

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 Nm 2008, xut khu ca Vit Nam ti th trng Nga tng trng 112% v lng
v 78% v kim ngch so vi nm 2007 (t 193,31 triu USD v 108.945 tn); Nga l th
trng ng u nhp khu c Tra v ng th 4 v nhp khu hng thy sn kh t Vit
Nam. Trong nm 2008, Ucraina tng khi lng nhp khu c tra t Vit Nam gp 2,5
ln so vi nm trc (sau Nga), ring hng thy sn kh, Ucraina tng 120,7% v gi tr
so vi nm trc.
Th trng Nga v cc nc Lin X c vi dn s ng, thu nhp bnh qun u
ngi ngy cng cao, nhiu nc hng nm xut khu thy sn mang du m (th trng
nhp khu thy sn thun ty) do khu vc ny c xc nh l th trng tim nng,
c nhiu c hi cho Vit Nam xut khu sn phm thy sn. Trong tng lai vn tip tc
y mnh xut khu sang th trng ny cc i tng, sn phm ch lc nh c tra v
cc mt hng ch bin kh.
(6). Th trng ASEAN, xtrylia, Trung Quc + Hng Kng
Cc th trng Trung Quc (k c Hng Kng), i Loan v ASEAN (ch yu l
Thi Lan v Singapore) vi s dn ng nht th gii, nhu cu tiu th thy sn ngy
cng gia tng, li nm st Vit Nam nhng xut khu thy sn ca Vit Nam sang cc th
trng ny khng nhng khng tng m cn b gim st trong nhng nm gn y. Trong
s cc nhm sn phm thy sn xut khu sang Trung Quc, ch c sn phm c tra v c
ng l cn duy tr c s tng trng v gi tr kim ngch xut khu. Ngoi sn phm
tm, gi xut khu cc sn phm thy sn xut sang th trng ny u thp ng k so
vi gi xut bnh qun ca cc th trng khc.
Th trng Trung Quc tiu th kh nhiu cc sn phm thy sn ti sng ca
Vit Nam nhng cc mt hng ny c xut khu ch yu qua ng tiu ngch. Do ,
khng c s liu thng k lm c s phn tch, nh gi.
Mc d mc tiu th v din bin nhp khu sn phm thy sn trong giai on
va qua ca th trng ny khng ln v cha thc s n nh, tuy nhin y l khu vc
dn s ng nht th gii, do th trng ny c xc nh l tim nng, cn phi xy
dng chin lc pht trin hp l tng t trng cng nh gi tr xut khu sn phm
thy sn trong thi gian ti. Cc i tng xut khu chnh vo th trng ny l c tra,
tm, nhuyn th v cc loi thy c sn di dng ti sng.

(7). Th trng khc

Ngoi cc th trng k trn, th trng ng u tr thnh th trng nhp
khu c tra ca Vit Nam cn tip tc duy tr v m rng nng cao sn lng v gi tr
xut khu. Mc d xut khu thy sn Vit Nam sang cc th trng c, Canada, i
Loan c xu th gim nh trong nhng nm gn y nhng cn y mnh xc tin thng
mi i vi cc th trng ny.
Xt n nhu cu tiu th thy sn gia cc vng trn th gii cho thy, th trng
tim nng m Vit Nam cn khai ph l th trng chu Phi vi tng nhu cu trn 8,7
triu tn, mc tiu th 8kg/ngi/nm v th trng Nam M vi tng nhu cu 19,2 triu
tn, mc tiu th 10,6 kg/ngi/nm. Ngoi ra, cn y mnh pht trin th trng Trung
ng. i tng xut khu chnh l cc mt hng c da trn, c r phi, c hi, c ng, c
bin v tm.
3.4. D bo cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh
3.4.1. V k thut sn xut con ging

66
 Con ging l khu u tin v quyt nh phn ln s thnh cng trong nui thy
sn. V vy c chng trnh pht trin ging thy sn, c nhiu ti, n nghin
cu v k thut sn xut ging, nng cao t l sng, gim gi thnh, sn xut ging cht
lng caonhm p ng y , kp thi cho cc i tng nui thng phm c gi tr
kinh t.
i tng tm S v TTCT chng ta hon ton ch ng sn xut c con
ging m bo cht lng p ng cho nui thng phm. Cng ngh sn xut cng
c ci thin ng k. To ra nhng n tm ging cht lng cao sch bnh (SPF)
3.4.2. V cng ngh nui
Hin nay nhiu Vin, Trng nghin cu quy trnh, cng ngh nui tm cht
lng cao, trong tng lai s c nhiu qui trnh nui mi, hon thin p dng s thu c
hiu qu v mt kinh t v bn vng v mt mi trng.
Bn cnh , s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh sinh hc trong thi gian qua,
to c nhng kt qu rt c gi tr m ng dng ca n trong cc hot ng ca cc
ngnh kinh t l rt ln (trong c NTTS). Trong mt tng lai khng xa, vic x l
nc thi, cht thi s dng cc phng php sinh hc, m bo khng nhim mi
trng, gi thnh thp, sn xut c hiu qu v bn vng.
i vi nui tm thm canh, trong quy trnh nui nh k ly mu kim tra cc ch
tiu v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm, kim tra mc nhim bnh c bin
php can thip v d bo cho sn phm u ra, trnh ri ro, tng an ton, m bo
cht lng cho sn phm xut khu.
3.4.3. Phng v tr bnh
i vi cc i tng nui thy sn ni chung v tm nc l ni ring th cng
tc phng bnh bao gi cng c xem trng hn tr bnh. Tnh hnh dch bnh din ra
kh phc tp v ph bin nhiu vng nui tp trung trn phm vi c nc. C rt nhiu
cc nguyn nhn khc nhau gy nn dch bnh nh: ngun nc nui nhim mm bnh
cao cha c x l trit , cht lng con ging, k thut nui....
Cc Vin nghin cu v ang nghin cu, th nghim v hon thin phng
php phng tr bnh cho cc ng vt thy sn nui trong c tm nc l (RT-PCR,
Elisa, m hc, vi sinh,). ng thi cng tc kim dch con ging, thc n s c y
mnh v tng cng; qun l ngun nc cp thot trong cc vng sn xut tp trung s
c tht cht; p dng cc qui trnh x l nc v cht thi tin tin l nhng hot ng
lm gim nhng ri ro v dch bnh gy thit hi rt ln cho ngi sn xut.
Tm li trong cng tc phng bnh cn c nhng gii php c th qun l i
tng nui; qun l tt mi trng nc nui; kim sot c mm bnh.
3.4.4. Sn xut thc n cng nghip
c nhiu nghin cu th nghim cc loi thc n khc nhau lm gim gi
thnh v tng hiu qu sn xut. Song, nhn chung thc n cng nghip (TCN) vn l
la chn s 1 hin nay v trong tng lai vi nhiu u im ni tri nh t l chuyn i
thc n cao, gim nhim mi trng, tng cht lng tht, gim lao ng phc v sn
xut, .

67
 Nhng nghin cu gn y v thay th lng protin thc vt thay th cho protin
ng vt thy sn (ch yu t bt c) thnh cng v ng dng trong sn xut thc n
vin ch ng nguyn liu u vo trong sn xut, gim gi thnh v thay th dn
ngun nguyn liu protin ng vt ngy cng khan him v gi cao.
Chng loi thc n rt a dng v phong ph c sn xut trong nc v nhp khu
t cc nc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, phn ln cc loi thc n c h s chuyn i thc n thp
(1,1-1,3). Trong thi gian ti s c nhng loi thc n cho tm nui c sn xut vi gi
thnh hp l, p dng cc qui trnh sn xut tin tin, h s chuyn i thc n thp, s rt
ngn c thi gian nui gim nguy c nhim mi trng v tng hiu qu sn xut.
3.5. D bo nhng bin i kh hu, mi trng
Con ngi can thip qu mc vo t nhin thng qua cc hot ng sn xut
ca cc ngnh kinh t, cht ph rng, khai thc khong sn, x thi cc loi kh t,... hu
qu l kh hu v thi tit ang bin i theo xu th chng li con ngi. Cc cht thi
c hi tng ln (CFCs) ph v tng zn, cht CO 2 gy nn hin tng hiu ng nh
knh (Greenhouse effect), tri t ang nng dn ln, hin tng bng tan, nc bin
dng. Trong ni a tnh trng khai thc ngun nc ngm qu mc gy nn cc hin
tng sn ln,... tnh trng bo, l lt, hn hn, ng t, sng thn,... xy ra thng
xuyn hn s gy ra nhng thm ha rt ln cho loi ngi.
S lng cc cn bo nh hng n Vit Nam khng ch c xu hng tng ln
m mc nh hng ngy cng nhiu. C th d bo chc chn rng kh hu thi tit s
thay i theo chiu hng xu i, iu kin sn xut s ngy cng kh khn, chi ph sn
xut s cao hn v s c rt nhiu ngnh kinh t lm vo tnh trng khng hong trong
tng lai khng xa.
Theo Kch bn BKH-NBD cho Vit Nam, n nm 2020 nhit khu vc Nam
B s tng khong 0,4 oC; lng ma c th tng vo ma ma (1 - 2,6%) v gim vo
ma kh (2 - 3%). Vi kch bn ny ngun nc cc sng trn a bn tnh c th tng
hn vo ma ma v gim thp vo ma kh; mc thay i v nhit v ch ma l
cha nghim trng. Tuy nhin, vic thay i cc iu kin kh hu thi tit phn no s
lm suy gim sc khng, kh nng chng chu vi cc loi bnh dch ca cc i
tng nui thy sn; nguy c bng pht cc loi bnh tng cao.
n nm 2020 nc bin c th dng cao thm 11-12 cm, mt s vng trong tnh
c th tng nguy c mn xm nhp, tuy nhin y l mc nhim mn m hu ht cc loi
thy sn c nui y vn c th sinh trng tt m khng b nh hng nhiu.

Bng 3. 9: Bin i kh hu khu vc Nam B theo kch bn trung bnh (B2)

Cc mc thi gian ca th k 21
Phng n
2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Mc tng nhit 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0
TB nm (oC)
Mc thay i 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5
lng ma (%)

68
(Ngun: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
Bng 3. 10: Kch bn nc bin dng cho Vit Nam n nm 2100
Cc mc thi gian ca th k 21
Phng n
2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Thp (B1) 11 17 23 28 35 42 50 57 65
T.bnh (B2) 12 17 23 30 37 46 54 64 75
Cao (A1FI) 12 17 24 33 44 57 71 86 100

69
(Ngun: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
Trong thi gian qua, mc d cng tc qun l ca chng ta gp nhiu bt cp, tnh
trng pht trin t pht ca cc ngnh kinh t, hin tng cht ph rng,... lm cho
cht lng mi trng ni chung c xu hng xu i. Tuy nhin, do nn sn xut nh l,
lc hu, manh mn nn tc ng v nh hng n mi trng xung quanh vi tc
chm, ch yu l tnh trng nhim hu c, cc b, ang cn nm trong tm kim sot v
c kh nng khc phc c.
Vi xu hng pht trin nhanh, mnh ca cc ngnh kinh t nh hin nay th trong
tng lai khng xa, nu cng tc gim st x thi v qun l cc tc ng n mi trng
khng c quan tm ng mc th tnh trng nhim s kh trnh khi v lc tc
ng ngc li ca n n sn xut v i sng ca ngi dn s gy ra nhng thit hi
m chng ta c th s khng lng trc c.
L ci ni ca ngnh cng nghip du kh, BR-VT l mt trong nhng a phng
c nguy c cao v nhim mi trng do cc s c trn du c th xy ra. Cc kt qu
kho st nh gi hin trng nhim du do cc hot ng khai thc du kh v giao
thng vn ti cho thy, vng bin ven b Vng Tu v ca sng Si Gn-ng Nai c
hm lng du cao, ti 0,06 mg/l, trong khi ti nhng ni khc, ch s ny ch l 0,03
mg/l. Nh vy, mc nhim du khu vc bin Vng Tu mc bo ng, c th
nh hng tiu cc n s pht trin ca ngnh thu sn.
3.6. Nhng thi c v thch thc i vi lnh vc nui trng thy sn BR-VT
(1) Nhng thi c
Vic gia nhp WTO s mang li c hi cho sn phm thy sn Vit Nam trong vic
thm nhp th trng th gii, do cc nc bit n Vit Nam nhiu hn, doanh nhn cc
nc s quan tm hn n xut nhp khu hng ha ca Vit Nam, trong c sn phm
thy sn.
S u i hn v thu quan, xut x hng ho, hng ro phi thu quan v nhng
li ch v i x cng bng, bnh ng s to iu kin hng thy sn Vit Nam c kh
nng cnh tranh trn th trng th gii.
p ng c cc quy nh ca WTO cng nh yu cu ca cc nc thnh
vin, B Thy sn (c) v nay l B NN&PTNT khng ngng iu chnh c ch chnh
sch v ban hnh cc vn bn quy phm php lut, cc tiu chun cho ph hp.
Vo WTO s l c hi cc nh u t nc ngoi quan tm hn n u t vo
pht trin thy sn ti Vit Nam.
Gn y nht l vic Hip nh i tc Kinh t Vit Nam Nht Bn (VJEPA)
chnh thc c Quc hi Nht Bn thng qua v c hiu lc t ngy 24/6/2009. Theo
Hip nh, trong vng 10 nm k t khi Hip nh c hiu lc, 92% cc mt hng xut
nhp khu gia hai nc s c min thu. C th, 86% sn phm nng lm thy sn v
97% hng cng nghip ca Vit Nam xut sang Nht s c hng u i thu, mt
hng khong sn c min thu nhp khu, cc mt hng xut khu tm, mc ng lnh
c gim thu nhp khu xung 1% n 3%. y l mc cam kt cao nht ca Nht Bn
i vi mt nc thnh vin ASEAN.
Thy sn thuc nhm sn phm nng nghip, khng b chi phi bi Hip nh
Nng nghip, i x vi thng mi thy sn nh vi hng ha cng nghip. Do vy
thng mi thy sn c li trong vic t do ha thng mi v gim thu nhp khu. Cc
nc ang pht trin cn c hng li t vic gim thu nhp khu i vi sn phm
ch bin (bnh qun 4,5%).

70
 (2) Nhng thch thc
Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin nn kh nng cnh tranh ca hng thy sn cn
yu, trnh qun l cn nhiu bt cp, trong khi cc yu cu v cht lng, an ton v
sinh thc phm ca cc nc thng xuyn thay i v ngy cng i hi kht khe.
S hiu bit ca cc doanh nghip v lut php quc t, nht l hiu r v php
lut trong tranh chp thng mi cn rt hn ch, iu ny nh hng kh ln ti nng
lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip.
Nng lc, kinh nghim qun l v trang thit b phc v cho kim tra, kim sot
cht lng, kim dch hng thy sn nhp khu cn hn ch - l thch thc ln i vi
vic bo v sc kho ngi tiu dng cng nh sc kho v mi trng sng ca cc loi
thy sn, ng thi cng l thch thc i vi nhng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh s
din ra i vi thy sn Vit Nam.
Do Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin nn nhiu doanh nghip va v nh ang gp
rt nhiu kh khn v vn, cng ngh v kinh nghim, bn cnh k nng v trnh
qun tr ca nhiu doanh nghip thy sn cha p ng c cc chun mc quc t v
cn rt thp so vi cc i th.
Kh nng cnh tranh ca sn phm thy sn Vit Nam ang l mi lo ngi nht
trong giai on hin nay. Nu khng nng cao c sc cnh tranh, th ngnh thy sn
Vit Nam khng nhng s ui sc trong cuc ua xut khu vi nhng i th mnh ca
Chu v Chu M, m cn b cnh tranh ngay chnh trn sn nh. Mc tiu pht trin
ngh c bn vng ch c th t c trn nn tng sn xut hiu qu v sc cnh tranh
cao.
Vic EU a ra qui nh IUU v truy xut ngun gc hi sn khai thc (c hiu lc
t ngy 01/01/2010), theo , cc l hng thu sn phi c thng tin t tn tu khai thc,
tn ch tu, phng tin nh bt, vng bin khai thc, loi sn phm v trng lng,
giy khai bo chuyn hng trn bin, trong khu vc cng, tu tip nhn hoc n v tip
nhn trong cng,... s c tc ng ln n xut khu thy sn Vit Nam, c bit l trong
giai on u thc hin qui nh ny.

71
 Phan th 4
QUY HOCH PHT TRIN NUI TRNG THY SN
N NM 2020

4.1. Quan im pht trin

- Khai thc hp l ngun ti nguyn t, nc (t hoang ha, t chuyn i t
sn xut cc ngnh kinh t khc hiu qu thp,...) c iu kin ph hp a vo pht trin
NTTS, nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng t, mt nc. iu chnh s dng t NTTS
da trn li th so snh gia cc ngnh, lnh vc; trnh tnh trng chng ln, gy xung
t, mu thun trong sn xut.
- u t pht trin NTTS theo chiu su, thnh lnh vc sn xut hng ha, to ra
ngun thc phm ln cung cp cho tiu th ni a, xut khu v nguyn liu cho ch
bin xut khu. Gii quyt cng n vic lm, n nh i sng cho ngi dn v gp phn
pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh.
- Pht trin thu sn phi m bo hiu qu kinh t - x hi v kt hp vi m bo
an ninh quc phng, an ton n tnh mng v ti sn, mi trng sinh thi, li ch quc
gia trn bin.
- Pht trin NTTS phi hi ha vi cc ngnh kinh t khc v nm trong s pht
trin kinh t-x hi chung ca tnh. Pht trin da trn tiu ch l hiu qu v mt kinh t,
n nh v mt x hi v khng gy nhim mi trng.
- u tin pht trin nui cc i tng c gi tr cao, c kh nng xut khu v c
tnh cnh tranh cao trn th trng. Tuy nhin, phi nghin cu, th nghim c c s
khoa hc trc khi b tr cc i tng nui ph hp vi tng vng c th nhm nng cao
hiu qu sn xut.
- Khuyn khch, h tr cc t chc, c nhn tham gia u t pht trin NTTS vi
cc hnh thc t chc sn xut ph hp theo hng bn vng, tun th theo php lut;
pht huy tt ni lc v tranh th ti a cc ngun lc h tr t bn ngoi di mi hnh
thc u t.
- Ch trng qun l cht lng, v sinh an ton thc phm, nhm p ng tt nht
cc yu cu ca th trng trong nc v quc t.
4.2. nh hng pht trin
- Pht trin NTTS theo 3 loi hnh nui: nui chuyn, nui kt hp v nui lng b;
trn 3 vng sinh thi: nc ngt, nc mn l v trn bin. c bit l y mnh pht trin
hnh thc nui lng b huyn Cn o.
- Xc nh c m, tm S, tm Chn trng l i tng nui ch lc; nui vi hnh
thc TC, BTC (tm S), TC (tm Chn Trng), nui lng b (c m, c chm, c chim, c
bp), ng thi pht trin m hnh nui sinh vt cnh (c cnh) trn a bn tnh.
- Quy hoch li h thng tri sn xut ging tm bin, tng bc nng cao cht
lng, uy tn i vi vng ng Nam B, BSCL. Pht trin sn xut ging thy sn nc
ngt cung cp cho nhu cu nui trong tnh v cc khu vc ln cn. p dng quy trnh k
thut sn xut ging cht lng cao to ra ngun ging sch bnh, cung cp v s
lng, m bo v cht lng.

72
 - Chuyn i dn nhng i tng c hiu qu sn xut thp, th trng tiu th kh
khn sang nui nhng ging loi thy c sn c gi tr kinh t cao hn.
- u t h thng h tng c s theo cm, dt im sau m rng khu vc khc.
u tin u t h thng thy li trc.
- T chc sn xut theo m hnh T hp tc, Hp tc x hoc cc hi ngh nghip
chia s thng tin v huy ng c s tham gia ca cng ng.
- Trin khai p dng cc tiu chun k thut trong sn xut (truy xut ngun gc,
GAP, SQF, CoC,) p ng c yu cu ca cc nc nhp khu.
- Tng cng cng tc xc tin thng mi, xy dng knh thng tin th trng
ch ng lp k hoch sn xut, tiu th sn phm.
- Tng cng cng tc kim tra, gim st nhng tc ng ca sn xut n mi
trng c nhng gii php khc phc kp thi khi c hin tng nhim.
- Tip tc xy dng cc chnh sch, th ch c th, hp dn thu ht ngy cng
nhiu nh u t c y cc tim lc v kinh t, k thut, cng ngh tham gia pht
trin nui tm, c trong vng quy hoch.
4.3. Mc tiu pht trin
4.3.1. Mc tiu chung
- Trong thi k quy hoch sn xut NTTS theo quy m hng ha, m bo v sinh
an ton sn phm thy sn phc v cho ch bin xut khu v tiu th ni a nhm
tng kim ngch xut khu v ng gp ng k cho nn kinh t ca tnh.
- Pht huy c li th v v tr a l, iu kin kinh t v khoa hc k thut
pht trin NTTS theo hng a dng ha i tng v loi hnh nui.
- Khai thc v s dng hiu qu ngun ti nguyn t v nc pht trin NTTS
theo hng n nh v bn vng nhm tng gi tr sn xut, to thm cng n vic lm,
nng cao thu nhp v i sng cho ngi dn.
- Pht trin NTTS s tng bc hon thin c s h tng k thut, va phc v sn
xut va phc v cho i sng ca ngi dn.
- Pht trin NTTS s gim p lc v sn lng cho ngh KTTS, c bit l cc
ngh khai thc xm hi ngun li ven b. Bn cnh , cn to cng n vic lm cho cc
h khai thc khi c nhu cu chuyn ngh.
4.3.2. Mc tiu c th
- Din tch NTTS n nm 2015 l 7.680 ha v n nm 2020 l 7.000 ha. Trong
, din tch nui nc ngt nm 2015 l 2.098 ha, tng ln 2.540 ha (2020); din tch
nui mn l c xu hng gim t 5.142 ha (2015) xung cn 3.860 ha (2020); din tch
nui trn bin n nm 2015 l 440 ha, tng ln 600 ha (2020). S lng lng b nui c
bin n nm 2015 l 4.600 lng, tng ln 5.300 lng (2020).
- Sn lng NTTS n 2015 l 25.000 tn, tng ln 27.160 tn (2020); tc tng
trng bnh qun l 4,69%/nm trong giai on 2011 - 2015 v 1,67%/nm giai on
2016 - 2020. Tng sn lng 5 nm giai on 2011 2015 khong 115.000 tn.
- Gi tr sn lng (gi hin hnh) n nm 2015 l 1.471,06 t ng, tng ln
1.834,51 t ng (2020). Gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) n nm 2015 l 377,13 t ng,
tng ln 429,91 t ng (2020). Tng gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) 5 nm giai on 2011
2015 l 1.607 t ng.

73
 - n nm 2015 thu ht 8.910 ngi tham gia NTTS, s lao ng ny gim nh
theo din tch nui cn 8.200 ngi (2020).
4.4. Cc phng n pht trin NTTS
4.4.1. Phng n 1: Pht trin trong iu kin t c thun li
Phng n ny c tnh ton n quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH th x B
Ra thi k 2009 - 2020 s chuyn i din tch NTTS sang pht trin cc khu th mi
v du lch sinh thi sau nm 2015. ng thi, quy hoch khu cng nghip Tn Thnh,
quy hoch cnh quan sinh thi P.12, TP. Vng Tu v quy hoch pht trin du lch
Phc Thun, huyn Xuyn Mc trin khai thc hin.
Sn phm nui gp phi s cnh tranh i vi cc loi thc phm khc trn th trng,
b p t thu chng bn ph gi, i mt ngy cng nhiu vi nhng ro cn k thut.
Trong vng cha to iu kin kch thch cng nh to ra s hp dn thu ht cc nh
u t. Kh nng cc nh u t vo vng vi s lng v quy m hn ch; nh u t trin
khai chm, dn tri, khng s dng ht qu t k kt. Cng tc n b gii ta cn chm,
thiu quyt lit.
Gp kh khn v vn v ngun vn u t hn ch; tnh trng vay vn khng c
thun li, li sut cho vay cao. Gi c bp bnh, ch s lm pht tng nhanh.
Mi trng nc ngy cng kh nui, tnh trng nhim do cc hot ng x thi
trc tip ra mi trng nc ca cc khu cng nghip; thiu s kim tra, phi hp gia
cc c quan lin ngnh. Cha p dng quy trnh k thut nui tin tin vo trong sn xut
nn sn lng cha cao.
Bng 4. 1: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA1 n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 7.852 6.830 5.780 -2,75 -3,28
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 1.655 1.825 2.015 1,97 2,00
- C - 1.625 1.775 1.935 1,78 1,74
- Thy c sn - 30 50 80 10,76 9,86
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 6.043 4.605 3.265 -5,29 -6,65
- Tm nc l - 5.703 4.255 2.935 -5,69 -7,16
- C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 250 250 220 0,00 -2,52
- Nhuyn th - 90 100 110 2,13 1,92
1.3 Nui trn bin - 154 400 500 21,03 4,56
- Trai ngc - 4 100 100 90,37 0,00
- C bin v sinh vt cnh - 150 300 400 14,87 5,92
1.4 S lng lng nui c bin Lng 3.290 4.000 4.900 3,99 4,14
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 19.880 20.270 20.560 0,39 0,28
- Tm - 12.000 11.580 10.510 -0,71 -1,92
- C - 6.550 7.230 8.380 2,00 3,00
- Thy sn khc - 1.330 1.460 1.670 1,88 2,72
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 623,66 1.235,72 1.433,41 14,66 3,01
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 248,68 317,29 339,77 4,99 1,38
5 VA (gi c nh '94) - 114,04 142,80 152,90 4,60 1,38
6 Lao ng Ngi 7.660 7.740 6.800 0,21 -2,56

74
4.4.2. Phng n 2: Pht trin trong iu kin tng i thun li
Phng n ny c tnh ton n quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH th x B
Ra thi k 2009-2020 s chuyn i din tch NTTS sang pht trin cc khu th mi
v du lch sinh thi sau nm 2015.
Sn phm nui c th trng tiu th n nh. Thu ht c nh u t tham gia
vo quy hoch. C s gn kt gia sn xut, ch bin v tiu th sn phm.
H thng c s h tng phc v sn xut c u t tng i hon chnh. c
bit l c s h tng thy li c cc cp chnh quyn a phng quan tm u t,
ngun nc c bn p ng c cho ngi nui.
p ng y nhu cu v ging, thc n cng nghip, thuc th y thy sn .
C s phi hp lin ngnh trong cng tc bo v mi trng. p dng cng ngh mi vo sn
xut, gim ri ro v dch bnh v nhim mi trng.
Bng 4. 2: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA2 n nm 2020 (PA chn)
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 7.852 7.680 7.000 -0,44 -1,84
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 1.655 2.098 2.540 4,86 3,90
- C - 1.625 2.048 2.445 4,74 3,61
- Thy c sn - 30 50 95 10,76 13,70
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 6.043 5.142 3.860 -3,18 -5,57
- Tm nc l - 5.703 4.712 3.410 -3,75 -6,26
- C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 250 270 220 1,55 -4,01
- Nhuyn th - 90 160 230 12,20 7,53
1.3 Nui trn bin - 154 440 600 23,36 6,40
- Trai ngc - 4 100 100 90,37 0,00
- C bin v sinh vt cnh - 150 340 500 17,78 8,02
1.4 S lng lng nui c bin Lng 3.290 4.600 5.300 6,93 2,87
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 19.880 25.000 27.160 4,69 1,67
- Tm - 12.000 13.880 14.060 2,95 0,26
- C - 6.550 8.700 9.400 5,84 1,56
- Thy sn khc - 1.330 2.420 3.700 12,72 8,86
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 623,66 1.471,06 1.834,51 18,72 4,51
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 248,68 377,13 429,91 8,69 2,65
5 VA (gi c nh '94) - 114,04 169,70 193,48 8,27 2,66
6 Lao ng Ngi 7.660 8.910 8.200 3,07 -1,65

75
 Bng 4. 3: Phn b k hoch cc ch tiu NTTS G 2011 2015 theo PA 2
K hoch giai on 2011 - 2015
Stt Danh mc vt Tng
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 7.756 7.682 7.628 7.593 7.680 38.339
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 1.735 1.819 1.908 2.001 2.098 9.561
- C - 1.702 1.783 1.867 1.955 2.048 9.355
- Thy c sn - 33 37 41 45 50 206
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 5.844 5.655 5.475 5.304 5.142 27.420
- Tm nc l - 5.489 5.284 5.086 4.895 4.712 25.466
- C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 254 258 262 266 270 1.309
- Nhuyn th - 101 113 127 143 160 644
1.3 Nui trn bin - 184 223 273 341 440 1.461
- Trai ngc - 8 14 28 53 100 202
- C bin v sinh vt cnh - 177 208 245 289 340 1.259
1.4 S lng lng nui c bin Lng 3.518 3.762 4.023 4.302 4.600 20.205
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 20.786 21.747 22.766 23.849 25.000 115.000
- Tm - 12.354 12.719 13.095 13.482 13.880 65.531
- C - 6.933 7.338 7.766 8.220 8.700 38.956
- Thy sn khc - 1.499 1.690 1.905 2.147 2.420 9.661
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 740 879 1.044 1.239 1.471 5.373
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 270 294 319 347 377 1.607
5 VA (gi c nh '94) - 123 134 145 157 170 728
6 Lao ng Ngi 7.895 8.137 8.387 8.645 8.910 41.974

4.4.3. Phng n 3: Pht trin trong iu kin thun li

Cc th trng tiu th sn phm thy sn trn th gii lin tc c m rng, sn
lng nhp khu tng mnh, gi xut khu mc cao. Gi c u ra theo khuynh hng
tng dn.
C c ch, chnh sch thng thong; ngi dn trong vng ng tnh ng h; thu
ht c phn ln cc nh u t tham gia vo vng quy hoch.
C s gn kt gia 4 nh: nh Nng - nh Ch bin tiu th - nh Qun l - nh
Khoa hc thc s cht ch v bn vng.
H thng c s h tng phc v NTTS pht trin ng b, hon chnh. p ng
y nhu cu v ging, thc n cng nghip, thuc th y thy sn .
thc v trch nhim ca cng ng thc s c nng cao i vi cc vn v
mi trng sn xut, mi trng sng. Cng tc bo v mi trng c s phi hp lin
ngnh, ng b . ng dng tt cng ngh sinh hc trong nui, ch bin, x l mi
trng , sn phm u ra t cht lng cao theo tiu chun quy nh, sn lng lin
tc gia tng.

76
 Bng 4. 4: Cc ch tiu quy hoch NTTS theo PA3 n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 7.852 7.852 7.852 0,00 0,00
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 1.655 2.103 2.688 4,91 5,03
- C - 1.625 2.053 2.593 4,79 4,78
- Thy c sn - 30 50 95 10,76 13,70
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 6.043 5.309 4.564 -2,56 -2,98
- Tm nc l - 5.703 4.879 4.064 -3,07 -3,59
- C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 250 270 270 1,55 0,00
- Nhuyn th - 90 160 230 12,20 7,53
1.3 Nui trn bin - 154 440 600 23,36 6,40
- Trai ngc - 4 100 100 90,37 0,00
- C bin v sinh vt cnh - 150 340 500 17,78 8,02
1.4 S lng lng nui c bin Lng 3.290 4.600 5.300 6,93 2,87
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 19.880 27.290 34.270 6,54 4,66
- Tm - 12.000 16.056 19.678 6,00 4,15
- C - 6.550 8.735 10.854 5,93 4,44
- Thy sn khc - 1.330 2.499 3.739 13,44 8,39
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 623,66 1.618,35 2.349,71 21,01 7,74
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 248,68 415,56 552,27 10,82 5,85
5 VA (gi c nh '94) - 114,04 186,99 248,54 10,40 5,86
6 Lao ng Ngi 7.660 9.130 9.630 3,57 1,07

77
4.4.4. La chn phng n pht trin
- Phng n 1: b tr din tch nui thy sn theo hnh thc nui TC, BTC v lng
b cho cc i tng nui mc thp, nhm hn ch tnh trng tn ng sn phm, gy
nh hng ln n i sng kinh t ca ngi sn xut. ng thi, cc quy hoch trn a
bn trin khai, thc hin. Nh vy, c th xem PA1 l phng n d phng trong iu
kin kh khn m ngh NTTS s i mt; y l PA d thc hin nht trong c 3 PA. Tuy
nhin pht trin theo PA ny s khng pht huy c li th so snh v khng mang li
hiu qu kinh t tng xng vi tim nng.
- Phng n 2: xy dng da trn nhng nhn nh, nh gi tnh hnh pht trin
v khoa hc, cng ngh v th trng tiu th kh quan hn so vi PA1; din tch nui
theo hnh thc TC, BTC m rng lin tc trong giai on 2011 - 2020. Song, vic pht
trin din tch nui cp cp k thut cao mc va phi v tp trung ch yu vo cc
i tng c kh nng tiu th cao v c gi tr kinh t nh: tm S, tm Chn trng, c
bin. Phng n 2 c tc pht trin ph hp vi iu kin kinh t, k thut, u t ca
tnh trong giai on hin nay v d bo trong tng lai. Mc d cha khai thc ht tim
nng din tch NTTS ca tnh, song PA ny c xy dng c c s khoa hc, ph hp
iu kin t nhin v vi Ngh quyt ca Ban thng v Tnh y v pht trin NTTS tnh
B Ra Vng Tu n 2015. Phng n ny cng tnh ton cho quy hoch NTTS TX.
B Ra n nm 2015.
- Phng n 3: xy dng da trn s xem xt, phn tch cc yu t tc ng theo
hng thun li v n nh thc y ngh NTTS ca tnh pht trin. Phng n 3 tnh
ton ri ro v th trng, mi trng nc v cng ngh mc thp; pht trin quy m
nui cp k thut cao, u t pht trin theo chiu su nhm tng nng sut, sn lng.
ng gp ca PA3 cho s pht trin kinh t-x hi ca tnh l kh ln, song pht trin
theo phng n ny i hi c s u t ln, ng b c nhn lc v vt lc; y s l
nhng tr ngi trong qu trnh pht trin. PA3 c coi l PA phn u.
T nhng nhn nh, phn tch trn, xut chn Phng n 2 phn tch v
tnh ton trong qu trnh pht trin. Tuy nhin, gia cc phng n c ranh gii mm v
c th la chn, cn i cc giai on khc nhau cho ph hp vi iu kin thc t ti
a phng.
4.5. L trnh pht trin trong tng giai on
4.5.1. Giai on 2011 - 2015
- Tip tc t chc li qun l v sn xut, tng cng cc th ch v chnh sch
ngi dn c th tham gia vo hot ng NTTS c hiu qu.
- u t pht trin theo chiu su cc m hnh nui tm nc l TC v BTC
Vng Tu, B Ra, t , Xuyn Mc; nui c lng b Vng Tu, Cn o.
- Tip tc hnh thnh cc t chc sn xut thy sn trn a bn tnh (cc HTX,
THT, hi ngh nghip,..). Hnh thnh Ban qun l vng nui tp trung.
- Tng cng cng tc o to ngun nhn lc v trang thit b phc v cho qun
l hot ng NTTS ca tnh.
- Tng cng cng tc o to, chuyn giao k thut cho ngi sn xut, nhm
gim cc ri ro v mi trng, dch bnh, ng thi tng nng sut v sn
lng.

78
 - Tng cng cng tc gim st tc ng mi trng ca hot ng khai thc,
nui trng, ch bin v dch v thy sn trn a bn tnh ca cc c quan chc
nng. C s phi hp lin ngnh ng b v cht ch.
- Tng cng cng tc trao i thng tin v th trng tiu th sn phm gia
cc c quan chc nng, cc doanh nghip v cc t chc sn xut, y mnh
cng tc xc tin thng mi m rng th trng tiu th sn phm.
- u t h thng h tng phc v cho nui trng thy sn cc khu vc nui
tp trung (thy li, in, giao thng, h thng ging,..).
- Tng cng cng tc khuyn ng, tp hun ngn hn cho cc h tham gia nui
trng thy sn v cp nht ph bin cc k thut mi vo sn xut. p dng
cc bin php nui sch, an ton v c trch nhim trong vng nui nh: GaqP,
BMP, CoC, SQF,...
- R sot li ton b h thng tri sn xut ging tm bin trn a bn sp
xp, b tr li hp l nhng ni c iu kin thun li. u t nng cp cc
tri cha t tiu chun nhm ch ng p ng ngun ging m bo cht
lng cho cc vng nui tp trung. u t xy dng cc tri ging tm Chn
trng, c bin theo TCN.
- Trin khai thc hin cc d n u t theo th t u tin c xut trong
Quy hoch (c s h tng, dch v phc v sn xut thy sn) giai on 2011-
2015.

4.5.2. Giai on 2016-2020

- Tip tc m rng din tch theo hng u t chiu su nhm nng cao nng sut v
sn lng i vi hnh thc nui tm, c TC v BTC. Pht trin mnh m hnh nui
c lng b trn bin.
- Hon thin h thng c s h tng, dch v phc v sn xut v to iu kin
thun li ku gi cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc tham gia vo lnh vc
NTTS.
- Tng cng cng tc o to ngun nhn lc v trang thit b phc v cho cng
tc qun l ngnh thy sn ca tnh ni chung v NTTS ni ring.
- Tip tc trin khai thc hin cc d n u t theo th t u tin c xut
trong QH (c s h tng, dch v phc v sn xut thy sn) trong giai on
2016 - 2020.
- Khp kn quy trnh sn xut i vi c s c iu kin tt nhm nng cao cht
lng sn phm cng nh bo qun v chng tht thot sau thu hoch.
- Tng cng cng tc gim st, x l tc ng mi trng ca hot ng khai
thc, nui trng, ch bin v dch v thy sn trn a bn tnh ca cc c quan
chc nng.
- p dng cng ngh sinh hc trong khu sn xut ging v nui thng phm
cng nh cc sn phm sau thu hoch. Tng cng hot ng bo v v lu gi
cc ngun ging gen c bn a.

79
 - T chc sn xut theo hng cng nghip ho, hin i ho; chng tht thot
sau thu hoch, tun th nghim ngt cc quy ch qun l vng nui an ton, sn
phm ch bin an ton.
- Hon thin h thng knh thng tin trong v ngoi ngnh c bit l thng tin
v th trng tiu th sn phm gia cc c quan chc nng, cc doanh nghip
v cc t chc sn xut. Tip tc y mnh cng tc xc tin thng mi m
rng th trng tiu th sn phm.
- Kin ton b my t chc, qun l pht trin thy sn trong sn xut, kinh
doanh v thng mi thy sn. Pht trin h thng khuyn ng n tn phng,
x nhng ni c din tch nui trng thy sn tp trung v tng i ln.
4.6. Quy hoch nui trng thy sn theo phng n chn
4.6.1. Phn vng quy hoch
Da vo c im iu kin t nhin, mi trng - sinh thi; thc trng pht trin
kinh t - x hi v hin trng NTTS ca tnh. V c bn phn vng quy hoch NTTS trn
a bn tnh BR-VT chia thnh 3 vng sinh thi sau:
1) Vng nui thy sn nc ngt
B tr nui ri rc cc huyn th trong tnh, thuc din tch ca t nng nghip
bao bm din tch nui ao trong cc t th c, nui c mt nc ln trn h cha thy
li, nui trong cc rung trng, mng vn.
Din tch nui nc ngt bao gm ton b huyn Chu c, cc x Chu Pha, Tc
Tin, Sng Xoi thuc huyn Tn Thnh; TT. Phc Bu v cc x Phc Tn, Xuyn
Mc, Bng Trang, Ha Hi, Bng Ring, Ha Hip, Ha Bnh, Tn Lm, Ha Hng, Bu
Lm, Phc Thun, Bnh Chu thuc huyn Xuyn Mc; x An Nht, Long in, Tam
Phc thuc huyn Long in; cc x Lc An, Long M, Phc Hi, Lng Di, Long
Tn, Phc Long Th v TT. Phc Hi thuc huyn t .
Din tch tim nng nui thy sn nc ngt khong 2.353 ha (cha tnh phn din
tch h cha nc thy li kt hp NTTS). Trong , din tch quy hoch nui nc ngt
ca tnh cho cc loi hnh nui n nm 2020 l 2.540 ha.
2) Vng nui nc mn l
Vng nui tp ch yu ti cc h lu sng Th Vi v sng Ray; cc khu t trng
nhim mn gip theo cc ca sng; cc khu rng ngp mn ven bin. Tng din tch tim
nng khong 12.940 ha. Trong , din tch tim nng nc l chuyn cho pht trin nui
trng thy sn l 5.823 ha, din tch rng ngp mn c th kt hp pht trin nui trng
thy sn l 5.972 ha. Tuy nhin, theo nh hng pht trin KT-XH ca tnh, TP. Vng
Tu v TX. B Ra s chuyn i t NTTS sang pht trin t th c v dch v khc.
Theo , quy hoch din tch nui nc l mn n nm 2020 l 3.860 ha.
B tr din tch nui pha Bc cc huyn Tn Thnh (thuc x Phc Ha, Tn
Phc v Tn Ha), huyn Long in (x An Ngi, TT. Long in), huyn t (x
Lc An, x Lng Di), huyn Xuyn Mc (x Phc Thun, x Bnh Chu) v thnh ph
Vng Tu (phng 12, x Long Sn). Vng c cht lng nc kh thun li cho nui
trng thy sn bao gm khu vc cc x ca sng ven bin thuc h lu sng Ray.
3) Vng nui ca sng v bin o

80
 Pht trin nui vng ca sng v bin o bao gm cc vnh ven bin huyn Cn
o (vnh Bn m, vnh Cn Sn v vnh ng Bc) v vng ca sng Ch V thuc
x Long Sn, TP.Vng Tu. Vng ny thch hp cho vic pht trin cc i tng hi sn
c gi tr kinh t cao vi hnh thc nui lng b vi cc i tng nh: c m, c hng, c
bp, nui trai ly ngc v nui sinh vt cnh.
Din tch tim nm cc eo vnh v ca sng ven bin khong 600 ha, trong
huyn Cn o khong 400 ha, TP.Vng Tu khong 200 ha. Khu vc bin cho php
nui thuc bin Vn quc gia Cn o. nh hng s pht trin mnh NTTS hng ra
bin v khai thc ht tim nng din tch nui bin n 2020 l 600 ha.
4.6.2. Quy hoch din tch v lng b nui
- Din tch nui thy sn nc ngt n nm 2015 l 2.098 ha tng ln 2.540 ha
(2020), chim khong 27,3% - 36,3% din tch NTTS. Trong , din tch nui c chim
t 96,3% - 98,2% so vi din tch nui nc ngt. Vi cc loi hnh nui nh: nui c ao,
h nh; nui c rung trng v nui c mt nc ln. n nm 2015, din tch nui thy
c sn l 50 ha tng ln 95 ha (2020). i tng nui c nc ngt ao h nh: c lc,
tr, r phi n tnh, r ng; nui c mt nc ln nh: m, tri, trm, chp, r phi; nui
thy c sn nh: ln, baba, ch.
- Din tch nui nc l mn n nm 2015 l 5.142 ha v c xu hng gim n
nm 2020 ha cn khong 3.860 ha. Trong , din tch gim ch yu l do gim mnh
din tch nui S sinh thi - tm rng v QCCT trong sut thi k quy hoch. u t pht
trin theo chiu su vi hnh thc nui tm S cp k thut cao TC v BTC. n nm
2020, din tch nui tm S TC v BTC ln lc t 570 ha v 440 ha; din tch nui tm
Chn trng quy hoch n nm 2020 l 575 ha; Din tch nui c mn l TC v BTC n
nm 2020 l 220 ha.
- Quy hoch nui nhuyn th (thn mm) nh: s Huyt, hu n nm 2015 l 160
ha tng ln 230 ha (2020).
- M hnh nui lng b trong nm 2010 t 3.290 lng, n nm 2015 s lng tng
ln 4.600 lng v n nm 2020 tng ln l 5.300 lng. Trong , din tch nui c bin
v sinh vt cnh n 2020 l 500 ha. Nui trai ly ngc n nm 2020 b tr nui 100 ha.
- Tng din tch NTTS ton tnh trong 2010 t 7.852 ha, gim xung cn 7.680
ha nm 2015 v n nm 2020 dng mc 7.000 ha. Trong , din tch t s dng
chuyn cho NTTS n nm 2015 l 4.700 ha v n nm 2020 l 4.070 ha. Din tch
NTTS ton tnh c cn i, ph hp vi quy hoch KT-XH ca tnh v khng chng
ln vi quy hoch s t v cc quy hoch khc. ng thi quy hoch ch trng pht
trin theo chiu su nhm tng nng sut, sn lng p ng nguyn liu cho ch bin,
xut khu v tiu th ni a.
Bng 4. 5: Quy hoch din tch v lng b NTTS tnh BR-VT n nm 2020

81
 HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
I Tng din tch NTTS ha 7.852 7.680 7.000 -0,44 -1,84
1 Nui nc ngt - 1.655 2.098 2.540 4,86 3,90
1.1 C - 1.625 2.048 2.445 4,74 3,61
- C ao, h nh - 120 236 295 14,48 4,56
- C rung trng - 45 92 50 15,38 -11,48
- C mt nc ln - 1.460 1.720 2.100 3,33 4,07
1.2 Thy c sn - 30 50 95 10,76 13,70
2 Nui nc l mn - 6.043 5.142 3.860 -3,18 -5,57
2.1 Tm nc l - 5.703 4.712 3.410 -3,75 -6,26
* Tm S - 5.373 4.092 2.835 -5,30 -7,08
- Tm TC - 390 570 570 7,89 0,00
- Tm BTC - 510 580 440 2,61 -5,38
- Tm QCCT - 1.445 1.000 550 -7,10 -11,27
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 3.028 1.942 1.275 -8,50 -8,07
* Tm Chn trng (TC) - 330 620 575 13,44 -1,50
2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 250 270 220 1,55 -4,01
2.3 Nhuyn th - 90 160 230 12,20 7,53
- S huyt - 30 40 50 5,92 4,56
- Hu - 60 120 180 14,87 8,45
2.4 Nui trn bin - 154 440 600 23,36 6,40
- Trai ngc - 4 100 100 90,37 0,00
- C bin v sinh vt cnh - 150 340 500 17,78 8,02
II S lng lng b nui lng 3.290 4.600 5.300 6,93 2,87
- C M - 2.355 3.000 3.300 4,96 1,92
- C Gi - 700 1.200 1.400 11,38 3,13
- C bin khc - 235 400 600 11,22 8,45

82
Error! Not a valid link.4.6.3. Sn lng v nng sut nui trng thy sn
Tng sn lng NTTS trong nm 2010 t 19.880 tn, tng ln 25.000 tn vo nm
2015 v n nm 2020 s l 27.160 tn. Trong :
- Sn lng nui nc ngt trong nm 2010 t 2.580 tn, tng ln 5.190 tn nm 2020,
sn lng chim ch yu l nui c ao, nui c rung trng v nui c mt nc ln. Sn
lng nui thy c sn n nm 2015 t 180 tn tng ln 330 tn (2020).
- Sn lng nui tm nc l (tm S v tm Chn trng) trong nm 2010 t
12.000 tn, tng ln 13.880 tn nm 2015 v n nm 2020 t 14.060 tn. Sn lng nui
tm TC v BTC chim khong 47% so vi tng sn lng NTTS.
- Sn lng nui c mn l v nui nhuyn th (s Huyt, hu) n 2020 ln lt l
2.420 tn v 3.370 tn.
- Sn lng nui c bin lng b trong nm 2010 t 1.310 tn tng ln 1.840 tn nm
2015 v t khong 2.120 tn vo nm 2020.
- Quy hoch sn lng cho cc loi hnh nui da vo nng sut nui bnh qun qua cc
nm, ma v nui, kh nng p dng khoa hc cng ngh mi vo sn sut, kinh nghim v
trnh k thut, din tch t hu dng
Bng 4. 6: Quy hoch sn lng NTTS tnh BR-VT n nm 2020 (vt: tn)
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
* Tng sn lng NTTS 19.880 25.000 27.160 4,69 1,67
1 Nui nc ngt 2.580 4.070 5.190 9,55 4,98
1.1 C 2.490 3.890 4.860 9,33 4,55
- C ao, h nh 840 1.650 2.360 14,46 7,42
- C rung trng 340 690 400 15,21 -10,33
- C mt nc ln 1.310 1.550 2.100 3,42 6,26
1.2 Thy c sn 90 180 330 14,87 12,89
2 Nui nc l mn 15.990 19.090 19.850 3,61 0,78
2.1 Tm nc l 12.000 13.880 14.060 2,95 0,26
* Tm S 7.430 6.940 6.120 -1,36 -2,48
- Tm TC 2.170 3.020 3.140 6,83 0,78
- Tm BTC 1.690 1.930 1.540 2,69 -4,41
- Tm QCCT 1.450 820 550 -10,77 -7,68
- Tm QC, Tm rng 2.120 1.170 890 -11,21 -5,32
* Tm Chn trng (TC) 4.570 6.940 7.940 8,71 2,73
2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) 2.750 2.970 2.420 1,55 -4,01
2.3 Nhuyn th 1.240 2.240 3.370 12,56 8,51
- S huyt 240 320 400 5,92 4,56
- Hu 1.000 1.920 2.970 13,94 9,12
3 Nui lng b trn bin 1.310 1.840 2.120 7,03 2,87
- C M 940 1.200 1.320 5,01 1,92
- C Gi 280 480 560 11,38 3,13
- C bin khc 90 160 240 12,20 8,45

83
 Nng sut tnh ton trong quy hoch da vo nng sut nui bnh qun qua nhiu
nm ca a phng v d bo kh nng p dng khoa hc, cng ngh tin tin trong
tng lai. Nng sut nui dao ng ln gia cc hnh thc nui v i tng nui. Di
y l nng sut nui ca mt s i tng ch lc:
- Nng sut nui c nc ngt ao h, rung trng: 6 7 tn/ha/nm;
- Nng sut nui c mt nc ln trn h cha khong 0,9 tn/ha/nm;
- Nng sut nui tm Cng xanh v thy c sn: 2,5 3,5 tn/ha/nm;
- Nng sut nui tm S TC v BTC: 3 5,5 tn/ha/nm;
- Nng sut nui tm S QCCT 1,2 tn/ha/nm;
- Nng sut nui tm Chn trng TC: 8 - 12 tn/ha/v;
- Nng sut nui c bin lng b khong 350 400 kg/ha/lng/nm.

4.6.4. Gi tr sn lng NTTS

- Gi tr sn lng (GTSL) NTTS (theo gi hin hnh) trong nm 2010 t 623,66
t ng, tng ln 1.471,06 t ng nm 2015 v n nm 2020 s l 1.834,51 t ng.
- GTSL nui nc ngt (theo gi hin hnh) trong nm 2010 t 29,56 t ng
tng ln 88,54 t ng vo nm 2015v n nm 2020 t 161,9 t ng, chim t trng
thp, khong 6,53% tng GTSL NTTS.
- GTSL tm nui (theo gi hin hnh) chim t trng rt cao khong 66,84% so
vi tng GTSL NTTS; trong nm 2010 gi tr ny t 433,86 t ng, tng ln 1.007,62
t ng nm 2015 v nm 2020 l 1.145,71 t ng. Trong , ng gp GTSL ca m
hnh nui tm TC, BTC chim bnh qun l 67,94% so vi GTSL tm nui.
- GTSL NTTS (theo gi c nh 1994) trong nm 2010 t 248,68 t ng, tng
ln 377,13 t ng nm 2015 v n nm 2020 l 429,91 t ng. Trong , GTSL ng
gp ca tm nc l chim khong 67,05% GTSL NTTS. Tc tng trng bnh qun
v GTSL NTTS (theo gi c nh) giai on 2011-2015 l 8,69%/nm v 2,65%/nm
trong giai on 2016-2020.
Bng 4. 7: Gi tr sn lng NTTS ca tnh BR-VT (vt: t ng)

84
 HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
I GTSL (gi hin hnh) 623,66 1.471,06 1.834,51 18,72 4,51
1 Nui nc ngt 29,56 88,54 161,90 24,53 12,83
- C 25,96 76,29 135,30 24,06 12,14
- Thy c sn 3,60 12,25 26,60 27,75 16,77
2 Nui nc l mn 534,96 1.223,32 1.462,01 17,99 3,63
- Tm nc l 433,86 1.007,62 1.145,71 18,36 2,60
- C nc l mn 82,50 148,50 181,50 12,47 4,10
- Nhuyn th 18,60 67,20 134,80 29,29 14,94
3 C bin 59,14 159,20 210,60 21,90 5,76
II GTSL (gi c nh 1994) 248,68 377,13 429,91 8,69 2,65
1 Nui nc ngt 13,54 25,79 39,01 13,75 8,63
- C 12,46 23,34 34,02 13,37 7,83
- Thy c sn 1,08 2,45 4,99 17,80 15,29
2 Nui nc l mn 210,70 306,06 333,94 7,75 1,76
- Tm nc l 172,74 253,28 277,42 7,95 1,84
- C nc l mn 33,00 41,58 36,30 4,73 -2,68
- Nhuyn th 4,96 11,20 20,22 17,69 12,54
3 C bin 24,45 45,28 56,96 13,12 4,70

85
4.6.5 Lao ng NTTS
Nhu cu lao ng NTTS trong c thi k t bin ng, trong 2010 khong 7.660
ngi, tng ln 8.910 ngi vo nm 2015 v n nm 2020 thu ht khong 8.200 ngi.
Lao ng nui nc ngt n nm 2020 thu ht 1.600 ngi; s lao ng nui trn bin
n nm 2020 cn khong 1.600 ngi.
Nhu cu lao ng nui mn l chim t l cao nht khong 69,29% so vi tng
nhu cu lao ng NTTS v c xu hng gim theo vic gim din tch nui sau nm
2015. Trong nm 2010 cn khong 5.990 ngi, tng ln 6.120 ngi v n nm 2020 s
l 5.000 ngi. Trong , lao ng nui tm TC v BTC chim 35,84% - 61,15% lao
ng nui mn l.
i vi hnh thc nui tm, c TC v BTC; nui c lng b, nui trai ly ngc cn
lao ng c chuyn mn k thut qua o to (k s/cao ng NTTS) tip cn v p
dng chn lc nhng quy trnh k thut mi, nhng cng ngh nui tin tin trn th gii.
n nm 2015 c 25 ha nui tm, c TC, BTC cn 01 lao ng k thut v n nm
2020, 01 lao ng k thut s qun l 20 ha. Nh vy, s lao ng chuyn mn k thut
cn p ng cho nui cp k thut cao n nm 2015 s cn 140 ngi v nhu cu ny s
l 200 ngi vo nm 2020. Nhu cu lao ng k thut cho m hnh nui c lng b v
nui trai ly ngc cn khong Error! Not a valid link. - Error! Not a valid link. ngi
n nm 2015 v 2020.
Tng ng vi nhu cu v lao ng chuyn mn k thut th n cc nm mc
2015, 2020 s lao ng tham gia trong b my qun l v nghin cu khoa hc ca tnh
s cn o to t 15 20 cn b c trnh sau i hc trong lnh vc ny.
Bng 4. 8: Quy hoch lao ng NTTS ca tnh BR-VT (vt: ngi)
Stt Danh mc 2010 2015 2020
* Lao ng NTTS 7.660 8.910 8.200
1 Nui nc ngt 960 1.330 1.600
2 Nui nc l mn 5.990 6.120 5.000
- Tm nc l 5.450 5.420 4.250
- C nc l mn (TC, BTC) 380 410 330
- Nhuyn th 160 290 420
3 Nui trn bin 710 1.460 1.600
- C bin v sinh vt cnh 660 920 1.060
- Trai ngc 50 540 540

86
4.6.6 Phn b cc ch tiu quy hoch n huyn th
(1) Thnh ph Vng Tu
Din tch NTTS TP.Vng Tu trong nm 2010 l 3.500 ha v c xu hng gim
dn n nm 2020 cn 2.060 ha. Din tch gim ch yu hnh thc nui tm S rng
v QCCT. S lng lng nui bin trong nm 2010 l Error! Not a valid link. lng v
n nh n nm 2020 l 4.000 lng.
n nm 2015, sn lng NTTS t 7.260 tn, tng ln 9.597 tn vo nm 2020.
Trong , sn lng nui tm nc l chim 55,25%, tng ng vi sn lng t c
5.122 tn vo nm 2020. Gi tr sn lng (theo gi hin hnh v gi c nh) n nm
2015 ln lt l 486,8 t ng v 120 t ng, n nm 2020 l 694,8 t ng v 162,1 t
ng.
n nm 2015, nhu cu lao ng phc v NTTS l 3.120 ngi v c xu hng
gim cn 2.900 ngi. Lao ng chim ch yu l lao ng tham gia nui tm TC-BTC.
B tr nui tm, c TC-BTC ch yu phng 12 v x Long Sn; nui c lng b
trn sng Ch V - Long Sn.

87
 Bng 4. 9: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS ca TP. Vng Tu n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 3.500 2.700 2.060 -5,06 -5,27
1.1 Tm nc l - 3.270 2.360 1.660 -6,31 -6,79
* Tm S - 3.270 2.260 1.460 -7,12 -8,37
- Tm TC - 150 150 150 0,00 0,00
- Tm BTC - 200 200 200 0,00 0,00
- Tm QCCT - 650 400 200 -9,25 -12,94
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 2.270 1.510 910 -7,83 -9,63
* Tm Chn trng (TC) - 0 100 200 14,87
1.2 Nhuyn th - 80 140 200 11,84 7,39
- S huyt - 30 40 50 5,92 4,56
- Hu - 50 100 150 14,87 8,45
1.3 Nui c lng b trn bin - 150 200 200 5,92 0,00
* S lng lng Lng 3.200 4.000 4.000 4,56 0,00
- C M - 2.300 2.700 2.700 3,26 0,00
- C Gi - 700 1.000 1.000 7,39 0,00
- C bin khc - 200 300 300 8,45 0,00
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 6.019 7.260 9.597 3,82 5,74
2.1 Nui nc l mn - 4.739 5.660 7.997 3,62 7,16
* Tm nc l - 3.664 3.740 5.122 0,41 6,49
- Tm S - 3.664 2.621 2.362 -6,48 -2,06
- Tm Chn trng - 0 1.119 2.760 19,79
* Nhuyn th - 1.075 1.920 2.875 12,30 8,41
2.2 C bin - 1.280 1.600 1.600 4,56 0,00
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 220,3 486,8 694,8 17,19 7,37
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 82,3 120,0 162,1 7,83 6,20
5 Lao ng Ngi 3.320 3.120 2.900 -1,23 -1,45

88
 (2) Th x B Ra
Quy hoch kinh t - x hi TX. B Ra s trin khai, thc hin sau nm 2015. V
vy, n nm 2020 s chuyn ton b din tch t NTTS sang pht trin th mi v
dch v.
Din tch NTTS ca TX.B Ra trong nm 2010 l 1.080 ha v n nm 2015 gim
cn 1.000 ha. Trong , din tch nui nc ngt n nm 2015 l 148 ha, din tch nui
l mn l 852 ha. Din tch nui tm cp k thut cao (TC v BTC) chim t l t 47,22
57% din tch NTTS.
Sn lng NTTS trong 2010 t 4.999 tn, tng ln 5.732 tn vo nm 2015.
Trong , sn lng nui tm nc l chim t trng cao t 73,74%, tng ng vi 4.364
tn. Sn lng nui c mn l n nm 2015 l 550 tn. GTSL theo gi hin hnh v gi
c nh n nm 2015 ln lt l 343,7 t ng v 89,7 t ng. Trong nm 2010 thu ht
c 1.400 lao ng tng ln 1.490 lao ng (2015). Lao ng chim ch yu l lao ng
tham gia nui tm TC v BTC.
B tr nui tm TC-BTC cc phng Long Hng, Kim Dinh v Long Ton.
Nui c nc ngt cc h cha trn a bn th x nh: h Bn , h Bin M; pht
trin nui c cc d n nui c nc ngt ti cnh ng Don x Ha Long v x Long
Phc.
Bng 4. 10: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS ca TX. B Ra n nm 2015
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 '11-'15
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 1.080 1.000 -1,53
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 60 148 19,79
- C ao, h nh - 10 56 41,14
- C rung trng - 10 52 39,06
- C mt nc ln - 40 40 0,00
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 1.020 852 -3,54
1.2.1 Tm nc l - 990 802 -4,12
* Tm S - 790 542 -7,26
- Tm TC - 110 110 0,00
- Tm BTC - 200 200 0,00
- Tm QCCT - 220 160 -6,17
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 260 72 -22,65
* Tm Chn trng (TC) - 200 260 5,39
1.2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 30 50 10,76
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 4.999 5.732 2,77
2.1 Nui nc ngt - 181 818 35,21
2.2 Nui nc l mn - 4.818 4.914 0,39
* Tm nc l - 4.488 4.364 -0,56
- Tm S - 1.718 1.454 -3,28
- Tm Chn trng - 2.770 2.909 0,99
* C nc l mn - 330 550 10,76
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 163,8 343,7 16,0
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 68,4 89,7 5,6
5 Lao ng Ngi 1.400 1.490 1,25

89
 (3) Huyn Long in
Din tch NTTS ca huyn Long in trong nm 2010 l 450 ha v c xu hng
gim n nm 2020 cn 395 ha. Din nui nui mn l chim t trng 83,54% din tch
NTTS.
Sn lng NTTS trong 2010 t 1.290 tn, tng ln 1.582 tn vo nm 2020.
Trong , sn lng nui tm nc l trong c thi k chim t trng trung bnh 91,77%,
tng ng vi 1.187 1.482 tn. GTSL theo gi hin hnh v gi c nh n nm 2015
ln lt l 83,1 t ng v 21,5 t ng, n nm 2020 l 121,6 t ng v 29,4 t ng.
Trong nm 2010 thu ht c 480 lao ng v khng c nhu cu tng thm n 2020.
Tch cc trin khai thc hin D n NTTS mn l ti x An Ngi (50 ha) v D n
h tng khu nui c nc ngt chuyn canh ti TT. Long in (40 ha). Nui nc l ch
yu l tm S x An Ngi v th trn Long in (nui tm S hnh thc TC v BTC).
B tr nui nc ngt cc x An Nht, Long in, Tam Phc vi cc i tng nui
nh: c R ng, c lc, c R phi n tnh, c Tr, Trm c v thy c sn (Ba ba,
ln, ch).

90
 Bng 4. 11: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Long in n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 450 395 395 -2,57 0,00
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 50 65 65 5,39 0,00
* C - 45 65 65 7,63 0,00
- C ao, h nh - 10 5 5 -12,94 0,00
- C rung trng - 5 0 0 -100,00
- C mt nc ln - 30 60 60 14,87 0,00
* Thy sn khc - 5 0 0 -100,00
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 400 330 330 -3,77 0,00
* Tm S - 350 260 260 -5,77 0,00
- Tm TC - 20 30 40 8,45 5,92
- Tm BTC - 20 30 40 8,45 5,92
- Tm QCCT - 170 100 100 -10,07 0,00
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 140 100 80 -6,51 -4,36
* Tm Chn trng (TC) - 50 70 70 6,96 0,00
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 1.290 1.276 1.582 -0,21 4,39
2.1 Nui nc ngt - 147 89 100 -9,55 2,36
2.2 Nui nc l mn - 1.143 1.187 1.482 0,77 4,53
- Tm s 450 404 516 -2,13 5,02
- Tm th chn trng - 693 783 966 2,49 4,28
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 40,8 83,1 121,6 15,27 7,92
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 17,0 21,5 29,4 4,82 6,45
5 Lao ng Ngi 480 450 480 -1,28 1,30

(4) Huyn Tn Thnh

Din tch NTTS ca huyn Tn Thnh trong nm 2010 khong 900 ha v ch
trng s khng tng n nm 2020. Trong , din tch nui nc ngt n nm 2020 l
400 ha v ch yu l nui c mt nc ln; din tch nui l mn trong nm 2010 khong
530 ha v c xu hng gim n nm 2020 cn 500 ha. Din tch nui TC v BTC (tm
S) b tr tng dn n nm 2020 ln lt l 90 ha v 100 ha. Din tch nui c l mn
nh: c chm, c m, chim trng b tr nui n nh mc 200 ha.
Sn lng NTTS trong 2010 t 3.456 tn, tng ln 4.305 tn (2020). Trong ,
sn lng nui mn l chim t trng cao khong 84,74%. GTSL (theo gi hin hnh v
gi c nh) n nm 2015 ln lt l 203,8 t ng v 52,9 t ng, n nm 2020 l
292,2 t ng v 62 t ng.
Lao ng trong nm 2010 thu ht c 880 ngi tng ln 1.040 ngi (2020).
Lao ng chim ch yu l lao ng tham gia nui tm, c TC v BTC.
B tr nui nc ngt truyn thng cc h Chu Pha, h en cc x Chu
Pha, Tc Tin, Sng Xoi; nui mn l tp trung ch yu cc x Phc Ha, Tn Phc
v Tn Ha.

91
 Bng 4. 12: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Tn Thnh n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 900 900 900 0,00 0,00
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 370 390 400 1,06 0,51
* C - 370 370 370 0,00 0,00
- C ao, h nh - 30 30 30 0,00 0,00
- C mt nc ln - 340 340 340 0,00 0,00
* Thy c sn - 0 20 30 8,45
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 530 510 500 -0,77 -0,40
* Tm nc l (tm S) - 320 290 270 -1,95 -1,42
- Tm TC - 30 70 90 18,47 5,15
- Tm BTC - 60 100 100 10,76 0,00
- Tm QCCT - 120 120 80 0,00 -7,79
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 110 0 0 -100,00
* C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 200 200 200 0,00 0,00
* Nhuyn th (Hu) - 10 20 30 14,87 8,45
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 3.456 3.925 4.305 2,58 1,86
2.1 Nui nc ngt - 516 586 685 2,58 3,17
2.2 Nui nc l mn - 2.940 3.339 3.620 2,58 1,63
- Tm nc l ( tm S) - 575 819 925 7,34 2,45
- C nc l mn - 2.200 2.200 2.200 0,00 0,00
- Nhuyn th (Hu) - 165 320 495 14,17 9,12
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 96,7 203,8 292,2 16,07 7,47
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 38,2 52,9 62,0 6,74 3,22
5 Lao ng Ngi 880 1.010 1.040 2,79 0,59

(5) Huyn t
Din tch NTTS ca huyn t trong nm 2010 l 520 ha, tng ln 745 ha
(2015) v din tch n nm 2020 l 950 ha. Trong , din tch nui nc ngt n nm
2020 l 290 ha v ch yu l nui c mt nc ln; din tch nui l mn trong nm 2010
khong 280 ha v tng ln 660 ha nm 2020. Din tch tng ch yu l din tch khu nui
tm TC 326 ha Lc An a vo nui n nm 2020.
Sn lng NTTS trong 2010 t 1.464 tn, tng ln 4.624 tn vo nm 2020.
Trong , sn lng nui tm S v tm th Chn trng chim t trng cao khong
74,85%, tng ng vi sn lng t 2.061 3.564 tn. GTSL theo gi hin hnh v gi
c nh n nm 2020 ln lt l 319,5 t ng v 77,3 t ng. n nm 2020 thu ht
1.150 ngi tham gia lao ng NTTS, ch yu l lao ng nui tm S, tm th Chn
trng TC.
Tin hnh u t xy dng D n Tri thc nghim NTTS thuc Trung tm khuyn
nng khuyn ng (3,2 ha); B tr nui nc ngt nh: c lc, r phi, m, trm, chp
cc h Sui Mn, h L , ti cc x Phc Hi, Lng Di, Phc Hi, Lc An, Long
M, Long Tn; nui tm S, tm th Chn trng ti cc x Lc An v Lng Di.

92
 Bng 4. 13: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn t n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 520 745 950 7,46 4,98
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 240 265 290 2,00 1,82
* C - 230 265 290 2,87 1,82
- C ao, h nh - 20 45 60 17,61 5,92
- C rung trng - 30 40 50 5,92 4,56
- C mt nc ln - 180 180 180 0,00 0,00
* Thy sn khc - 10 0 0 -100,00
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 280 480 660 11,38 6,58
* Tm S 250 390 505 9,30 5,30
- Tm TC - 60 170 220 23,16 5,29
- Tm QCCT 90 70 50 -4,90 -6,51
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) 100 150 235 8,45 9,39
* Tm Chn trng (TC) 30 90 155 24,57 11,49
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 1.464 2.838 4.624 14,16 10,25
2.1 Nui nc ngt - 552 777 1.060 7,08 6,41
2.2 Nui nc l mn - 912 2.061 3.564 17,72 11,57
- Tm S - 496 1.054 1.425 16,27 6,21
- Tm Chn trng (TC) 416 1.007 2.139 19,37 16,26
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 39,1 166,3 319,5 33,56 13,95
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 16,0 42,4 77,3 21,50 12,77
5 Lao ng Ngi 500 870 1.150 11,71 5,74

(6) Huyn Xuyn Mc

Din tch NTTS ca huyn Xuyn Mc trong nm 2010 t khong 738 ha v n
nm 2020 tng ln 850 ha. Trong , din tch nui nc ngt n nm 2020 l 270 ha v
ch yu l nui c mt nc ln; din tch nui l mn trong nm 2010 t khong 463 ha
v c xu hng tng nh n nm 2020 l 510 ha.
Sn lng NTTS trong 2010 t 1.689 tn, tng ln 3.920 tn vo nm 2020.
Trong , sn lng nui tm nc l chim t trng cao t 75,5 77,4%, tng ng vi
sn lng t 1.707 2.960 tn. GTSL theo gi hin hnh v gi c nh n nm 2020 ln
lt l 107,6 t ng v 54,4 t ng. n nm 2020 thu ht 1.000 ngi tham gia lao
ng NTTS, trong ch yu l lao ng nui tm nc l.
B tr nui tm nc l ch yu Phc Thun (nui tm TC, BTC) v Bnh Chu
nui tm QCCT, tm sinh thi. Nui c nc ngt TT. Phc Bu v cc x Phc
Tn, Xuyn Mc, Bng Trang, Ha Hi, Bng Ring, Ha Hip, Ha Bnh, Tn Lm,
Ha Hng, Bu Lm, Phc Thun, Bnh Chu.
Khn trng trin khai, thc hin D n khu nui tm cng nghip Bu Snh A
(89,2 ha) v Bu Snh B (79,6 ha) trn a bn huyn Xuyn Mc.

93
 Bng 4. 14: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Xuyn Mc n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTTS Ha 738 750 850 0,32 2,53
1.1 Nui nc ngt - 275 280 340 0,36 3,96
* C 270 270 320 0,00 3,46
- C ao, h nh 0 0 50
- C mt nc ln - 270 270 270 0,00 0,00
* Thy c sn - 5 10 20 14,87 14,87
1.2 Nui nc l mn - 463 470 510 0,30 1,65
1.2.1 Tm nc l - 443 450 490 0,31 1,72
* Tm S - 393 350 340 -2,29 -0,58
- Tm TC - 20 40 70 14,87 11,84
- Tm BTC - 30 50 100 10,76 14,87
- Tm QCCT - 195 150 120 -5,11 -4,36
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) - 148 110 50 -5,76 -14,59
* Tm Chn trng (TC) - 50 100 150 14,87 8,45
1.2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) - 20 20 20 0,00 0,00
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 1.689 2.205 3.920 5,48 12,20
2.1 Nui nc ngt - 261 278 740 1,31 21,63
2.2 Nui nc l mn - 1.428 1.927 3.180 6,18 10,54
* Tm nc l - 1.208 1.707 2.960 7,16 11,64
- Tm S - 516 588 890 2,66 8,64
- Tm Chn trng - 693 1.119 2.070 10,07 13,09
* C nc l mn - 220 220 220 0,00 0,00
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 52,1 65,8 107,6 4,77 10,34
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 21,9 33,2 54,4 8,70 10,42
5 Lao ng Ngi 670 760 1.000 2,55 5,64

(7) Huyn Chu c

Din tch nui nc ngt ca huyn Chu c trong nm 2010 t khong Error!
Not a valid link. ha tng ln 1.445 ha. Trong , trong nm 2010 din tch ch yu l
nui c mt nc ln l Error! Not a valid link. ha, din tch nui c ao h l Error!
Not a valid link. ha v nui thy c sn l 10 ha. n nm 2020 din tch nui c mt
nc ln trn cc h thy li l 1.250 ha, din tch nui c ao h l 150 ha v nui thy
c sn l 45 ha .
Sn lng nui nc ngt n nm 2015 t 1.517 tn, tng ln 2.608 tn vo nm
2020. Trong , sn lng c chim ch yu n nm 2020 l 2.450 tn. GTSL theo gi
hin hnh v gi c nh n nm 2020 ln lt l 79,9 t ng v 19,5 t ng. n nm
2020 thu ht 870 ngi tham gia lao ng nui nc ngt.
B tr nui cc x Kim Long, Sui Ngh, Sui Rao, Bc, Qung Thnh, Ngha
Thnh, Bnh Trung, Lng Ln, Sn Bnh. Cc i tng nui ch yu l m, r phi n
tnh, tri, trm, tai tng; nui thy c sn (c chnh, ln, ba ba, ch). Nui trong ao
h nh, mng vn; nui c mt nc ln trong h cha thy li.

94
 Bng 4. 15: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Chu c n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch NTS (nc ngt ) Ha 660 950 1.445 7,56 8,75
* C - 650 930 1.400 7,43 8,52
- C ao, h nh - 50 100 150 14,87 8,45
- C mt nc ln - 600 830 1.250 6,71 8,53
* Thy c sn - 10 20 45 14,87 17,61
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 925 1.517 2.608 10,40 11,44
- C - 890 1.447 2.450 10,21 11,11
- Thy c sn - 35 70 158 14,87 17,61
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 10,5 32,3 79,9 25,26 19,88
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 4,9 9,7 19,5 14,69 15,09
5 Lao ng Ngi 380 570 870 8,45 8,83

(8) Huyn Cn o
Din tch mt nc nui trn bin n 2015 l 240 ha, tng ln 400 ha (2020).
Trong , n nm 2020 din tch nui trai ngc l 100 ha, nui c bin v sinh vt cnh
l 300 ha. S lng lng b nui ca huyn Cn o trong nm 2010 khong 90 lng,
tng ln 1.300 lng vo nm 2020.
Sn lng nui lng b trong 2010 t 36 tn, tng ln 520 tn vo nm 2020.
GTSL theo gi hin hnh v gi c nh (cha tnh gi tr ngc trai) n nm 2020 ln
lt l 50,4 t ng v 13,7 t ng.
B tr nui c lng b (c Gi, c M, c bin khc), nui sinh vt cnh khu vc
vnh Bn m, vnh ng Bc; nui trai ly ngc khu vc vnh Cn Sn.
Bng 4. 16: Quy hoch cc ch tiu NTTS huyn Cn o n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch TTBQ (%)
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020 '11-'15 '16-'20
1 Din tch nui trn bin Ha 4 240 400 126,79 10,76
1.1 Trai ngc - 4 100 100 90,37 0,00
1.2 C bin v sinh vt cnh - 140 300 16,47
1.3 S lng b nui c bin Lng 90 600 1.300 46,14 16,72
- C M - 55 300 600 40,40 14,87
- C Gi - 0 200 400 14,87
- C bin khc - 35 100 300 23,36 24,57
2 Sn lng NTTS Tn 36 240 520 46,14 16,72
- C M - 22 120 240 40,40 14,87
- C Gi - 0 80 160 14,87
- C bin khc - 14 40 120 23,36 24,57
3 GTSL (gi hin hnh) T ng 1,6 20,4 50,4 66,97 19,83
4 GTSL (gi c nh '94) - 0,7 5,8 13,7 54,70 18,96
5 Lao ng Ngi 40 620 760 73,01 4,16

95
4.7. Quy hoch c s dch v v h tng c bn phc v NTTS
4.7.1. C s dch v phc v nui trng thy sn
4.7.1.1. Nhu cu con ging
Cn c vo mt th theo tng loi hnh nui, ma v nui trong nm tnh
nhu cu con ging phc v sn xut trong tnh n nm 2015 v 2020.
Theo , trong nm 2010 tng s lng ging phc v cho NTTS c tnh 576
triu con, tng ln 1.060 triu con nm 2015 v n nm 2020 cn khong 1.209 triu
con.
i vi mt s ging loi thy sn nh: tm Chn Trng, c bin, c nc ngt v
tm Cng Xanh cn nhu cu ging rt ln so vi kh nng p ng ca cc c s sn xut
ging hin ti trong tnh. Nh vy ngoi vic u t xy dng tri sn xut ging trong
giai on ti th cn phi c k hoch nhp ging ngoi tnh phc v ngh nui trong
tnh. Tuy nhin, khi nhp ging cn c s kim sot cht ch ca c quan chc nng
trnh ly lan dch bnh v cc ri ro khc.
i vi nng lc sn xut ging tm S, cc tri ging trong tnh p ng vt
nhu cu con ging th nui trong tnh. Tuy nhin, do sn xut hng lot, cht lng con
ging hu ht cha m bo m nguyn nhn ch yu l cht lng mi trng nc nui
cha t, c bit cha c thng hiu n tng nn a phn khng thu ht c cc
ngi nui tm S TC BSCL. Trong thi k ti cn quy hoch chi tit tri sn xut
ging tm bin nhm p ng tt nhu cu tm ging cht lng cao.
Nhu cu ging nui nc ngt trong nm 2010 cn 76 triu con, tng ln 124 triu
con nm 2015 v n nm 2020 cn 115 triu con. Nhu cu ging c nc mn l trong
nm 2015 cn 8 triu con v 7 triu con vo nm 2020. Nhu cu ging c nc ngt v c
mn l n nm 2020 gim so vi nm 2015 l do din tch NTTS ca TX. B Ra sau
nm 2015 khng a vo quy hoch.
Nhu cu ging tm nui nc mn l trong nm 2010 l 486 triu con, n nm
2015 l 919 triu con v n 2020 l 1.077 triu con. Nhu cu ging tm tng trong sut
thi k l do u t pht trin nui tm theo hnh thc thm canh nng sut cao.
Bng 4. 17: Nhu cu ging phc v NTTS (tnh theo nm) n nm 2020 (triu con)
HT Quy hoch
Stt Danh mc
2010 2015 2020
* Tng nhu cu con ging 576 1.060 1.209
1 Nui nc ngt 76 124 115
- C 70 107 91
- Tm Cng xanh 3 5 6
- Thy c sn 3 12 18
2 Nui nc l mn 494 927 1.083
2.1 Tm nc l 486 919 1.077
- Tm S 454 615 645
- Tm Chn trng (TC) 32 304 432
2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) 8 8 7
3 Nui lng b trn bin 6,4 8,9 10,5
* C bin 5,8 8,0 9,2
- C M 4,7 6,0 6,6
- C Gi 0,7 1,2 1,4
- C bin khc 0,4 0,8 1,2
* Trai ngc 0,6 0,9 1,3

96
 n nm 2015, s lng tri sn xut ging vn l 180 tri, nhng thay i c cu
s lng tri ging theo i tng. Trong , sn xut ging tm nc l l 161 tri, sn
xut ging c l 14 tri v sn xut thy c sn l 5 tri. Sn lng ging tm S l
1.800 triu con, kh nng p ng trn 100%; sn lng ging tm Chn Trng l 220
triu con, kh nng p ng trn 72,4%; sn lng ging c bin l Error! Not a valid
link. triu con, kh nng p ng l 52,5%; sn lng ging c nc ngt l Error! Not
a valid link. triu con, kh nng p ng 32,6%. Din tch dnh cho cc tri sn xut
ging l 62 ha.
n nm 2020, s lng tri sn xut ging n nh l 180 tri. Trong , sn xut
ging tm nc l l 150 tri, sn xut ging c l Error! Not a valid link. tri v sn
xut thy c sn l Error! Not a valid link. tri. Sn lng ging tm S l 1.800 triu
con, kh nng p ng trn 100%; sn lng ging tm Chn Trng l 900 triu con, kh
nng p ng trn 100%; sn lng ging c bin l 7 triu con, kh nng p ng l
76,1%; sn lng ging c nc ngt l 50 triu con, kh nng p ng 55%. Din tch
dnh cho cc tri sn xut ging l 66 ha.
Sm hon thnh v a vo thc hin cc D n khu sn xut ging tp trung x
Phc Hi, huyn t (33,3 ha); D n khu sn xut ging tp trung x Phc Thun,
huyn Xuyn Mc (10,6 ha).
B tr tri sn xut ging tm, c bin tp trung huyn t v H Trm,
Phc Thun huyn Xuyn Mc. Tri sn xut ging c nc ngt v thy c sn tp
trung cc huyn t v Xuyn Mc.
Bng 4. 18: Quy hoch c s tri sn xut ging n nm 2020
HT Quy hoch
Stt Danh mc vt
2010 2015 2020
1 Tri sn xut ging Tri 180 180 180
1.1 Sn xut ging tm nc l - 171 161 150
- Tm S - 170 150 120
- Tm Chn trng - 1 11 30
1.2 Sn xut ging c - 7 14 20
- C nc ngt - 2 7 10
- C bin - 5 7 10
1.3 Thy c sn - 2 5 10
2 Sn lng ging Triu con 1.732 2.069 2.777
2.1 Ging tm nc l - 1.715 2.020 2.700
2.1.1 Tm S Triu con 1.700 1.800 1.800
- Kh nng p ng % 374,4 292,9 279,2
2.1.2 Tm Chn trng Triu con 15 220 900
- Kh nng p ng % 46,9 72,4 208,3
2.2 Ging c Triu con 12,5 39,2 57,0
2.2.1 C nc ngt Triu con 10 35 50
- Kh nng p ng % 14,2 32,6 55,0
2.2.2 C bin Triu con 2,5 4,2 7,0
- Kh nng p ng % 43,1 52,5 76,1
2.3 Thy c sn Triu con 4 10 20
- Kh nng p ng % 66,7 58,8 83,3
3 Din tch sn xut ging Ha 58 62 66
- Ging tm nc l - 51 48 45
- Ging c - 6 11 16
- Thy c sn - 1 3 5

97
4.7.1.2. Nhu cu thc n
- Thc n c tnh ton trong Quy hoh l thc n cng nghip dng vin, h s
chuyn i (FCR) ty thuc vo loi hnh v i tng nui. i vi nui c TC, BTC h
s ny dao ng t 1,6 - 2; i vi nui tm TC v BTC FCR dao ng t 1,2-1,4. Nhu
cu thc n c tnh cho 1 nm.
- Theo , nhu cu thc n tng theo sn lng nui cc nm 2010, 2015 v
2020. Nm 2010 c s dng khong 9.200 tn v nhu cu ny tng ln 17.520 tn nm
2015 v n nm 2020 l 20.260 tn (tng gp 2,2 ln so vi nm 2010).
- Nhu cu thc n tp trung ch yu cho tm nui TC, BTC chim khong 84,22%,
so vi tng lng thc n nui thy sn. Cc a phng trong tnh c nhu cu thc n
cng nghip cho NTTS cao nh: TP.Vng Tu, Xuyn Mc, TX. B Ra, Tn Thnh, t
.
Bng 4. 19: Nhu cu thc n phc v NTTS ca tnh n nm 2020 (vt: tn)
HT Quy hoch
TT Danh mc
2010 2015 2020
* Nhu cu thc n CN 9.200 17.520 20.260
1 Nui nc ngt 870 1.670 1.350
- C 830 1.600 1.270
- Tm Cng xanh 40 70 80
2 Nui nc l mn 8.330 15.850 18.910
* Tm S 8.000 12.710 14.450
- Tm TC 3.720 7.450 9.460
- Tm BTC 2.990 4.460 4.360
- Tm QCCT 1.290 800 630
* Tm Chn trng (TC) 330 3.140 4.460

98
4.7.2. xut u t c s h tng
(1) Thnh ph Vng Tu: Do khu vc gn th nn tng lai cc ngnh khc s
khai thc v c li th hn so vi NTTS. Hn na nc cc sng ang nhim mnh nn
NTTS cng gp nhiu kh khn, bt li. Nn vng ny khng u t thm h tng cho
NTTS.
(2) Th x B Ra: Tng t nh TP Vng Tu cc khu nui ca th x B Ra
khng u t thm h tng phc v NTTS. c bit l sng Th Vi nhim rt nghim
trng, cc ngnh cng nghip, th pht trin rt nhanh nn kh nng t cho NTTS s
phi chuyn i.
(3) Huyn Long in: Khu nui nc l x An Ngi: u t c s h tng (thy
li, giao thng, in) khu nui thnh khu nui thm canh hin i. Khu nui nc ngt
th trn Long in: u t d n c s h tng phc v vng nui nc ngt thm canh
hin i.
(4) Huyn Tn Thnh: Cc khu nui nc mn u b nhim nng, t cho thy
sn khng c u tin bng cc ngng kinh t khc. Do vy khng u t c s h tng
cho thy sn.
(5) Huyn t : Khu nui tm s x Lc An: Khu ny c u t c s h
tng hon chnh, in, giao thng thun li, c bit c h thng thy li hon thin c
th cung cp c nc mn v nc ngt to ra nc c mn theo mun NTTS.
Khng cn u t thm c s h tng cho NTTS.
Khu nui nc ngt vng Len cn u t mt ng tri dm trn b knh thy
li, u t tuyn in h th dc knh. u t h thng cp thot nc ni vng. Cn c
d n u t h tng phc v nui vng Len.
(6) Huyn Xuyn Mc: Khu nui tm nc mn thm canh ven sng Ray 46 ha x
Phc Thun: u t nng cp mt ng cc tuyn giao thng trong khu nui nc
mn. Khu nui tm 40 ha gn th trn Phc Bu thuc x Phc Thun: Khu ny cn c
d n u t cng trnh thy li lm nhim v tr mn vo ma ma v cung cp nc
ngt gim mn vo ma kh.
(7) Huyn Chu c: u t c s h tng cho cc x trong vng nui ao, h tp
trung.
4.8. Nhu cu vn u t
Vn u t cho cc hot ng NTTS ca tnh bao gm cc dng sau:
- Vn xy dng v nng cp h thng cng trnh ao, lng b NTTS.
- Vn u t xy dng v nng cp cc tri sn xut ging thy sn.
- Vn cho cc hot ng khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc.
- Vn xy dng cc d n kh thi.
- Vn lu ng phc v sn xut.
4.8.1. Vn tu sa, nng cp v u t xy dng mi cng trnh ao nui
Trong thi k quy hoch c tnh khu hao u t xy dng h thng cng trnh
nui nh: h thng ao nui, ao lng, ao x l nc thi, lng b, h thng mng cp
thot...

99
 nh k trong 5 nm nng cp v tu sa 2 ln (b ao; mng; cng bng; my
mc thit b h tr sn xut,).
Nhu cu vn u t ph v h thng cng trnh nui d kin nm 2010 l 165.770
triu ng, tng ln 358.020 triu ng giai on 2011- 2015 v cn 385.390 triu ng
trong giai on 2016-2020. Trong , vn u t nui tm chim t trng cao 72,73% so
vi tng ngun vn.
Bng 4. 20: Vn u t XD mi v nng cp h thng cng trnh nui (triu ng)
Nm Giai on
TT Danh mc
2010 2011-2015 2016-2020
* Vn u t, nng cp 165.770 358.020 385.390
1 Nui nc ngt 8.440 18.370 18.780
1.1 C 7.080 13.270 11.580
- C ao, h nh 1.800 3.920 3.200
- C rung trng 900 3.510 2.700
- C mt nc ln 4.380 5.840 5.680
1.2 Tm Cng xanh 680 1.500 1.800
1.3 Thy c sn 680 3.600 5.400
2 Nui nc l mn 134.330 290.750 308.410
2.1 Tm nc l 118.130 262.850 283.360
* Tm S 116.130 234.350 242.860
- Tm TC 32.300 91.200 115.800
- Tm BTC 36.600 81.900 80.100
- Tm QCCT 25.880 40.000 31.500
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) 21.350 21.250 15.460
* Tm Chn trng (TC) 2.000 28.500 40.500
2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) 15.000 24.300 19.800
2.3 Nhuyn th 1.200 3.600 5.250
- S huyt 300 600 750
- Hu 900 3.000 4.500
3 Nui lng b trn bin 23.000 48.900 58.200
3.1 C bin 19.500 41.400 47.700
- C M 13.980 27.000 29.700
- C Gi 4.200 10.800 12.600
- C bin khc 1.320 3.600 5.400
3.2 Trai ngc 3.500 7.500 10.500

100
4.8.2. Vn khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc
- Nhu cu vn phc v khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc bao gm kinh ph
t chc cc lp tp hun, hi tho, tham quan, pht thanh trn i, ti vi; xy dng cc m
hnh trnh din, o to bi dng ngun nhn lc
- Vn NCKH dnh cho nghin cu ng dng cc ti, chuyn khoa hc-cng
ngh cp tnh v iu tra v b tr th nghim thuc lnh vc NTTS.
- Nhu cu vn khuyn ng c tnh da trn s lao ng chuyn tham gia NTTS
ca tnh; nng lc ph bin chuyn giao v nghin cu khoa hc v lnh vc NTTS ca
tnh. D kin nm 2010 vn u t hot ng khuyn ng v hot ng NCKH (nghin
cu khoa hc) l 8.298 triu ng v ngun vn ny ngn sch s u t 19.270 triu
ng vo nm 2020.
Bng 4. 21: Nhu cu vn khuyn ng v nghin cu khoa hc (vt: triu ng)
Nm Quy hoch
TT Danh mc
2010 2011-2015 2016-2020
1 Vn khuyn ng 4.973 10.741 11.562
- Nui nc ngt 253 551 563
- Nui nc l mn 4.030 8.723 9.252
- Nui lng b trn bin 690 1.467 1.746
2 Vn nghin cu khoa hc 3.315 7.160 7.708
- Nui nc ngt 169 367 376
- Nui nc l mn 2.687 5.815 6.168
- Nui lng b trn bin 460 978 1.164
Tng 8.289 17.901 19.270

101
4.8.3. Vn xy dng cc D n u t
Vn u t cc d n trong lnh vc NTTS c kt chuyn t cc D n trc
xut vo giai u (2010-2015) ca quy hoch, nhm c k hoch u t kp thi, dt
im. ng thi cng xut mt s D n cn thc hin trong giai on 2011-2015
thc y pht trin ng b trong lnh vc NTTS.
Bng 4. 22: Vn xy dng cc D n u t (vt: triu ng)
Stt Danh mc Qui m Vn u t Ngun vn Giai on
1 D n khu nui tm cng nghip Bu 89,2 ha 14.265 Ngn sch 2010-2015
Snh A, huyn Xuyn Mc
2 D n khu nui tm cng nghip Bu 79,6 ha 12.162 " 2010-2015
Snh B, huyn Xuyn Mc
3 Tri thc nghim nui thy sn nc 3,2 ha 5.445 " 2010-2016
ngt, huyn t
4 D n khu sn xut ging tp trung x 33,3 ha 31.036 " 2010-2015
Phc Hi, huyn t
5 D n khu sn xut ging tp trung x 10,6 ha 5.525 " 2010-2015
Phc Thun, huyn Xuyn Mc
6 D n HTKT khu NTTS nc ngt 40 ha 10.000 " 2010-2015
th trn Long in
7 D n HTKT khu NTTS nc mn 50 ha 4.800 " 2010-2015
ti x An Ngi- th trn Long in
8 D n NTTS nc mn theo hng 70 ha 11.200 " 2010-2015
nui TC, Kim Dinh, TX B Ra
9 D n khu nui c nc ngt cnh 52 ha 13.047 " 2010-2015
ng Don, x Ha Long, TX B Ra
10 D n h tng khu nui c nc ngt 56 ha 17.542 " 2010-2015
x Long Phc, TX B Ra
11 D n: nh gi tnh n nh v bn Ton tnh 400 " 2011-2015
vng ca cc hot ng thy sn trn
a bn tnh.
12 nh gi tnh hnh s dng thuc, ha Ton tnh 300 " 2011-2015
cht trong lnh vc NTTS ca tnh
giai on 2005-2010
13 Cc D n: Quy hoch cc sn phm Ton tnh 600 " 2011-2015
ch yu trn a bn tnh BRVT: tm
S, tm Chn trng, c bin.
Tng 126.322

4.8.4. Vn lu ng phc v sn xut

Bao gm cc chi ph bin i trong mt nm hot ng sn xut NTTS (ging,
thc n, thuc TYTS, thc n, thu qun l chm sc, thu, nng lng,....). Vn lu
ng c tnh ti cc nm mc 2015 v 2020 trong k quy hoch.
Tng nhu cu vn lu ng d kin nm 2010 l 364.060 triu ng, tng ln
422.630 triu ng nm 2015 v n nm 2020 cn 462.520 triu ng. Trong , nhu
cu vn lu ng cho nui tm nc l chim 78,4% so vi tng nhu cu vn lu ng.

102
 Bng 4. 23: Nhu cu vn lu ng phc v NTTS ca tnh (vt: triu ng)
Nm n nm
TT Danh mc
2010 2015 2020
* Vn lu ng (chi ph bin i) 364.060 422.630 462.520
1 Nui nc ngt 13.920 23.330 23.090
1.1 C 12.120 17.880 15.290
- C ao, h nh 4.320 7.060 5.760
- C rung trng 1.890 4.910 3.780
- C mt nc ln 5.910 5.910 5.750
1.2 Tm Cng xanh 750 1.250 1.500
1.3 Thy c sn 1.050 4.200 6.300
2 Nui nc l mn 314.230 349.000 379.930
2.1 Tm nc l 273.550 300.560 333.310
* Tm S 269.050 257.810 272.560
- Tm TC 59.850 119.700 151.990
- Tm BTC 48.040 71.660 70.090
- Tm QCCT 58.220 36.000 28.350
- Tm sinh thi (Tm rng) 102.940 30.450 22.130
* Tm Chn trng (TC) 4.500 42.750 60.750
2.2 C nc l mn (TC, BTC) 34.380 37.130 30.250
2.3 Nhuyn th 6.300 11.310 16.370
- S huyt 1.800 2.400 3.000
- Hu 4.500 8.910 13.370
3 Nui lng b trn bin 35.910 50.300 59.500
3.1 C bin 30.660 42.800 49.000
- C M 23.300 30.000 33.000
- C Gi 5.600 9.600 11.200
- C bin khc 1.760 3.200 4.800
3.2 Trai ngc 5.250 7.500 10.500

103
4.9. Hiu qu ca quy hoch
4.9.1. Hiu qu v kinh t
Tng sn lng NTTS trong nm 2010 t 19.880 tn, tng ln 25.000 tn vo nm
2015 v n nm 2020 t 27.160 tn. Trong :
- Sn lng nui nc ngt trong nm 2010 t 2.580 tn, tng ln 5.190 tn nm 2020,
sn lng chim ch yu l nui c ao, nui c rung trng v nui c mt nc ln. Sn
lng nui thy c sn n nm 2015 t 180 tn tng ln 330 tn (2020).
- Sn lng nui tm nc l (tm S v tm Chn trng) trong nm 2010 t
12.000 tn, tng ln 13.880 tn nm 2015 v n nm 2020 t 14.060 tn. Sn lng nui
tm TC v BTC chim khong 47% so vi tng sn lng NTTS.
- Sn lng nui c mn l v nui nhuyn th (s Huyt, hu) n 2020 ln lt l
2.420 tn v 3.370 tn.
- Sn lng nui c bin lng b trong nm 2010 t 1.310 tn tng ln 1.840 tn nm
2015 v t khong 2.120 tn vo nm 2020.
- Gi tr sn lng (gi hin hnh) n nm 2015 l 1.471,06 t ng, tng ln
1.834,51 t ng (2020). Gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) n nm 2015 l 377,13 t ng,
tng ln 429,91 t ng (2020). Tng gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) 5 nm giai on 2011
2015 l 1.607 t ng.
4.9.2. Hiu qu v x hi
Pht trin nui trng thy sn gp phn to vic lm, tng thm thu nhp, nng cao
mc sng cho ngi dn. c bit ch cc i tng l cc h ngho v gp phn gi
vng an ninh quc phng. n nm 2015 thu ht 8.910 ngi tham gia NTTS, s lao
ng ny gim nh theo din tch nui cn 8.200 ngi (2020).
4.9.3. Hiu qu v mi trng
Cc vng NTTS s c kim sot cht ch v nhim mi trng do p dng cc
qui trnh v cng ngh nui tin tin. Cc c quan lin ngnh tng cng kim tra, gim
st cht lng nc x thi t cc hot ng nh: cng nghip, nng nghip, sinh hot v
thy sn tr li mi trng trong sch.

104
 Phan th 5
CC GII PHP THC HIN QUY HOCH

5.1. Nhm gii php c ch, chnh sch

5.1.1. Tng cng nng lc th ch
- Xc nh v thit lp c s v khun kh php lut qun l s pht trin ngh
NTTS.
- Xc nh phm vi trch nhim trong cng tc qun l hot ng NTTS; xy dng
v quy chun ha h thng ch tiu hot ng v th tc qun l.
- Tng cng nng lc hnh chnh ca ngnh t tnh xung n thnh ph, th x,
huyn v phng, x. Cng c h thng qun l nhm phn cp v nng cao hiu lc
qun l ca cc cp. Tip tc kin ton h thng cn b theo di hot ng NTTS xung
n cp phng, x c hot ng NTTS vi nhim v theo di, thng k tnh hnh pht
trin sn xut, kinh doanh NTTS sn a phng, hng dn ngi lao ng thc hin
cc ch chnh sch ca ngnh, tnh; gip ngi tham gia hot ng ngh NTTS v
k thut, cng ngh sn xut.
- Tng cng nng lc lp v trin khai thc hin cc d n trong lnh vc NTTS
cho cn b chuyn trch cp tnh, cp huyn th.
- Nng cao nng lc h thng gim st, nh gi.
- Tiu chun ha ngh nghip i vi ngi lao ng trong ngh NTTS. u tin,
h tr v k thut, vn cho nhng ngi c chng ch qua o to v lnh vc ny.
5.1.2. V c ch chnh sch
- Thc hin vic giao t, mt nc, cho cc thnh phn kinh t s dng vo NTTS n
nh, lu di. Khi ht hn nu c nhu cu s dng tip th c giao s dng (khng vi
phm php lut trong khi s dng).
- Khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn u t pht trin nui trng thy sn trn bin
o, tip tc chuyn dch c cu vt nui v a dng ho loi hnh nui, i tng nui
trn c 03 vng nc bin, l, ngt. Trong tp trung vo nui trn bin cc loi c gi
tr kinh t cao ti Cn o, theo hng sn xut hng ho m bo hiu qu, ph hp
iu kin t nhin v p ng nhu cu th trng.
- Tip tc ci cch th tc hnh chnh nhm gim bt cc chi ph thi gian, tin bc
trong cc khu ng k kinh doanh, khc du, cp m s v k khai thu, cc th tc v
t ai, xy dng, nhp thit b,
- To u i u t v i x bnh ng gia cc doanh nghip trong nc v u
t nc ngoi, gia doanh nghip trong tnh v ngoi tnh. To mi trng u t thng
thong v n nh cc doanh nghip yn tm pht trin sn xut. Khuyn khch cc
doanh nghip nc ngoi gia tng xut khu thy sn.
- Khuyn khch mi thnh phn kinh t u t xy dng pht trin c s sn xut
kinh doanh cc ngnh ngh thy sn theo quy hoch pht trin NTTS ca tnh v c
hng chnh sch khuyn khch u i u t trn a bn tnh B Ra-Vng Tu theo quy
nh hin hnh.

105
 - Kp thi thc hin cc chnh sch h tr cho cc t chc c nhn tham gia hot
ng sn xut kinh doanh trong lnh vc thy sn theo quy nh ca nh nc v cc
chnh sch h tr khc theo quy nh hin hnh, ph hp vi iu kin pht trin trong
thi k mi v tnh hnh thc t ca tnh.
- Thc hin tt Quyt nh s: 126/2005/Q-TTg ngy 01/6/2005 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v mt s chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin nui trng thy hi sn trn bin v
hi o v Thng t s 06/2006/TT-BTS, B Thy sn ngy 13 thng 11 nm 2006 v vic
hng dn thc hin cc ni dung trong Q s 126/2005/Q-TTg; Ngh nh s
123/2006/N-CP; Q s 140/2006/Q-TTg.
- Vn dng, thc thi tt Ngh nh 61/2010/N-CP, ngy 04/06/2010 ca Chnh ph
v chnh sch khuyn khch doanh nghip u t vo nng nghip, nng thn.
5.1.3. Cc gii php chnh sch huy ng vn cho pht trin ngh NTTS
5.1.3.1. i vi ngun vn trong nc
* Ngun vn Trung ng:
- Ch ng chun b cc d n tranh th ngun vn TW h tr pht trin h
tng k thut ngh c nh: n pht trin ging thy sn theo quyt nh 2194/Q-
TTg, ngy 25/12/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph; Chng trnh pht trin nui trng;
Chng trnh bo v v pht trin ngun li thy sn; Chng trnh 242 pht trin xut
khu thy sn;... c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt u t pht trin h tng
ngh c ca tnh .
- Vn dng, thc thi Ngh nh 41/2010/N-CP, ngy 12/04/2010 ca Chnh ph
v chnh sch tn dng phc v pht trin nng nghip, nng thn.
* Ngun vn a phng:
- Ngn sch a phng s u tin tp trung thc hin cc n quy hoch, cc
d n u t h tng k thut cho pht trin nui trng, pht trin ging v cc d n u
t pht trin h tng ngh c.
- i vi cc h sn xut nhng loi ging mi, c gi tr kinh t s c u tin
h tr cc ngun vn vay tn chp.
- Vic vay vn sn xut t h thng ngn hng thng phc tp v th tc. Do , cc
doanh nghip cn phi u t theo chiu su, nng cp iu kin sn xut, nng cao uy tn
vi vi khch hng, to c cc hp ng giao hng chc chn chng minh nng lc
thc t vi cc ngn hng to thun li trong vay vn.
- c vn p ng cho nhu cu pht trin thy sn n nm 2015, cn phi
huy ng vn u t theo hng x hi ho, tn dng ti a ngun vn nhn ri trong dn
v cc loi tn dng u t pht trin.
5.1.3.2. i vi ngun vn nc ngoi
- Lin doanh, lin kt vi cc c nhn, t chc nc ngoi sn xut nhm thu
ht ngun vn u t.
- Thu ht vn u t nc ngoi (FDI) pht trin lnh vc nui trng v cc
ngun vn vay di hn, ngn hn ca Ngn hng Pht trin Chu (ADB), vn ODA v
vn ca cc t chc phi Chnh ph tp trung pht trin vo cc lnh vc c s h tng
k thut, o to ngun nhn lc, xo i, gim ngho... .

106
 Bng 5. 1: Tng ngun vn u t phc v NTTS (vt: triu ng)
Thi k
Stt Danh mc 2011 2011-2015 2016-2020
2010-2020
1 Tng ngun vn u t 223.059 530.243 436.660 1.189.961
- Vn u t xy dng mi v nng 165.770 358.020 385.390 909.180
cp cng trnh nui
- Vn u t xy dng tri sn xut 9.000 28.000 32.000 69.000
ging
- Vn hot ng khuyn ng v 8.289 17.901 19.270 45.459
nghin cu KH
- Vn u t xy dng D n 40.000 126.322 0 166.322
2 C cu ngun vn 223.059 530.243 436.660 1.189.961
- Vn ngn sch 48.289 144.223 19.270 211.781
- Vn t c 55.765 159.073 152.831 367.668
- Vn vay 89.223 185.585 152.831 427.639
- Thu ht u t nc ngoi (FDI) 29.782 41.362 111.728 182.872
3 T l ngun vn 100% 100% 100% 100%
- Vn ngn sch 21,65% 27,20% 4,41% 17,80%
- Vn t c 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 30,90%
- Vn vay 40,00% 35,00% 35,00% 35,94%
- u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) 13,35% 7,80% 25,59% 15,37%

Bng 5. 2: Tng ngun vn lu ng phc v NTTS (vt: triu ng)

Stt Danh mc 2010 2015 2020
1 Tng ngun vn lu ng 364.060 422.630 462.520
- Vn t c 91.015 126.789 161.882
- Vn vay 200.233 190.184 161.882
- Thu ht u t nc ngoi 72.812 105.658 138.756
2 T l ngun vn 100% 100% 100%
- Vn t c 25% 30% 35%
- Vn vay 55% 45% 35%
- u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) 20% 25% 30%

107
5.2. Nhm gii php v h tng v k thut phc v sn xut
5.2.1. Cc gii php v thy li phc v nui trng thy sn
5.2.1.1. u t thy li phc v NTTS cn ch cc vn
- m bo cung cp nc cho ao, mng nui thy sn v s lng v m bo
cht lng theo yu cu ca m hnh, i tng v cp k thut p dng sn xut.
- Mi khu vc nui cn c h thng cp thot nc ring bit, trnh nhim bn v
ly lan dch bnh.
- Tn dng cc knh rch t nhin sn c no vt, m rng ty theo yu cu cp
thot nc ca tng khu vc sn xut.
- Tu b h thng knh cp 1 v 2 cung cp nc cho cc knh ni vng. H thng
thy li phi c u t trc cc hng mc cng trnh nui.
- y nhanh tin thc hin cc d n u t h tng k thut phc v cho pht
trin nui trng t nay n nm 2015 ti cc vng nh: Phc Hi, An Ngi, khu vng
Len ( huyn t ); Bu snh A, Bu snh B (huyn Xuyn Mc); ... hnh thnh cc
vng nui cng nghip tp trung, m bo yu cu k thut, hn ch cc ri ro do tc
ng ca mi trng (thi tit, dch bnh); trang b cc thit b tin tin cho cc c s sn
xut ging v nui trng thu sn thng mi.
5.2.1.2. Cc gii php thc hin
- Ngun ti chnh u t h thng thy li phc v NTTS l vn ngn sch ca
tnh/Trung ng. i vi h thng knh ln, cp I v II; i vi knh cp 3, gn lin vi
ao, mng nui th vn ca ngi dn.
- Cc cng trnh thy li c thit k da trn vic tnh ton khoa hc v y
v nhu cu nc phc v cho NTTS trong cc d n nghin cu kh thi.
- u t h thng in phc v NTTS ti cc vng nui TC, BTC v Khu tri sn
xut ging tp trung trn a bn tnh.
5.2.2. Cc gii php v khoa hc cng ngh cho pht trin NTTS
- Du nhp cc thit b, cc i tng, cc qui trnh sn xut ging, qui trnh nui
tin tin cc nc c iu kin t nhin tng ng vi nc ta.
- Phi hp vi cc Trng, Vin nghin cu y mnh cng tc chuyn giao cc
qui trnh sn xut ging, qui trnh nui nghin cu thnh cng ca cc i tng c gi
tr kinh t.
- T chc ng k cc ti nghin cu v lnh vc NTTS (k thut, mi trng,
iu tra.) u tin cc hng nghin cu mi, c trin vng v c h tr bng ngun
vn ngn sch.
- y mnh cng tc nghin cu cc cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm nui trng
hu c, cc sn phm sch v cc h thng nui an ton mi trng - sinh thi. Chuyn
giao nhanh chng cc tin b khoa hc k thut cho sn xut.
5.3. Nhm gii php v pht trin ngun nhn lc v dch v
5.3.1. H thng khuyn ng
5.3.1.1. o to ngun nhn lc

108
 Tp trung o to ngun nhn lc c trnh khoa hc k thut, k nng, k lut
cao cho mi lnh vc ca ngnh:
- Tp trung o to cn b qun l ngnh thy sn gii kin thc chuyn mn, x
hi c th qun l ngnh pht trin bn vng trong thi k hi nhp.
- M rng phm vi o to cn b c trnh i hc trong cc lnh vc k thut
v cng ngh nui: Ng y, khuyn ng v pht trin nng thn. n nm 2015 c 25 ha
nui tm, c TC, BTC cn 01 lao ng k thut v n nm 2020, 01 lao ng k thut s
qun l 20 ha. Nh vy, s lao ng chuyn mn k thut cn p ng cho nui cp k
thut cao n nm 2015 s cn 150 ngi v nhu cu ny s l 200 ngi vo nm 2020.
Nhu cu lao ng k thut cho m hnh nui c lng b v nui trai ly ngc cn khong
Error! Not a valid link. - Error! Not a valid link. ngi n nm 2015 v 2020. Tng
ng vi nhu cu v lao ng chuyn mn k thut th n cc nm mc 2015, 2020 s lao
ng tham gia trong b my qun l v nghin cu khoa hc ca tnh s cn o to t 15
20 cn b c trnh sau i hc trong lnh vc ny. Nn tp trung o to ngun cn
b ny i Hc Cn Th, i hc Nng Lm-TP.HCM v H Nha Trang.
5.3.1.2. T chc hot ng
- Khuyn ng phi gn lin vi c s sn xut, thc nghim th hin c vai tr
truyn t, hun luyn k thut, hng dn v xut cc bin php thc hin v x l trong
qu trnh sn xut. Trin khai nghin cu, ng dng thc nghim, tng kt kinh nghim ca
nhng h sn xut in hnh.
- Thng xuyn t chc nhng cuc trao i, hi tho chuyn , ph bin thng tin,
tham quan cc m hnh sn xut c hiu qu, xy dng cc m hnh trnh din nhn rng.
Cng tc khuyn ng lun lun l cu ni gia thnh tu khoa hc k thut v ngi sn
xut.
- Thng qua cc tin b khoa hc k thut tc ng trc tip n sn xut v bng
kt qu sn xut kim chng v khng nh li thnh qu nghin cu khoa hc; b sung,
hon thin cc cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc v t ph bin v trin khai phm vi
rng hn.
5.3.2. o to ngun nhn lc phc v ngh c
- Thng qua t chc khuyn ng, nh k m cc lp bi dng ngn hn v k
thut v chuyn giao k thut cho ngi sn xut.
- T chc i tham quan nhng m hnh sn xut tin tin, c hiu qu. Gip ngi
dn hc hi v b sung kinh nghim trong thc t. Cc chuyn tham quan c trng im, c
ni dung, ch i su vo cc lnh vc, cc chuyn thit thc ngi tham d d dng
tip thu v ng dng.
- T chc cc lp hc, hi tho chuyn v tc ng ca mi trng v dch bnh
n sn xut, ngi dn nng cao thc bo v mi trng. Ngoi ra, cn c cc hot
ng tuyn truyn thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng v phn bit cc loi con
ging tt xu, cc thng tin v th trng, gi c ca cc mt hng thy sn cho ngi sn
xut.
- Chm lo cho i sng vt cht v tinh thn cho ngi lao ng nh nghin cu
v ci tin iu kin lm vic, n, v sinh hot cho lao ng, t chc cc hot ng giao
lu, gii tr, du lch, to s thoi mi tng nng sut lao ng.
5.3.3. Gii php ging

109
5.3.3.1. Ging phc v nui thng phm
- Cht lng: Tng cng cng tc kim tra kim sot ca cc c quan chc nng
trn a bn tnh v ngun ging nhp tnh. Nng cao nhn thc v cch phn bit cht
lng ging nui ca ngi sn xut thng qua cc hot ng khuyn ng.
- Xy dng cc h thng tri ging, thng qua khai thc, huy ng vn t cc
Chng trnh nui Q s 224/1999/Q-TTg, Chng trnh pht trin ging n nm
2010 ca B thy sn.
- La chn cc i tng c gi v cng ngh sn xut c cc c quan nghin
cu th nghim thnh cng v c nhu cu cao trn th trng c th tiu th d dng.

5.3.3.2. H thng tri ging

- a im xy dng: Quy hoch khoanh cc vng sn xut ging tp trung;
Tuy nhin a im c th phi c la chn ca cc cn b hoc c quan chuyn mn,
da trn cc yu cu v k thut ca i tng d kin sn xut.
- Cc c s sn xut ging phi ng k hot ng sn xut vi cc c quan chc
nng ca tnh thun tin cho vic theo di, kim tra, kim sot.
- i tng v cng ngh sn xut: i tng v cng ngh sn xut ph thuc rt
ln vo nhu cu th trng, kt qu nghin cu ca cc c quan khoa hc v thc tin sn
xut. La chn cc i tng v cng ngh sn xut c cc c quan nghin cu th
nghim thnh cng v c nhu cu cao trn th trng tiu th d dng.
- H thng x l nc thi: Xy dng h thng x l nc thi cho cc c s sn
xut ging theo qui nh ca S Ti Nguyn & Mi Trng tnh v cc tiu chun ngnh
ca B Thy sn c.
- Lao ng: Thng xuyn tham gia cc lp tp hun ca cc c quan chc nng
nm bt c k thut sn xut, thng tin v th trng, mi trng,.
- Thc hin tt Quyt nh s 2194/Q-TTg, ngy 25/12/2009 ca Th tng
Chnh ph V/v ph duyt n ging cy nng, lm nghip, ging vt nui v ging
thy sn n nm 2020.
5.3.4. Gii php v thc n, ha cht
5.3.4.1. Khi lng thc n
- Hin nay trn a bn tnh c rt nhiu loi thc n phc v NTTS c sn xut
trong nc v nhp khu t cc nc khc trong khu vc. Sn lng nhp tnh hng nm
tng i ln p ng cho nhu cu nui thy sn. Trong tng lai, ngh NTTS s pht
trin mnh hn, mc thm canh tng dn th nhu cu thc n phc v sn xut cng
tng theo. Khi lng thc n nhp khu, a bn nhp khu v gi c, s b chi phi
bi c ch th trng theo qui lut cung cu; tuy nhin cc ban ngnh chc nng ca tnh
c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic gim st cht lng thc n khi nhp vo tnh.

110
 - To iu kin thun li khuyn khch cc nh u t xy dng nh my ch bin
thc n thy sn c cht lng tt trn a bn tnh. c bit ch trong nhng hng sn
xut ln c thng hiu uy tn trn th trng u t (Cc hng CP, UP,...) hoc m cc
i l trn a bn tnh. S lng v chng loi cng nhiu s cng c nhiu s la chn
cho ngi sn xut.
5.3.4.2. Cht lng thc n v ha cht
- Qun l cht ch cc c s sn xut v cc ngun nhp vo tnh thc n a
vo sn xut m bo cht lng ghi trn nhn mc v khng qu hn s dng.
- Hng dn ngi dn phn bit cc chng loi, thnh phn c th la chn thc
n m bo cht lng thng qua cc lp hun, hi tho.
- C cc hnh thc x pht tha ng i vi cc c s cung cp cc loi thc n
khng m bo cht lng, gi mo cho ngi sn xut.
- Tn dng ngun c tp t khai thc thy sn nui c lng b trn bin; kim
sot nghim ngt hn ch lng thc n d tha nhm gim thiu nhim mi
trng.
- Thc hin tt cc vn bn quy nh ca B NN v PTNT v s dng ho cht,
thuc th y dng trong thy sn.
5.4. Nhm gii php v mi trng, ngun li pht trin NTTS
- Trong cc phng n quy hoch, vic pht trin nng lc cc hot ng thy sn
ch v hn ch x thi cc cht thi trc tip ra mi trng.
- Trong quy hoch pht trin NTTS, vn tc ng ca mi trng ln ngh nui
thy sn, cng nh nh hng ca ngh nui thy sn ln mi trng xung quanh l iu
bt buc cn phi xem xt, nh gi sn xut m bo tnh n nh, bn vng. Vic
bo v mi trng l mt trong nhng hot ng c u tin hng u.
- Xy dng h thng knh mng p ng y nhu cu cp nc cho qu
trnh sn xut. H thng cc knh cp 3 phi c thit k cp thot ring bit. Cc vng
nui tp trung, cc tri sn xut ging u phi c h thng ao, b lng lc trc khi a
vo sn xut v h thng x l nc thi trc khi x nc ra mi trng ngoi. p dng
cc qui trnh nui sch gim cc loi thuc v ha cht dng trong qu trnh sn xut.
- Thng xuyn theo di mi trng nc trong ao nui. Gim din tch s dng
thc n t to, khuyn khch s dng thc n cng nghip s hn ch c nhim mi
trng. Xy dng cc Trung tm quan trc u ngun nc cnh bo dch bnh v
mi trng, gip gim cc nguy c v ri ro trong sn xut.
- Tng cng cng tc kim dch con ging trc khi a t tnh ngoi vo v a
xung ao nui thng phm; kim nh cc loi thc n, thuc, ha cht cc c s kinh
doanh thc n v vt t thy sn.
- C cc bin php mnh x l cc h dn trong vng quy hoch khng tun
theo cc quy nh v hng dn ca cc cn b chuyn mn v cc ban ngnh c chc
nng. Cc d n thy sn u phi c nh gi tc ng mi trng ca cc c quan
chuyn ngnh, m bo tnh khoa hc, khch quan. Cn tip tc nghin cu, chuyn
giao v p dng th nghim cc bin php x l cht thi trong ao nui thy sn ca cc
nc c ngh NTTS tin tin trn th gii (Na uy, Thi lan,).
- Cn phi c s phi hp ng b ca cc ngnh Nng-Lm v Ng nghip. Hn
ch s dng thuc tr su, ha cht trong hot ng sn xut nng nghip.

111
5.5. Nhm gii php t chc sn xut v tiu th sn phm
5.5.1. T chc sn xut
- Khuyn khch pht trin nhanh v s lng kinh t trang tri trong cc vng nui
thy sn; gn kt cc doanh nghip ch bin thy sn xut khu vi cc vng nui thng
qua cc hp ng kinh t.
- T chc nui thy sn gn vi qun l cng ng, hnh thnh t hp tc nui
thy sn thng nht qun l mi trng, ngun nc, phn cng hp tc trong thu
hoch, bo qun, tiu th sn phm v h tr nhau v vn. Nng cao cht lng sn phm
vi vic thc hin quy trnh GAqP, CoC, SQF....; tuyn truyn thc hin khng s dng
cc ha cht khng sinh b cm trong nui trng thy sn, chng bm chch tp cht vo
nguyn liu thy sn.
5.5.2. Gii php QLCL v ATVSTP
- Khi gia nhp T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO), cc quc gia dng nn
nhng hng ro cn thng mi, k thut cao hn, vi nhng yu cu cht lng hng
thy sn kht khe v mc cnh tranh cng s cao hn. Vic qun l an ton v sinh
mt hng thy sn cn c thc hin trit ngay t khu sn xut nguyn liu, thay v
ch ch trng kim tra khu thnh phm nh trc y.
- Trc ht, cn phi t chc li sn xut theo hng p dng nhng qui trnh nui
sch theo tiu chun quc t (qui phm thc hnh nui tt (GAqP), qui tc nui c trch
nhim (CoC),...). Khi hng thy sn xut khu b pht hin km cht lng, nhim d
lng khng sinh, ha cht b cm th chng ta c th truy nguyn ngun gc, tm ra
nguyn nhn t khu no, khc phc kp thi.
- Tng cng hp tc quc t thc hin cc d n nh: ng dng GAP, SQF
trong nui thy sn, th nghim cc ch phm sinh hc phng, tr bnh cho tm, c,
o to k thut kim nghim khng sinh,...
- Cc doanh nghip cn u t i mi trang thit b ch bin, trong ch trng
trang b cc thit b kim tra cht lng sn phm.
- Nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc, tng cng ph bin kin thc v qun l
cht lng, h thng HACCP, ISO cho cc doanh nghip thng qua cc kha hc di hn
hoc cc t tp hun ngn hn.
- C cc bin php ch ti, x pht tht nghim khi pht hin c gian ln trong
cc khu t nui trng, khai thc n bo qun v ch bin sn phm (x pht ti
chnh, cm xut, nhp,....).
5.5.3. Gii php th trng tiu th sn phm
- Cn tch cc m rng th trng tiu th c ni a v xut khu. Pht trin th
trng trn c s a dng ha mt hng, nng cao cht lng, v sinh v h gi thnh sn
phm. Coi th trng Bc M, chu u, xtrylia v ng l nhng th trng trng
im. Bn cnh pht trin m rng ra cc th trng cn y tim nng nh mt s
nc chu Phi, cc nc Arp.
- Tng cng cc hot ng xc tin thng mi trc tip hoc gin tip, gi vng
khch hng hin c, tho g nhng kh khn vng mc trong quan h thng mi, nm
bt th hiu tiu dng, to iu kin tip cn trnh cng ngh tin tin v kinh nghim
qun l ca th gii.

112
 - Tip tc y mnh tiu th thy sn nui trng trn a bn tnh v th trng
min ng Nam B, trong trng tm l phc v cho ngnh ch bin xut khu v phc
v du lch vi cc sn phm nui trng c gi tr cao.
- Tch cc tham gia cc hi ch trin lm trong nc v quc t, nhanh chng xy
dng v qung b thng hiu doanh nghip trn cc knh thng tin. Ch ng phi hp
vi cc tham tn Vit Nam ti nc ngoi v Phng Thng mi - Cng nghip cc nc
nhm to s kt ni gia sn xut, phn phi v tiu dng.
- M rng h thng thng tin ca ngnh nhm cp nht nhanh chng thng tin v
th trng, gi c, mi doanh nghip cn thit k website ring vi ni dung phong ph,
trung thc v giao din p nhm to thun li trong giao dch mua, bn, m rng th
trng v to lng tin vi khch hng.
- Nh nc cn to iu kin v h tr pht trin cc cng trnh phc v thng
mi nh xy dng ch u mi thy sn ti nhng khu vc c ngun nguyn liu ln, cc
phng trng by hng thy sn v vn phng i din cc thnh ph ln nh Tp.HCM,
H Ni, Cn Th, Nng, Vng Tu, Nha Trang...
- Nng cao s hiu bit v lut php ca cc nc nhp khu, lut php quc t,
lu tr h s, s sch k ton v t liu cn thit y nhm phng, trnh v ng ph
tt nu xy ra cc tranh chp thng mi, kin co,
5.6. Gii php t chc trin khai v thc hin quy hoch
- Sau khi quy hoch tng th ca ngnh c UBND tnh thng qua, cn khn
trng tin hnh ph bin rng ri bn quy hoch ny cho tt c cc cp chnh quyn,
cng khai cc nh hng quy hoch. Ch o cc a phng r sot, b sung quy hoch
chi tit ca tng huyn th cho ph hp vi quy hoch chung.
- Tin hnh vic b tr sn xut cho tng vng trong NTTS.
- Khn trng xy dng cc d n kh thi chuyn tip v xut phn trn
p ng c yu cu v thi gian v t c cc mc tiu ra trong quy hoch.
- Cn c vo mc tiu ca quy hoch c duyt, theo chc nng ca cc n v
tin hnh lp k hoch hng nm v k hoch 5 nm.
- Cn kim tra, gim st vic thc hin quy hoch, nh k s kt, tng kt v kp
thi phn nh iu chnh quy hoch cho ph hp vi iu kin ca tng giai on pht
trin.

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114
 KT LUN V KIN NGH
1. Kt lun
Quy hoch pht trin NTTS tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2015 v nh hng
n nm 2020 l cn c php l a phng t chc, trin khai thc hin quy hoch,
lp k hoch pht trin sn xut cho hng nm. Bo co quy hoch ng thi l cn c
php l cng nh cung cp cc lun im, lun c v c s khoa hc cc nh u t
yn tm u t, m rng quy m pht trin NTTS trn a bn ton tnh.
Quy hoch xy dng 3 phng n (kch bn) pht trin n cc nm mc 2015 v
2020; c phn tch v la chn c phng n 2 tnh ton cc ch tiu pht
trin. Phng n 1 l PA d phng, phng n 3 l PA phn u.
Cc d n u t v h tng k thut xut c trin khai thc theo th t u
tin trong l trnh pht trin, s lm gim nguy c gy nhim mi trng, dch bnh t
cc hot ng nui.
Quy hoch c t chc, trin khai gim st thc hin tt s t c cc ch tiu
tnh ton trong cc nm mc 2015 v nm 2020:
- Din tch NTTS n nm 2015 l 7.680 ha v n nm 2020 l 7.000 ha. Trong
, din tch nui nc ngt nm 2015 l 2.098 ha, tng ln 2.540 ha (2020); din tch
nui mn l c xu hng gim t 5.142 ha (2015) xung cn 3.860 ha (2020); din tch
nui trn bin n nm 2015 l 440 ha, tng ln 600 ha (2020). S lng lng b nui c
bin n nm 2015 l 4.600 lng, tng ln 5.300 lng (2020).
- Sn lng NTTS n 2015 l 25.000 tn, tng ln 27.160 tn (2020); tc tng
trng bnh qun l 4,69%/nm trong giai on 2011 - 2015 v 1,67%/nm giai on
2016 - 2020. Tng sn lng 5 nm giai on 2011 2015 khong 115.000 tn.
- Gi tr sn lng (gi hin hnh) n nm 2015 l 1.471,06 t ng, tng ln
1.834,51 t ng (2020). Gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) n nm 2015 l 377,13 t ng,
tng ln 429,91 t ng (2020). Tng gi tr sn lng (gi c nh) 5 nm giai on 2011
2015 l 1.607 t ng.
- n nm 2015 thu ht 8.910 ngi tham gia NTTS, s lao ng ny gim nh
theo din tch nui cn 8.200 ngi (2020).
2. Kin ngh
Tip tc tng cng u t xy dng kt cu h tng h tr pht trin NTTS theo
hng cng nghip ha v hin i ha. Trong , c bit cn to c ch thng thong
thu ht u t vo cc d n trin thc hin nhng vng nui tp trung.
Khuyn khch v h tr hn na cho vic thc hin cc gii php lin kt 4 nh,
nhm gn kt cht ch gia sn xut nguyn liu v ch bin tiu th. Trong , cc c
quan chuyn ngnh ca tnh, chnh quyn a phng c nhim v l cu ni.
Cc ngn hng to iu kin thun li cho nng dn v doanh nghip vay vn vi
thi hn ph hp vi chu k sn xut v c hng cc ch u i theo cc qui nh
hin hnh.
Cc c quan qun l v cc vin, trng c lin quan tch cc h tr tnh thc hin
c hiu qu cc chng trnh ng dng k thut cng ngh cao vo sn xut.
Cng tc phi hp lin ngnh phi trin khai thc hin ngay sau khi quy hoch
c ph duyt, nh hng u t c hiu qu vo sn xut.
UBND tnh cn sm ph duyt quy hoch t chc sn xut v ng thi tin
hnh trin khai thc hin cc d n u t theo l trnh pht trin.

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 TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Bo co hin trng mi trng tnh BR Vng Tu cc nm 2006 2009 (S Ti

nguyn v Mi trng BR VT).
2. Bo co tng kt ngnh thy sn Tp. Vng Tu, Tx. B Ra v cc huyn Tn
Thnh, Chu c, Long in, t v Xuyn Mc, tnh B Ra Vng Tu cc
nm 2003 2008 (phng Nng nghip cc a phng).
3. B Cng Thng, 2008. Quy hoch hiu chnh pht trin in lc tnh BR-VT
giai on 2007-2010, c xt n 2015.
4. Cc bo co tng kt ngnh thy sn B Ra Vng Tu cc nm 2003 2009.
5. Chng trnh hnh ng thc hin Ngh quyt s 12- NQ/TU, ngy 02/8/2010 ca
Ban thng v tnh y v pht trin thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2015.
6. Cc Thng k tnh BR-VT, 2005, Nin gim thng k 2004.
7. Cc Thng k tnh BR-VT, 2009, Nin gim thng k 2008.
8. Ngh quyt i hi ng b ln th V, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi tnh B
Ra Vng Tu giai on 2011 2015.
9. Nin gim thng k cc huyn, th, Tp thuc Tnh.
10. Ngh c Vit Nam, t liu v s liu, thng 8/1999 ca B Thy sn.
11. Phn Vin Kinh T v Quy hoch thy sn, 04/2005: R sot v iu chnh quy
hoch tng th pht trin thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm 2010.
12. UBND huyn Chu c, 2008. Quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH huyn
Chu c thi k 2006 2015, nh hng n nm2020.
13. UBND huyn Long in, 2007. Chng trnh pht trin ngnh thy sn giai
on 2006 - 2010.
14. UBND huyn Long in, 2007. Quy hoch pht trin nng nghip huyn Long
in giai on 2006 2015 v tm nhn 2020.
15. UBND huyn Tn Thnh, 2006. Quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH huyn Tn
Thnh thi k 2006 2015, nh hng n nm 2020.
16. UBND huyn Xuyn Mc, 2009. Quy hoch thy li huyn Xuyn Mc n nm
2015 v nh hng n nm 2020.
17. UBND tnh BR VT, 2006. iu chnh Quy hoch pht trin ngnh cng nghip
trn a bn giai on n nm 2010, xt n 2020.
18. UBND tnh BR VT, 2009. Quy hoch tng th du lch tnh BR VT n nm
2020
19. UBND Tp. Vng Tu, 2005. Quy hoch tng th pht trin KT XH thnh ph
Vng tu n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm 2020.
20. UBND Tx. B Ra, 2009. Quy hoch tng th pht trin KT XH th x B Ra
thi k 2009 2020.

116