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04102117
04102082
LASER
&
2005
1.
2. Laser
3. Laser
4. Laser
.
.
.
. laser
.
5. Laser
.
.
.
.
. LASER
6. Laser
7.
- laser
.
8. ,
9. ,,
10. Laser
11. Laser
12.
13.
14. Laser
15.
16.
17. Laser()
18.
1.
" " :
,
.
.
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, ().
X .
..( neodymium) ,
, .
.
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. ,
.
Laser
. Laser
.
,
,
, (coherent light), ,
Laser .
Laser ,
.
,
.
Laser
!
.
,
( , computers
), .
,
,
, .
2. LASER
Laser
. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
.
Laser
1960. 43
,
Laser. Einstein 1917
,
.
. 1920 1950
,
Laser
Laser
.
, .
Laser
, , -
,
,
Laser .
1960 ,
Hughes Aircraft
Corporation
,
Laser.
.
Ruby (), 2cm
9mm,
,
. ,
,
, .
Laser ,
, ,
.
RUBY Laser ..
Ruby Laser
T.H.Maiman, 10
5000
Laser .
, , 500
.
Laser 1969 C.H.Townes
A.M.Prokhorov N.Basov
Nobel .
3. LASER
.
, , .
""
,
.
, .
,
.
, .
, ,
, .
Laser ,
LASER, , ,
LASER, ,
(100%) (90-98%) .
Laser ,
,
, .
()
, ,
LASER, , .
4. LASER
Ruby Laser T.H.Maiman,
.Javan , Laser
He-Ne. 1962
M.I.Nathan, R.N.Hall T.M.Quist
Laser .
Laser .
,
, ,
.
Laser .
Laser
.
30cm,
10m .
Laser
,
.
.
,
: , , .
)Laser
neodymium
.
.
.
.
10-15 SEC ,
.
,
, -.
(IR)
(UV)
- - ,
X
yttrium .
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. ( )
,
- .
.
,
.
. ,
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-
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. ,
(CW).
)Laser
.
.
,
50 .
,
.
CD players .
'90 .
,
CD
.
.
) Laser
)Laser
,
, 1977
.
,
.
.
5. LASER
Laser
,
:
Laser
.
, Laser
.
"" ,
.
mrads. Laser
1mrad,
Laser 1mm
.
Laser .
Laser
He-Ne 1mWatt
( 100 ).
Laser
.
,
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,
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.
. LASER
, ,
" " " ". , Laser
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.
Laser
.
Brewster, ( "
Brewster"), , , .
6. LASER
LASER, ,
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Laser.
7.
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Laser
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Laser
.
,
. Laser
.
laser
.
Laser 1950.
, Laser
.
(
),
.
.
.
laser
0,076 mm
(). ,
. -
laser,
.
laser 6 kW, 10
kW, .
laser
( ), , . -
,
laser, - ,
. , laser
, .
8. ,
Laser
.
.
'
. Laser
,
.
Laser
,
, .
, Laser
J.A. Hartford Foundation Laser Laboratory Cincinnati,
.
Laser ,
, ,
.
Laser
.
Laser. Laser ,
. '
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.
Laser
.
,
,
.
Laser ,
.
9. , ,
Laser
. Laser Ruby
25- 50 nsecs
secs. 200m/sec
, Laser Ruby
.
Laser
,
.
,
LASER, 1948 D. Gabor,
Nobel 1972 ' .
Laser , ,
.
0 LASER,
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Laser
.
LASER,
,
.
.
.
.
Laser
.
10. LASER
Laser
.
Laser
.
LASER,
(
,
),
, (
LASER).
,
,
.
,
,
LASER ...
11. LASER
LASER
, LASER
Radar,
- -
.
Nova
Nova,
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
Ronald Reagan
1983.
12.
LASER
. LASER,
,
. ,
100.000
LASER.
LASER 1cm
1000m.
, .
.
,
,
LASER,
LASER (
),
, .
LASER CO2 . LASER
-
, 10.5915m.
. .
CO2 LASER /10
LASER 85 MHz,
F.M.
.
F.M. F.M.,
.
LASER
.
,
.
16.
( ) LASER
.
,
, ( , ...),
.
.
13.
LASER
.
. D2O T2O
, LASER .
,
, .
LASER ,
:
.
. ,
= 0.6m
14. LASER
s.
,
:
-
.
IA-
" ,"
. 4,0 mW.
-
1
mW.
.
IIIA - -(CW: 1-5 mW),
intrabeam. pen-
like (laser pointers) .
IIIB - -.
IV - (CW: 500 mW, :
10 j/cm2. ),
( diffusely ),
.
IV
.
15. &
,
. ,
,
.
16.
LASER
,
,
.
LASER
. 20
T.H. Maiman Ruby LASER
,
.
17. LASER
( )
18.
1. www.howstuffworks.com
2. www.laserfantasy.com
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