evaporator

neraca massa
1 Kondisi umpan dan produk
kondisi umpan
F = 10889.97 kg/h 10889.97
M solute = 5474.47 kg/h
M solven (air) = 5415.5 kg/h
Xf = 0.5027075373

kondisiproduk
Li = 7665.94 kg/h 7665.94
M solute = 5474.47 kg/h
M solven (air) = 2191.47 kg/h
Xi = 0.7141289914 kg/h

V = M solven um- M solven prod = 3224.03 kg/h

konsentrasi larutan
stream x
feed 0.5027075373
effect 0.7141289914

2 Menentukan Boiling Point Rice (BPR)

BPR = 1.78Xi + 6.22Xi^2 geankoplis,1978
BPR = 4.44322655 C

3 Menentukan titik didih air

Pers. Anttoin
ln Pi = A - B/(Tbpi + C) P = kPa A =
Tbpi = B/(A-ln Pi) - C T=C B =
C =

*Nilai P awal ditebak dulu sebelum nantinya terkoreksi o/ perubahan luas n delta T
P = 361.4614164 kPa =

T bpi = 140.00 C hl
589.1
4 Menentukan suhu larutan di evaporator 2144
Tl = T bpi + BPR = 144.4440805821 C

5 Kondisi operasi pada evaporator

Xi Pi T bpi BPR Tl
0.7 361.4614163503 140.00 4.44322655 144.44408058
 6 Menentukan konstanta panas overall
Ui = 0.465* Tl/Xi = 959.5213924381 van der poel, 1998

Ti, delta T T feed 140

T steam 180 C
T solution 144.4440805821 C
dT 35.5559194179 C

Entalpi steam dan kondensat (Steam Table Vanness)

P, kPa Hliq, kJ/kg Hvap, kJ/kg Hlig, BTU/lb Hvap, BTU/lb
steam 453.15 763.1 2776.3 328.07 1193.59
effect 361.4614163503 589.1 2733.1 253.27 1175.02

suhu umpan masuk = 140 C 413

suhu referensi = 25 C 298

komponen k/jam A B C D
C6H12O6 108.3100347612 158.3004 -0.67925 0.005121 -9.54E-06
C6H14O6 5415.5017380579 166.392 -0.44906 0.00377 -6.54E-06
H2O 5366.1605 33.33759 -0.00288 0.116229 8.02E-09

parameter feed exchanger

X1 0.5027075373 0.7141289914
Tfeed, C 140 144.4440805821
H, kJ/kg 142819.293946
lamda S, kJ/kg 2013.2

LMTD = delta ta delta tb / ln (delta ta / delta tb)

LMTD = 37.7343538033

neraca energi
F.Cpf.(Tf-Tr) + S.lamda S - L.Cpl.(Tl-Tr)-V*Hfg=0
F.Cpf.(Tf-Tr) =

cara buku
menentukan Cp = 4.19-2.35Xi menentukan H =
Cpf = 3.0086372873 =
a F.Cpf.(Tf-Tr) = 3767856.527 S.lamda S b
Cpl = 2.5117968703
c L.Cpl.(Tl-Tr) = 2299929.705671
d V*H = 8838584.873287
c+d = 11138514.57896
c+d-a = 7370658.051959 b
S = b/lamda S = 3661.1653347698
Q = S. lamda S = 7370658.051959 watt

A=Q/(U*delta T) = 216.0427458293 m2 2325.04 ft2

A=Q/(U*LMTD) = 203.5704255485 m2 2191.21 ft2

pemilihan tube
biasanya tube berukuran max 3 in OD, dan tinggi max 6 ft
Dari tabel 10 Kern, 1983
Do = 1.5 in 0.125 ft
BWG = 18 in 1.5 ft
Di = 1.4 in 0.1167 ft
L = 6 ft

Luas permukaan panas tiap tube = phi.Do.L

= 2.355 ft2

jumlah tube = luas perpindahan panas/ luas permukaan tiap tube

= 930.4501062 = 931

luas alir tube = 0.25*phi*Di^2*Nt

= 9.947476389 ft2

luas downtake 1/2 - 1 kali luar alir tube (kern, hal 402)
diambil luas downtake = 1 x luas alir tube
= 9.947476389 ft2

maka diameter downtake = ((4/phi)A downtake)^0.5

= 3.559767471 ft

pemilihan shell
tube-tube yang tersusun di dalam shell tube, dalam shell yang terbenuk anulus. (kern, p402)

susunan tube dalam shell dipilih triangular pitch, dengan pt = 4 in

c' = pt -Do

luas segitiga = 1/2 . Alas . Tinggi

alas = pt

tinggi (a) -> tan (o) = b/a = (1/2 pt)/tinggi

tinggi = (1/2 pt)/tan(30) = (1/2 pt)/(akar 3 / 3 =

maka
 luas segitiga = 1/2 . Pt . (3 pt/(2 akar 3) = (3 pt)^2/(4. akar 3)

luas 1 pt = luas segitiga

luas 1 tube = 2 . Luas segitiga = (3 pt)^2/(2 . Akar 3)

luas penampang 1 shell 1 area = luas pitch - (phi.OD.t^2 / 4)

luas penampang 1 shell N tube = N(luas pitch - (phi.OD.t^2 / 4))

= 4805.778457 in2
= 33.3735 ft2

luas penampang evaporator = luas penampang shell + luas downtake

= 43.32097639 ft2

diameter evaporator = (4/phi . A)^0.5

= 7.428725138 ft 2.2643

radiss luar shell (ro) = (d evaporator - d downtake)/2

= 1.934478834 ft 23.2137
d = 3.868957668 ft 46.4274

tebal shell dihitung dengan persamaan 13.1 Brownell

ts = ((P.ro)/(f.E - 0,6P))+C
dimana
f = 18750 psig
E = 0.85 --> single welded joint
C = 0.125 in
P = P design - P udara luar -->faktor keamanan 20%
= 3.284 atm 48.2615

ts = 0.195423041 in dipilih

radius dalam shell (ri) = ro - 2ts

= 19.4637 in IDs

7 menentukan ukuran evaporator

a Jika tinggi cairan diatas tube-sheet 25 % dari panjang tube dan bagian bawah juga 25 %, maka tinggi cairan :
Hl = 1,5 . L tube
= 9 ft

b Tinggi ruang uap untuk short tube Evaporator antara 8 12 ft (Perrys , hal.11-36)
dipilih Hv = 8 ft
tinggi shell evaporator = Hl + Hv
 = 17 ft 204

tebal head
th = (P.D/((2.f.E)-(0.2P)))+C
dimana
f = 18750 psig
E = 0.85 --> single welded joint
C = 0.125 in
P = 3.284 atm 48.2615

th = 0.195316382 in dipilih

tinggi head
a = IDs/2
= 19.4637 in

OD = ID+2ts
= 42.6774 in
dari tabel 5.7 Brownell and Young
icr = 5.625 in
r = 42 in
sf = 1.5 in --> tabel 5.6 brownell and y

b = r - (akar(BC^2 - AB^2))
BC = r - icr
AB = a - icr

maka,
BC = 36.375 in
AB = 13.8387 in
b = 8.360276349 in

tinggi head = th+b+sf

= 11.73527635 in 0.9779

tinggi evaprator
tinggi evaprator = tinggi shell + tinggi head + tinggi bottom
= 18.9558 ft 5.7777

koreksi,
tinggi cairan = Hl + Hbottom
= 9.9779 ft

tinggi ruang uap = Hv + Hhead

= 8.9779 ft
 16.3872
3885.7
230.17

3.57 atm

hv
2733.1
C

K
K
hf
E F cp.dT m.cp.dT
7.62E-09 -2.27E-12 15581.31 1687612.08728
4.76E-09 -1.27E-12 17725.42 95992021.6235
-1.27E-11 3.83E-15 109512.6 587662022.86
142819.3 685341656.571

Hs+1.884.BPR geankoplis, 1978

2741.4710388202
 wall thickness = 0.049 in
ID tube = 1.4 in
flow area per tube = 1.54 in

an tiap tube
tube

3pt/(2. akar 3)
t)^2/(4. akar 3)

m 89.04 in
standar 7.5 ft

in
in

single welded joint

aktor keamanan 20%

psig

1.875 in --> standar

38.9274 in
 in

single welded joint

psig

1.875 in --> standar

tabel 5.6 brownell and young

ft 0.2981 m

m
90 in