S 3

2
Gii phng trnh y - y = x 2e x .
'
Cu I.
x
y l pt vi phn tuyn tnh cp 1

y=e
- p ( x ) dx p ( x ) dx



q ( x ) e dx C
x dx
2 2

2 x x
- dx
y=e x e e dx C

= e 2 ln x x e e
2 x - 2 ln x
dx C
= x .e C
2 x

Cu II. Gii h pt bng phng php TR, VTR hoc kh

x'1 (t ) = 5x1 - 3x2 e 2t (1)

x'2 (t ) = - x1 3x2 (2)
Ly pt (1) + pt (2)
x '1 x2' = 4 x1 e 2t (*)
o hm 2 v pt (2) ta c:

x = 3x - x
'
1
' "
2 2
Thay vo pt (*)

3x '
2 - x "
2 x '
2 = 4 3x
- x2
"
8

x2 = C1
Thay vo pt (2) ta c:
7 2t
x1 = C1e 6t C 2 e 2t e t xe
2
1 tan x - 1 - tan x
Cu III. Tnh gii hn lim .
x 0 x
1 tan x - 1 - tan x
lim
x 0 x
1 tan x - 1 - tan x 1 tan x - 1 tan x 2 tan x
= lim = lim = lim =1
x 0 x x 0 x
1 tan x 1 - tan x x 0 x.2
 -1/ 4 dx
Cu IV. Tnh tch phn I = .
-1/ 2 x 2 x 1
t t = 2 x 1 t 2 = 2 x 1
tdt = dx
x -1 -1
2 4
t 0 1
2
1 1 1 1
2
tdt 2
2dt 2
2dt 2
(t 1) - (t - 1) dt
I= t -1
2
= t 2 -1
= (t - 1)(t 1)
= (t - 1)(t 1)
0
.t 0 0 0
2
1
1
1-
ln t -1 -ln t 1
1
2
=
2
= ln 2
1
0 0
1
2
dx
Cu V. Tnh tch phn suy rng I = .
2 x ln 2 x


d (ln x) 1 1 1 1
= 2 ln 2 x = - = - lim =
ln 2 x ln x ln 2
ln x 2

Cu VI. Kho st v v th hm s y = ln x - x 1 .
Tp xd: x>0

lim ln x - x 1 = -
x 0
=> tim cn ng x=0

lim ln x - x 1 = -
x
=> khng c tim cn ngang
1 1- x
y' = -1 =
x x
y' = 0 x = 1
Bng bin thn:
x 0 1 +
y +
y 0

- -
 1
y" = - 0 => th khng c im un
x 2
Bng gi tr:
x 0.5 2
y 1 1
ln ln 2 - 1
2 2

th:

x2 1
Cu VII. Tnh din tch min phng gii hn bi y = ;y= .
2 1 x2
x2 1
Pt honh giao im: =
2 1 x2
x4 x2 - 2 = 0
x = 1
Din tch min phng:
1
1 x2
SD =
-1 1 x
2
-
2
dx

x2 1
V y = v y = khng ct nhau trong khong (-1;1) nn:
2 1 x2
1
1
2
x3 1
= arctan( x) -
1 x
SD = 1 x - dx

= -
6
2
2 2 3
-1
-1

S 5
 y
Cu I. Gii phng trnh y = x sin x vi iu kin y( )= 2 .
x
y l pt vi phn tuyn tnh cp 1:
- p ( x ) dx
y =e q ( x )e dx C
p ( x ) dx

x dx
1 1
- x dx
y=e x sin x e dx C

1
y = e ln x x sin x. dx C
x
y = x.( - cos x ) C = - x cos x C
Ta c: y ( ) = 2
-2 C = 2
C = 4
Vy nghim ca pt l: y = - x cos x 4
Cu II. Gii h pt bng phng php TR, VTR hoc kh
x1' (t ) = 3x1 2 x2 et
'
x2 (t ) = x1 2 x2 3t

x1' (t ) = 3x1 2 x2 e t (1)

' ( 2)
x2 (t ) = x1 2 x2 3t
3 2 et
A = F =
1 2 3t
Phng trnh c trng:
A - I = 0
3- 2
= 0
1 2-
(3 - )( 2 - ) - 2 = 0
2 - 5 4 = 0
= 1

= 4

2 2 x1
E1: = 0
1 1 x 2
- 1
E1 =
1
2
E 4 =
1
-1 2 -1 1 - 2 1 -1 2
P = P -1 = =
1 1 3 - 1 - 1 3 1 1
1 0
D =
0 4
t Y = P-1X
 Y ' = DY P -1 F
y1' 1 0 y1 1 - 1 2 e t
' =
y 0 4 y 3 1 1 3t
2 2
' 1 t
1 1 3 e 2t
y = y -
t
y' = 4y e t
2 2 3
dt e t -dt
1y = e 2 t -
e dt C 1
3

4 dt e -4dt
t

2y = e t
e dt C 2
3
t 2t 1
y1 = e t - dt C1
e 3

y = e 4t e t dt C
- 3t

2 3t 2
3 e
t -t -t t
y1 = e - 2te - 2e - 3 C1


y = e 4t - te - 2e C
- 3t - 3t

2 3 9
2

Vy nghim ca pt l X=PY
1

Tnh L = lim e - (1 x) .
x
Cu III.
x 0 x
1 1
ln(1 x )
e - (1 x) x
e-e x

lim
x 0 x
= lim
x 0 x
x
1 x2 2
x - o ( x )
x 1 1- 2
x 2
1- e
e-e
e-e 2
e
= lim = lim == lim 2 =
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 1 2
 2 dx
Cu IV. Tnh tch phn I = .
1 x 3x 2 - 2 x - 1
1 1 -1
t t = x = dx = 2 dt
x t t

x 1 2
y 1
1
2
1 -1
2 t. dt 1 1
t2 dt dt
I = = =
t - t 2 - 2t 3 1 2 - t 1
3 2 1
1 2 2
1
- - 1 2 t 2
t2 t
1
t 1 1
= arcsin = - arcsin
2 1
2 4
2

e x dx
Cu V. Chng minh rng tch phn suy rng 1 x phn k. Tnh
x
et dt
t .
J = lim 1 x
x e

ex 1
Ta c: >0 x 1
x x

dx e x dx
M phn k nn phn k theo tiu chun so snh 1
1
x 1
x
x
et ex
1 t dt
J = lim x
= lim xx = 0
x e x e
2
Cu VI. Kho st v v th hm s y = e 4 x - x .
TX: R
2
y ' = ( -2 x 4)e 4 x - x
y' = 0 x = 2

= 0
2
4 x- x
lim
x
e

4 x- x2
=> tim cn ngang l y=0

lim e = 0
x -
 Tim cn xin:
2 2
f ( x) e 4 x- x (-2 x 4)e 4 x - x
lim
x x
= lim
x x
= lim
x 1
=
=> khng c tim cn xin
Bng bin thin:
x - 2 +
y + 0
y e4
0 0
Bng gi tr:

x 1 3
y e3 e3

Cu VII. Tnh din tch min phng gii hn bi y = 3 x 2 ; y = 4 - x 2 .

Phng trnh honh giao im: 3 x 2 = 4 - x 2
3x 4 = 4 - x 2
x = 1
Din tch min phng cn tm:
1
SD =
-1
4 - x 2 - 3 x 2 dx

V y= 3x 2 v y= 4 - x2 khng ct nhau trong khong (-1;1) nn ta c:

 1
1 1
3 3
SD = 4 - x
2
- 3 x 2 dx = 4 - x
2
dx - x
-1 -1 3 -1

1
2 3
= 4 - x dx -
2

-1
3
1
J= 4 - x
2
dx
-1
t x = 2sint
dx = 2 cos tdt

2 2 cos 2t dt = 2t sin 2t
2
sin 1 6
J = 4 cos tdt = =
2 6
-
3
sin -1 6
3
-
6

2 3
Vy S D =
3 3
S 7
Cu I. Gii phng trnh
y
a/ y= +3xex
x
y l pt tuyn tnh cp 1:
x dx
1 -1
x x
dx
y=e 3 xe e dx C

1
y = x 3 xe x dx C
x
y = x3e x C
b/(3x2+y3+4x)dx+3xy2dy=0.
Q P
Ta c: x = y = 3y
2

y l pt vi phn ton phn:

nghim tng qut u(x,y) = C

x x
3 3 2
u ( x, y ) = (3x 2 y 3 4 x)dx = x y x 2x = x 3 y 3 x 2x 2
0 0

Cu II. Gii h pt bng phng php TR, VTR hoc kh

x1 (t ) = 4 x1 - 3x2 t t (1)
' 2

'
x2 (t ) = 2 x1 - x2 e
3t
(2)
4 -3 t 2 t
A= F = 3t
2 -1 e
Pt c trng:
 A - I = 0
4- -3
=0
2 -1 -
4 - -1 - 6 = 0
2 - 3 2 = 0
= 2

= 1
3 -3 x1
E1: = 0
2 -2 x2
1
E1 =
1
2 -3 x1
E2: = 0
2 -3 x2

3
E2 =
2
1 3 -1 2 -3 -2 3
P= P = - =
1 2 -1 1 1 -1
1 0
D=
0 2
t Y = P-1X
=> Y=DY + P-1F
y1' 1 0 y1 -2 3 t 2 t
' = 3t
y2 0 2 y2 1 -1 e
y1 = y1 - 2(t t ) 3e
' 2 3t

'
y2 = y2 t t - e
2 3t

y1 = et 3e3t - 2(t 2 t ) e - t dt C1

t
y2 = e
t t - e
-t
e dt C2
2 3t

Nghim l X=PY
1/ x
(1 4 x )1 / x
Cu III. Tnh gii hn lim .
x -0 e4
 1
1
lim 1
x
1 4x
1
x ln 1 4 x x - ln e4

= e x
lim
x 0

x 0
e4

11 1
M = lim
x 0 x x

4 x - 16 x 2 o x 2 - 4
2
1
= lim -8 x 0 x = -8
x 0 x

0 dx
Cu IV. Tnh tch phn I = 3 .
-2 ( x 1) x 1
t t = 3 x 1 t 3 = x 1
3t 2 dt = dx
x 0 -2
t 1 -1
1
1
3t 2
dt 3
I = 3
=- = -6
-1 t
.t t -1

x2 - 3
Cu V. Tnh tch phn suy rng sau
1 x ( x 1)( x 2 1)
.

x -3
2
A B Cx D -3 1 2x 2
= 2 = 2
x( x 1)( x 1) x x 1 x 1
2
x x 1 x 1

x2 - 3 -3 1 2x 2
I=
1 x x 1 x 2
1
=

x
1
2
x 1 x 1
dx

x ln x 1

2x 2
-3ln
=

x 1 x 1
dx 2 2
1 1

x 1
x 1 2arctan x

2
= ln ln
x3 1
1

x 1 x 1 2
=
ln 2arctan x
3
x
1

3
= - ln 4 -
= - ln 4
4 4
Cu VI. Kho st v v th hm s y =| x | 1 - x 2 .
Tp xc nh: -1<x<1
 Ta c: y (- x ) = - x 1 - - x = y x
2

=> y l hm chn. => th i xng qua Oy

Xt 0<x<1:
y = x 1 - x2
-x
y ' = 1 - x2 x
1- x
2

1 - 2 x2
=
1 - x2
1
y' = 0 x =
2
Bng bin thin:
x 1
0 1
2
y +

y 1
2

0 0

x 2 ln x
Cu VII. Tnh di cung y = - ,1 x 3 .
2 4
1
y'= x-
4x
)
di cung C :
 3
L = 1 y '
2

3 2 3
1 16 x 4 - 8 x 2 1
= 1 x - = 1
1 4x 1 16 x 2
3 3
16 x 4 8 x 2 1 4 x2 1
= 2
= dx
1
16 x 1
4 x
3

1 x2 1 1
3 3
4x 1 2
= dx = = ln x = 4 4 ln 3
4 x 2
x dx
4x
1
41
1

S 9
Cu I. Gii cc phng trnh
y3
a/ dx - x 2 dy = 0 , y(4)=2
2
Chia 2 v cho y3x2 ta c:
dx dy
- =0
2 x2 y3
dx dy
2 = 3
2x y
Tch phn 2 v ta c:
dx dy
2x 2
= 3
y
-1 1
2 = C 3 y2 - 2x = C
2x 3y
Theo bi ta c: 3.4-2.2=C
C=8
Vy nghim ca pt l: 3 y 2 - 2 x - 8 = 0
4y
b/ y '- = x 4 cos x .
x
y l pt vi phn tuyn tnh cp 1:
-4
dx 4
4
x dx
y=e x

x cos x.e dx C

= x4
cos xdx C
= x 4 .sin x Cx 4
Cu II. Gii phng trnh vi phn: y+2y-3y= (6x + 1)e3x
Phng trnh c trng:
k =1

k 2 2k - 3 = 0
k = -3

 y0 = C1e x C2e -3 x
yr = x s ea x .Qn ( x)
V = 3 khng l nghim ca pt nn s = 0
yr = e3 x Ax B
yr' = 3e3 x Ax B Ae3 x
yr" = 9e3 x Ax B 6 Ae3 x

Th vo pt ta c:

9e3 x Ax B 6 Ae3 x 2
3e3 x Ax B Ae3 x
- 3e Ax B = 6 x 1 e
3x 3x

1
A=
2

-1
B=
2

Vy nghim ca pt l:
y = y0 y r
1 1
y = C1e x C2 e3 x e3 x x -
2 2
( x 1) x 1.( x 2) x 2 .( x 4) x 4
Cu III Tnh gii hn lim .
x ( x 5)3 x 7
x 1 x2 x4
x 1 x 2 x 4
= lim . .
x
x 5 x 5 x 5
x 5- 4 x 5-3 x 5 -1
4 3 1
= lim 1- 1- 1-
x
x 5 x 5 x 5
x 5 x 5 x 5
4 3 1
1- 1- 1-
x 5 x 5 x 5
= lim
x 4 3
1
4 3 1 -
1 - 1 - x5
x 5 x 5
= e -4 e -3e -1 = e -8
2
dx
Cu IV. Tnh tch phn: I =
1 x - 1 2 - x
 x = cos 2 t 2sin 2 t
dx = -2sin t cos t 4 cos t sin t dt = sin 2t dt

2 2
sin 2tdx
I= 2dx = 2 x =
= 2

0
sin 2 t cos 2 t 0
0

1
Cu V. Tnh tch phn suy rng I = x x dx .
80
4 2
1
t t = 4 x 2 1 t 4 = x 2 1
2 xdx = 4t 3 dt

2t 3 dt 2t 2 dt 1 1
I = 4 = 2 = 2 2 dx

3 t -1 t
3 t -1 t 1
2
3
t -1 t 1

1
= dt arctan t
3 t - 1 t 1 3

1 1 1
=
2
3

t - 1
-
t 1


dt - arctan 3
2

1 t -1

= ln
- arctan 3
2 t 1

2
3

1 1
= ln - arctan 3
2 2 2
Cu VI. Kho st v v th hm s y = 3 1 - x3 .
TX: R
-2
1
y ' = -3 x 2 1 - x 3 3
3
y' 0
lim 3 1 - x 3 = -
x
khng c tim cn ngang
lim 3 1 - x 3 =
x -
Tim cn xin:
 f 3
1 - x3
a = lim = lim = -1
x x x x
b = lim f x = lim
x x
3
1 - x3 x
1
= lim
1- x
3 2
x
3 - x 3 1 - x3 x 2
1
= =0
2 1 1
23 1-
x 6 - 3 3 - 1 1
3
x x x
Vy tim cn xin l y = -x
Bng bin thin:
x - +
y
y +
-
Bng gi tr:
x -1 0 1 2
y 3
2 1 0 3
-7

Cu VII. Tnh di cung y = ln x, 2 2 x 2 6 .

1
1 y ' = 1 2
2

x
)
di cung C :
2 6 2 6
1 x2 1
L= 1 x2
dx = x2
2 2 2 2
 t t = x 2 1 t 2 = x 2 1
tdt = xdt
5 5
t 2 dt 1
L= =
1 dt

3
t -1 3 t 2 -1
2

5
5
1 1 1 1 t -1
=1
-
dt = t ln
3
2 t - 1 t 1
2 t 1 3

1 2 1 1 1 4
= 2 ln - ln = 2 ln
2 3 2 2 2 3
S 19.
Cu I. Gii phng trnh y - y tan x y 2 cos x = 0 .
'

Chia 2 v cho y2 pt tr thnh:

y ' tan x
- = - cos 2 x (*)
y2 y
y l pt Bernouli
1 -1
t u = u ' = 2 y '
y y
Th vo pt (*) : u '- u tan x = cos x (pt vi phn tuyn tnh)
u = e dx C
tan xdx - tan xdx



cos x.e

J =
tan xdx
t t = cosx dt = - sin xdx
-dt
J = = - ln t = - ln cos x
t

u = - cos x cos 2 xdx C
1 - cos 2 x

= - cos x
2
dx C


1 1
= - cos x x - sin 2 x C
2 4
1 1 1
Vy nghim ca pt l: = - cos x x - sin 2 x C
y 2 4
Cu II. Gii h pt bng phng php TR, VTR hoc kh
x1' (t ) = 7 x1 - x2 2e5t (1)

x ' (t ) = 2 x 4 x 3e -6t (2) .


2 1 2

Ly 4 ln pt (1) + pt (2) ta c:
4 x1' x2' = 30 x1 8e 5t 3e -6 t (*)
 o hm pt (1) ta c:
x1" = 7 x1' - x2' 10e5t
Th vo pt (*) ta c:
4 x1' 7 x1' - x1" 10e5 t = 30 x1 8e5 t 3e -6 t
x1" - 11x1' 30 x1 = 2e5t - 3e -6t
e -6t
x1 = C1e5t C2e 6t - 2 xe5t -
44
13 -6t
x2 = 2C1e5t C2 e -6t - 4 xe5t - e 4e 5t
44
1 1
Cu III. Tnh gii hn I = lim - 2 .
x 0 x arctan x x
x - arctan x
I = lim
x 0 x 2 arctan x

x3 x3
x - x - o( x3 )
= lim 3 = lim 33 =
1
3
x 0 x x 0 x 3
3- x 4 x
Tm a tch phn I = dx hi t.
5 x
Cu IV. a a -1
4

Xt a 0 :
Khi x
4x 4
f : = a 2 -a -1

a -1
xa x
a 2 - a -1 1
Tch phn hi t
a -1 a 2
So vi dk ta c > 2
Xt a 0 :
Khi x
4x
f : a -1
5
Phn k theo so snh 2
Xt a = 0 :
Khi x
4x
f : -1
6
Phn k theo so snh 2
Vy I hi t khi > 2
 1 x 4 dx
Cu V. Tnh tch phn I = .
-1 (1 2 2
x ) 1- x
1 x 4dx
I = 2
0 (1 x 2 ) 1 - x 2
t x = sin t dx = cos tdt

2
sin 4 t cos tdt
I = 2

0 1 sin t cos t
2


2
sin 4 t - 1 2
1
= 2 dt 2 dt

0 1 sin t
2

0 1 sin t
2


2 2
1
= 2
sin 2 t - 1 dt 2 2
sin t 1
dt
0 0

= J K


1 = -
2
2 2
J = 2 cos 2t 1 dt = -
- cos 2 tdt = -
sin 2t t 2
0 0
2
0

2 2
1 1
K=2 dt = 2 dt
sin t 1 0 sin t 1 2
2
0
cos t
2
cos t cos t
1
u = tan t du = dt
cos 2 t

du 1 du
K = 2 =
t
0 u u 1 2 0 u2 1
2

=
2
2
arctan 2u =
2
2 2
0

I = J + 2K =
2
2 -1
x2 + x - 1 1
Cu VI. Kho st v v th hm s y = .= x - 1
x +2 x2
Tp xc nh: x -2
 1 x2 4 x 3
y ' = 1- =
x 2 x 2
2 2

y'= 0
x = -1

x = -3
x2 x -1
lim = -
x -2 x2
=> tim cn ng l x = - 2
1
lim =0
x x 2

=> tim cn xin l y = x - 1

Bng bin thin:

x - -3 -2 -1
y + 0 0 +
y -5 (CT)
- (C) - -1
Bng gi tr:

x -5 -3
-4 0
2 2
y -11 -11 -1 -1
2 2 2 2
Cu VII. Tnh din tch b mt trn xoay to ca vt th trn xoay to nn khi quay
min phng gii hn bi y = x 2 1;0 x 1/ 4; y = 0 quanh trc Ox.
x
y'=
1 x2
Din tch cn tm l:
1
2
4
x
SOx = 2 1 x 2
1 dx
1 x
2
0
1
4
x2
= 2 1 x 2 1 dx
0
1 x2
1
4
= 2 1 2 x 2 dx
0

t t - 2 x = 2 x 2 1
t 2 - 2 2 xt 2 x 2 = 2 x 2 1
t 2 -1
=x
2 2t

dx =

2t 2 2t - 2 2 t 2 - 1 dt
8t 2
2 2t 2 2 2
dx = dt
8t 2
2
t 2 - 1 2 2t 2 2 2
SOx = 2 t
- 2 2
dt
1 2 2t 8t
2
t 2 1 2 2t 2 2 2
= 2 dt
1
2t 8t 2
2
2 2t 4 4 2t 2 2 2
= 2 dt
1
16t 3
2
2 2 1
=
t 3
dt
4 t t
1
2

2 t 2 1
= 2ln t -
4 2 2t 2
1

2 1 1 1 2 3
=
1 2 ln 2 - - =
ln 2
4 2 4 2 4 4