1

R - - - 2

[ .
[ .
[ , -
.

[ .
[ x + = 0.
[
.

[ ,
.

[ .
[ .
[ x + > 0 x + < 0.
[ .
[ .
[ .
[ .
[ .
[ ( 0 ) .

[ .
[
.

[ x = .

[ .
[
.

[ , ,
.

[ .
[
,
0 .

[
.
 11.

x + = 0 -


1

17. 1

) x + = 0 ; (1)
) x + = 0

:
) x, (1) ,
.
) (1), - :
x + + ( ) ( ) x = - (2)
:

1 :
x
0 , (2), : =` x=`


0 , : x =

2 :
= 0, (2) : 0x = - (3)
= 0, (3) 0x = 0
x, , .
0 , (3) , 1 ,
, 2 , .
12. 1

: x + > 0 x + < 0

27. 2
:
) x + > 0 ) x + < 0

:
) : x + > 0 x + + ( ) ( ) x > (1)
:
1 :
> 0. (1) , ( > 0
x
) (1) > x >-

2 :
< 0. (1) . ( < 0 ).
x
(1) < x < -

3 :
= 0. (1) : 0x > -. (2)
i) > 0 < 0 , (2) x.
( (2) 0 )
ii) 0 0 , (2) ,
(   0 ).
.
 1 13.

31.3

: (1) (2)

:
(1) .
1 : 0 = , (1) .
2 : 0 = , (1) ,
0 0 . (2)

32.4

A:
3. - (1)
(2). (1) (2) :

33.5

2
: = 2

:
, 0
: = (1)
-, < 0
2
(1)
, 0 2 0
: = = = 2 = 2
() (), < 0 <0
.

34.6
:
= x =

) = ) x = > 0
= - x = -

0 ;
14. 1

:
) :
=

= = = = 0 ( ) ( + ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

=

) ()
< 0 x 0 x
= 0 x = 0.

35. 7
:
) > 0 x < < x < ) > 0 x > x > x <
< 0;

:
) 1 :
x ( x)
x < :
2
x < x < 2 x 2 < 2 x 2 - 2 < 0 (x - )(x + ) < 0 (1)
(1) x - , x + :
x - < 0 x + > 0 ( x - < x + ).
x < 0 x < x + > 0 x >
: : (1) < x <
x

2 :
:
x 0 x = x :
x < x > - (x 0 - < 0)
x <

x 0 x = x :
x < x < x > x < ( x 0 > 0)
 1 15.

: x < < x <

: x x , >0

) 1 :
:
2
x > x > 2 x 2 > 2 x 2 2 > 0 (x ) (x + ) > 0 (1)
(1) x - , x + . :
x > 0 x > x + > 0 x >
:
x : x > .

x < 0 x < x + < 0 x < .

:
: x < -.
x

x : |x| > x > x < -.

2 :
: x 0 x = x : x > x >
x < 0 x = x : x > x > x < -
: x > x > x < -
3 :
x > x x .
x x :

x x < - x > . x > x < - x > .

: x x x - , > 0

< 0 :
x < x R ().
x > x R .
16. 1

36.8

:

) = ) =

:
)
1 :
2 = 2 , () :
= = ( ) ( ) = 2 2 = 2 2 .
2 2 2 2 2

2 :
, :

, 0 = = , 0 =
: = =
, 0 = = , 0 =
: = = ( ) ( ) =
0, 0 = = , 0 =
: = = ( ) =
0, 0 = = , 0 =
: = = ( ) =
) ()

37.9

, : + + .
;

:
+ , +
:
+ ( + )
2
(1)
2 2 2
+ + +2
2

x = x2. + = (+) ,
2 2 2 2 2
=2 , =2 .
 1 17.

= . (1) :
( + )
2
2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 | |
2 2 x x x R .
= 0 .
, .
: : +

38.
, ;

:
, d(, )
.
: d(, ) = =
 18. 1

1010

11

 1 19.

12

13
20. 1

14

15

16
 1 21.

17

18
22. 2

2 ""
1

:
. 22-23: : 5, 6, 7
: 1, 4
. 27-28: : 1, 2, 3
: 1, 4
. 36-37: : 1, 4, 10, 11
: 1
. 42-43: : 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
: 2
. 49-51: : 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18
. 121-122: : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
. 125: : 1, 2, 3, 7
. 128: : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

:

: 31, 32, 42, 44,
54, 62, 67
: 74, 81, 86, 89,
95,101,105,
122, 134,139
 3 23.

3

2
1

1. : (2x 1) 2 = 5 (10x )
:
x = .
(2x 1) 2 = 5 (10x ) 2 2 x 2 = 50x 5 2 2 x 50x = 2 5

(2 2 50 ) x = 2 5 (1)

: 2 2 50 = 0 2 ( 2 25) = 0
2 ( 5)( + 5) = 0 5 = 0 + 5 = 0
= 5 = 5 .
. 5, 5 (1) :
2 5 ( 5)
x= = =
2 50 2 ( 5)( + 5) 2 ( + 5)
2

. = 5 (1) 0x = 0 , ( ).
= 5 (1) 0x = 50 , .

x + x 1 x 3
2. : =1
2 3 6
:
, 6.
x+ x 1 x 3
6 6 =66 3 ( x + ) 2 (x 1) = 6 (x 3)
2 3 6
3x + 3 2x + 2 = 6 x + 3 3x 2x + x = 6 + 3 2 3
(3 2 + ) x = 3 + 7 ( + 3) x = 3 + 7 (1)
+ 3 = 0 = 3 .
 24. 3

3 + 7
. 3 (1) : x=
+ 3
. = 3 (1) : 0x = 2 , .

3. : ( 3 ) (x 1) = 3 2x 4
:
( 3) ( x 1) = 3 2x 4 (2 3 ) x + 2x = 2 3 + 3 4
(2 3 + 2) x = 2 4 (1)
:
(3) 1 31
2 3 + 2 = 0 = = = 2 =1
2 2
. 1, 2 (1) :

2 4 ( 2 )( + 2 ) + 2
x= = =
3 + 2 ( 1)( 2 ) 1
2

. = 1 (1) : 0x = 12 4 0x = 3 .
= 2 (1) : 0x = 2 2 4 0x = 0 .

4.

36 .
:
xy , : ( x10 + y ) ( y10 + x ) = 36 (1)
x = 3y (2). (2) :
x10 + y = 30y + y = 31y y10 + x = 10y + 3y = 13y
(1) : 31y 13y = 36 18y = 36 y = 2 .
x = 6 , 62.

5. :
x 1 2 1 x 5
i. 2 2x 1 = 5 ii. 1=
3 2
 3 25.

iii. 2 x 1 3x = 4 iv. x 1 = 2 9
:
i. 2 2x 1 = 5 2 2x 1 = 5 2 2x 1 = 5
2x 1 = 3 2x 1 = 7
2x 1 = 3 2x 1 = 7
2x 1 = 7.
2x 1 = 7 2x 1 = 7 2x 1 = 7
2x = 8 2x = 6
x=4 x = 3
ii. = x 1 = 1 x (
), :
2 5 2 5
1 = 6 6 = 6 2( 2) 6 = 3( 9)
3 2 3 2
2 4 6 = 3 15 = 5 = 5. x 1 = 5
x 1 = 5 x 1 = 5 x = 6 x = 4 .
iii. 2 x 1 3x = 4
x 1 , x 1
: x 1 =
x + 1 , x 1
x 1 :

6
2( x + 1) 3x = 4 5x = 6 x = , ().
5

x 1 :

2(x 1) 3x = 4 x = 2 x = 2 ( ).

iv. : () = 2 9 = ( + 3)( 3) -
:
3 3 +
() + +
 26. 3

: 1. (3,3) 2 9 < 0 , () .
2. = 3, 3 2 9 = 0 () : x 1 = 0 x = 1 .
3. (, 3) (3, + ) 2 9 > 0 , () :

x 1 = 2 9 x 1 = 2 9 x 1 = 2 + 9
x 2 8 x = 2 + 10

x 2 1 x2 2
6. : i. <1 ii. 2 < 3x 1 < 8
2 3
iii. 2 x 1 < 3 iv. x 2 + x + 1 < x + 5
:

i. = x 2 :

1 2 1 2
< 1 6 < 66 = 3( 1) < 6 2( 2)
2 3 2 3
13 13
3 3 < 6 2 + 4 5 < 13 < x2 <
5 5
13 13 13 13 3 26
< x2< 2 < x < 2+ < x < .
5 5 5 5 5 3

3x 1 < 8
ii. 2 < 3x 1 < 8
3x 1 > 2

3x 1 < 8 3x 1 > 2
8 < 3x 1 < 8 3x 1 < 2 3x 1 > 2
7 < 3x < 9 3x < 1 3x > 3
7 1
<x<3 x < x >1
3 3

7 1
: < x < 1 < x < 3 .
3 3
 3 27.

iii. 2 x 1 < 3 3x < 2 x 1 < 3 5 < x 1 < 1

5 > x 1 > 1. x 1 < 5 5 < x 1 < 5 4 < x < 6

iv. : (x) = x 2 + x + 1 .
= 12 4 1 1 = 1 4 = 3 < 0 , x 2 + x + 1 > 0 x ,
x 2 + x + 1 = x 2 + x + 1 . :
x 2 + x + 1 < x + 5 x 2 4 < 0 x 2 < 4 x < 2 2 < x < 2. .

7. < < :
= + 2
:
:
< < 0 , = +
> > 0 , =

<

2 < + 2 < 0 2 = 2 + +
<
: = + + + 2 = .

8. x, y 2x y 3 + x + 2y 4 = 0 .
:
2x y 3 + x + 2y 4 = 0 2x y 3 = 0 x + 2y 4 = 0
2x y = 3 x + 2y = 4 , :

2x y = 3 4x 2y = 6 5x = 10 x = 2

x + 2y = 4 x + 2y = 4 y = 2x 3 y = 1

9. 2 + 5 = 5 + 2 =
:
 28. 3

2 + 5 = 5 + 2 2 + 5 = 5 + 2 2 + 5 = 5 2
3 = 3 7 = 7 = =

10. 2 + 5 < 5 + 2 <

:
2 2
2 + 5 < 5 + 2 2 + 5 < 5 + 2 (2 + 5) 2 < (5 + 2) 2
4 2 + 25 2 + 20 < 25 2 + 4 2 + 20 19 2 < 19 2 2 < 2
2 2
< <

1 +3
11. : 3 2 5
1 +3
:
1 1
1 : 1 3 3
1 1
3 +3 +3
3 : 1 1 2 2
3 +3 +3

1 +3
2 5
1 +3

12. x < 1 y < 2 2x + 3y < 8

:

x < 1 1 < x < 1 2 < x < 2

8 < 2x + 3y < 8
y < 2 2 < y < 2 6 < 3y < 6

2x + 3y < 8

13. . : 2 4x 2 4x + 1 8 = 0
. : 2 < x 2 2x + 1 < 10
 3 29.

. 2 4x 2 4x + 1 8 = 0 2 (2x 1) 2 = 8 2 2x 1 = 8 2x 1 = 4

2x 1 = 4 2x 1 = 4
2x = 5 2x = 3
5 3
x= x=
2 2

. 2 < x 2 2x + 1 < 10 2 < (x 1) 2 < 10 2 < x 1 < 10

x 1 < 10 x ( 9,11)
x (9, 1) (3,11)
x 1 > 2 x ( , 1) (3, +)
:

* x 1 < 10 x 1 > 2
10 < x 1 < 10 x 1 < 2 x 1 > 2
9 < x < 11 x < 1 x > 3
x (9,11) x (, 1) (3, +)

14. f (x) = x 2 4x + 4 x + 3 x :
i. f .
ii. f.
:
i) x f (x) = (x 2) 2 x + 3 = x 2 x + 3 .
:
x 2 , x 2 0 x 2
x2 =
x + 2 , x 2 < 0 x < 2
:
x 2 +
x2 x + 2 x2
f (x) x + 2 x + 3 = x 2 x +3 =1
2x + 5
 30. 3

y
2x + 5 , x2
: f (x) =
1 , x<2 3 B
A
ii. f : x x
: 0 12
y = 2x + 5 x 2
(2,1) y
(1,3).
y = 1 x 2 (2,1)
xx.

15. : = 3 2 4 3
:

= 12 6 6
: 3
2 = 12 8 4
4
3 = 12 3 9

: = 12 66 12 84 12 39 = 12 668439 = 12 1719 = 12 57

16. : 2+ 2+ 3 2 2+ 3 2+ 3 =1
:

: 2+ 2+ 3 2 2+ 3 2+ 3 =

(2 + 2+ 3 )(2 2+ 3 )(2 + 3 ) =
(2 2
2+ 3
2
)(2 + 3) =
2
(4 2 3 )( 2 + 3 ) =

(2 3 )( 2 + 3 ) = 22 3 = 4 3 = 1 = 1
2

17. : ( 8 50 )( 98 200 ) = 18
:
 3 31.

: 8 = 42 = 4 2 = 2 2
50 = 25 2 = 25 2 = 5 2
98 = 49 2 = 49 2 = 7 2
200 = 100 2 = 100 2 = 10 2

: ( 8 50 )( 98 200 ) = ( 2 2 5 2 )(7 2 10 2 ) =
3 2 ( 3 2 ) = 9 2 = 9 2 = 18
2

3+ 3 3 3
18. : + =4
3 3 3+ 3
:

(3 + 3 )
2 2
3+ 3 9+ 3 + 6 3 12 + 6 3
= = = = 2+ 3
3 3 (3 3 )(3 + 3 ) 93 6

(3 3 )
2 2
3 3 9+ 3 6 3 12 6 3
= = = = 2 3
3+ 3 (3 + 3 )(3 3 ) 93 6

3+ 3 3 3
: + = 2+ 3+2 3 = 4
3 3 3+ 3

3 4 1
19. : + =
5 2 6+ 2 6 5
:
:

3 3( 5 + 2 ) 3( 5 + 2 ) 3( 5 + 2 )
= = = = 5+ 2
5 2 ( 5 2 )( 5 + 2 )
2
5 2
2
3

4 4( 6 2 ) 4( 6 2 ) 4( 6 2 )
= = = = 6 2
6+ 2 ( 6 + 2 )( 6 2 )
2
6 2
2
4
 32. 3

1 6+ 5 6+ 5
= = = 6+ 5
6 5 ( 6 5 )( 6 + 5 )
2
6 5
2

3 4 1
: + = 5+ 2+ 6 2 = 6+ 5=
5 2 6+ 2 6 5

20. : i. 2x 4 - 162 = 0 ii. 3x 3 + 81 = 0

iii. 4x 6 + 8 = 0 iv. 2x 6 = 64x
:

i. 2x4 - 162 = 0 ii. 3x 3 + 81 = 0

2x 4 = 162 3x 3 = 81
x 4 = 81 x 3 = 27
x = 4 81 x = 3 27
x = 3 x = 3

iii. 4x 6 + 8 = 0 iv. 2x 6 = 64x

4x 6 = 8 2x 6 64x = 0
x 6 = 2 2x ( x 5 32 ) = 0
x = 0 x 5 32 = 0
x = 0 x 5 = 32
x = 0 x = 5 32
x=0 x=2

21. : i. 2(3x - 2)3 + 16 = 0

2x 4 - 1 3 - x4
ii. -1 =
3 2
iii. x6 - 9x 3 + 8 = 0
:
 3 33.

2x 4 - 1 3 - x4
i. 2(3x - 2)3 + 16 = 0 ii. -1 = iii. x 6 - 9x 3 + 8 = 0
3 2
2(3x 2)3 = 16 W = x 3
2x 1
4
3 x4
(3x 2)3 = 8 6 6 = 6 :
3 2
3x 2 = 3 8 2 2x 1 6 = 3 3 x 4 )
( 4 ) ( W 2 9W + 8 = 0
3x 2 = 2 4x 4 2 6 = 9 3x 4 (9) 49
W=
3x = 0 7x 4 = 17 2
x=0 97
17 W=
x4 = 2
7
W =1 W = 8
17
x = 4 x3 = 1 x3 = 8
7
x =1 x=2

f (x) = f (x) = > 0 f (x) < < f (x) <
>0
f (x) = f (x) = 0 = 0 f (x) > f (x) < f (x) >
< 0

f (x) = g(x) f (x) = g(x) f (x) = g(x)
f (x) g(x) 1

2 .

f (x) = g(x) -
f (x) g(x)
.

.

, - , -
. .
 34. 4

4
3
2
1

1 2 1 3 1 4 1
1. x+ = 2 , : x + 2 = x + 3 = x + 4
x x x x
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2. : (2x + 1) 3 + (x 2) 3 + (1 3x)3 = 0
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 4 35.

3. :
x + 2 2x + 1 5x + 1
) (x + 1)2 (x + 2)2 = (2x + 1)2 (3 2x )2 ) + =
2 3 6
) 0,3x + 0,5(x + 1) = 1,2(x + 3 )
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4. :
) ( 1)x = 2 - 1 ) ( 2)x = 2 + 2 ) 2 x 2 = 4x +
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5. 60%. -
50ml -
70%. ml .
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 36. 4

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6. 250 ..
. -
, .
-
.
.
.
, ,
( ) . ! ,
,
. ,
;
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x 1 3x + 2 5x
7. . : +
2 4 4
. : (x + 1) 1 2x -
.
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 4 37.

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8. ,
14 24,
1.
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x 2 + x +1
9. . A=
x

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10. :

. x 1 = 3 x 4x + 3 . x + 2 3 x 1 = 2x 3
2 2
 38. 4

. 2x 5 = 5 2x . x 2 2x = 2x = x 2

. x + 2 = 2x + 1 . 3 x + 1 = x + 6
x + 1 + 2x + 4 = 0
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11. . < 2, < 3 :

i) 3 + 2 < 12 ii) 2 + + 1 < 8

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 4 39.

............................................................................................................................
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12. : . x + 3 2x < 5 . 2x 1 < x + 5

. x 3 < x 2 + 2x 5 . 2 < x 2 2x + 1 < 10

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2 2
13. x = y = : A = x 2 xy + y 2
5 3 5+ 3

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............................................................................................................................

14. :
3
1
.
9
3 = 3 . =
6
2
 40. 4

. 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 + 2 = 2 . ( 28 + 7 + 32 )( 63 32 ) = 31

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15. : 1 x 3 (1 x ) = (1 2x)2 + 1
2

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 4 41.

16. x 2 3x + + 2 = 0 .

5 .
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17. x 2 ( + 1)x + = 0 x1, x2 .

2, x1, x2 , (1,3)
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18. x 2 - ( + 1)x = 0 . x1, x2
: 3x1 2 - 7x1 2 x 2 - 7x1 x 2 2 + 3x 2 2 = 2

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 42. 4

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19. x 2
- 5x + 1 = 0
) ( ), -
, .
) x1, x2 ,
:
x x
1) 1 2 2) 3x1 - 2 3x2 - 2
x2 x1

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20. x 2 - 2( - 3)x + 2 - 1 . :
) )
 4 43.

) )
)

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2 3 + x2
21. : + =1
x 2 x x 2 2x + 1

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 44. 4

2 2
22. : = ( , > 0 )
+

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> > 0 + + 2 = +
2 2
23.
+

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 4 45.

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++
24. , , : + + =

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 46. 5

5
4
3

2
1

1
. N :
i) x 2 i) x + 3 1 iii) x + 2 < 1 iv) x 1 0

. :
i) 1 < x < 2 ii) - 1 x 3 iii) 1 < 2x + 1 < 3

x +1
iv) 1
x+2

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x 1 1 x
. : + = 2x + 2
3 2
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. :
) 3 8 7 18 + 9 72 12 50
) 45 3 + 125 3 320 3 , > 0

. N :
 5 47.

4 3
i) 16 ii) 25 24 2 iii) 3
3 2
3 4
3

5 3
iv) 5 5

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3
) -
4070 m2
.
. , , -
258m . -
. ;
)
,
. () -
( -
) 40m. -
. ;
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 48. 5

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2
. : x - 4 x + 4 = 0
6 3
1 1
. x + 28 x + + 27 = 0
x x
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