JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2010, ISSN 2151-9617

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Adaptive Based Controller for Three Phase

UPQC as Solution for Power Quality
Improvement in Sensitive Load
P.Jenopaul, T.Ruban Deva Prakash, I. Jacob Raglend and R. Priyadarsini

Abstract - This paper has proposed a new efficient control system for unified power quality conditioner that makes it possible to reduce the voltage
fluctuations like sag and swell conditions, as well as current and voltage harmonics isolation in distribution systems. The UPQC which can be used at
the PCC for improving power quality is modeled and simulated using proposed control strategy and the performance is compared by applying it to a
distribution system with UPQC and without UPQC. Performance of this UPQC has been evaluated with a typical industrial load with realistic
parameters supplied by a polluted distribution network. Dynamic model of the UPQC is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the
simulation results demonstrating the power quality improvement in the system are presented for different supply and load conditions.

Index Terms Power Quality, UPQC, Point Of Common Coupling, Harmonics, Reactive Power, Voltage Sag, Voltage Swell, MATLAB / SIMULINK

1 INTRODUCTION
Power quality has become one of the most important
issues for power electronic engineers. With great
advancement in all areas of engineering, particularly, in
signal processing, control systems, and power electronics,
the load characteristics have changed completely. In
addition to this, loads are becoming very sensitive to
voltage supplied to them. The loads based on power
electronic devices generally pollute the nearby network by
drawingnon sinusoidal currentsfrom the source. The rapid
switching of electronic devices creates additional problems.
Thismakesvoltagesandcurrentsatpointofcommoncoupling
(PCC) highly distorted [1]. One of the best solutions to
compensate both current and voltage related problems,
simultaneously, it is the use of Unified Power Quality Fig 1: General model of UPQC
Conditioner(UPQC).[2][3]
One of the electrical system adapter structures is back to

back inverter. According to the controlling structure, back to
P.Jenopaul, Research Scholar, Dept of Electrical and Electronics back inverters might have different operations in
Engineering,NIUniversity,Kumaracoil,KanyakumariDistrict,Tamil compensation. For example, they can operate as shunt and
Nadu,India. series active filters to simultaneously compensate the load
Dr.T.Ruban Deva Prakash2, Prof. Dept of Electrical and
current,harmonicsandvoltageisolations.ThisiscalledUPQC.
Electronics Engineering,NI University, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari
UPQCcanbeinstalledtoprotectthesensitiveloadinsidethe
District,TamilNadu,
plant as well as to restrict entry of any distortion from load
India.
side. This dual functionality makes the UPQC as one of the
Dr I.Jacob Raglend, Professor, Dept of Electrical and Electronics
mostsuitabledevicesthatcouldsolvebothconsumerissuesas
Engineering, NI University,Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District,Tamil
well as utility problems. UPQC thus can help to improve
Nadu,India.
voltage profile and hence the overall health of power
R.Priyadarsini, lecturer, Dept of Electrical and Electronics
distributionsystem.
Engineering, Narayanaguru College Of Engineering, Kanyakumari
TheapplicationofUPQCistocompensatetheswell,sagand
District,TamilNadu,India
unbalanced voltage, reactive power, current harmonics and
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voltage harmonics through shunt and series voltage source
inverter.
Voltage source inverter generates sinusoidal voltage with
the frequency, amplitude and the phase determined by the
control system. In order to clear the switching oscillation, a
passive filter is applied at the output of each inverter. At the
outputofshuntinverter,highpasssecondaryorderLCorfirst
orderRCfilterisallocatedandattheoutputofseriesinverter,
lowpasssecondorderLCorresonancefilterisallocated.
UPQC Controller provides the compensation voltage
through the UPQC series inverter and provides conditioning
current through the shunt inverter by instantaneous sampling
of load current and source Voltage and current. The general
structureoftheUPQCasshowninfigure1.
CONTROL STRATEGY FOR UPQC
The control strategy is basically the way to generate instantaneous reactive power theory [8] or instantaneous
referencesignalsforbothshuntandseriesactivepowerfilterof
UPQC. The compensation effectiveness of the UPQC depends
onitsabilitytofollowwithaminimumerrorandtimedelayto
calculate the reference signals to compensate the distortions,
unbalanced voltages or currents or any other undesirable
condition.
A .Selection the controlling method:
UPQC is vastly studied by several researches as an infinite
method for power quality conditioner .Different UPQC
controllingmethodscanbeclassifiedinthreefollowingclasses:
time domain controlling method, frequency domain
controllingmethodandnewtechniques.Fouriermethodisone
of the methods can be named as frequencydomain methods.
The methods such as PQ Theory[4], ZVS instantaneous
reactive power[5] , algorithms based on the synchronous dq
reference frame, instantaneous power balance method[6],
synchronous detection algorithm, direct detection algorithm
and notch filter based controlling methods are belongs to the
time domain methods. Dead beat control, space vector
modulation and wavelet conversion are some of the new
techniques[7]
Controllingmethodsarebasedonthreegeneralstandards
such asloadcharacteristics, required accuracy and application
facility. All method end in to a similar results when the
reference signal is calculated under balanced and sinusoidal
conditions where each end in to a different results under
unbalanced and non sinusoidal conditions. Dead beat
controlling method presents the best operation among the
othersbutmoreexpenseshouldbepaidforitscalculations.
Among the introduced methods the adaptive control
methodseemstobemoreappropriate.Thefactisthatitneeds
the sinusoidal and balanced voltage and it is not sensitive to
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voltage distortions and is relatively simple. In result, the
responsetimeofthecontrolsystemshortens.
A. Controller design
The control system of proposed system is shown in fig.1.This
comprisesofthreefollowingparts:
Referencesignalgeneration(PLL)
ShuntInverterControl
SeriesInverterControl
REFERENCE SIGNAL GENERATION OF THE
CONTROLLER (PLL)
The critical problem of a unified power quality
conditioner is to find an algorithm which can obtain an
accurate harmonic reference signal for control purpose.
Conventional control algorithms, such as using the
symmetrical components [9], the shunt and series AF
currents/voltages are sensed and controlled to match their
respectivecomputedreferencecomponentstherebyincreasing
thenumberofsensorsandcomputationaldelays.Inthispaper,
adetectingmethodbasedonadaptivenoisecancelingtheoryis
used and is adopted to measure the harmonic components of
thenonlinearloadcurrentandloadvoltageisimplemented.
Let the load current, input frequency and terminal
voltage be the input to the PLL. Three phase distorted supply
voltagesaresensedandgiventothePLLwhichgeneratessine
terms.Thesensedsupplyvoltageismultipliedwithasuitable
value of gain before being given as an input to the PLL. Here
K=1N,bethegainvalueassignedforcontrolling.
Fig.2:Proposedreferencesignalgeneration(PLL)
HereIListheloadcurrentVTistheloadvoltage,istheoutput
signaloftheadaptivedetectingcircuit;andfisthefundamental
reference frequency which is in phase with ac source voltage.
From the theory of ANC and [10], as the input sinusoidal
referencesignal,i.e.the fundamentalcomponentofthesystem
voltage has the same frequency and in phase with the desired
fundamentalcomponentsofloadcurrentandloadvoltage,the
dccomponentoftheoutputofintegratorwilltuneaccordingly
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until they are equal in magnitude. The corresponding
fundamental real components of the current and voltage are
thenextractedfromthesampledloadcurrentandloadvoltage.
Under the action of ANC loop, in steady state the output
currentIfandvoltageandVSofdetectingcircuithavenolarger
includethefundamentalrealcomponents,thedccomponentof
the integrator output will keep a constant value, which is in
proportional to the magnitude of the fundamental real
componentofload
If=ILkEmsint(K0+1/RC t0I.Emsint
=ILkK0EmsintkK1Emsint
WhereK1=1/RC If.Em.sintdt
Vs=VLkEmsint(K0+1/RC t0VsEm.sintdt
=VskK0EmsintkK1Emsint
whereK1=1/RC If.Em.sintdt
IL=IP+IQ+IH
VL=VP+VQ+VH
Where Ip is fundamental active component load current; Iq is
fundamentalreactivecomponentofloadcurrent;Ih isharmonic
components in load current; Vp is fundamental active
component of load voltage; Vq is fundamental reactive
componentofloadvoltage;andVhisharmoniccomponentsin
load voltage. K1 is the proportional coefficient andK0 is the dc
componentoftheintegratoroutput.Then
If=ILk.K0.EmsinT
If=IP+IQ+IHkK0.EmsinT
IF=IQ+IH
IP=k.K0.EmsinT
Theoutputsignaloftheadaptivedetectingcurrentandvoltage
are just the reactive power and harmonic components of the
nonlinearloadvoltageandcurrent.
Control scheme of Shunt Inverter Control:
Fig. 3: Proposed Shunt Control Strategy
Fig 2.shows the UPQC Shunt Inverter block diagram using
adaptive controller implemented in simulink. Where the
sensitiveloadcurrentsareIload.
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The measured load currents are fed in to adaptive
controller. The fundamental sinusoidal functions are obtained
throughtheusingPLLusingadaptivefilters.
Let the load current, and the current of active filter be the
input to the shunt firing unit. The gate signal obtained from
thisunitistheinputtotheIGBT.Thusobtaininggatesignalby
meansofhysteresiscurrentcontrollingtechniqueisperformed.
Thegatesignalisobtainedbymeansofusinghysteresiscurrent
controllingtechnique.Todetectthecurrenttobecompensated,
referencecurrentshouldbeobtained.PLLvalueisimprovedby
means of RMS value. RMS of load active current can be
obtainedby
RMS
The computed currents are then given to the hysteresis
controller along with the sensed threephase current. The
outputofthehysteresiscontrollerisgatesignalsofthevoltage
sourceinverter(VSI)oftheshuntActiveFilter.TheshuntAPF
canbedesignedtooperateasacontrolledcurrentsourcewhose
output current would be automatically controlled .Finally the
referencecurrentwaveformgetgeneratethereferencecurrent
andRMSvalueoftheloadcurrentismultiplywegettheactual
undistractedcurrentwaveformwithrespecttoloadcurrent.
TheerrorsignalwillgeneratebysubtracttheRMSvalueof
thereferencecurrentwaveformintoactualloadcurrentwave
formthemeanvaluetakenbythecurrentsignalofshuntactive
filter.
. )
The two inputs are fed to the hysteresis band controller and
theoutputfedtotheIGBTcontrol
Control scheme of Series Inverter Control
Asimplecontrolmethodologyisdevelopedtocontrol
the series inverter control. The series filter is controlled such
that it injects voltages ( , , which cancel out the
distortions and/or unbalance present in the supply voltages,
thus making the voltages at the PCC ( , , perfectly
balanced and sinusoidal with the desired amplitude as shown
infigure.Inotherwords,thesumofthesupplyvoltageandthe
injected series filter voltage makes the desired voltage at the
loadterminals.TheOutputofPLLissameforbothshuntand
seriespart.Lettheloadvoltage,andvoltageoftheactivefilter
are the inputs to the series firing unit. The computed value of
PLListhenmultipliedwiththedesiredpeakvalueofthePCC
phase voltage which becomes the threephase reference PCC
voltages,thedesiredpeakvalueis440V,thusitisgivenas,
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Fig 6: Source voltages under Voltage sag and swell condition

Fig.4: Block Diagram of Proposed Series Control

Strategy
The computed voltages are then given to the hysteresis
controlleralongwiththesensedthreephasePCCvoltages.
Theoutputofthehysteresiscontrollerisgatesignalsofthe
VSI of the series active filter. The hysteresis controller
generatesthegatesignalssuchthatthevoltageatthePCC Fig7: Compensated Voltage free from sagged and swell
becomes the desired sinusoidal reference voltage. voltage
Therefore,theinjectedvoltageacrosstheseriescancelsout
theharmonicspresentinthesupplyvoltage.Thecomplete
system(converters,controlcircuitry,supply,andload)has
been simulated using SIMULINK toolbox from MATLAB
7.9.

PROPOSED SIMULINK MODEL OF UPQC

6.c)

Fig8: Distorted load current

Fig 9 : Load current with compensation
Fig5: Complete Model Implemented in Matlab simulink

SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The UPQC and its control system have been tested at

differentload/supplyimperfections.Inthissimulationthe
voltagesagoccurredduringtheperiodof0.1sto0.15sas
shown in figure 6. Voltage sag with 100 V amplitude
occurredinsourcevoltage. Fig10: Reactive power without compensation
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Fig: 11 Reactive Powers with compensation
InFig7showstheCompensatedVoltagefreefromsagged
and swell voltage by the proposed controller. Simulation
fig8showstheloadcurrentpollutedbysensitiveload.The
total Harmonic distortion (THD) is 3.2%, which is much
lower than the limit value established by IEEE 519
Standard (8% for the system under consideration).
Although the supply current THD is within the limits
Prescribedbytheabovementionedstandard,theloadside
voltage contains unacceptable ripple. In fig 9 the load
currentbecomesunacceptablydistortedaftertheUPQCis
introduced into operation at 0.01 s as shown. In this
particular case the load voltage THD is 1.2%, whereas
according to above mentioned standard it should not
exceed 5% for 11 kV and below. Simulation 10 shows the
reactivepowerlagatPccwithoutUPQC.Simulationresult
11 shows the reactive power maintained almost constant
byusingtheproposedcontrollerbasedUPQC.
CONCLUSION
The simulation results shows that, when unbalance
andnonlinearoccurinloadcurrentorunbalanceandsagin
source voltage ,the Proposed control algorithms eliminate
the impact of distortion and unbalance of load current on
the power line, making the power factor of it unity.
Meanwhile, the series compensator isolate the source
voltageharmonics,shuntcompensatorprovidethreephase
balanced and isolate the current harmonics for Loads. A
Matlab/Simulinkbasedsimulationsiscarriedoutinorderto
verify its performance. The simulation results have shown
that the operating performance of the adaptive UPQC is
satisfactory and it can adapt itself to the changes in
nonlinear load types and variation in supply magnitudes.
UPQCcaneliminatetheharmoniccomponentssuccessfully
andcanalsocorrectthepowerfactorofthesupplycurrent
and mitigate. However the proposed design concept still
needs to be validated for large system by experimental
resultsinthefuture.
100
REFERENCES
[1]V.Khadkikar,A. Chandra , O.Berry and T.D.Nguyen,
Conceptual study of Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC).IEEEISIE2006,JULY,pp912.
[2]Bhim Singhy and Venkateswarlu.P_A Simplified Control
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2010,pp9196
[3] PengCheng Zhu, Xun Li, Yong Kang and Jian Chen
Analysis and experimental verification of a control scheme for
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[4]Tan Zhili,,Li Xun,Chen Jian,Kang Yong,Duan ShanxuA direct
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[7]A. Elnady, A. Goauda, M. M. A. Salama, Unified Power
Quality with A Novel Control Algorithm Based on Wavelet
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The integration of series active filters and shunt active filters,
IEEETrans.PowerElectronics,Mar.1998,Vol.13,pp.315322.
[9].A.GhoshandG.Ledwich,PowerQualityEnhancementusing
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BIOGRAPHY:
P.Jenopaul was born at Tamilnadu (India)in 1980.He received his
bachelor of engineering and Master of
Engineering degree in Electrical
&Electronics Engineering from M.S
university, Tirunelveli and Anna
university Chennai 2003&2007
respectively. Presently he is pursuing
his Phd in Noorul Islam University
department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering. His research interest is
application of power electronics in
distribution system, power quality analysis, active filter, facts etc.
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Dr,T.ruban deva prash was born at

Tamilnadu(India)in 1976.he received his
bachelor of Engineering and Master of
Engineering degree in Electrical
&electronics engineering from
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University and
Annamalai University 1997 & 1999
respectively. He received his PhD in
Sathyabama University 2008 department of Electrical &Electronics
Engineering. His research interest is application of power
electronics in distribution system, power quality analysis active
filter, facts etc.

I.Jacob Raglend was born in India and received his Bachelors

degree in Electrical Engineering from The
Indian Engineering College and the Masters
degree in Power Systems Engineering from
Annamalai University with first class in 2000
and 2001 respectively. He has done his
Ph.D. degree in the Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Roorkee, 247 667- India in
the year 2007. Then he has joined the
School of Electrical Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)
India, as a Senior Lecturer and Assistant Professor during 2007
and presently working as a Professor in the Department of
Electrical Engineering, Noorul Islam University, India. He taught
course in Basic Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Artificial
Intelligence and Soft Computing Techniques. His field of interest is
Unit Commitment, Economic Dispatch, Power System
Restructuring and Deregulation, Artificial Intelligence Applications
to Power System and FACTS.

R. Priyadarsini was born in India and

received her Bachelors degree in Electrical
Engineering from Noorul Islam Engineering
College and the Masters degree in Applied
Electronics from Anna University with first
class in 2008 and 2010 respectively. She is
presently working as a Lecturer in the
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Narayanaguru College of Engineering, India.
Her field of interest is Power System
FACTS, and Power quality.