TRNG TRUNG CP NGH GIAO THNG VN TI HI PHNG

---------------------------

GIO TRNH
NGH HN

GIO TRNH
NGH: CNG NGH T

MUN14: THC HNH HN C BN

S DNG CHO O TO TRUNG CP NGH CNG NGH T

Hi Phng - Nm 2012
MC LC
BI 1: HN IN H QUANG ...................................................................................1
1- Khi nim v hn in h quang .............................................................................1
2- My hn v thit b ph tr .....................................................................................1
2.1- My hn in xoay chiu .................................................................................1
2.2- My hn mt chiu dng chnh lu..................................................................3
2.3 - Kt ni thit b dng c hn ............................................................................3
3- Cc loi mi hn v chun b mp hn ...................................................................5
4-Ch hn ................................................................................................................9
4.1- ng knh que hn d(mm). ............................................................................9
4.2 - Cng dng in hn(Ih). ........................................................................10
4.3- in th h quang(Uh). ..................................................................................10
4.4- S lp hn (n) ................................................................................................ 10
4.5- Vn tc hn(Vh). ............................................................................................ 10
5 - Cc dng sai hng v bin php khc phc .........................................................12
5.1 - Nt .................................................................................................................12
5.2- Khng ngu ....................................................................................................12
5.3 - Khuyt cnh ..................................................................................................12
5.4 - Vn cc .........................................................................................................12
5.5- Ln x, l hi ..................................................................................................12
6- Thc hnh hn, ct ................................................................................................ 13
6.1 - Lp que hn ...................................................................................................13
6.2 - iu chnh cng dng in hn ............................................................. 13
6.3 - Thc hin hn ................................................................................................ 14
6.4 - Trnh t thc hin hn ...................................................................................14
6.5- An ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng. .....................................................15
BI 2: HN BNG NGN LA KH .......................................................................17
1- Khi nim ..............................................................................................................17
2- Ngn la hn ........................................................................................................17
2.1- Ngn la bnh thng ....................................................................................17
2.2- Ngn la xy ha ........................................................................................... 18
2.3- Ngn la cc bon ha .....................................................................................18
3- K thut hn kim loi bng ngn la kh .............................................................. 19
3.1- Cc loi mi hn............................................................................................. 19
3.2- Chun b vt hn............................................................................................. 19
3.3- Phng php hn ............................................................................................ 20
4-Thc hnh hn. .......................................................................................................21
4.1- Hn gip mi ..................................................................................................21
4.2- Hn gc ch T ................................................................................................ 22
BI 3: HN THIC ......................................................................................................25
1- Khi nim .............................................................................................................25
1.1- Khi nim hn thic .......................................................................................25
1.2- c im ........................................................................................................26
2- Dng c,vt liu v thit b dng hn thic ......................................................26
2.1- M hn nung in........................................................................................... 26
2.2- M hn in tr .............................................................................................. 26
2.3- M hn nung l .............................................................................................. 27
 2.4- L rn .............................................................................................................27
2.5- M hn hi oxy axetylen .............................................................................27
2.6- n kh ..........................................................................................................27
2.7- Thuc hn, thic hn ......................................................................................27
3- K thut hn thic bng m hn t (hoc m in tr) .......................................28
3.1. Lm sch phi .................................................................................................28
3.2. Lm sch m hn ............................................................................................ 28
3.3- Nung m hn ..................................................................................................29
3.4- Qut thuc hn ln ng hn .......................................................................29
3.5- Hn .................................................................................................................29
3.6- Cc dng sai hng nguyn nhn v bin php phng nga ........................... 29
3.7- Lm sch kim tra cht lng mi hn .......................................................... 30
4- K thut hn thic bng m hn kh......................................................................30
4.1- Chun b phi, vt liu hn ............................................................................30
4.2- Tnh ch hn .............................................................................................. 30
4.3- Chn phng php hn ..................................................................................30
4.4- Ly la v chn ngn la ...............................................................................30
4.5- G phi hn ....................................................................................................31
4.6- Tin hnh hn .................................................................................................31
4.7- Cc dng sai hng nguyn nhn v bin php phng nga ........................... 31
4.8- Lm sch kim tra cht lng mi hn .......................................................... 31
5- An ton khi hn thic ............................................................................................ 32
6- Thc hnh hn thic .............................................................................................. 32
6.1- Thc hnh hn m t(hoc m in tr) ......................................................32
6.2- Thc hnh hn m hn kh .............................................................................33
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................. 35
 GIO TRNH thc hnh HN QUA BAN
Thi gian m un: 40h (L thuyt: 0h, Thc hnh: 40h)

MC TIU
Hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng
+ S dng thnh tho cc dng c lin quan n cng vic hn in, hn hi v
hn thic
+ Vn hnh my hn, m hn ung trnh t, yu cu k thut v an ton
+ Thc hin c k nng hn in, hn hi v hn thic
+ Chp hnh ung quy trnh, quy phm trong Thc hnh Hn c bn
+ Rn luyn tnh k lut, cn thn, t m ca hc sinh

NI DUNG
Thi gian
S
Tn cc bi trong m un Tng L Thc Kim
TT
s thuyt hnh tra*
1 Hn in h quang 15 0 15 0
2 Hn hi 15 0 14 1
3 Hn thic 15 0 14 1
Cng: 45 0 43 2
* Ghi ch: Thi gian kim tra c tch hp gia l thuyt vi thc hnh c tnh
bng gi thc hnh

IU KIN THC HIN

- Cc loi my hn xoay chiu v 1 chiu
- Cc loi vt liu hn:
+ Phi hn: thp dt (50 x 5)mm; Thp dt (30 x 2,5)mm; thp tm dy 8mm
+ Que hn thp: 2,6; 3,2mm
- g cc loi
- Cc loi my ph tr: My khoan bn, my mi, my vt mp...
- Cc loi dng c hn: nh bua tay, bua g x, bn chi st...
- Cc loi dng c o: thc l, thc cun, dng cc loi...
- Cc loi trang thit b bo h: h thng hut khi, gng tay da, tp d da, knh
hn...
 Thi gian (gi)
BI 1: HN IN H QUANG Tng s Thc hnh
15 15

MC TIU
Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc s c kh nng:
- Trnh by khi nim c bn v hn in h quang.
- Vn hnh my hn in ung trnh t,yu cu k thut v an ton.
- Chn que hn,ch v phng php hn, di chuyn que hn thch hp.
- C c k nng c bn v hn gip mi, p ...vv h tr cho qu trnh sa
cha c kh t
NI DUNG

1- Khi nim v hn in h quang

- Khi nim
+ Hn h quang tay l mt trong nhng phng php hn nng chy dng nng
lng ca h quang in nung nng kim loi ch cn ni n trng thi chy sau
khi kt tinh s to thnh mi hn ni cc chi tit thnh mt lin kt bn vng.
+ Trong qu trnh hn, mi thao tc nh: Gy h quang, dch chuyn que hn
duy tr chiu di h quang, dao ng to ra chiu rng cn thit cho mi hn cng
nh chuyn ng dc trc hn ht ng hn u do ngi th thc hin bng tay.
- c im:
+ c s dng rng ri tt c cc nc do c tnh linh ng cao, tin li v
a nng.
+ Cho php hn c mi v tr trong khng gian.
+ Thit b hn d vn hnh, sa cha, bo dng, mc u t thp.
+ Nng sut hn khng cao do thao tc bng tay, cht lng mi hn ph thuc
vo tay ngh ngi th.
+ iu kin lm vic khng tt (do chu tc ng trc tip ca mi trng khi
v nh sng ca h quang)
2- My hn v thit b ph tr
2.1- My hn in xoay chiu
My hn xoay chiu gm c my hn s dng dng in mt pha v dng ba
pha. My hn dng in ba pha c u im hn my hn mt pha v h quang hn ba
pha chy n nh hn, mng in cung cp cho my chu ti ng u, nng sut cao
hn t 20 I 40% khi hn mt pha, tit kim nng lng in t 10 - 20%. Vi thc t,
yu cu sn xut hin nay cn s dng rng ri my hn xoay chiu mt pha.

1
 * Cu to my hn in xoay chiu mt pha iu chnh dng in hn tng cp
(HQ-24).

- Loi my hn ny chnh l bin th hn gim in th mng in t 220V

hoc 380V xung in th khng ti t 75 - 80V an ton cho ngi th khi s dng.
y cng chnh l my hn thay i s vng dy c cun dy in vo v dy in
ra hn. My hn gm: Mt gng t B c ghp bi nhiu l thp k thut in c
tm sn cch in chng dng in phuc, lm nhim v khp kn mch t thng,
nng hai cun dy s cp (W1) v th cp (W2).
- Mch s cp W1 in vo ph hp vi hai cp in p 220V, 380V ca li
in. Cun dy th cp W2 c nhiu cun ring u song song v ni tip vi nhau v
c ly ra nhiu u dy ni vi cc cc bulng thay i dng in tng cp t
70V n 240V.
* Nguyn l lm vic:
- Khi ng cu dao in c dng in I1 chy qua cun dy s cp W1, to ra
t thng bin thin trong khung t ca my, t thng B chy trong li thp t gy
nn cun W2 mt sut in ng cm ng v to ra in p U2, tr s U2 ph thuc
vo s vng dy ly ra.
+ Luc cha hn: Ih = 0
Ukt = 80 V Ih- cng dng in hn,
Ukt- in th khng ti.
+ Khi hn: Ih 0 (ph thuc vo ngi th iu chnh).
Uh = U2
+ Qu trnh ngn mch (luc to h quang).
Ih = I = (1,3 I 1,4). Ih; Uh 0
.
U1
1

2
W1
3

4 W2 U2

Hnh 2.1- S nguyn l my hn xoay chiu HQ - 24

- Cch iu chnh cng dng in hn:
Ngi ta da vo h s ca bin th iu chnh cng dng in hn theo
cng thc: W1 = I2 I2 = I1.W1
W2 I1 W2

2
 Vy thay i s vng dy trn cun th cp W2 ta c th iu chnh c
cng dng in hn. thun tin cho vic iu chnh s vng dy W2 ngi ta
ly ra nhiu u dy v b tr gn trn cc cc bu lng dng cu ni thay i s
vng dy trn cun W2 tng ng c dng in nh n ln. Phm vi iu chnh t
70V n 240V.

2.2- My hn mt chiu dng chnh lu.

* Cu to chung:
My hn bng dng in chnh lu gm c hai b phn chnh: my bin th hn
v b chnh lu dng in. My bin th hon ton ging nh my hn xoay chiu. B
chnh lu c b tr trn mch th cp ca my bin th v thng l dng chnh lu
slen v silic. Tc dng ca b chnh lu l bin dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in
mt chiu n nh hn. C hai loi my hn chnh lu mt pha v ba pha.
- S cu to my hn dng chnh lu mt pha.
uh

2 t
W _ +
U

1
Uh

Hnh 2.2- S nguyn l my hn chnh lu mt pha

* Nguyn l my hn chnh lu 1 pha:
Trong na chu k th nht chnh lu cho dng in i qua 1 v 3, trong na chu
k th hai chnh lu ch cho dng in i qua 2 v 4. Nh vy trong ton b chu k,
dng in hn ch i theo mt hng nht nh cho nn qu trnh hn h quang chy
n nh.
2.3 - Kt ni thit b dng c hn
2.3.1 - u my vi ngun in
- Trc khi u phi c hng dn s dng ph hp vi ngun in

3
 - Ty tng loi my ngun in 1 pha, 2 pha, hay 3 pha ta u vi ngun in
cho tng thch
2.3.2 - u cp vi my
- Nu my hn 1 chiu phi xc nh xem cn u thun hay u nghch
- m bo cc u ct phi c u cht trnh m ve v sinh nhit

Hnh 2.3.2 - u cp hn vi my hn

2.3.3- Kim tra mch in u vo

Hnh 2.3.3 Kim tra mch in u vo

- Kim tra cng tc ngun in vo my v tr OFF
- Kim tra cu dao in ca mng in dn vo
- Kim tra dy tip t ca my
- Sit cht cc vt, bu lng ca dy dn vo my.
2.3.4- Kim tra mch in u ra
- Kim tra u ni ca cp hn
- Ni dy mt vi bn hn
4
 - Lp que hn vung gc vi km hn
2.3.5- iu chnh ch hn cho ph hp
- ng cu dao in vo my
- Bt cng tc in trn my (ON)
- Xoay tay quay iu chnh dng in theo vch s ch trn my hn
- Cho u que hn tip xuc vi vt hn (Cm knh bo v mt khi th)
- Kim tra ch s ch dng in hn trn my. (130 A)
- iu chnh th : iu chnh v cp
- iu chnh tinh: iu chnh trn sun t

Hnh 2.3.5 My hn iu chnh v cp

3- Cc loi mi hn v chun b mp hn
*Hnh dng kch thc vng hn ph thuc nhiu yu t nh cng sut ngun
nhit, phng php v ch hn, loi dng in v kiu ni dy, tnh cht l nhit
ca vt liu
h
K

5
Mt chnh
Chn
mi hn
Cnh mi hn
 Hnh 3.1- Mi hn gip mi (a) v mi hn gc (b)
Khi ngun nhit chuyn ng dc theo mp hn, vng hn cng chuyn ng
theo li lin kt kim loi pha sau n gi l mi hn.
Theo hnh dng mt ct ngang, ngi ta phn bit cc mi hn nng chy thnh
hai loi. Mi hn gip mi v mi hn gc (Hnh 3-1.) gii thiu mi hn gip mi,
mi hn gc v cc b phn ca chung.
- Mi hn gip mi (hnh 3-1) c c trng bng cc kch thc chiu rng b,
chiu cao h (h chnh l ngu mi hn), chiu cao phn nh e. Hnh dng ca mi
hn c coi l hp l khi t s b/h (h s ngu) c gi tr t 0,84. Cn t s b/e (h s
hnh dng) dao ng trong khong 710.
- Mi hn gc (hnh 3-2) mi hn c tit din ngang l mt tam gic vung cn
cnh l k. Do nhiu yu t cng ngh v k thut thc hin m mi hn gc c th c
dng b mt khc nhau.
K

K
K

K K K K1>K

a) b) c) d)

Hnh 3.2- Cc loi mi hn gc.

a) Mi hn gc c b mt phng; b) Mi hn gc c b mt li
c) Mi hn gc c b mt lm; d) Mi hn gc khng u cnh.
Cc mi hn nng chy c th hn mt lp hay nhiu lp, lin tc hay gin
on, mt pha hay hai pha (Hnh 3-3).

6
 Hnh 3.3- Mi hn mt lp v mi hn nhiu lp
Trn c s mi hn gip mi, mi hn gc ngi ta c th to ra lin kt hn
khc nhau (Hnh 3.4)

7
 2
1
1 1
2

2
1
1 2 2
1

2 1

Hnh 3.4 - Mt s lin kt hn in hnh.

a. Lin kt hn gip mi; b. Lin kt hn gc ch T;
c. Lin kt hn gc L; d. Lin kt hn cht; e) Lin kt hn chng.
Nh vy lin kt hn c hiu l b phn ca kt cu gm cc chi tit ring
bit ni li vi nhau bng hn. B phn ny c quy c bao gm mi hn, vng nh
hng nhit v mt phn kim loi c bn.
S phn bit mi hn, lin kt hn chi php hiu mt cch r rng hn v t
chc kim loi cng nh tnh cht ca mi hn v vng nh hng nhit lm c s
c gii php cng ngh hp l nht nhm nng cao cht lng v tin cy cho kt
cu hn.
* Chun b mp hn
- Nn phng phi, kim tra kch thc phi, kch thc mp vt, lm sch mp
hn v b mt phi bng gia v bn chi st

- Mi hn gip mi khng vt mp.

b
h

a
S

b
Hnh 3.5- Kkhe h hn khng vt cnh
S 1 2 3 4 5 6
b 4 5 6 8 10
a 0 + 0,5 1 0,5 2 0,5
h 1 - 0,5

Bng: Cc thng s c th hn gip mi

- S chun b v kch thc mi hn hnh ch T khng vt cnh
8
 S

0+2

K
K
S

Bng: Cc thng s c th hn gc ch T

S 2-3 4-6 7-9 10 - 12 14 - 16 18 - 22 23 - 30

K(tr s
2 3 4 5 6 8 10
nh nht)

4-Ch hn
Ch hn l tng hp cc tnh cht c bn ca qu trnh hn nhn c
mi hn c hnh dng, kch thc, cht lng mong mun. c trng ch hn gm
cc yu t sau:
4.1- ng knh que hn d(mm).
nng cao hiu sut, c th chn que hn c ng knh tng i ln.
Nhng chn que hn c ng knh ln d hnh thnh mi hn khng ngu tng thm
cng lao ng ca ngi th. Cho nn phi chn que hn c ng knh ph hp.
Chn ng knh que hn ph thuc cc yu t sau:
+ Chiu dy vt hn nu vt hn c chiu dy tng i ln nn chn cc que
hn c ng knh tng i ln.
+ Loi u ni mi hn ghp gc nn chn loi que hn c ng knh tng
i ln.
+ V tr mi hn trong khng gian, khi hn bng nn chn que hn c ng
knh ln hn so vi cc v tr khc mt t, khi hn ng chn que hn c ng knh
khng qu 5 mm, khi hn nga, hn ngang khng qu 4 mm. Nh vy to thnh vy
hn tng i nh, gim kim loi nh xung di.
+ Th t lp hn: Lp th nht nn chn que hn c ng knh d 3mm. T
lp th hai cn c vo chiu dy vt hn c th chn que hn c ng knh d = 4-5
mm.
Trong trng hp chung, quan h ng knh que hn v chiu dy vt lun c
th dng cng thc sau:
Mi hn gip mi: d = S/2 +1
Mi hn ghp gc: d = K/2 +2
Trong : d l ng knh que hn (mm)
S l chiu dy vt hn (mm)
9
 K l cnh mi hn (mm)
4.2 - Cng dng in hn(Ih).
* Khi hn vic nng cao dng in hn mt cch thch ng c th tng nhanh
tc nng chy ca que hn, c li cho vic nng cao hiu sut. Nhng nu dng
in hn qu ln, d lm cho mi hn chy cnh, thm ch chy thng kim loi lm
thay i t chc kim loi mi hn.
* Nu dng in hn qu nh, th kim loi vt hn d nhit y d lm cho
mi hn khng ngu ln x, lm gim c tnh mi hn. Cn c vo cc yu t sau
chn dng in hn: Loi que hn ng knh que hn chiu dy vt hn, th t lp
hn, v tr mi hn. Bng phng php tnh ton gn ung khi hn thp v tr hn
bng c th dng cng thc sau:
I = ( + .d).d (Ampe)
Trong : , l h s thc nghim khi hn que hn thp = 20; = 6
d l ng knh que hn (mm)
Nu chiu dy vt hn S > 3d m bo ngu tng dng in hn 15%.
Nu vt hn mng S < 1,5d gim dng in xung 15%
4.3- in th h quang(Uh).
Do chiu di h quang quyt nh, h quang di in th cao, h quang ngn
in th thp.
Nu h quang di th chy khng n nh d b lc nhit h quang khng tp
trung, kim loi nng chy d b bn to ra ngoi, mi hn khng ngu, d sinh ra
khuyt tt chy cnh, cc th kh xy, ni t trong mi trng xm nhp vo mi hn
lm mi hn r hi. Khi hn thng duy tr h quang c chiu di t 2 - 4mm.
4.4- S lp hn (n)
i vi chi tit c chiu dy S 6mm th phi vt mp m bo ngu. Do
khi hn phi nhiu lp nhiu ng.
S lp hn xc nh cng thc sau: n = F - F0 + 1 (lp)
Fn
Trong : n l s lp hn
F l din tch tit din ngang kim loi mi hn.
bS
- Mi hn gip mi F = mm2 , b l b rng mi hn, S l chiu dy vt hn.
2
K 2 Ky
- Mi hn gc F = mm2
2
Trong : Ky l h s tnh n khe h v phn li mi hn Ky = (1,1 1,5).
F0 l din tch tit din ngang lp hn th nht F0 = (8 12)d (mm2)
4.5- Vn tc hn(Vh).
L tc di chuyn que hn v pha trc; n nh hng trc tip n hiu sut
v cht lng mi hn.
Nu tc hn ln: mi hn khng ngu, r x...
10
 Nu tc hn chm c th chy thng kim loi vng hn, mi hn to hoc g
cao...
L
Vn tc hn c tnh theo cng thc sau: Vh (cm / s )
t
Trong ; L l chiu di mi hn (cm); t l thi gian hn (s)
.Ih
Hoc vn tc hn tnh theo cng thc: Vh
3600 . .F
Trong : h s p kim loi nng chy tnh (g/A.h); = 8 12
: khi lng ring kim loi = 7,85 (g/cm3)
Khi hn nhiu lp F 40 mm2; Ih: dng in hn (A)
* V d:
Vt liu hn - Thp CT3, KT: 250x100x6 (mm).
- ng knh que hn:
s
Khi hn gip mi p dng cng thc: d 1 (mm). (chn 3,2 mm.)
2
Trong : d ng knh que hn, (S) chiu dy vt hn.
- Cng dng in hn:
Theo cng thc h = ( +;d) d (A).
h = (20+ 6x3,2)x3,2 = 125.5 (A), Chn 130 (A)
Trong : h l dng in hn
v;d l h s thc nghim, =20, = 6.
d l ng knh que hn.
c dlhq
- in p hn: Uh = a + blhq + (V)
Ih
Trong :
Uh -l in p hn (v)
lhq - l chiu di ct h quang (mm) t 2-4(mm), Chn 3(mm).
Ih - Cng dng in hn (A). Chn 130(A)
a - l in p trn a-nt v ca tt (a= 15 20 v). Ly 20 (V)
b - l in p ri trn mt n v chiu di ca ct h quang
(b=15,7v/cm).
c v d cc h s (c= 9,4v, d= 2,5 v/cm).
- Vn tc hn.
.I
Vh = d h (m/h)
.Fd
Trong :
- l h s p ( g/A.h).
F - L tit din p (cm2).
- l trng lng ring ca vt liu hn (i vi thp = 7,85 g/cm3).
Ih Cng dng in hn (A)
11
 5 - Cc dng sai hng v bin php khc phc
5.1 - Nt
Nt xy ra bn trong v bn ngoi ca mi hn.
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Do hm lng lu hunh, pht pho trong kim loi vt hn v que hn qu
nhiu.
+ cng vt hn ln v cng dng in hn ln.
+ Khi hn dng in hn ln v kt thuc ng hn khng in y, sau khi co
ngt th rnh h quang xut hin ng nt cui ng hn.
- Bin php phng trnh:
+ Chn que hn v vt hn c hm lng P, S ph hp
+ Chn dng in hn thch hp
5.2- Khng ngu
- Nguyn nhn.
+ Khng lm sch x hn kim loi trit .
+ Cng dng in hn v chiu di h quang ln.
+ Chuyn ng que hn nhanh v gc hp.
- Bin php phng trnh
+ Phi v sinh vt hn sch trc khi hn
+ iu chnh dng in hn v gc que hn hp l
5.3 - Khuyt cnh
- Nguyn nhn.
+ Do chuyn ng que hn khng dng li hai bn mi hn.
+ Do cng dng in hn ln v gc a que hn khng hp l.
- Bin php phng trnh
+ Dao ng que hn sang hai bn phi c im dng.
+ Chn dng in hn hp l
5.4 - Vn cc
- Nguyn nhn.
+ Do cng dng in hn ln, chuyn ng que hn chm, gc que hn
khng hp l
- Bin php phng trnh
+ Chn dng in hn v chuyn ng que hn hp l.
+ Gc que hn chnh xc.
5.5- Ln x, l hi
- Nguyn nhn
+ B mt kim loi b han r, khng lm sch x lp hn u, que hn b m.
+ Vn tc hn nhanh, que hn chuyn ng gc hp.
- Bin php phng trnh
+ B mt vt hn phi c lm sch g, que hn phi c sy trc khi hn.
+ Vn tc hn v chuyn ng que hn chnh xc.

12
 6- Thc hnh hn, ct
Hn c ng dng nhiu trong thc t, v c nhiu u im, d thao tc. Sau
khi kim loi nng chy, nhng git kim loi da vo trng lng ca bn thn nh vo
vng nng chy mt cch d dng. Ngi th d quan st vng nng chy kim loi,
ngi th quan st khng mt mi, c th dng que hn v dng in tng i ln,
nh vy nng cao nng sut lao ng, cht lng mi hn cao
- Hn ng thng : C th khng vt cnh hoc c th vt cnh. Vic hn nh
c nh hng cht lng mi hn; yu cu mi hn nh chc ngu, khng g cao, s
lng mi nh n = L/LKC + 1.
Trong L chiu di mi hn (mm).
Lkc khong cch hai mi nh LKC = (40 50).S khng vt qu 300mm; S l
chiu dy vt hn.
Chiu di mi hn nh L = (3 4).S.
Khi hn nh thng dng que hn d = 3mm, tng dng in hn nh (15
20)% so vi hn bng.
Tin hnh hn mt khng c mi nh trc, a que hn theo hnh ng
thng khi S < 3mm v a hnh rng ca, bn nguyt khi S 4mm; gc que hn so
vi trc hn theo hng hn (60 75)o; so vi hai mt bn 90o. Khi hn ngi th
quan st vng nng chy iu chnh tc hp l; duy tr h quang ngn Lhq=(2
4)mm. i vi chi tit c chiu dy S 6mm vt ch V, v S 12mm vt ch X.
6.1 - Lp que hn

Hnh 6.1- Lp que hn

6.2 - iu chnh cng dng in hn
- ng cu dao in vo my.
- Chnh Ih = 130 140 (A).
- Kim tra dng in hn.

Hnh 6.2- iu chnh dng in hn

13
 6.3 - Thc hin hn
- t chi tit ln bn hn song song vi v tr ngi.
- Gy h quang v tin hnh hn t mp ng vch du vo, sao cho trc que
hn hp vi trc ng hn mt gc v hp vi mt phng hai bn mt gc .

Hinh 6.3 - Gc nghing que hn khi tin hnh hn 1 ng

ng thi chuyn ng que hn theo bn nguyt hoc hnh rng ca. (Knh hn
t cch xa so vi vt hn khong (400 500) mm, mt lun chu vo ct h quang
v gi chiu di h quang (2 3)mm).
Gc = 75 85; gc = 90.
- Di chuyn ng hn sang hai bn v dng mt t pha ngoi ng hn.
- B rng vi chuyn ng ngang que hn khong 3 ln ng knh que hn
(89 mm).
- Kt thuc ng hn.
Dng h quang ngt qung rnh h quang in
y cui ng hn.
- u ni mi hn.
Lm sch x hn ti ch ni khong 15 20
mm, gy h quang pha sau vng hn, sau a
que hn ln pha trn im ni, iu chnh cho kim
loi in y rnh h quang v di chuyn que hn
theo hng hn.

6.4 - Trnh t thc hin hn

Ni dung
TT Dng c - thit b Hnh v minh ho Yu cu k thut
cng vic
1 Chun b - Thc l 500 - Nm c cc
- Phn kch thc c bn.
- Hiu c yu
cu k thut
2 Kim tra - Dng c cm tay : - Phi phng thng
tnh trng Km, tucnvt, Cl, khng b ba via
cch in - Phi ng kch
m lt, hp dng c
v in thc.
p;iu vn nng; cc loi - Chn ch hn
14
 chnh ch dng c o kim. hp l.
- Thit b: My hn - Mi nh nh gn,
xoay chiu, my hn chc, ung v tr.
mt chiu, bn hn a
nng
3 Tin hnh - Dng c bo h - m bo an ton
hn. - Thit b: My hn cho ngi v thit
xoay chiu, my hn b.
- Ngi ng t
mt chiu, bn hn a
th, que hn ng
nng gc .
- Bt u v kt
thc ng hn
ung k thut

4 Kim tra Thc, dng, dng - Pht hin c

mi hn c lm sch. cc khuyt tt ca
mi hn

6.5- An ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng.

- Trang b y bo h lao ng: Mt n hn, knh bo h, m da, dy da,
ng che chn, che tay
- Bnh chng chy.

a)
b) c)

Hnh 2.11.1- Cc loi trang b bo h lao ng f

d e bo h; c) giy da;
a) Mt n hn; b) knh
15
d) ym da; e) ng che tay chn; f) gng tay

16
 Thi gian (gi)
BI 2: HN HI Tng s Thc hnh Kim tra
15 14 1

MC TIU
Hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng
- Trnh by c phng php,chun b vt hn ,chn ch hn thch hp.
- Trnh by k thut hn bng ngn la kh.
- Hn c mt s chi tit hn n gin, ung trnh t,yu cu k thut v m
bo an ton.
NI DUNG
1- Khi nim
Hn kh l qu trnh nung nng kim loi ch cn ni v que hn ph (nu c)
n trng thi nng chy bng ngn la ca kh chy vi xy (O2).

Hnh 1.1- S n gin ca qu trnh hn kh

Ngn la hn 2 ca hn hp kh chy vi xy i ra t m hn 3 s lm nng
chy ch cn ni ca cc chi tit 1 v que hn ph 4 to thnh vng hn 5. Sau khi
ngn la hn i qua, kim loi lng ca vng hn kt tinh li to thnh mi hn 6. Ngn
la ca kh chy axtylen (C2H2) vi xy c th t c nhit t 3200 n 34850C.
Qu trnh hn kh c th cn hoc khng cn b sung kim loi cho vng hn thng qua
que hn ph.
Ngoi chc nng chnh l to ra ngun nhit hn, ngn la hn cn c tc dng
bo v cho vng hn khi nhng nh hng xu ca mi trng xung quanh nhm
nng cao cht lng mi hn.
2- Ngn la hn
2.1- Ngn la bnh thng
O2
Khi t l: 1,1 n 1,2
C2 H 2
17
 Ngn la OXy-A X TY LEN

2L Vng chy khng

hon ton: C0 ; H2 ; H

3100

2mm

Vng -xy ho: CO2; H2O; OH

Nhn
ngn la T l tiu th (Oxy/Ace): A = 1,1 ti 1,2`
10

Ngn la ny chia ra lm ba vng:

- Vng ht nhn: C mu sng trng, nhit lng thp v trong c cc bon t
do nn khng dng hn v lm mi hn thm cc bon tr nn gin.
- Vng chy khng hon ton: C mu sng xanh, nhit cao (3200 0C) c CO
v H2 l hai cht kh xy nn gi l vng hon nguyn hoc vng chy cha hon
ton.
- Vng chy hon ton: C mu nu sm nhit thp, c C2 v nc l nhng
cht kh s xy ha kim loi, v th cn gi l vng xy ha ui ngn la, cc bon
b chy hon ton nn gi l vng chy hon ton.
2.2- Ngn la xy ha

Khi t l: O2
1,2
C2 H 2

Tnh cht hon nguyn ca ngn la b mt, kh chy s mang tnh cht xy ha
nn gi l ngn la xy ha, luc ny nhn ngn la ngn li, vng gia v vng c
bit khng r rng ngn la ny c mu sng trng.
2.3- Ngn la cc bon ha
O2
Khi t l: 1,1
C2 H 2

18
 Vng ngn la tha cc bon t do v mang cc bon ha, luc ny nhn ngn la
ko di v nhp vo vng gia c mu nu sm.
Qua s phn b v thnh phn v nhit ca ngn la hn, p dng ngn la
hn nh sau:
Ngn la bnh thng c tc dng tt vng cch nhn ngn la t 2 3mm c
nhit cao nht thnh phn ca kh hon nguyn (CO v H2 nn dng hn).
Ngn la cc bon ha dng khi hn gang (b sung cc bon khi hn b chy). Ti
b mt, hn p thp cao tc, v hp kim ng thau, ct hi, t sch b mt.
3- K thut hn kim loi bng ngn la kh
3.1- Cc loi mi hn
- Cn c vo hnh dng chi tit, v tr mi hn trong khng gian, trong hn kh
thng dng nht l mi hn gip mi. Khi hn vt mng dng mi hn kiu cun
mp v khng cn que hn ph khi hn vt dy >5mm cn vt mp ch V hoc ch
X, s bin dng khi hn loi vt mp ch X t hn so vi vt mp ch V.
- Mi hn chng dng khi hn vt c chiu dy >3mm, khi hn nh cc tm
thi, tm lt khi chiu dy ln khng dng mi ny v bin dng ln c th b nt.
- Mi hn ng v hn gc cng nh mi hn chng ch dng hn cc vt
mng khng vt mp, khi hn gc, mi hn c 3 loi bng mt, li mt, lm mt.
- Cng nh hn h quang, ty theo v tr mi hn trong khng gian ngi ta
chia ra: hn bng, hn ng, hn ngang, hn trn.
3.2- Chun b vt hn
Trc khi hn nn cn vt mp i vi kim loi c chiu dy ln, lm sch mp
hn v khu vc xung quanh mi hn rng 20 30mm mi pha. Mp hn trc khi
hn phi lm sch r, xt v du m.
Vt trc khi hn cn chn g lp hp l v hn nh mt s im m bo
v tr tng i ca kt cu trc khi hn. Th t v khong cch cc mi nh ph
thuc vo b dy trnh cong vnh, c th tin hnh nh theo th t sau:

19
 Hnh 3.2- Kch thc phi hn
3.3- Phng php hn
Cn c vo s chuyn dch ca m hn v que hn chia hn kh thnh hai
phng php:

Hnh 3.3- Phng php hn phi v hn tri

* Phng php hn phi
c im ca phng php ny l ngn la lun lun hng vo b hn nn
hu ht nhit lng tp trung vo lm chy kim loi vt hn. Trong qu trnh hn do p
sut ca ngn la m kim loi ca b hn lun lun c xo trn u to iu kin
cho x ni ln tt hn. Mt khc do ngn la bao bc ln b hn nn mi hn c bo
v tt hn, ngui chm v gim c ng sut v bin dng do qu trnh hn gy ra.
Phng php ny thng hn cc chi tit c >5mm hoc nhng vt c nhit
nng chy cao.
* Phng php hn tri
Phng php ny c c im hu nh ngc li vi phng php hn phi,
trong qu trnh hn ngn la khng hng trc tip vo b hn, do ngn la tp
trung vo y t hn. B hn t c xo trn nhiu v x kh ni ln hn. Ngoi ra
iu kin bo v mi hn khng tt, tc ngui ca kim loi ln, ng sut v bin
dng sinh ra ln hn so vi phng php hn phi. Tuy nhin trong phng php hn
tri ngi th hn rt d quan st mp vt hn v th mi hn, u, p, nng sut cao.

20
 - Phng php ny thng hn cc chi tit c <5mm hoc nhng vt liu c
nhit nng chy thp.
- Thc t chng minh vt hn c <3mm th tt nht dng phng php hn
tri. Vt hn c >5mm dng phng php hn phi.
- Chn phng php hn ty thuc vo v tr mi hn trong khng gian. Khi m
hn bng c th hn phi hoc hn tri ty thuc theo chiu dy vt hn. Khi hn ng
t di ln nn hn tri, nhng vt hn c >8mm nn hn phi. Khi hn ngang nn
hn phi v ngn la hn hng trc tip vo mi hn v c tc dng gi git kim loi
khng b ri. Khi hn trn tt nht hn tri.
4-Thc hnh hn.
4.1- Hn gip mi
4.1.1- iu kin thc hin bi hc
* Dng c - Thit b
+ Dng c cm tay: Km rn, tuc n vt, cl, m lt, hp dng c vn nng, bt
la.
+ Thit b: Van gim p n cp, ng dn kh, chai kh xy, chai kh axtylen,
v m hn hi.
* Cc iu kin khc: Gio trnh K thut hn kh, ti liu tham kho, my
chiu a nng, my chiu vt th, my tnh, xng thc hnh, t ng dng c, trang
b BHL.
4.1.2- Trnh t thc hin hn
Ni dung Dng c
TT Hnh v minh ha Yu cu k thut
cng vic thit b
1 c bn v - Nm c cc
kch thc c
bn.
- Hiu c yu
cu k thut

21
 2 - Kim tra - Thc l - Phi phng,
phi. - Bn chi st thng khng b
- Chun b - B thng bavia.
thit b, g pp hn. - Phi ung kch
nh phi thc.
- B nh la
- Chn ch hn
- Chai oxy, hp l.
chai axtylen
- Mi nh nh
- Van gim p gn, chc, ung v
- M hn tr.

3 Tin hnh - Bn chi st - m bo an

hn - B thng ton cho ngi v
pp hn. thit b.

- B nh la - Ngi ung t
th, m hn v
- Chai oxy, dy hn dao ng
chai axtylen ung k thut.
- Van gim p
- M hn
4 Kim tra sn - Thc l - Pht hin c
phm - Dng kim cc khuyt tt ca
tra mi hn.

4.2- Hn gc ch T
4.2.1- iu kin thc hin bi hc
* Dng c - thit b: Dng c, thit b hn kh
* Nguyn vt liu:
Kh xy, kh axtylen ng chai t tiu chun an ton v sinh cng nghip.
* Cc iu kin khc: Gio trnh K thut hn, my chiu a nng, my chiu
vt th, my tnh, xng thc hnh, t ng dng c, trang b BHL.

4.2.2- Trnh t thc hin hn

Ni dung Dng c Yu cu k
TT Hnh v minh ha
cng vic thit b thut

22
1 c bn v - Nm c cc
kch thc c
bn.
- Hiu c yu
cu k thut.
2 - Kim tra - Thc l - phi phng,
phi, chun 500 thng khng b
b mo hn. - Bn chi bavia, ung
- G nh. st kch thc.
- Gc lp ghp
900
- Mi hn nh
nh gn,
bn, ung v tr.
- Chn ch
hnh hp l.

3 Tin hnh - B thng - m bo an

hn pp hn. ton cho ngi
- B nh v thit b.
la - Dao ng m
- Chai oxy, hn v dy hn
chai ph hp l.
axtylen
- Van gim
p
- M hn
4 Kim tra sn - Thc l - Pht hin
phm - Dng c cc
kim tra khuyt tt ca
mi hn.

23
24
 Thi gian (gi)
BI 3: HN THIC Tng s Thc hnh Kim tra
15 14 1

MC TIU
Sau khi hc xong bi hc ny ngi hc s c kh nng
- Trnh by c cng dng v c im ca dng c,nguyn vt liu dng
hn thic.
- S dng v bo qun c m hn v n kh ung yu cu k thut v an
ton.
- Chun b chi tit hn sch ht cc vt du m, ht lp -xy ho b mt bng
cc dung dch kim, bn chi, da, mi co hoc bng cc phng php lm sch khc.
- Chn ung ch hn nh: nhit nung, tc nung, thi gian gi nhit.
ph hp vi tng loi vt liu hn.
- Hn cc mi hn thic, m bo trn lng tt, kim loi vy hn bm chc
vo kim loi vt hn, khng b bt kh, ln x, chy vy hn.
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng

NI DUNG
1- Khi nim
1.1- Khi nim hn thic
- Hn thic l phng php ni cc chi tit li vi nhau nh mt kim loi hoc
mt hp kim trung gian gi l vy hn. Trong qu trnh hn nung nng vt hn n
nhit tng ng nhit chy ca vy hn, vy hn b chy nhng kim loi vt
hn th khng chy, kim loi vt hn khuch tn thm thu vo vt hn to thnh mi
hn.
- Kim loi vy hn c nhit nng chy thp hn kim loi vt hn, khi nhit
kim loi vy nng chy cn kim loi vt hn cha nng chy th kim loi vy hn
khuch tn vo kim loi vt hn, khi ngui to thnh mi hn. Nh vy hn vy l
phng php hn lin kt hai chi tit di gc phn t nh kim loi vy hn lm
trung gian.

Vt hn Vy hn thic

Vt hn

Hnh 1.1- Mi hn thic.

25
 - Cn c vo nhit nng chy, vy hn chia lm hai loi:
+ Hn vy mm: Vy hn c nhit nng chy t < 450oC.
+ Vy hn c nhit t 450oC.
1.2- c im
- Hn vy c th tin hnh trong l c kh bo v, hn trong chn khng hoc
trong l mui, do khng yu cu thuc hn.
- Tnh kinh t cao, bo m c mi hn phng, p.
- Sau khi hn vy khng cn gia cng c kh. Chi tit hn vy khng c ng
sut cc b nh hn bng cc phng php khc.
- Trong sn xut hng khi tt c cc chi tit hn u c cht lng ging nhau.
- Hn vy c th ch to c nhng sn phm m cc phng php khc
khng lm c.
- Khng yu cu trnh cng nhn cao.
- Phng php hn vy c th nng cao nng sut lao ng, c bit trong sn
xut hng khi, nhng sn phm hn nhiu mi hn cng mt luc.
2- Dng c,vt liu v thit b dng hn thic
2.1- M hn nung in: C nhit cao nht 350oC cho hn vy thic

Hnh 2.1- M hn nung in

2.2- M hn in tr: C nhit cao nht 350oC dng cho hn vy thic
nhng nhit lng c cung ng tc thi v vy loi ny tin li khi hn cc chi tit
nh nh linh kin in t.

Hnh 2.2- M hn in tr

26
 2.3- M hn nung l: L loi m th cng, khi hn phi nung trn l than, khi
nhit mi em hn, khi nhit mi em hn, khi ngui phi nung li

Hnh 2.3- M hn nung l

2.4- L rn: S dng nhit lng ca cacbon ha thch chy trong xy t nhin
nung vt hn ti nhit t hn 2000oC.
2.5- M hn hi oxy axetylen: S dng nhit ca axetylen chy vi oxy
hn, nhit lng khong 3200oC.

Hnh 2.5- M hn hi oxy axetylen

2.6- n kh: S dng hi xng du nung nng vt hn, nhit lng khong
650oC.

Hnh 2.6- n kh
- M hn sng vi ba: Dng sng in t lm nng chi tit ging nh ti cao
tn, nhit t ti 3500oC.
2.7- Thuc hn, thic hn
2.7.1- Thuc hn
Thuc hn thng dng nh nha thng, axit sunfuaric, hn the, sunfuaric
km c tc dng:

27
 + Lm sch cc oxit v bi bn b mt mp hn to iu kin cho vy hn
thm thu v khuych tn hnh thnh mi hn m bo bn ca mi hn tt nht.
+ Kh mng oxit kim loi trc tip trong qu trnh hn. S dng thuc hn l
bin php trc tip, tch cc kh mng oxit kim loi khi hn vy.

2.7.2-Thic hn :
L loi hp kim thic ch, loi ny thng dng khi hn st ty.
+ Thic hn c 7 loi: thic hn 30 (gm 30% Sn v 70% Pb), thic hn 25, 33,
40, 50, 60 v thic hn 90.
+ Loi thic hn 60 dng hn dng c in, nhit nng chy ca n l
190 C. Thic hn 90 dng hn cc dng c cha thc n v cha t ch, trnh b c
o

v.v

Hnh 2.7-.Thic hn
3- K thut hn thic bng m hn t (hoc m in tr)
3.1. Lm sch phi
- Dng mi co, bn chi st lm sch ht vt bn ,du m -xy ho trn
ng hn
- Thuc hn Zncl2 c pha ch bo ho
3.2. Lm sch m hn
- Dng gia lm sch ht lp -xy ho, thic cn bm trn m hn, c th dng
mui ZnCl2 ra sch u m hn.

ZnCl2

a) Thic cn bm trn m hn b) Ra sch u m hn

Hnh 3.2- Lm sch m hn

28
 3.3- Nung m hn
Nhm l cho l chy n nh luc mi cho m hn vo t khi t nn cho
u bt thic ln pha trn, t n nhit khong 4000- 4500c, c th t m hn
bng ngun nhit ca ngn la hn kh, cng c th dng m hn in hn.
3.4- Qut thuc hn ln ng hn
- Dng chi lng nhung vo thuc hn, ri qut nh ln vng mi hn chu
qut thuc hn va ung chiu rng ng hn.

M hn
Thic hn

Hnh 3.4.1- Qut thuc ln vng Hnh 3.4.2- Hn

hn
3.5- Hn
M hn sau khi nung ung nhit , cho m hn bt thic bng cch cho m
hn vo thanh thic, thic s chy lng v bm vo m hn.
a m hn bt thic vo v tr mi hn, tt nht l v tr lng thuyn
chuyn ng m hn chm cho m hn va t nng vt hn n nhit hn, va
lm cho thic chy lng bm vo vt hn, ngi th phi quan st thic chy luc
mi dch chuyn m hn, khi ht thic trn m hn cng l luc m hn ngui, ta li
nung tip v tip tc hn cho ht ng hn.
3.6- Cc dng sai hng nguyn nhn v bin php phng nga
* Mi hn khng ngu:
- Nguyn nhn:Nung m hn khng ung nhit , chuyn ng m hn
nhanh, lm sch cha tt.
- Bin php phng nga: - Nung m hn ung nhit quy nh, tuyt i
chp hnh vic lm sch trc khi hn, lun lun quan st tnh hnh nng chy ca
vng hn iu chnh tc hn
* Mi hn khng ung kch thc
- Nguyn nhn: Do khng lm sch ht vt bn v vt -xy ho trn ng
hn, hoc nung m hn cha ung nhit lm cho thic hn cha chy lng ht gy
nn ngm x
- Bin php phng nga: Khng ch chiu rng khi qut thuc hn ln
ng
* Mi hn ngm x:
- Nguyn nhn: Do khng lm sch ht vt bn v vt -xy ho trn phi hn
trc khi hn, hoc nung cha n nhit khi hn

29
 - Bin php phng nga: Nung m hn ung nhit , chp hnh tuyt i
cng tc lm sch
3.7- Lm sch kim tra cht lng mi hn
Sau khi hn xong dng dung dch xut 5% hoc nc ra sch mi hn trnh
thuc hn lm -xy ho mi hn.
Quan st bng mt kim tra mi hn c rong bng hay khng, c b r kh
ngm x hay khng
Kim tra kch thc mi hn bng thc
Sau dng du la v phn mu kim tra kn ca mi hn
4- K thut hn thic bng m hn kh
4.1- Chun b phi, vt liu hn
- Dng gia lm sch ht vt bn, vt -xy ho trn phn cn hn, mu hp kim
4.2- Tnh ch hn
- Dng pp hn s 3 hoc s 4 hn, cng sut ngn la 400-700 m3/h
- Chn que hn c ng knh d= 4mm
- Tc hn khi hn p cn m bo trong khong t 0,25-0,15m/ph khng
nn nh hn 0,15m/ph d gy r trong mi hn
- Chn gc nghing m hn = 300-600
4.3- Chn phng php hn
Chn phng php hn tri, que hn i trc m hn

Hnh 4.3- Phng php hn tri

4.4- Ly la v chn ngn la
Chn ngn la - xy ho hn
O2
T l: 1,2
C2 H 2

30
 Hnh 4.4- Ngn la xy ha
4.5- G phi hn
t phi hn ln b mt bn hn, t mu hp kim vo v tr cn hn sao cho
khe h gia mu hp kim v thnh xn ca cn dao khong 0,5-1mm.

0,51

Hnh 4.5- Khe h g phi hn

4.6- Tin hnh hn

- Chi tit p c t nng n nhit t 900- 9500 bng ngn la hn, sau
t nng que hn, cho que hn bt thuc hn, ri cho que hn vo v tr hn, u
que hn c nhung vo b kim loi lng, hoc cng c th sau khi t nng vt hn
th ri thuc hn ln ng hn
Quan st qua knh hn thy ng chy trn lng tt, in y khe h ng hn
l c.
4.7- Cc dng sai hng nguyn nhn v bin php phng nga
* Mi hn khng ngu:
- Nguyn nhn: Nung cha n nhit hn, vy ng khng c dt mng
trc khi hn, ng cha chy lng nhc ra khi l
- Bin php phng nga: Nung vt hn ung nhit quy nh, lun lun
quan st tnh hnh nng chy ca ng hn
* Mi hn ngm x:
- Nguyn nhn: Do khng lm sch ht vt bn v vt -xy ho trn phi hn
trc khi hn, hoc nung cha n nhit khi hn
- Bin php phng nga: Nung m hn ung nhit , chp hnh tuyt i
cng tc lm sch
4.8- Lm sch kim tra cht lng mi hn

31
 - Hn xong ch cho phi hn ngui, g sch x, dng bn chi st nh sch
trn b mt phi
- Dng nc sch hoc dung dch xut 5% ra sch chi tit hn
- Kim tra in y ca ng vo khe h ng hn
- Kim tra cht lng chy lng v cht lng b mt ca mi hn , kim tra
cc khuyt tt ca mi hn
5- An ton khi hn thic
- Mt bng thc tp b tr gn gng, ni lm vic c nh sng, h thng
thng gi, hut bi hot ng tt.
- Nn xng kh ro.
- Bo h lao ng y .
6- Thc hnh hn thic
6.1- Thc hnh hn m t(hoc m in tr)

Ni
dung Dng c
TT Hnh v minh ha Yu cu k thut
cng Thit b
vic
1 c bn - Nm c cc kch
v 180
li 3
thc c bn.
- Hiu c yu cu k
I thut
TL 2:1
180

I
5

2 - Kim - Bn chi - Dng gia lm sch ht

tra phi, st lp -xy ho, thic cn
chun b - Gia. bm trn m hn, c th
mp - B nh dng mui ZnCl2 ra
hn, m la sch u m hn.
hn - Chi
lng - Nung m hn trc khi
- M hn hn ti thiu l 5 phut
- Qut thuc hn va
ung chiu rng ng
hn
3 Tin - Bn chi - m bo an ton cho
hnh st ngi v thit b.
hn - Ngi ung t th, m
- Gia. hn v thic hn dao ng
32
 - Chi ung k thut.
M hn - m bo trn lng
lng
Thic hn tt, kim loi vy hn bm
- M hn
chc vo
kim loi vt hn, khng
b bt kh, ln x, chy
vy hn

4 Kim 180

tra - Pht hin c cc

khuyt tt ca mi
hn.

180
- Dng dung dch xut
5% hoc nc ra
5
sch mi hn.

6.2- Thc hnh hn m hn kh

Ni
dung Dng c
TT Hnh v minh ha Yu cu k thut
cng Thit b
vic
0,51 - Nm c cc kch thc
c bn c bn.
1 v - Hiu c yu cu k
thut

2 - Kim - Bn chi - Dng my mi,chi thp

tra phi, st 0,51 nh sch vng mi hn v
chun b cc mp hn tm hp kim.
- B thng
mp hn, - Pha bt B rc vi nc
pp hn.
m hn trng thi st.
- B nh - Bi u mt lp thuc hn
la ln b mt vt hn v mp
- Chai oxy, hn.
chai - Cng sut ngn la 250
axtylen lt/gi.
- Van gim - Ngn la xy ho.

33
 p
- M hn

3 Tin - Bn chi - m bo an ton cho

hnh hn st ngi v thit b.
- Nung chi tit,khi pht hin
- Gia.
chi tit c mu c chua thm
- Chi lng th tra dy hn vo(a dy
- M hn hn vo st cc k kim
- L rn loi vy hn thm thu vo
bn trong, thng xuyn
chm u que hn vo l B
rc kh.
- a que hn ph xung
quanh to hnh mi hn
- Hn vy ng mbo
trn lng tt, kim loi que
hn khuch tn vo kim loi
vt hn, khng b bt kh,
ln x.
- m bo an ton cho
ngi v thit b.
4 Kim tra - Dng nc m ra sch
sn mi hn.
phm - Pht hin c cc khuyt
tt ca mi hn

34
 TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Trng Cng t. Nm 1977. K thut hn. NXB KHKT
2. Lu Vn Huy, Tn Dn. Nm 2006. K thut Hn. NXB KHKT
3. Trn Hu Tng, Nguyn Nh T. Nm 1985. Hn kim loi mu v hp kim
mu. NXB KHKT

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