:

( )

50 , %40

1.3 ,

1.3

100

360,000 ,

BTU 140,000 () Holmes, 1993

 :

1920

.

1 :

100

( )

, 1983

( ) Kreith , 1994 ( ) 1

5 ppm

2 ppm

100 ppm

10 ppm

4000 ppm

100

( : ) 1
 - 2 :

. .

1 ( : , )

2 ( : , )

3 :

( ):

.
 - 1 :

( 100 - 50 (.

- 2 :

- 3 :

0.005 .
 - ( )

1 :

, .

20 30 .

- 2 :

( ) ( ) 1

( , , )

( , ).

( ) 1 : .
 - 3 :

( 0.3 ) 2

, ( . ) % 5

- 4 :

-:

1 ( )Acid-clay

- 2

- 3
 : ( : ) Acid Clay

( ) 350

) ( ) 250

( ) Bar 0.1

- 1 ( ) 180

- 2

- 3 ( ) % 98

- 4 ( ) Cao

( ) Cao

.
 ( - 5

)( ) 2 ( ) % 10 ( ) % 25 - 22

- 6 ( ) 290 -280

- 7 ( ) 120 .

- 8 ( ) Plate Filter Press

- 9 ( .) % 99

( ) Acid Tar .

( ) Acid Tar .

( . ) Acid Tar

( .) % 62.5

( : ) 2 ) ( Tonsile ( ) $ 550 - 500 (Sd

 - 2 :

( ) T - 1 A / B ( ) 100 80

24

24 ( ) P - 1

( ) EV - 1 ( ) HE - 1 ( ) 160

( ) EV - 1 ( ) C - 1 ( ) VP - 1

( ) C - 1

( ) T -2 .

( ) 160 ( ) P - 2

( ) EV - 2 ( ) Gas Oil ( ) HE - 2 ( 215

) ( ) Gas Oil ( ) VP 2 ( C

) - 2 ( ) Gas Oil

( ) T - 3 ( ) P - 9

( ) Gas Oil ( ) P - 3 ( HE - 3

) ( ) 330 320 ( ) EV - 3

( ) VP - 3 ( ) C - 3

( ) T - 4 ( ) P - 4
 ( ) T - 5 A/B

( ) P - 10

( ) P 5 ( ) Bleaching ( VP -

) 4 ( ) % 5 3

( ) 140 -130 ( ) P - 6 ( F -

) A / B ( ) Cooling ( T -

) 6 ( ) P - 7 ( .) T 8 A / B

- 1

- 2 .

- 3 .

- 4 ( .) %70
 3 :

.
 :

- 1 .

- 2 .

- 3 .

- 4 15.

- 5

- ( - ).

( - ).

- -

-:

( ) acid/ clay treatment

( 25 -20 ) 200000 175000

.
 ( / ) ( 25-20

) 250000 225000.

( ) ( -20

25 ) 325000 300000.

0.8387 0.910

195.5 148 ()

0 5 ()%

135 195.25 ( ) cst 37.8

0.89 1.43 ( ) wt %

0.308 1.7 ( ) wt %

0 7.353 ()%

1.397 931 ( ) ppm

3 205 ( ) ppm

4 118 ( ) ppm

101 85 ()

206 175 () % 10

307 330 ( ) % 90

( : ) 2
 :

: 1

1 - Holmes, G., B. R. Singh, and L. Theodore, 1993, Handbook of Environmental

Management and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.

2 - Kreith, F., 1994, Handbook of Solid Waste Management, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New

York, USA.

: 2

1 - www.arab-eng.org

2 - http://www.akafi.net

3 www.wikipedia.org