Ranganathan Polytechnic College

Thondamuthur Coimbatore
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
QUESTION BANK
Prepared by
A.Indhumathi, Lecturer/ECE
UNIT - I
1. Define Holding Current.
It is the maximum anode current, gate being open at which the SCR is
turned off from on condition.
2. What is Pulse transformer?
Pulse transformers are often used to couple a trigger pulse generator
to a SCR, in order to obtain electrical isolation between the two circuits.
3. What is SCR?
Silicon Controlled Rectifier is a three terminals (Anode, Cathode and
Gate), three junction and four layer semiconductor switching device.
4. What is IGBT?
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor is a three terminal power
semiconductor device. It is used as an electronic switch with high
efficiency and fast switching.
5. What is Triggering of an SCR?
Triggering is nothing but turned ON process of an SCR.
The SCR can be triggered (tuned ON) any one of the following methods.
Increasing forward voltage beyond breakdown voltage VBO.
Applying a positive voltage to gate with respect to cathode(Gate
control method)
6. What is Opto Coupler?
 An opto coupler used to isolate the low power control circuitry from a
high power load.
It consists of a light source, a light sensitive device and a switching device.
7. Define Latching current of an SCR.
Latching current is the minimum value of anode current required to
keep the SCR in the ON state after the gate signal is removed.
8. Define dv/dt rating
The dv/dt rating of an SCR indicates the maximum rate of rise of
anode voltage that will not trigger the SCR without any gate signal.
9. Define di/dt rating.
The di/dt rating of an SCR indicates the maximum allowable rate of
change of current which the SCR can withstand during its on state.

10. How is SCR turned OFF?

By giving reverse voltage to the gate-cathode terminal, the SCR will
turn OFF.
11. Define forward break over voltage of SCR.
The minimum forward voltage with gate open, at which SCR starts
conducting heavily (turn on) is called the Breakover voltage.
12. What is reverse blocking region in SCR?
In the reverse biased condition, the reverse voltage is gradually
increased, at a particular voltage avalanche breakdown occur. The region
before breakdown is called reverse blocking region.
13. What is forward conduction region?
By applying a gate signal to SCR, it will goes to heavy conduction in
the forward biased condition. This region is called as forward conduction
region.
14. Mention the types of triggering.
AC gate triggering
DC gate triggering
Pulsed gate triggering
15. Mention any three applications of SCR
 Emergency light
Automatic battery charger circuit
Large power supplies
16. Mention any three applications of MOSFET
Electronic DC relay
Switched mode power supply
Induction heating
17. Mention any three applications of IGBT
DC and AC motor drives.
Traction motor control
UPS system
18. Mention any three applications of GTO
Static breakers
High power inverters
Deep sea pump drives
19. Mention any two requirements of a gate triggering circuit
The SCR should be forward biased
Gate should be made positive with respect to cathode

20. What are the advantages of pulse train triggering?
Low heat is produced at the gate-cathode junction.
The size of gate isolation transformer is small.
Low dissipation in reverse biased state.
21. Write three advantages of GTO.
GTO has faster switching speed
It has lower size and weight & It has higher efficiency.
22. What is GTO? Draw its symbol.
A Gate Turn off Thyristor is a special type of thyristor, a high power
semiconductor device. It contains three terminals, namely Anode (A),
Cathode (K) and Gate (G).
23. Draw the symbol of SCR.

25. What is MOSFET?

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor is a very fast switching
transistor. It has three terminals called drain (D), source(S) and Gate(G).
26. Expand LASCR.
Light Activated SCR

27. Expand SBS.

Silicon bilateral Switch
27. Expand SUS.
Silicon Unilateral Switch
 UNIT-II
1. What is Converter?
A circuit used for converting AC into DC is called converter or
rectifier.
2. What is Controlled converter?
A circuit used for converting AC into DC by using SCRs is popularly
known as a controlled converter.
3. Define Phase control of an SCR.
An SCR can be turned-ON at any angle with respect to the applied
voltage, and it is known as phase control.
4. What is Commutation?
Commutation is defined as the process of turning off a SCR. (or) The
process of transferring conduction from one SCR to another SCR is
termed as commutation.
5. What is Chopper?
A chopper is a static device that converts the input DC voltage into
fixed or variable DC output voltage.
6. Give two applications of DC chopper.
Electric automobiles (battery operated vehicle)
Trolley cars
7. Mention the two types of Commutation.
Natural Commutation
Forced Commutation
8. What is Natural Commutation?(Line commutation)
The SCR will be turned OFF due to the natural behavior of source
voltage i.e, the current goes through natural zero. These types of
commutation are known as Natural commutation or Line commutation.
9. What is Forced Commutation?
If the input voltage of SCR is DC, then its forward current is forced to
zero by using a commutation circuit to turn OFF the SCR. This type of
commutation is called as Forced Commutation.
10. What is an AC chopper?
 Voltage changing circuits employing semiconductor devices as a
static switch, are known as AC choppers.
11. What is Freewheeling diode?
The flywheel or free wheel diode helps to turn OFF the SCR and
improves load current waveform and provide higher DC output
voltage.
12. What is DC chopper?
DC chopper converts directly from DC to DC relatively with a new
technology.

13. Mention the types of phase controlled converters.

a. Single phase converters
b. Three phase converters
Each of the above types is again sub divided into
Semi converter
Full converter
Dual converter
14. Mention the advantages of the phase controlled converters
Simple circuit
High efficiency
Less expensive.
15. Mention the types of forced commutation
Class A commutation & Class B commutation
Class C commutation &Class D commutation
Class E commutation & Class F commutation
16. Mention the methods to vary the average output voltage in
DC chopper.
Variable frequency control
Constant frequency control
 UNIT-III
1. What is an inverter?
DC to AC Converters is known as inverters.
2. Mention the requirements of an inverter
Output waveform should be sinusoidal
Output voltage should be controllable
It should be able to operate with an inductive load
It has to operated even without load
3. Give the applications of inverter
Variable speed AC motor drives
Emergency light circuits
Stand-by power supplies for relays
Stand-by power supplies for computers
4. What is UPS?
Uninterruptable power supply combines a power supply with a
battery to provide a circuit can provide output power while the
incoming power is down.
5. Mention the types of UPS.
OFF- line UPS
ON-line UPS
6. Give any two difference between online and offline UPS
S.No. OFF-line UPS ON-line UPS
1. The inverter comes into The inverter is always
play only when the AC powered irrespective of
mains fails the AC mains
2. It introduces some delay No delay during change
during change over over period.
from main to inverter,
and inverter to main
7. Mention the advantages ON line UPS
 The inverter can be used to condition the supply delivered to
load.
Load gets protected from transients in the AC main supply.
Inverter output frequency can be maintained at the desired
value.
8. Mention the methods to obtain sine wave output from an inverter.
Resonating the load
Using proper filters
Using pulse width modulation
Using sine wave synthesis
Using poly-phase inverters
9. Mention the methods to control the output voltage from an
inverter.
Control of DC input voltage of inverter
Control of AC output voltage of inverter
Control of voltage within the inverter
10. Mention the advantages of McMurray inverter.
Independent half cycle control allows PWM operation.
Higher efficiency at light loads is thus achieved.
A portion of commutating energy is stored in an inductor and
returned to the commutating capacitor.
Low commutation losses at lower loads.

11. What is SMPS?

Switched Mode Power Supplies provide regulated output voltage
with more efficiency. They do not require the larger transformers and
filtering devices.
12. Mention the advantages of DC transmission system.
Power on each DC pole is independently controllable.
Intermediate switching stations are not required.
 No reactive power transmission problem and hence ideally
suitable for cable transmission.
A DC system offers high degree of reliability at reduced cost.
Smaller conductors can be used as no skin effect is present.
13. Mention the advantages of SMPS over linear power supplies.
For the same power rating, SMPS is smaller size lighter in weight
and possesses higher efficiency.
SMPS is less sensitive to input variations.
14. Mention five applications of SMPS.
Televisions and monitors.
Printers and FAX machines.
VCRs and portable CD players.
Computing and communications.
Laptop and camcorder power packs.

UNIT-IV
1. What is PLC?
Programmable Logic Controller is a programmed interface
between the field input elements like limit switches, sensors etc.,
and final control elements like actuators, LEDs etc.,
2. What is a relay?
Relay is an electrically operated device and it is used for
controlling high voltage and current devices with a low voltage
and current control signal.
3. What is input module?
The input devices like push buttons, limit switches, analog sensors
are wired to input module which is used to give inputs to the
processor.
4. Mention the input switching device used in PLC.
Limit switches,
Push buttons and analog sensors.
5. Mention the output devices used in PLC.
Contactors, solenoid valves, indicator lights and positioning
valves.
6. What are the parts of PLC?
It consists of five parts. Namely,
i) Processor unit iii) Memory
ii) Power supply iv)Input/output section v)Programming
device
7. State any two advantages of PLC.
Flexibility and lower cost
Implementing changes and correcting errors
Reliability and maintainability
Visual observation and speed
Easy of change by reprogramming

8. What is ladder programming?

Relay ladder logic is a graphical programming language for PLCs.
The ladder diagram language is basically a symbolic set of
instructions used to create the controller program.
8. State and draw AND logic function.
In AND logic two or more switches are connected in a serial
manner. The switch assembly is used to control the load.

9. Mention the types of relays.

i)Electromechanical relay
ii)Solid state relay
 iii)Timing relay
iv)Latched relay
10. Give the features of relay.
i) The input and output status are individually indicated
ii) Separate display comments are available
iii) It provides isolation between input and output.
11. Give any two difference between PLC and hardwired circuit.
S.no. PLC circuit Hardwired circuit
1. It is a programmable Relays have to be hardwired to
one. So modification is perform a specific function. So
easy. modification is difficult.
2. Power consumption is Power consumption is high
reduced
12. Mention the types of I/O module.
i) Analog & ii) Digital (Discrete)
13. Draw any two symbols of ladder diagram

UNIT-V
1. What is stepper motor?
Stepper motor is a motor which rotate step by step in both
clockwise and anticlockwise direction.
2. Define CNC.
Computer Numerical Control performs all the basic function by
program. The programs are stored in the memory.
3. Mention the application of numerical control.
Drilling machine
lathes and grinders
Flame cutters
 Milling machines
4. Write the advantages of Numerical control systems.
Highly flexible and economical.
High accuracy at all ranges of speeds and feeds.
Production time is low.
No need of highly skilled operator.
5. Define NC.
Controlling a machine tool by a prepared program, which consists
of series of numbers, is known as numerical control.
6. What is part programming?
The program is written by using the collected datas is known as
part programming which is done by the part programmer. The
datas taken from the drawing dimensions.

7. Write the steps for part programming?

Collection of all data required to produce a part
Calculation of a tool path along which the machine operations
will be performed.
Arrangement of the already given and calculated data in a
standard format.
8. What is Robot?
A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator which
are computer controlled devices, it perform tasks usually done by
humans.
9. Mention the driving devices used in Numerical control
system.
Lead screw for X-axis drive, Y-axis drive & Z-axis drive. The
Control Logic Unit (CLU) operates the driving devices of the
machine lead screws.
10. Mention the advantages of Robots.
Productivity &Speed
 Quality
Production
Management control
11. Mention the parts of Post processor.
Post processor consists of,
Input element
Motion element
Auxiliary element
Output element
Control element
12. Define Post processor.
Post processor translates the processed information from the
computer into the coded instructions necessary for operating the
N/C system.
13. Mention the two differences between NC and CNC.
S.No. Numerical Computer numerical
control control
1. Program stored in Program stored in computer
punched tape memory
2. Repeated use of Since program is stored in
paper tape will memory no such problem
destroy it arises
14. What is interpolator?
It supplies current velocity commands between two data points
taken from the drawing. For complicated parts, the required
additional data points will be calculated automatically by an
interpolator.
15. What are the various post processor elements? List the types
of tape reader.
 Mechanical type
Photo electric type
16. State the advantages of CNC system.
Increased flexibility
Reduction in hardware circuits
CNC is compatible with DNC