M VCH L G?

M vch (Barcode) theo nh ngha l phng php lu tr v truyn ti thng tin bng
mt lai k hiu gi l k m vch (Barcode symbology). K m vch hay gi tt cng l
m vch, l 1 k hiu t hp cc khong trng v vch thng biu din cc mu t, k
hiu v cc con s. S thay i trong rng ca vch v khong trng biu din thng
tin s hay ch s di dng m my c th c c.

M s m vch c thu nhn bng mt my qut m vch, l mt my thu nhn hnh

nh ca m vch in trn cc b mt v chuyn thng tin cha trong m vch n my tnh
hay cc thit b cn thng tin ny. N thng c mt ngun sng km theo thu knh,
hi t nh sng ln m vch, ri thu nh sng phn x v mt cm quang chuyn ha tn
hiu nh sng thnh tn hiu in. Ngoi ra, nhiu my qut m vch cn c thm mch
in t x l tn hiu thu c t cm quang chuyn thnh tn hiu ph hp cho kt
ni vi my tnh.

C BAO NHIU LAI M VCH?

C th ni m vch cng ging nh mt o qun cc k hiu quen thuc, chng xut

hin khp mi ni, mi ch, trn hu ht cc sn phm lu hnh hp php trn th
trng. Ai cng u thy chng nhng t ai hiu c nhiu v chng. Nhng v ngh m
vch l v thng v pht nn cng chng ai quan tm n chng c. Khi c hi v
m vch, a s ngi ta ch bit m vch l m vch. N m ha mt con s g m
ngi ta khng hiu. Ni nh vy nghim nhin m vch ch c mt lai duy nht l
m vch v n c s dng lu tr 1 con s g nh gi tin chng hn.
Thc ra m vch gm nhiu chng lai khc nhau. Ty theo dung lng thng tin, dng
thc thng tin c m ha cng nh mc ch s dng m ngi ta chia ra lm rt nhiu
lai, trong cc dng thng dng trn th trng m ta thy gm UPC, EAN, Code 39,
Interleaved 2of 5, Codabar v Code 128. Ngoi ra, trong 1 s loi m vch ngi ta cn
pht trin lm nhiu Version khc nhau, c mc ch s dng khc nhau, th d UPC c
cc version l UPC-A, UPC-B, UPC-C, UPC-D v UPC-E; EAN c cc version EAN-8,
EAN-13, EAN-14, Code 128 gm Code 128 Auto, Code 128-A, Code 128-B, Code 128-
C.

UPC (Universal Product Code)

UPC l 1 lai k hiu m ha s c ngnh cng nghip thc phm ng dng vo nm

1973. Ngnh cng nghip thc phm pht trin h thng ny nhm gn m s khng
trng lp cho tng sn phm. Ngi ta s dng UPC nh giy php bng s cho cc
sn phm ring l.

UPC gm c 2 phn: phn m vch m my c th c c v phn s m con ngi c

th c c.
S ca UPC gm 12 k s, khng bao gm k t. l cc m s dng nhn din mi
mt sn phm tiu dng ring bit

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Nhn k hiu UPC nh hnh bn ta thy tng cng gm 12 k s:
K s th 1: y l s 0, gi l k s h thng s (number system digit) hoc cn gi l
Family code. N nm trong phm vi ca 7 con s nh r ngha v chng lai ca sn
phm nh sau:

*5- Coupons: Phiu lnh hng ha

*4- Dnh cho ngi bn l s dng
*3- Thuc v cc mt hng c lin quan n y t.
*2- Cc mn hng nng t nhin nh tht v nng sn.
* 0, 6, 7 - Gn cho tt c cc mt hng khc nh l mt phn nhn din ca nh sn
xut.

Nm k s th 2: Trong mu ny, tng trng l 12345, m ch m ngi bn (Vendor

Code), m doanh nghip hay m ca nh sn xut (Manufacturer code). Hoa k, m
ny c cp bi hip hi UCC (The Uniform Code Council) v m c cp cho ngi
bn hoc nh sn xut l c nht. Nh vy khi hng ha lu thng trn th trng bng
m UPC th ch cn bit c 5 k s ny l c th bit c xut x ca hng ha.

Nm k s k tip: Dnh cho ngi bn gn cho sn phm ca h. Ngi bn t to ra 5

k s ny theo ring ca mnh m ha cho sn phm .

K s cui cng: y l s 5, l k s kim tra, xc nhn tnh chnh xc ca tan b s

UPC

UPC c pht trin thnh nhiu phin bn (version) nh UPC-A, UPC-B, UPC-C, UPC-
D v UPC-E trong UPC-A c coi nh phin bn chun ca UPC, cc phin bn cn
li c pht trin theo nhng yu cu c bit ca ngnh cng nghip.

M UPC vn cn ang s dng Hoa K v Bc M

EAN (European Article Number)

EAN l bc pht trin k tip ca UPC. V cch m ha n cng ging ht nh UPC

nhng v dung lng n gm 13 k s trong 2 hoc 3 k s u tin l k s mc,
dng biu th cho nc xut x. Cc k s ny chnh l m quc gia ca sn phm
c cp bi T chc EAN quc t (EAN International Organization)

EAN ny c gi l EAN-13 phn bit vi phin bn EAN-8 sau ny gm 8 k s.

Theo k hiu EAN-13 nh hnh v pha trn, c th phn chia nh sau:

* 893 - M quc gia Vit Nam
* 123456789 - 9 k s ny c phn chia lm 2 cm: cm m nh sn xut c th 4, 5
hoc 6 k s ty theo c cp, cm cn li l m mt hng.
*7- M kim tra tnh chnh xc ca tan b s EAN.

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EAN c mt bin th khc ca n l JAN (Japaneses Artical Numbering), thc cht l
EAN ca ngi Nht vi m quc gia l 49.

V EAN pht trin vi m quc gia nn n c s dng trn nhng sn phm lu thng
trn tan cu. Cc tiu chun ca EAN do T chc EAN quc t qun l. Vit Nam,
cc doanh nghip mun s dng c m EAN trn sn phm ca mnh, phi l thnh
vin ca T chc M S M Vch Vit Nam, gi tt l EAN Vit Nam, c cp m
s doanh nghip.

Code 39

UPC v EAN d l 2 lai m vch c tnh cht chuyn nghip v quc t nhng khuyt
im ca n l dung lng c gii hn v ch m ha c s, khng m ha c ch.

Code 39 c pht trin sau UPC v EAN l k hiu ch v s thng dng nht. N
khng c chiu di c nh nh UPC v EAN do c th lu tr nhiu lng thng tin
hn bn trong n. Do tnh linh hat nh vy, Code 39 c a chung rng ri trong bn
l v sn xut. B k t ny bao gm tt c cc ch hoa, cc k s t 0 n 9 v 7 k t
c bit khc.

Nhiu t chc chn mt dng thc Code 39 lm chun cng nghip ca mnh trong
ng ch l B Quc Phng M ly Code 39 lm b m gi l LOGMARS.

INTERLEAVED 2 OF 5

Interleaved 2 of 5 l mt lai m vch ch m ha k s ch khng m ha k t. u

im ca Interleaved 2 of 5 l n c di c th thay i c v c nn cao nn c
th lu tr c nhiu lng thng tin hn trong mt khang khng gian khng ln lm

Interleaved 2of 5

Theo 2 mu trn, ta thy rng cng 1 t l barcode, khi lu 20 k s vo trong Interleaved

2 of 5, ta c 1 k hiu barcode nh gn bng 1/2 so vi khi lu 20 k s vo trong
Code 39.

Cc lai Barcode thng dng khc

Codabar Code 93

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Code 128-A HIBC

Cc loi Barcode 2D

Ngi dng m vch ngy cng quan tm n m vch 2 chiu (2D Barcode) v nhn ra
nhng c tnh c o ca n khng c mt trong cc k hiu tuyn tnh truyn thng.
K hiu 2 chiu nhm vo ba ng dng chnh:

1. S dng trn cc mn hng nh: Nu in m vch tuyn tnh, tc l cc lai m

vch 1D thng dng, trn cc mn hng nh th thng gp tr ngi v kch thc
ca m vch vn cn qu ln so vi cc mn hng cc nh. Vi s pht trin ca
m vch 2 chiu ngi ta c th in m vch nh n mc c th t ngay trn
mn hng c kch thc rt nh.
Ni dung thng tin: Cng ngh 2 chiu cho php m ha 1 lng ln thng tin
trong mt din tch nh hp. C lng thng tin lu trong cng mt k hiu m
vch 2D c th coi nh l 1 file d liu nh gn (trong ngnh gi l PDF -
Portable Data File). Do khi s dng lai m 2D, c th khng cn n CSDL
bn trong my vi tnh.

2. Qut tm xa: Khi s dng cc k hiu 2D, my in khng i hi in phn gii

cao m c th in phn gii thp v trong k hiu 2D, cc mng im (pixel)
hoc cc vch (bar) rt ln. iu ny dn n vic cho php qut m vch 2D 1
khang cch xa ln n 50 feet (khong 15m)

Cc k hiu barcode 2D c th c chia lm 2 loi:

1/ Loi m xp chng (Stacked Codes): nh Code 16K, Code 49, PDF-417

Code 16K PDF-417 Code

49
(Vi 2 chng lu tr c 14 k s) (18 digits cho 1 kch thc rt nh) (2 chng
lu c 15 digits)

2/ Loi m ma trn (Matrix Codes): nh Data Matrix, Maxicode,Softstrip, Vericode, ..

Vi Data Matrix nh th ny y, khi gii m cc bn s c mt on vn nh sau:

Cac ban co tin la toi co the viet 1 quyen truyen bang ma vach khong?
Tht kinh khng nu ai vit 1 quyn truyn bng m vch, lc mi cu vn hoc
mi on vn s l .. 1 m ma trn. Vi s pht trin ca m ma trn, ta thy rng
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ngnh m vch thc s pht trin theo mt hng khc: C s d liu. Mt ngy no
, bn s c trong tay mt chic a mm, hoc Flashdisk trong ch ton l cc m ma
trn lu tr danh sch ca cc VIP m khng s b cc Hacker b kho. V ch c my
qut mi c th b kho c m vch, hn na khng phi my qut no cng c
c m ma trn.

M VCH C NG DNG M HO NHNG G?

C th m ho loi thng tin thnh m vch. V d:

1. S hiu linh kin (Part Numbers)
2. S nhn din ngi bn, nhn din nh sn xut, doanh nghip (Vendor ID Numbers,
ManufactureID Numbers)
3. S hiu Pallet (Pallet Numbers)
4. Ni tr hng ho
5. Ngy nhn
6. Tn hay s hiu khch hng
7. Gi c mn hng
8. S hiu l hng v s x ri
9. S hiu n t gia cng
10. M nhn din ti sn
11. S hiu n t mua hng
v.v.

Mt khi cng ty xc nh xong thng tin cn m ho, bc tip theo l xc nh loi

m vch thch hp, kch thc ca m vch, cng ngh m ho thng tin v cng ngh in
thch hp nht.

Bng di y m t cng dng m ho ca cc loi m vch thng dng:

Loi m
Ngnh ngh s dng L do
vch
4Cn m s ch khng cn
4Cng nghip thc phm
m ch
UPC 4Cc nh bun bn l
4Mt cao, ng tin cy.
4S dng Bc M v Canada
4Cn m kim li
4Ging nh UPC
EAN 4S dng cho cc nc khc 4Ging nh trn
khng thuc Bc M
4B Quc phng
4Cn m ho c ch ln s
4Ngnh y t
4D in.
Code 39 4Cng nghip nhm
4Rt an ton, khng c m
4Cc nh xut bn sch nh k
kim li
4Cc c quan hnh chnh
4Phn phi, lu kho
4Cc sn phm khng phi l
Interleaved thc phm 4D in.
2of 5 4Cc nh sn xut, nh bun bn 4Kch thc nh gn
l.
4Hip hi vn chuyn Container
Codabar 4Ngn hng mu 4Rt an ton.
4Th vin 4Dy dt
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 4Th tn chuyn pht nhanh
trong nc.
4Cng nghip x l Film nh
4Cng nghip ch to
Code 128 4Cn dung lng 128 k t
4Vn chuyn Container

LM TH NO TO RA C M VCH?

L d nhin cu tr li l phn mm v my in nhng vn l phn mm g v my in

g. Nhng d g i na th ti khuyn cc bn tr nn b i ci tng nu c, to m
vch bng Autocad, hoc v bng CorelDraw!

in ra m vch, bn cn phi xc nh m vch s c in vo u, vi mc ch s

dng nh th no:

Nu bn mun in m vch trn vn bn, giy t, ti liu th bn c th s dng cc

phn mm thng dng nh Word, Excel (trong mt iu kin c bit), Corel
Draw, v.v. hoc 1 phn mm h tr in barcode. Cch in nh th no bn c th
xem trong mc phn mm ca website ny c hng dn c bn.
Nu bn l nh sn xut hng ho v mun in m vch ln trc tip bao b ca sn
phm th khng c g ni v lc m vch s l 1 phn trong kiu dng ni
chung ca bao b sn phm, n s c in bng cng ngh in bao b (thng l in
Offset).

Nu bn mun in m vch ln nhn v dn ln sn phm lu hnh trn th

trng vi s lng rt nhiu nh trong cc khu cng nghip chng hn th bn
nn dng cng ngh in nhn chuyn nghip. Cng ngh ny bao gm my in nhn
chuyn nghip (Label Printer hay barcode printer) v phn mm in nhn chuyn
nghip. Bn khng nn dng cc phn mm vn phng v cc my in vn phng
in cc nhn hng ho v cc nhn hng ho i hi phi c nhng tiu chun
cng nghip rt khc khe m ch c cng ngh in nhn chuyn nghip mi m
trch ni (Xem thm My in nhn v Ribbon nhit)

Cn nu bn mun in barcode ln th nha nh trong trng hp th nhn vin,

th hi vin th bn phi dng n cng ngh in th (bao gm 1 my in th v 1
phn mm in th c h tr barcode)

Cng cn ni thm rng nu bn dng cc phn mm khng chuyn v barcode (nh

Corel) in barcode th bn ch c th in v x l barcode mc c bn. Th d bn
s khng in c cc loi barcode 2-D hoc khng nn c barcode bng cc t l nn
khc nhau.

LM TH NO C C M VCH?

c c cc k hiu m vch ngi ta dng mt loi thit b gi l my qut m

vch (barcode scanner), thc cht chnh l mt loi u c quang hc dng chm tia
sng hoc tia laser. Nhiu bn c tng l vit mt phn mm c m vch nhng
ti khuyn bn khng cn phi lm th v ngay trong my barcode scanner c mt
phn mm di dng Firmware dng c loi m vch. Nu bn thc s mun vit
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mt phn mm c m vch th trc ht bn phi mua cho c mt my qut dng
cng COM thng l loi my qut khng c b gii m bn trong.

Khi nhn vo mt k hiu m vch trn 1 mn hng, c khi ta thy 1 dy s nm ngay bn

di k hiu m vch nhng cng c khi khng c g c. Dy s ny chnh l m s
m k hiu m vch m ho. Vn c m s hay khng c m s l do phn mm in
m vch to ra gip cho con ngi c th nhn dng c bng mt thng, n ch quan
trng i vi con ngi ch khng quan trng i vi my v my khng hiu c cc
con s ny m ch c th c c chnh bn thn cc k hiu m vch. Do , my
qut c th c c m vch tt th khi in ra, k hiu m vch phi r rng, khng mt
nt, cc vch phi thng ng khng bin dng.

M vch sau khi qut s c gii m bng 1 phn mm cho ra m s ban u. Ty

theo cng ngh ang dng v ty theo loi my qut, my c m phn mm gii m c
th l 1 phn mm di dng Firmware nm ngay trong my qut v c th c hin th
bng cc file vn bn thng thng nh Notepad, Wordpad, hay l 1 phn mm chuyn
dng km theo thit b hoc do ngi s dng vit chng trnh ng dng

Tm Hiu V M s m vch ca hng ho

to thun li v nng cao nng sut, hiu qu trong bn hng v qun l kho ngi ta
thng in trn hng ho mt loi m hiu c bit gi l m s m vch ca hng ho. M s m
vch ca hng ho bao gm hai phn: m s ca hng ho v m vch l phn th hin m s
bng vch cho my c.

M s ca hng ho l mt dy con s dng phn nh hng ho, p dng trong qu trnh

lun chuyn hng ho t ngi sn xut, qua bn bun, lu kho, phn phi, bn l ti ngi tiu
dng. Nu th cn cc gip ta phn bit ngi ny vi ngi khc th m s hng ho l th
cn cc ca hng ho, gip ta phn bit c nhanh chng v chnh xc cc loi hng ho
khc nhau.

M s ca hng ho c cc tnh cht sau:

- N l con s duy nht c trng cho hng ho. Mi loi hng ho c nhn din bi mt dy
s v mi dy s ch tng ng vi mt loi hng ho.
- Bn thn m s ch l mt dy s i din cho hng ho, khng lin quan n c im ca
hng ho. N khng phi l s phn loi hay cht lng ca hng ho, trn m s cng khng
c gi c ca hng ho.
Hin nay, trong thng mi trn ton th gii ch yu p dng hai h thng m s hng ho sau:
- H thng UPC (Universal Product Code) l h thng thuc quyn qun l ca Hi ng m
thng nht M UCC (Uniform Code Council, Inc.), c s dng t nm 1970 v hin vn ang
s dng M v Canada.
- H thng EAN (European Article Number) c thit lp bi cc sng lp vin l 12 nc chu
u vi tn gi ban u l Hi EAN (European Article Numbering Association), c s dng t
nm 1974 chu u v sau pht trin nhanh chng, c p dng hu ht cc nc trn

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th gii. Chnh v l do ny nn t nm 1977, EAN tr thnh mt t chc quc t vi tn gi EAN
quc t (EAN International)

Trong h thng m s EAN cho sn phm bn l c hai loi, mt loi s dng 13 con s (EAN-
13) v loi kia s dng 8 con s (EAN-8)
M s EAN-13 gm 13 con s c cu to nh sau: t tri sang phi
+ M quc gia: hai hoc ba con s u
+ M doanh nghip: c th gm t bn, nm hoc su con s
+ M mt hng: c th l nm, bn, hoc ba con s ty thuc vo m doanh nghip
+ S cui cng l s kim tra
m bo tnh thng nht v tnh n nht ca m s, m quc gia phi do t chc m s vt
phm quc t cp cho cc quc gia l thnh vin ca t chc ny. M s quc gia ca Vit Nam
l 893. Danh mc m s quc gia ca cc nc trong ph lc km theo.
M doanh nghip do t chc m s vt phm quc gia cp cho cc nh sn xut l thnh vin
ca h. Vit Nam, m doanh nghip do EAN-VN cp cho cc doanh nghip thnh vin ca
mnh.
M mt hng do nh sn xut quy nh cho hng ho ca mnh. Nh sn xut phi m bo mi
mt hng ch c mt m s, khng c c bt k s nhm ln no.
S kim tra C l mt con s c tnh da vo 12 con s trc , dng kim tra vic ghi
ng nhng con s ni trn.
T nm 1995 n thng 3/1998, EAN-VN cp m M gm bn con s v t thng 3/1998, theo
yu cu ca EAN quc t, EAN-VN bt u cp m M gm 5 con s.

M s EAN-8 gm 8 con s c cu to nh sau:

+ Ba s u l m s quc gia ging nh EAN-13
+ Bn s sau l m mt hng
+ S cui cng l s kim tra

M EAN-8 ch s dng trn nhng sn phm c kch thc nh, khng ch ghi m EAN-13
(v d nh thi son, chic bt bi). Cc doanh nghip mun s dng m s EAN-8 trn sn phm
ca mnh cn lm n xin m ti T chc m s quc gia (EAN-VN). T chc m s quc gia s
cp trc tip v qun l m s mt hng (gm 4 con s) c th cho doanh nghip.

M vch l mt nhm cc vch v khong trng song song t xen k dng th hin m s
di dng my qut c th c c.
M vch th hin m s EAN gi l m vch EAN. Trong m vch EAN, mi con s c th
hin bng hai vch v hai khong trng theo ba phng n khc nhau (Set A, B, C). Mi m
vch hay khong trng c chiu rng t 1 n 4 mun. Nh vy m vch EAN thuc loi m a
chiu rng, mi mun c chiu rng tiu chun l 0,33 mm.
M vch EAN l loi m vch s dng ring th hin m s EAN. M vch EAN c nhng tnh
cht sau y:
Ch th hin cc con s (t O n 9) vi chiu di c nh (13 hoc 8 con s)
L m a chiu rng, tc l mi vch (hay khong trng) c th c chiu rng t 1 n 4 mun.
Do vy, mt m ho cao nhng tin cy tng i thp, i hi c s ch c bit khi in
m.
M vch EAN c cu to nh sau: K t bn tri, khu vc trng khng ghi k hiu no c, k
hiu bt u, k hiu dy s bn tri, k hiu phn cch, k hiu dy s bn phi, s kim tra, k
hiu kt thc, sau l khong trng bn phi. Ton b khu vc m vch EAN-13 tiu chun c
chiu di 37,29 mm v chiu cao l 25,93mm.
M vch EAN-8 c cu to tng t nhng ch c chiu di tiu chun l 26,73mm v chiu cao
21,31mm.

Lm th no c m s m vch trn sn phm?

Mun c m s m vch trn hng ho xut khu hay bn ti cc siu th, trc tin cc
doanh nghip phi gia nhp EAN Vit Nam. EAN Vit Nam s cp m M cho doanh nghip v
hng dn doanh nghip lp m mt hng (m I) cho tng sn phm. c l thnh vin ca
EAN Vit Nam, doanh nghip s phi ng ph gia nhp v ph hng nm. Hai loi ph ny do i
hi cc thnh vin quyt nh, c ghi trong iu l ca EAN Vit Nam v c th thay i sau
mt thi gian p dng.
Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng nht ca doanh nghip khi p dng m s m vch l
qun l m mt hng (m I) ca mnh theo nguyn tc mi m s tng ng vi mt loi sn
phm duy nht, khng c nhm ln. Nhng sn phm khc nhau v tnh cht (v d nh bia
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v nc ngt), v khi lng, v bao gi u phi c cho nhng m s mt hng khc
nhau. Nhng m s ny s s dng lu di cng vi s tn ti ca mt hng . Nhng mt
hng ny khi c ci tin (thay i trng lng, cch bao gi) u phi c cp m mt
hng mi.

(Theo T chc M s M vch Vit Nam)

1. 'M s hng ha' trong ting Anh ngi ta gi l 'Article Number Code'
l k hiu bng mt dy ch s nguyn th hin nh mt th chng minh hng ha v
xut x sn xut, lu thng ca nh sn xut trn mt quc gia (vng) ny ti cc th
trng trong nc hoc n mt quc gia (vng) khc trn khp cc chu lc. Bi vy,
mi loi hng ha s c in vo (gn cho sn phm) mt dy s duy nht. y l mt
s phn bit sn phm hng ha trn tng quc gia (vng) khc nhau, tng t nh s
khc bit v MS in thoi. Trong vin thng ngi ta cng quy nh m s, m vng
khc nhau lin lc nhanh, ng, khng b nhm ln.
M s hng ha (MSHH)n c cu to nh th no ?:
n nay, trong giao dch thng mi tn ti 2 h thng c bn v MSHH:
Mt l, h thng MSHH c s dng ti th trng Hoa K v Canada. l h thng
UPC (Universal Product Code), c lu hnh t thp k 70 ca th k XX cho n nay.
Hai l, h thng MSHH c s dng rng ri cc th trng cn li ca th gii, c
bit l chu u, chu ,...; trong ph bin l h thng EAN (European Article
Number). Trong h thng MSHH EAN c 2 loi k hiu con s: Loi EAN-13 v EAN-8.
+ Cu trc ca EAN-13:
M s EAN-13 l 1 dy s gm 13 ch s nguyn (t s 0 n s 9), trong dy s chia
lm 4 nhm, mi nhm c ngha nh sau (xem hnh 1):
Nhm 1: T tri sang phi, ba ch s u l m s v quc gia (vng lnh th)
Nhm 2: Tip theo gm bn ch s l m s v doanh nghip.
Nhm 3: Tip theo gm nm ch s l m s v hng ha.
Nhm 4: S cui cng (bn phi) l s v kim tra
V d theo quy c trn, s kim tra (C) c ngha v qun l i vi vic ng nhp,
ng xut ca cc loi sn phm hng ha ca tng loi doanh nghip.
Vy xc nh nh th no?

V d: M s 8 9 3 3 4 8 1 0 0 1 0 6 - C:

Bc 1 - Xc nh ngun gc hng ha: 893 l MSHH ca quc gia Vit Nam; 3481 l
MS doanh nghip thuc quc gia Vit Nam; 00106 l MSHH ca doanh nghip.

Bc 2 - Xc nh C.

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Cng tng gi tr ca cc s th t l bt u c tnh t phi sang tri ca dy MS
(tr s C), ta c : 6 + 1 + 0 + 8 + 3 + 9 = 27 (1)

Nhn tng ca (1) vi 3, ta c: 27 x 3 = 81 (2)

P -893 - nhm 1.
M -4602 - nhm 2.
I -00107 - nhm 3.
C -8 - nhm 4.
Cng tng gi tr ca cc s th t chn cn li, ta c :

0 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 8 = 16 (3)

Cng gi tr (2) vi (3), ta c : 81 + 16 = 97 (4)

Ly gi tr ca (4) lm trn theo bi s ca 10 (tc l 100) st nht vi gi tr ca (4) tr

i gi tr ca (4) ta c: 100 - 97 = 3. Nh vy C = 3.

Trong trng hp ny m s EAN - VN 13 c MSHH y l:

893 3481 00106 3

+ Cu trc ca EAN - 8:

V bn cht tng t nh EAN-13 ch khc l EAN-8 gm 8 ch s nguyn, tu theo sp

xp v la chn cc ch s t s 0 n s 9 c chia lm 3 nhm:

M s quc gia: Gm 3 ch s u tin (bn tri)

M s hng ha: Gm 4 ch s tip theo.

M s kim tra: Gm 1 ch s ng cui cng. Nhn dng s C cng c tnh t 7 s

ng trc n v cch tnh cng tng t nh EAN-13.

Cn lu rng, vic s dng EAN-13 hay EAN-8 l do T chc EAN th gii phn nh.
Sau khi EAN Vit Nam c cp MS, cc doanh nghip ca Vit Nam mun s dng m
s EAN-VN th phi c n trnh l thnh vin EAN-VN, sau ng k xin EAN-
VN cp cho MS cho ng loi hng ha. Vic cp ng k MS cho sn phm hng ha
ca doanh nghip Vit Nam do cc t chc EAN-VN c thm quyn cp v c EAN
th gii cng nhn, c lu tr trong ngn hng d liu EAN th gii.
2. M vch hng ha

TH no l m vch (Bar Code): L hnh nh tp hp k hiu cc vch (m, nht, di,

ngn) thnh nhm vch v nh dng khc nhau cc my c gn u Laser (nh my
qut Scanner) nhn v c c cc k hiu . Bng cng ngh thng tin, cc m vch
ny c chuyn ha v lu tr vo ngn hng Server.
M vch s c trnh by km theo m s v tp hp thnh nhng hnh nh v k t s
to nn thang s c gi MS-MV hng ha (xem hnh 2).
Cu trc m vch: M vch EAN-13 hoc m vch EAN-8 l nhng vch tiu chun c
cao t 26,26 mm n 21,64 mm v di t 37,29 mm n 26,73 mm.
Cu trc m vch cng do cc t chc quc gia v EAN qun l v phn cp i vi cc
doanh nghip.
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3. Lm sao m cc doanh nghip phi ng k MS-MV
Trong mi quc gia, cc doanh nghip, cc nh cung cp s thun li khi qun l, phn
phi; bit c xut x, ngun gc ca mi loi sn phm.
Trong giao lu thng mi quc t, cc nh sn xut, cc nh cung cp trnh c cc
hin tng gian ln thng mi, bo v quyn li cho ngi tiu dng; sn phm hng
ha c th lu thng tri ni ton cu m vn bit c lai lch ca n cng nh m bo
chnh xc v gi c v thi gian giao dch rt nhanh.
Trong giao dch mua bn, kim sot c tn hng, mu m, quy cch, gi c xut, nhp
kho hng khng b nhm ln v nhanh chng, thun tin.
Vit Nam, Chnh ph giao cho B Khoa hc v Cng ngh l c quan qun l nh
nc v EAN-VN. Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng l i din ca EAN-VN
v l thnh vin chnh thc ca EAN quc t. Vic ng k v cp MS-MV cho cc
doanh nghip gn trn cc sn phm u do c quan Tng cc Tiu chun o lng
Cht lng qun l, phn phi cho cc t chc hp php khc thc hin hoc cp trc
tip cho doanh nghip.
i vi Vit Nam, i theo MV l MS c 3 ch s 893, Trung Quc c m s 690,
Singapore c m s 888, Vng quc Anh c m s 50, cc quc gia Bc M th ng k
m s (UPC) ca Hoa K.
Ngoi nhng nguyn tc c bn v MS-MV trnh by trn, cng c nhng trng hp
ngoi l i vi mt s sn phm hng ha: MS tp hp trn 13 ch s i vi MV khng
c cao, di nu trn m di phn cch MV di hn, ngn hn. V d nh vt phm
in thoi di ng hin nay, MS-MV rt c trng.
i vi in thoi di ng, v MS, ta thy c ti 15 ch s m chiu cao MV nh hn 10
mm. Biu tng MS-MV khng in dn pha ngoi m in dn pha trong my. Ngoi ra
cng c mt s vt phm khc c MS-MV khng theo quy tc trn nhng vn m bo
cc tin ch cho doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng, c EAN quc t cho lu hnh.

Cng ngh m s m vch

M s m vch l mt trong nhng cng ngh nhn dng v thu thp d liu t ng da trn
nguyn tc: t cho i tng cn qun l mt dy s (hoc dy ch v s), sau th hin d-
i dng m vch my qut c th c c. Trong qun l hng ho ngi ta gi dy s v
dy vch l m s m vch (MSMV) ca hng ho.

M s m vch u tin c ch to v a vo s dng trn th gii t nhng nm thp k 70

ca th k 20. Do yu cu pht trin sn xut v kinh doanh thng mi, cng ngh m s m
vch ngy cng c nghin cu hon thin, pht trin v c ng dng rng ri trong a
ngnh kinh t v trn ton th gii. Nm 1973 t chc MSMV u tin c thnh lp, l Hi
ng m thng nht ca M (vit tt tn ting Anh l UCC). Nm 1977, Hi m s vt phm Chu
u (EAN) ra i do sng kin ca 12 nc Chu u, n nm 1984 i thnh EAN International,
l mt t chc phi li nhun, hot ng trn c s trung lp vi mc ch chnh l y mnh p
dng h thng EAN trn ton cu trong tt c cc ngnh kinh t - x hi nhm cung cp ngn
ng chung cho thng mi quc t (c bit l thng mi in t. . .). T nm 2005, hai t
chc EAN International v UCC hp nht thnh mt t chc phn nh ton cu c tn l GS1.

M s GS1 (v d nh m thng phm, vit tt l GTIN) l mt dy ch s nguyn, trong c

cc nhm s chng minh v xut x hng ho: y l sn phm g? do cng ty no xut?
cng ty thuc quc gia no?. Do cch nh s nh vy, mi loi hng ho s c dy s duy
nht nhn dng n nht trn ton th gii. y l mt cu trc m s tiu chun dng
nhn dng sn phm hng ho trn cc quc gia (vng) khc nhau, tng t nh cu trc m s
in thoi lin lc quc t.

M vch GS1 (bar Code) l mt dy cc vch v khong trng song song xen k c thit k
theo mt nguyn tc m ho nht nh th hin m s (hoc c ch ln s) di dng cc
thit b c c gn u Laser (Scanner) nhn v c c. Thit b c c kt ni vi my
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tnh v m vch c gii m thnh dy s mt cch t ng, gi ra tip d liu lin quan n
hng ho ang lu tr trong c s d liu v sn phm hng ha.

Nh vy, m s GS1 ng vai tr cha kho thu nhn v tra cu d liu mt cch t ng.

Cc c tnh u vit ca cng ngh MSMV:

- Hiu sut : Nhn dng t ng thay th ghi chp bng tay nn gip gim nhn cng, tit kim
thi gian, dn n tng hiu sut cng vic.

- Chnh xc: vi cu trc c tiu chun ho, an ton v n gin M s M vch cho php
nhn dng chnh xc vt phm v dch v, thay th khu nhp v truy cp d liu bng tay,
do cho kt qu chnh xc, khng nhm ln.

- Thng tin nhanh: M s m vch gip thu thp v cung cp thng tin nhanh, gip cho cc nh
kinh doanh v qun l c th c nhng quyt nh ng n v kp thi trong hot ng sn xut
kinh doanh v qun l.

- Tho mn khch hng: Do tnh hiu sut, chnh xc, thng tin nhanh, M s m vch gip p
ng khch hng v mt thi gian, s lng hng, chng loi, v cht lng hng v dch v, tnh
tin nhanh v chnh xc, hng dn la chn hng ho v dch v theo yu cu.

Bn cnh , Cng ngh M s m vch cn l v kh cnh tranh hu hiu trong kinh doanh,
nng cao li ch kinh t v uy tn thng mi ca Doanh nghip v:

+ Do c nhng tnh u vit trn, M s m vch EAN c chp nhn mi im trong chui
cung ng quc t v trong mi quc gia thnh vin.

+ Trong dch v trao i thng tin in t, M s m vch l ngn ng quc t son tho cc
gi tin (messages) v n hng, vn chuyn, thanh ton, nghin cu th trng, i tc, khiu
ni... y l iu kin khng th thiu c v l mt thch thc vi cc bn tham gia vo th-
ng mi in t ton cu.

+ Do p ng c yu cu khch hng, M s m vch c th to iu kin m rng th phn,

tham gia vo th trng quc t v y mnh kinh doanh xut nhp khu.

Ngoi ra, M s m vch cng l cng c hu ch trong vic qun l hot ng ni b ca Doanh
nghip nh: theo di v iu hnh qu trnh xut nhp nguyn vt liu; qun l kho; qun l nhn
s, qun l vn kinh doanh...

Lm th no c m s m vch trn sn phm?

Mun c m s m vch trn hng ho xut khu hay bn ti cc siu th, trc tin cc
doanh nghip phi ng k vi Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng (GS1 Vit Nam)
c cp m doanh nghip GS1. Sau , doanh nghip t lp m mt hng (m I) cho tng sn
phm ca mnh. Th tc ng k s dng MSMV c quy nh ti Quyt nh s 15/2006/Q-
BKHCN ngy 23/8/2006. c s dng v duy tr s dng m s doanh nghip GS1, doanh
nghip s phi ng ph ng k v ph duy tr hng nm. Hai loi ph ny do B Ti chnh quy
nh ti Thng t s 88/2002/TT-BTC ngy 02/10/2002.

M quc gia ca cc nc thnh vin GS1:

000 - 019: M

020 - 029: (Phn phi gii hn)

030 - 039: M

040 - 049: (Phn phi gii hn)

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050 - 059: Cc phiu / Coupons

060 - 139: M

200 - 299: (Phn phi gii hn)

300 - 379: Php

380: Bungari

383: Xlvnia

385: Cratia

387: Bxnia v Hcxgvina

400 - 440: c

450 - 459 & 490 - 499: Nht

460 - 469: Lin bang Nga

470: Crgxtan

471: i Loan

474: Extnia

475: Ltvia

476: Adcbaigian

477: Ltva

478: Udbkixtan

479: Xri Lanca

480: Philippin

481: Blart

482: Ucraina

484: Mnva

485: cmnia

486: Grudia

487: Kadcxtan

489: Hng Kng

500 - 509: Anh quc

520: GS1 quc t (dnh cho Hy Lp)

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528: Libng

529: Sp

530: Anbani

531: Maxnia

535: Manta

539: Ailen

540 - 549: B v Lcxmbua

560: B o Nha

569: Aixlen

570 - 579: an Mch

590: Ba Lan

594: Rumani

599: Hungari

600 - 601: Nam Phi

603: Gana

608: Baranh

609: Mrix

611: Marc

613: Angiri

616: Knia

618: B Bin Ng

619: Tuynidi

621: Xyri

622: Ai Cp

624: Libi

625: Giocani

626: Iran

627: Cot

628: Arp Xt
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629: rp

640 - 649: Phn Lan

690 - 695: Trung Quc

700 - 709: Nauy

729: Ixraen

730 - 739: Thy in

740: Goatmala

741: En Xanvao

742: nurt

743: Nicaragoa

744: Cxta Rica

745: Panama

746: Cng ha minica

750: Mhic

754 - 755: Canaa

759: Vnxula

760 - 769: Thy S

770: Clmbia

773: Urygoay

775: Pru

777: Blivia

779: chentina

780: Chil

784: Paragoay

786: cuao

789 - 790: Braxin

800 - 839: Italia

840 - 849: Ty Ban Nha

850: Cuba
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858: Xlvakia

859: Sc

860: Scbia v Mntngr

865: Mng C

867: Bc Triu Tin

868 - 869: Th Nh K

870 - 879: H Lan

880: Hn Quc

884: Campuchia

885: Thi Lan

888: Xingapo

890: n

893: Vit Nam

899: Innxia

900 - 919: o

930 - 939: xtrylia

940 - 949: Niu Diln

950: GS1 Quc t

955: Malaixia

958: Macao

977: Tp ch xut bn nh k / Serial publications (ISSN)

978 - 979: Sch / Bookland (ISBN)

980: Bin lai tin tr li / Refund receips

981 - 982: Phiu tin t chung / Common Currency Coupons

990 - 999: Cc loi phiu / Coupons

Cc ti liu lin quan n M s m vch:

TIU CHUN QUC GIA (TCVN)

1. TCVN 6380:2007 Thng tin v t liu. M s tiu chun Quc t cho sch (ISBN)

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2. TCVN 6381:2007 Thng tin v t liu. M s tiu chun quc t cho xut bn phm nhiu k
(ISSN)

3. TCVN 6384:1998 M s m vch vt phm. M UPC-A. Yu cu k thut

4. TCVN 6512:2007 M s m vch vt phm. M s n v thng mi. Yu cu k thut

5. TCVN 6513:1999 M s m vch vt phm. M vch ITF. Yu cu k thut

6. TCVN 6754:2007 M s v m vch vt phm. S phn nh ng dng GS1

7. TCVN 6755:2000 M s v m vch vt phm. M vch EAN.UCC-128. Quy nh k thut

8. TCVN 6756:2000 M s v m vch vt phm. M s m vch EAN cho sch v xut bn

phm nhiu k. Quy nh k thut

9. TCVN 6939:2007 M s vt phm. M s thng phm ton cu 13 ch s. Yu cu k thut

10. TCVN 6940:2007 M s vt phm. M s thng phm ton cu 8 ch s. Yu cu k thut

11. TCVN 7199:2007 Phn nh v thu thp d liu t ng. M s a im ton cu GS1. Yu
cu k thut

12. TCVN 7200:2007 M s m vch vt phm. M cngten vn chuyn theo x-ri (SSCC). Yu
cu k thut

13. TCVN 7201:2007 Phn nh v thu nhn d liu t ng. Nhn n v hu cn GS1. Yu cu
k thut

14. TCVN 7202:2002 Phn nh v thu nhn d liu t ng. M vch 3.9. Yu cu k thut

15. TCVN 7203:2002 M s m vch vt phm. Yu cu kim tra xc nhn cht lng m vch

16. TCVN 7322:2003 Cng ngh thng tin. K thut phn nh v thu nhn d liu t ng. Cng
ngh m vch. M QR

17. TCVN 7454:2004 Phn nh v thu thp d liu t ng. Danh mc tn d liu m t thng
phm s dng m s EAN.UCC

18. TCVN 7626:2007 Cng ngh thng tin. K thut phn nh v thu nhn d liu t ng. Yu
cu k thut i vi kim tra cht lng in m vch. M vch mt chiu

19. TCVN 7639:2007 M ton cu phn nh ti sn c th quay vng (GRAI) v m ton cu

phn nh ti sn ring (GIAI). Yu cu k thut

20. TCVN 7825:2007 Cng ngh thng tin. K thut phn nh v thu thp d liu t ng. Yu
cu k thut m vch. EAN/UPC

TIU CHUN QUC T (ISO)

1. ISO 12656:2001 Micrographics Use of bar codes on aperture cards

2. ISO 15394:2000 Packaging Bar code and two-dimensional symbols for shipping, transport
and receiving labels

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3. ISO 22742:2005 Packaging Linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols for product
packaging

4. ISO/IEC 15415:2004 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Bar code print quality test specification Two-dimensional symbols

5. ISO/IEC 15416:2000 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Bar code print quality test specification Linear symbols

6. /IEC 15417:2007 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Code 128 bar code symbology specification

7. /IEC 15419:2001 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Bar code digital imaging and printing performance testing

8. ISO/IEC 15420:2000 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Bar code symbology specification EAN/UPC

9. /IEC 15421:2000 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture

techniques Bar code master test specifications

10. ISO/IEC 15423:2004 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Bar code scanner and decoder performance testing

11. ISO/IEC 15426-1:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Bar code verifier conformance specification Part 1: Linear symbols

12. ISO/IEC 15426-2:2005 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Bar code verifier conformance specification Part 2: Two-dimensional symbols

13. ISO/IEC 15438:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques PDF417 bar code symbology specification

14. ISO/IEC 16022:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Data Matrix bar code symbology specification

15. ISO/IEC 16388:2007 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Code 39 bar code symbology specification

16. ISO/IEC 16390:2007 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Interleaved 2 of 5 bar code symbology specification

17. ISO/IEC 18004:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification

18. ISO/IEC 24723:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques EAN.UCC Composite bar code symbology specification

19. ISO/IEC 24724:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) bar code symbology specification

20. ISO/IEC 24728:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques MicroPDF417 bar code symbology specification

21. ISO/IEC 24778:2008 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Aztec Code bar code symbology specification

22. ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture
techniques Effects of gloss and low substrate opacity on reading of bar code symbols
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VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT

1. 2373/2000/Q-BKHCNMT: Quyt nh ca B trng B KHCN v MT v vic qun l m s

m vch

2. 45/2002/Q-TTg: Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic quy nh ni dung qun l nh

nc v m s m vch v c quan qun l nh nc v m s m vch

3. 88/2002/TT-BTC: Thng t quy nh ch thu, np v qun l s dng ph cp m s m

vach

4. 15/2006/Q-BKHCN: Quyt nh ca B trng B Khoa hc v Cng ngh V vic ban hnh

Quy nh v vic cp, s dng v qun l m s m vch

5. 36/2007/TT-BTC: Thng t ca B Ti chnh s 36/2007/TT-BTCsa i, b sung Thng t

88/2002/TT-BTC ngy 02/10/2002 ca B Ti chnh Quy nh ch thu, np v qun l s dng
ph cp m s m vch

tham kho cc ti liu trn xin mi lin h vi Trung tm Thng tin Tiu chun o lng Cht
lng.

Loi m

Tuyn tnh/ ri rc Hai/Nhiu ng dng

Plessey
Tuyn tnh Two Phn loi, Gi hng, Kim k

UPC
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Bn l ton cu, chun GS1

Codabar
Ri rac Hai Th vin, Ngn hng mu, Vn n hng khng

Code 25 - Non-interleaved 2 of 5
Tuyn tnh Hai Cng nghip

Code 25 - Interleaved 2 of 5
Tuyn tnh Hai Bn bun, Th vin

Code 39
Ri rc Hai Rt nhiu ng dng

Code 93
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

Code 128
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

Code 128A
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

Code 128B
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

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Code 128C
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

Code 11
Ri rc Hai in thoi

CPC Binary
Ri rc Hai Bu in v dch v bu chnh

DUN 14
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng

EAN 2
Tuyn tnh Nhiu M ph tr trong tp ch , Hp chun GS1

EAN 5
Tuyn tnh Nhiu M ph tr trong sch ,Hp chun GS1

EAN 8, EAN 13
Tuyn tnh Nhiu Bn l ton cu, Hp chun GS1

GS1-128 ( Trc kia l UCC/EAN-128), EAN 128, UCC 128

Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng,Hp chun GS1

ITF-14
Tuyn tnh Nhiu ng dng trong ng gi, hp chun GS1

Pharmacode
C hai loi ng gi dc phm

PLANET
Tuyn tnh Cao /thp Dch v United States Postal Service

POSTNET
Tuyn tnh Cao/Thp Dch v United States Postal Service

OneCode
Tuyn tnh Cao / Thp Dch v United States Postal Service, thay th POSTNET and
PLANET symbols

PostBar
Ri rc Ngiu Dch v bu chnh

RM4SCC
Tuyn tnh Cao / Thp Royal Mail

Reduced Space Symbology (RSS)

Tuyn tnh Nhiu Rt nhiu ng dng,Hp chun GS1

Telepen
Tuyn tnh Hai Cc th vin nc Anh
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M vc phn lp
Loi m Ghi ch

Codablock Phn lp 1 chiu - 1D.

Code 16K Pht trin trn m phn lp 128.

Code 49 Phn lp 1 chiu - 1D pht minh bi hng Intermec Corp.

PDF417 L loi m vch 2 chiu ph bin nht cng vi Micro PDF417

Trung tm Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam

Vn phng M s M vch GS1 Vit Nam

/c: S 8 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni

Email: info@gs1vn.org.vn

Website: http://www.gs1vn.org.vn

(Ngun: GS1 Vit Nam)

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